The Water Quality Management in Rural West Bengal: Challenges , Initiatives taken and Way Forward
Dr. Debasri Mukherjee Water and sanitation support organization (Wsso), public health engineering department govt. of West bengal
WORLD WATER DISTRIBUTION Earth – The Blue Planet -- 1386 Million KM3 Oceans: 96.5%
Fresh Water: 2.5%
Water in Rivers/Lakes (0.26% of 2.5% = 0.007%) = 0.097 Million KM3
GLOBAL WATER WATER SCARCITY SCARCITY GLOBAL
WATER DEMAND DEMAND IN IN INDIA INDIA WATER Water Demand ( in km3 ) Year
2010
2025
2050
Irrigation
557
611
807
Drinking Water
43
62
111
Industry
37
67
81
Energy
19
33
70
Others
54
70
111
Total
710
843
1180
Source: Govt. of India, 1999
Water Availability constraints due to : 1640(Projected)
1027 846
500(Projected)
683 209.8
548
176.4
439
361
129.6 108.4 82
60-61
70-71
80-81
90-91
99-2000
Food Requirement
2050(Projected)
1951
1971
1991
2050(Projected)
Population Growth
WATER PROFILEPROFILE- WEST WEST WATER BENGAL BENGAL
Main source of water in West Bengal is rain fall, the annual average receipt of which is around 1762mm. The net annual water resource generated from rainfall in West Bengal amounts to 51.02 bcm (WBPCB, 2009). West Bengal is endowed with 7.5 per cent of the water resource of the country.
WEST BENGAL BENGAL STATE STATE WEST PROFILE PROFILE
Division Darjeeling Hill Region-North Terai & Alluvial Region-North & East Bengal
Lateric & Red RegionWest
Coastal Region-South
Gangetic Alluvial RegionEast & parts of Central
Vindhyan Alluvial RegionCentral
State Profile
Numbers
No. of Districts
19
No. of Blocks
341
No. of Gram Panchayats No. of Habitation
3362 79036
Total Population: 91347736 ( 2011)
WATER PROFILEPROFILE- WEST WEST WATER BENGAL BENGAL •Rural population coverage through PWSS is 35.88%. •Govt. of India Strategic Plan 2022-90% PWSS with House
Water Availibilty (Cubic metre per capita per year)
connections and 10% Spot Sources. •This has been achieved by implementing 1068 Piped water supply schemes and 498443 spot sources. 6000 5000 4000 3000
Water Stress Line (1700) Water Scarcity Line (1000)
2000 1000 0 1951
1991
2001
2025
2050
WATER CHALLENGES-WEST CHALLENGES-WEST WATER BENGAL BENGAL Water quality monitored on regular basis by CWC, CGWB, CPCB at National Level and by PHED, SPCB,WRD at State Level
Deterioration of Surface Water Quality due to River Pollution Deterioration of Ground water Quality due to: Over Exploitation of Groundwater. Water Quality Problem: Arsenic- 8 districts, 79 blocks Fluoride- 7 districts, 43 blocks High salinity- 5 districts Pathogenic contamination.
(Quality affected Habitation – 18424)
HEALTH IMPACT IMPACT HEALTH More than 0.05 mg/l of arsenic in the body for a long period gives Arsenicosis (pigmentation, hyperpigmentation, melanosis, keratosis, hyper-keratosis etc) More than 1.5 mg/l of Fluoride in the body for a long period gives Fluorosis (dental and skelatal fluorosis)
Problem Severity Severe Arsenicosis Problems
Dental Fluorosis at childhood
WATER VISION: VISION: where where we we are are standing standing WATER today…… …… today
“To provide every rural person with adequate safe water for drinking, cooking and other domestic basic needs on a sustainable basis’ is the latest NRDWP goal “
INITIATIVES TAKEN TAKEN INITIATIVES National Water Policy accords highest priority to drinking water ahead of other uses. Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance (WQM&S) has been given top most priority in NRDWP. The NRDWP policy recommends management of supply of drinking water at the lowest level of Governance ( Bottom Up Approach). Paradigm shift in managing drinking water sources through adoption of demand side management and emphasis on augmentation of water resources through water harvesting and finding alternative source of water supply particularly in water quality affected areas.
STRENGTHENING OF OF LABS-WEST LABS-WEST STRENGTHENING BENGAL BENGAL
120 labs in West Bengal is fully involved for testing the water quality parameters at the districts and sub-divisional levels. At least two to three (2 to 3) blocks goes under one water quality testing labs. out of 120 labs 81 labs goes under the NGO labs and rest 39 labs goes under PHE labs. Importantly out of 120 labs 116 labs follow the NRDWP guidelines till date.
TYPES OF OF LAB LAB PERSONALS PERSONALS TYPES
In Each Labs: Chemist One (1) Bacteriologist (1) Lab Assistant (1) Water Facilitators: One Facilitator in One GP recruited by Gram Panchayat: (i)Minimum qualification of water Facilitator – VIII standard (ii)Facilitator gets training through their concerned lab (iii)Facilitator should collect the samples from the identified sources and deposit to the labs for testing. (iv)Also increase awareness regarding water quality status towards the grass root level.
