PIM and Water Use Efficiency Evidences from the field but challenges in scaling up Sachin Oza, Executive Director, DSC 9th April 2013 1
The Journey so far • Wherever PIM has been effectively implemented, the WUAs have participated in the joint assessment , regular operation and maintenance, water distribution, conflict resolutions etc. • There are some successful examples in the country such as the Waghad in Maharashtra, Satak in Madhya Pradesh, Paliganj in Bihar, Dharoi in Gujarat and Shri Ram Sagar Project in Andhra Pradesh. • These projects show us that though slow, farmer’s participation as envisaged in the various Acts is actually possible. 2
Benefits of PIM • Various studies on the impact of PIM have been carried out by academic institutions such as the SOPPECOM Pune, ISEC Banglore, GIDR, IIMA, IWMI and DSC. Some of the findings from these studies are: • PIM creates a sense of ownership of amongst the users • PIM provides about 20% saving in water use • It improves water deliveries in the command areas • It provides healthy atmosphere between Department and users • there has been a perceptible change in productivity as well as cropping pattern. • PIM provides farmers to have choice of crops and irrigation scheduling • It relieves the Government from the task of collecting 3 water charges and O&M
PIM in Dharoi Irrigation System • PIM has been promoted since 1995-96 but the intensive spread of PIM activity started after year 2004. • Today about 196 cooperatives manage irrigation in Right Bank Main Canal Command area of Dharoi dam. • WUAs established by DSC are spread over about 89 villages and manage about 25,784 ha of irrigation areas. There are about 20,491 farmers who are members of these WUAs. There are two federations constituted by these WUAs. 4
Table no. 4.1 Block Wise Changes in Irrigated areas Before (Year 2003-04) and After (Year 2007-08) PIM.
Block No.
Irrigated Areas (Ha)
Difference
Change
Year 2003-04
Year 2007-08
(Ha)
(%)
1
5551
3537
-2014
-36.30
2
4964
7940
2976
59.95
3
5351
7753
2402
44.90
4
6646
8785
2139
32.20
Total
22512
36412
13900
61.74
5
-----
11571
----
----
6
-----
15252
----
----
7
-----
8397
Total
-----
63235
Source: NRSA RS Data 2003-04, 2007-08,
5
Virampur #
Virampur #
Valasana
1
#
1
Valasana
1
1
7
#
7
6
2 5
4
3
2
6
Wagdi
5
4
3
#
Wagdi #
N
Legend Main Cana Branch Ca 2 Distribut Minor Sub Minor
0
2 Kilometers
Legend Main Cana Branch Ca Distribut 2 Minor Sub Minor
Khandeli #
Jawanpura #
Landuse Sattlement Waterbody Non Agriculture Area Agriculture Area
Ransipur
Khandeli
0
#
2 Kilometers
Jawanpura #
Landuse Sattlement Waterbody Non Agriculture Area Agriculture Area
#
Kot #
Firozpura #
N
Rampar # Rampur
Ransipur #
Kot #
Firozpura
#
#
Rampar # Rampur
Phudera Phudera #
#
#
Sardarpur
Phudera Phudera #
#
Sundarpur #
Changod
Madhi #
#
Pedhamli #
#
Sundarpur #
Year 2003-04 Irrigated Area 4964 (Ha)
#
Sardarpur
Changod
Madhi #
Pedhamli #
#
Year 2007-08 Irrigated Area7940 (Ha)
6
Factors responsible for the slow progress of PIM.
•Legal issues – no clear water allocation rights to WUAs, hardly any autonomy given to the WUAs, DCs and PCs to take independent decisions regarding planning, implementation and management of irrigation systems. •Technical issues – dilapidated physical system, water logging at head reach while high tailend deprivation. •Lack of political will to implement PIM in many States. 7
Factors contd…
•Financial issues – very little fund availability for O&M, low water rates and even lower water collection rates. •Institutional issues: –WRD – diminishing HR, absence of coherent capacity building inputs, almost no accountability towards quality service delivery, –Capacity Building – Few competent Training Institutes –WUAs – lack of leadership, elite capture 8
Recommendations for WUA development and support 1. Provide leadership 2. Establish WUA support and training programme – Establish State-wide PIM Support Units with Field Training Centres with funding for at least 10 years (vis. AP model currently being developed) – PIM SU to provide guidance, training and support to WUAs, DCs and PCs – Strengthen WALMIs and include them as a key resource for training in PIM and water management (including maintenance)
3. Allow WUAs to set, collect and manage service fees 4. Separate WUA governance and management 5. Allocate water rights/entitlements to WUAs/water users 9
Recommendations of the Study Part II – Management, Operation and Maintenance (MOM) 10
What is needed: A Paradigm shift; • • • • •
•
From construction to management focus, with separate construction and MOM wings. From a civil engineering dominated to multidisciplinary organization. From engineering-driven to performance driven organization, with a focus on service delivery. From a top-down to bottom-up organization working in partnership with water users Towards scheme-wise performance orientated management measuring success through the scheme’s agricultural performance and water use (efficiency and productivity). Recognize the central role of groundwater, use conjunctively with surface water including recharging 11 groundwater
THANK YOU
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