EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF MULTIPURPOSE AND MULTISTAKEHOLDER WATER PROJECTS CHALLENGES IN EFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT IN DAMODAR RIVER VALLEY - ROLE OF DVC
DIPANKAR CHAUDHURI SATYABRATA BANERJEE
DAMODAR BASIN
Balpahari
Bokaro
Bermo
DAMODAR RIVER- FLOODS A small river of 541 Km. length & catchment area 22015 Sq-Km, was
errant and often destructive due to its devastating floods, became a subject of myths, fables and rhymes for children in Bengal. ‘Sorrow of Bengal’ – attached to the river Major floods recorded in years- 1823, 1840,1877,1913,1935,1939 & 1941,1943. 30 cm and 51 cm rainfalls in and adjoining valley in Aug.1913 storm generated peak inflow of 6.5 lac cusec at Rhondia. Damages estimated – Rs 1.0 crore in 1913 and 2.0 crores in 1935 floods A moderate flood of 1943 of peak inflow 3.5 lac cusec- resulted inundation of Burdwan and destruction of 70 villages and 18000 houses. Calcutta was disconnected from outer world for about 10 weeks. No movements of arms ammunitions and army from Calcutta to war front. Total damage – estimated to be around Rs. 8 crores.
BIRTH OF DVC Govt. of Bengal- set up ‘Damodar Flood Enquiry Committee”
under the chairmanship of ‘Maharaja of Burdwan’ Eminent personality – Dr. Meghnad Saha was also a member. Committee recommended -for creation of an organisation like Damodar Valley Authority( later on-corporation) in line of Tennessee Valley Authority of USA. Central Technical and Power Board appointed – Mr. W.L.Voorduin, an expert from TVA – for preparation of report In 1945 – Mr. Voorduin submitted- ‘Preliminary Memorandum on the Unified Development of the Damodar River’.
Mr.Voorduins recommendations were finally accepted by the
CTPB and the States of W. Bengal & Bihar.
On 7 July, 1948, DVC came into being consequent upon
passing of DVC bill by Central legislature.
DAMODAR VALLEY CORPORATION An Autonomous Body of Central Govt. and the state Governments of West Bengal & Bihar (now Jharkhand) was created. It was the first multipurpose integrated River Valley Project of independent India with prime objectives of flood control, irrigation, municipal & industrial supply of water, power generation & distribution, socio-economic development of valley area, environmental protection etc. Came into existence on 7TH July 1948 by an Act of Parliament ‘DVC ACT (XIV), 1948’. PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION: Total scheme was divided into two phases for implementation : Phase IFour dams at Maithon, Panchet, Tilaiya and Konar with hydel stations. A Barrage at Durgapur with Canal Systems. Bokaro thermal power station with transmission and distribution system. Phase-II – Remaining four dams at Aiyar, Deolbari, Bokaro & Bermo. Construction of 4 Dams, barrage & a canal system under Phase-I were completed by 1959.
A VIEW OF DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIR STORAGE AND FLOOD MODERATION --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Flood Live Total Flood Moderation Capacity Storage Storage Storage Combined Peak Moderated Inflow Outflow Million Acre-ft Cusec (MCM) (Cumec) ----------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Original Plan 1st Stage of DVC Dams
2.915 (3579) 1.510 (1851)
2.30 (2838) 0.98 (1209)
5.680 (7009) 2.900 (3578)
10.0 lac (28321) 6.5 lac (18420)
2.5 lac (7085) 2.5 lac (7085)
With Non Acquisition of Land
1.047 (1296)
0.98 (1209)
2.437 (3007)
6.0 lac (17003)
2.5 lac (7085)
