S9: DOMESTIC WATER QUALITY: ISSUES AND MITIGATION FLUORIDE REMOVAL FROM DRINKING WATER USING SHALE: A MINE WASTE
MANJARI KUMARI DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPUR
DR. KALYAN ADHIKARI DEPARTMENT OF EARTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPUR
DR. SUSMITA DUTTA DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY, DURGAPUR
INTRODUCTION • • • •
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13th most abundant element on earth Naturally occurring compound, found in rocks, soil and fresh and ocean water Also added anthropogenically to the environment It has a dual influence on human beings <0.5 mg/L- intensify the risk of tooth decay >1.5 mg/L – pose a risk of dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis and osteoporosis, cancer and in extreme cases even death Occurrence : higher -in plains(dry zones) lower- in highlands and areas with high rainfall. Around 260 million people worldwide (in 30 countries) are drinking water with fluoride content more than 1.0 mg/L Permissible limit of fluoride WHO (2006) : 1.5 mg/L ICMR : 1 mg/L US EPA : 2 mg/L 2
Aim of work Aim of the present work is to provide poor people with fluoride free water by developing a cheap adsorbent for a better and healthy tomorrow
Objective
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A) Collection and preparation of shale Shale was collected from Mahabir Colliery under Raniganj Coalfield of West Bengal on 7th July at 2:30 pm Latitude : 23ยบ37'05 " Longitude:87ยบ06'19
Shale was collected from Mahabir Colliery under Raniganj Coalfield of West Bengal on 7th July at 2:30 pm Latitude : 23ยบ37'05 " Longitude:87ยบ06'19
Collected shale was broken using a hammer
Collected shale was broken using a hammer
Further small pieces were done in a jaw crusher
Further small pieces were done in a jaw crusher
Grounded in a ball mill
Grounded in a ball mill
Sieved to required sizes
Sieved to required sizes
Dried and used in adsorption study
Heat activated in a muffle furnace Used in adsorption study
B) Physical Characterization of Native and Heat Activated Shale
0.7633
Moisture content (%) 2.1793
Total organic carbon (%) 1.0702
2.3906
0.8333
0.1001
5.0637
HAS450
2.3908
0.8333
0.0199
4.7778
HAS550
2.4692
0.7633
0.0099
2.4093
Adsorbents
Specific gravity
Bulk density (g/cc)
NS
2.1507
HAS350
SEM photograph of HAS550
SEM photograph of Fluoride loaded HAS550 5
C) Removal Study Using Native Shale Adsorbent dose = 2.5 g
pH of solution = 3
Volume of solution = 50 mL, Size of particle = 90 Âľ, Time = 24 h, Initial fluoride concentration = 10 ppm
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D) Removal Study Using Heat Activated Shale
oval em R %
Volume of solution = 50 mL Initial fluoride concentration = 10 ppm Adsorbent dose = 2.5 mg 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0
1
2
3
4
5
Adsorbent dose
Effect of different pH of fluoride solution
Effect of adsorbent dose on fluoride removal
Effect of initial fluoride concentration on fluoride removal
Comparison between NS & HAS
Kinetic study Using HAS550
Kinetic study at different initial fluoride concentration
Kinetic study at different sizes of particle
Conclusion Fluoride removal using heat activated shale has been found to be efficient. Maximum removal of 95.46% has been observed for an initial fluoride concentration of 2.5 mg/L at an adsorbent dose of 3.5g at pH 3 and contact time of 24 h Fluoride adsorption data has been found to fit best to Freundlich adsorption isotherm indicating multilayer adsorption on a heterogeneous surface. Adsorption capacity has been found to be 0.358 mg/g. Utilization of shale for abatement of fluoride serves both the purpose of solid waste management as well as pollution control. Detailed parametric study with real fluoride contaminated ground water is required. 9
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