ROLE OF OF GRAM GRAM ROLE PANCHAYATS PANCHAYATS Recruit water facilitators. Identify the water sources and put the numbers. Submit the water samples through water facilitators. Collect the test result from the Facilitators. Discuss the result on the monthly meeting. The Gram Pradhan should make a group of 2 to 3 Mechanic for Block level training call SAE (RWS) for disinfection and surveillance aspects.
APPLICATION OF OF FIELD FIELD TEST TEST KIT KIT APPLICATION (FTK) (FTK) Field testing Kit is already started at the block and GP level for water quality testing through community participation. Primary Health Centre/School/Anganwadi/Panchayat members or the Key Resource Person/s are using the FTK where laboratory infrastructure is not available for water quality testing in a very simple way.
FIELD TEST TEST KIT KIT (FTK): (FTK): Training Training FIELD Programme Programme
STATUS OF OF FIELD FIELD TESTING TESTING KIT KIT (FTK) (FTK) STATUS Name of District
No. of labs trained
FTK distributed
(1) Hooghly
6 labs
distributed
(2) Howrah
4 labs
distributed
(3) North 24 Parganas
10 labs
distributed
(4)Nadia
6 labs
Distributed
(5) Murshidabad
11 labs
Distributed
(6) South 24 Parganas
10 labs
Distributed
TRAINING ON ON FIELD FIELD TESTING TESTING KIT KIT TRAINING (FTK) (FTK)
MITIGATION MITIGATION The State Govt. has provided arsenic free potable drinking water supply to population of 103.94 lakh (census 2001) which constitute 62.5% of the total risk population. Covered 6623 nos. of Habitations. Covered 3229 villages. 338 mitigation schemes based on Ground Water. 10 based on Surface Water.
Master Plan for coverage of all the fluoride affected habitations is under preparation.
INITIATIVE TAKEN TAKEN FOR FOR ALTERNATIVE ALTERNATIVE SOURCES: SOURCES: INITIATIVE CONJUNCTIVE USE USE OF OF WATER WATER CONJUNCTIVE
Spring water, Sub-surface water of the river, Impounded water in Dams and Barrage, Abandoned coal mines, storage Pond water, Roof top rain water etc. Tried and successfully implemented at different parts of the State. Continuous efforts are being made to cover more and areas with such measures wherever possible.
The Public Health Engineering Department has taken up a number of water supply schemes based on the impoundment of Water in bandhs and dams in the district of Bankura, Purulia, Barddhaman and Paschim Midnapore
POND BASED BASED SCHEMES SCHEMES POND
•Rural areas of West Bengal have large number of ponds ranging from smaller capacity to moderate capacity. •Rain water accumulated in a pond situated nearby any habitation, may be utilized by providing pond water based water supply scheme to supply drinking water to consumers living in the habitation. •In this case, water from the pond is drawn with the help of double stroke hand pump and is treated in a Horizontal Roughing Filter having number of compartments followed by a Slow Sand Filter unit. •The filtered water is supplied to the consumers after proper disinfection by pot chlorination method. •Number of people to be benefited depends on the size and volume of the pond. •Generally, a moderate pond is capable of supplying drinking water to about 1000 people @ 10 ltr per capita per day.
ROOF TOP TOP RAIN RAIN WATER WATER HARVESTING HARVESTING ROOF SCHEMES SCHEMES PHE Department implemented some pilot schemes based on Roof Top Rain Water in Darjeeling hill area with a view to replicate the same in other districts Based on successful implementation of such pilot projects
11 Structures have already been constructed
DESALINATION PLANT PLANT DESALINATION A model drinking water supply scheme based on desalination plant has been commissioned to provide safe drinking water, In the Brackish Zone of the State, comprised of 59 Blocks of Howrah, Purba Medinipur, North 24 Parganas and South 24 Parganas Districts, similar effort have been made to provide piped water supply, Some of the rivers carry sub surface flow and those are being exploited for abstraction of water for drinking water supply.
COAL MINE MINE AREA AREA COAL ďƒ˜Conservation of water in abandoned open cast Coal mine has also been considered a suitable option for alternative source of drinking water supply.
Asansol Coalfield Area
Gopalpur Alkusha
SPRING BASED BASED WATER WATER SUPPLY SUPPLY SPRING SYSTEM SYSTEM Drinking water from Sinchal lake Twin lake South lake having capacity 13 MG and North lake having capacity 20 MG Having its source from 26 nos. perennial springs (Jhora) in Sinchal catchment area.
OTHER SOURCES SOURCES OTHER
Neorakhola Water Supply Scheme in the hilly areas of Darjeeling district to supplement the additional requirement of drinking water. The source of Neorakhola water supply scheme are two perennial water sources at Neorakhola and Dhaulakhola. Balason Scheme' in the hilly district of Darjeeling to supply potable drinking water to the people of Darjeeling.
WAY FORWARD FORWARD WAY Establishment of a full scale training institute (KRC-PHED) for induction of new entrants. 100 Mini labs are going to established at the block level by this financial years (2013-2014). International Water Testing Labs for South East Asia is going to be established soonin Slatk Lake area. Revamping of DWSM, VWSC & BRC with total involvement of Zilla Parishad through Panchayat Department. Establishment of protocol for community based Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance Programme. Establishment of a reliable database on water supply issues including procurement and up-gradation of hardware, development of customized software as per demand of the situation. Dissemination of information by way of online sharing (IMIS) the information among the stakeholders (Target-RFD Ranking).
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