Current
0.786
0.75
1.788
5.0 lac
2.5 lac
SALIENT FEATURES OF DAMODAR VALLEY RESERVOIRS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Particulars Tilaiya Maithon Panchet Konar ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Total drainage area- (In sq. miles) 380 2430 4234 385 2. Reservoir Levels –(In feet) : a) Bed level 1140 350 320 1256 b) Dead Storage 1192 435 392 1347 c) Spillway Crest 1212 460 405 1372.5 d) Top of Gates 1222 500 445 1402 e) Top of Dam 1234 512 457 1415 f) Power pool ( Max) 1222 480 410 1402 3. Reservoir Storages- ( In Acre-ft) a) Capacity to top of gates 3,08,645 8,86,540 11,01,000 2.01,021 b) Dead Storage 60,625 75,550 96,590 27,888 c) Live Storage 1,13,880 3,57,860 1,48,970 1,42,294 d) Flood Storage ( Upto land acquisition) 1,34,140 2,70,570 5,15,850 30,839 e) Flood Storage ( Upto MWL) Nil 4,53,130 8,55,450 Nil 4. Submerged Areas- ( In acres) 18,400 26,480 37,900 6,900 Upto top of gates 5. Spillway Design discharge (In Cusec) 1,35,000 4,80,000 5,86,500 2,40,000 6. Spillway Gates a) Number 14 12 15 9 b) Type Taintor Taintor Taintor Taintor c) Size 30 ft x 10 ft 41 ft x 40 ft 41 ft x 40 ft 34 ft x 29.5 ft 7. Undersluices a) Number 2 6 10 2 b) Size of Gates 30 inch Dia 5 ft 3 inch x 10 ft 5 ft 8 inch x 10 ft 7 ft 6 inch Dia
PERFORMANCE OF DVC FLOOD MODERATION THROUGH DVC DAMS Moderation of Some Major Floods:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Combined Peak Combined Peak Flood Period Inflow Outflow Moderation ( In cusec) ( In cusec) ( In cusec) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oct. 1959 6,23,000 2,88,000 3,35,000 Oct. 1961 5,16,000 1,60,000 3,56,000 Oct. 1973 5,88,000 1,75,000 4,13.000 Sept. 1978 7,74,000 1,63,000 6,11,000 Sept. 1995 6,19,000 2,50,000 3,69,000 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note: If the 1978 flood was allowed to pass without any
moderation from DVC dams, It would have generated a flood peak of 11,80,000 cusec at Durgapur Barrage, which is more than the total design flood of DVC system i.e. 10,00,000 cusec.
MODERATION OF SEPTEMBER 2000, FLOOD Combined Inflow Combined Outflow
600
400
300
200
100
2
96
90
84
78
72
66
10
Time in Hrs
60
54
48
42
36
30
24
18
12
6
0
0
Flow in 1000 cusec
500
WATER SUPPLY & POWER GENERATION IN DVC Water Supply For Irrigation:
3 crops in a year- Kharif, Rabi & Summer crop Boro from DVC water. 1000 to 1200 MCM water - for Kharif Irrigation 86 MCM of water - for Rabi Irrigation 400 to 500 MCM of water - for non-committed Boro Irrigation
Water Supply For Municipal & Industrial Purposes: Supplying water to 185 Municipal & Industrial agencies from Ranchi to
Panagarh. Main Industrial consumers- Steel plants, Thermal plants, Railways, Collieries & Washeries, Fertiliser Plants etc. Main Domestic Consumers – Jharia Water Board Dhanbad City, Asansol, Ranigunge & Durgapur Municipalities etc.
Hydel Power Generation in DVC: Total Capacity: 147.2 MW (Maithon-63.2MW, Panchet-80 MW & Tilaiya-4MW)
Thermal Power Generation in DVC: Total Installed Capacity: 5210 MW Capacity Addition by 2014: 2700 MW Total Capacity by 2014 : 7910 MW
IRRIGATION AREA WEST BENGAL Kharif Irrigation: Rabi irrigation :
9,73,000 acre (3,93,763 hectare) 55,000 acre (22,258 hectare)
JHARKHAND
Check dams (16,882) Small Reservoirs Jamunia Charwa Gonda Proposed Konar Reservoir Balpahari Reservoir
Kharif Hectare 64,748
Rabi Hectare
1458 405 931 47,849 40,468
Total Hectare 64,748 1,458 405 931
14,074
61,923 40,468 1,69,933
PERFORMANCE OF IRRIGATION SUPPLY Allocated Water Year
Kharif Irrigation
Combined Rabi & Boro
Kharif
Rabi
Boro
Indent
Drawn
Indent
Drawn
MCM
MCM
MCM
MCM
MCM
MCM
MCM
2003-2004
494
86
489
1578
1639
619
654
2004-2005
494
86
333
1176
1403
448
498
2005-2006
494
86
246
1178
1068
399
369
2006-2007
494
86
404
1147
1179
556
574
2007-2008
494
86
582
39
1214
605
685
2008-2009
494
86
262
350
1098
435
427
2009-2010
494
86
436
236
701
591
579
2010-2011
494
86
Nil
815
875
104
85
2011-2012
494
86
322
764
1275
520
512
WITHDRAWAL OF MUNICIPAL AND INDUSTRIAL WATER FROM DVC SYSTEM
Year 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Municipal & Industrial Withdrawal West Bengal Jharkhand MCM/day MCM/day 0.68 0.30 0.73 0.31 0.79 0.33 0.79 0.36 0.85 0.41 0.89 0.54 0.91 0.55 0.92 0.56 0.95 0.58 0.97 0.61 1.01 0.63
MAITHON HYDEL STATION
• ISSUES & INITIATIVES: NEW INITIATIVES TAKEN BY DVC: • • • • • • • • •
INSTALLATION OF 39 AUTOMATIC RAIN GAUGE STATIONS MODIFICATION OF THE EXISTING OPERATIONAL GUIDE CURVES IMPLEMENTATION OF BALPAHARI PROJECT DE-SILTATION OF PANCHET RESERVOIR RIM EMBANKMENT AT MAITHON RESERVOIR FISHERIES PREPERATION OF THE MASTER PLAN INCLUSION OF KONAR DAM IN DRIP
MAJOR ISSUES FACING BY DVC: • • • • • • •
LAND ACQUISITION REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT FLOOD OPERATION LOWER DAMODAR CHANNEL CAPACITIES SILTATION IN THE RESERVOIRS OPERATION OF THE TENUGHAT RESERVOIR MISCELLANEOUS ISSUES (ACTIVITIES WITHOUT KNOWLEDGE OF DVC).
Progressive Sedimentation in DVC Reservoirs Maithon Reservoir Capacity (% loss) of Reservoir in different Zone Zone
(in ‘000 acft)
Year of Survey 1955 Original
1963
1965
1971
1979
1987
1994
Dead (upto EL 435 ft)
167.4
140.4
135.5
130.8
112.5
95.1
76.9 (54.0%)
Live (El 435-480 ft)
492.3
465.3
461.0
441.5
425.3
398.5
381.8 (22.4%)
Flood (EL 480495 ft)
309.8
312.6
313.2
308.7
306.4
301.7
296.5 (4.3%)
Overall (upto EL 495 ft)
969.5
918.3
909.7
881.0
844.1
795.2
755.2 (22.1%)
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.7
2.7
Sed rate(acft/sq mile/Yr.)
Progressive Sedimentation in DVC Reservoirs Panchet Reservoir Capacity (% loss) of Reservoir in different Zone Zone
(in ‘000 acft)
Year of Survey 1956 Original
1962
1964
1966
1974
1985
1996
Dead (upto EL 392 ft)
191.5
149.7
140.7
140.0
124.1
101.4
96.6 (49.6%)
Live (El 392410 ft)
204.5
184.4
182.4
178.0
168.2
157.4
149.0 (27.2%)
Flood (EL 410445 ft)
885.7
883.4
880.3
877.9
871.7
872.7
855.5 (3.4%)
Overall (upto EL 445 ft)
1281.7
1217.5
1203.4
1195.9
1164.0
1131.4
1101.0 (14.1%)
2.8
2.6
2.2
2.1
1.4
1.36
Sed rate(acft/sq mile/Yr.)
CONCLUSIONS: The Original objectives behind the creation of the DVC was overall improvement of socio-economic condition of valley area with effective flood control, Irrigation, Supply of water for municipal & Industrial purposes, Hydel & Thermal Power Generation, Soil conservation, afforestation & environmental safeguard of the area. So after 65 years of service to the nation, it is now appropriate to review the extent to which the objectives have been attained through DVC, considering its functioning under limited storage capacities, financial criticalities & socio-economic-political contraints.
•However the performance of DVC in last 65 years with only 30% capacity, with respect to the original plan can not be ignored as it has been successfully able to delete the word ‘Sorrow of Bengal” attached to the river Damodar and in addition to that helped Nadia- HoogliBardwan belt of West Bengal to become ‘Rice Bowl of India”.
THANKS