Domestic Water Quality- Issues and Mitigation
ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY PARAMETERS OF NAG RIVER FLOWING THROUGH NAGPUR, MAHARASHTRA
A.M. PATIL, D.M. RAIPURE, M.W. PAUNIKAR, SANDEEP K SHUKLA* CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION NAGPUR, INDIA
NAG RIVER : VARIOUS EFFORTS AND CRITICISM FOR PROTECTION
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: To assess Water Quality and Quantity of Nag River water. To evaluate the water quality in urban stretch of the river before discharge in Gosikhurd dam. To examine the causes of Nag River pollution and suggest the remedial measure. To share information to agencies who are involve in Nag River Rejuvenation
Kan han
Nari
Pili r iv
er an nh Ka
Pili riv er
rive r
Kamptee road
er riv
NAGPUR Futala lake
Pawan Goan
Sangamwadi
Lava village
g Na
er v i r
Gandhi sagar
Hivri Naga r iver Moksdham Nag r
Nag ri
ver
Mahalgoan
Parsad Shivani
Ambazari lake Ambhora
Locations River Railway line
Not to scale
To W
ard h
a
Sonegoan lake
LEGENDS Water Quality Sampling
Wainganga rive r
Gorewada
olk ata
river
To K
Veen a
T
N
indw o Ch
elhi To D
ara
INDEX MAP OF NAG RIVER
Aam River
Gosikhurd Project To Nagbhid
NAG RIVER : QUANTITY OF WATER DISCHARGE OBSERVATION RIVER: NAG – PILI RIVER PLACE : NAGPUR HOURLY RIVER/ TRIBUTARY
PILI RIVER NAG RIVER
ORIGIN
LOCATION
DISCHARGE M3/Sec
DAILY
MONTHLY
ANNUALL Y
MILLION LITER
GOREWADA
PAWAN GAON
5.8719
21.1
507.3
15219.9
185176.2
AMBAZARI
BHARAT WADA
5.2174
18.7
450.7
13523.5
164535.9
PARSAD
8.9469
32.2
773.0
23190.3
282149.4
5.019
18.0
433.6
13009.2
158279.1
NAG – PILI RIVER
AFTER CONFLENCE
NAG – PILI RIVER
AFTER CONFLENCE
SHIVANI
THE DESIGNATED BEST USE CLASSIFICATION OF INLAND SURFACE WATER CPCB (IS:2296-1982) CLASS
DESIGNATED BEST USE
CRITERIA
A
Drinking Water Source without conventional treatment but after disinfection
pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Total Coliform
6.5 to 8.5 6 mg/l or more 2 mg/l or less 50 MPN/100 ml
B
Outdoor bathing (Organised)
pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Total Coliform
6.5 to 8.5 5 mg/l or more 3 mg/l or less 500 MPN/100ml
C
Drinking Water Source with Conventional treatment followed by disinfection
pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) Total Coliform
6.0 to 9.0 4 mg/l or more 3 mg/l or less 5000 MPN/100 ml
D
Propagation of wild life and fisheries
pH Dissolved Oxygen (DO) Free Ammonia
6.5 to 8.5 4 mg/l or more 1.2 mg/l
E
Irrigation, industrial cooling and controlled waste disposal
pH Electrical Conductivity Sodium Absorption Ratio Boron
6.5 to 8.5 2250 Âľmho/cm 26 2 mg/l
WATER QUALITY CORE PARAMETERS DATA OF NAG RIVER
WATER QUALITY OF NAG RIVER : CORE PARAMETERS
CLASS
A
B
C
D
E
pH
6.5 to 8.5
6.5 to 8.5
6.0 to 9.0
6.5 to 8.5
6.5 to 8.5
DO min(mg/L)
6.0
5.0
4.0
-
-
BOD min(mg/L)
2.0
3.0
3.0
-
-
WATER QUALITY OF NAG RIVER : CORE PARAMETERS
CLASS
A
B
C
D
E
NO 3 max (mg/L)
20
-
50
-
-
Tcol Max ( MPN/100 ml
50
500
5000
-
-
WATER QUALITY AT SHIVNI SITE CORE PARAMETERS
UNIT
pH
Min
Max
BIS(IS 2296:1982)
7.3
8.8
6.5 -8.5
Temperature
0
C
22.0
31.4
-
Conductivity
Âľmho/cm
396
824
2250(Max)
Dissolved Oxygen
mg/L
0.0
3.2
4.0(Min)
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
mg/L
15
195
3.0 (Max)
Chemical Oxygen Demand
mg/L
59
531
250*
Nitrate-N
mg/L
0.47
10.98
50 mg/L(NO3)
Nitrite-N
mg/L
0.06
38.85
-
Faecal Coliform
MPN/100mL
100
120000
-
Total Coliform
MPN/100mL
650
120000
5000
* Tolerance limit for industrial Effluent BIS 2490:1981(I) Inland surface water
NAG RIVER : WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT SOURCES
URGENT NEED
• Strom water discharges • Hotel and Offices • Agricultural runoff • Landfill leachates • Industrial wastewater • Shopping Mall dumping site
Avoid contaminations in river water Decentralize approach for treatment Recycle and Reuse of Waste Water
IMPACT • • • • • • •
Odor problems Mosquito nuisance and breeding of insects E-coli and other pathogenic micro-organisms can contaminate drinking water sources Spreading of communicable diseases like cholera, dengue, malaria, etc Impact on bathing quality of rivers,etc. Ground water pollution Contamination of water of Gosikhurd National Project
REMEDIAL MEASURES
Protection of Origin
Phyto-remedation
Regular monitoring
Disconnect of sewage lines
Solid waste management
Recycle - Reuse
Adequate STP
Remove Encroachment
IEC activities
Mitigation Techniques: Phytoremediation
Phytoremediation : Mechanism TOLERANCE MECHANISMS FOR INORGANIC AND ORGANIC POLLUTANTS IN PLANT CELLS. DETOXIFICATION GENERALLY INVOLVES CONJUGATION FOLLOWED BY ACTIVE SEQUESTRATION IN THE VACUOLE AND APOPLAST, WHERE THE POLLUTANT CAN DO THE LEAST HARM. CHELATORS SHOWN ARE GSH: glutathione, Glu: glucose, MT: metallothioneins, NA: nicotianamine, OA: organic acids, PC: phytochelatins. Active transporters are shown as boxes with arrows.
Phytoremediation : Plants & Performance Water Hyacinths
Pollutant
(% removal)
Forage Kochia Poplar Trees Willow Trees Alfalfa Cattail Coontail
Performance
Total suspended solids
75 – 95
Biochemical oxygen 80 – 95 demand 80 – 90
Bullrush
Chemical oxygen demand
Reed
Total nitrogen
80 – 95
American pondweed
Phosphate
60 – 80
Common Arrowhead
Fecal coliform
85 – 95
NEERI Nagpur: Proposed design of Phytorid Estimated land area required: 2563 m2 For a plant capacity of 1000 m3/day
Entire length of the plant: 267m For a plant capacity of 1000 m3/day
Length of the Phytorid bed: 184 m Dimension: 1.5m depth X 184m length X 8m width
Project completion period: 12 months ADVANTAGE: Economic Operation and maintenance expenses are negligible. Minimum electricity requirement Smaller footprint (Retention time: Typically less than 24 hrs.) Facilitates recycle and reuse of water No foul odor and No Mosquito Nuisance. Tolerates fluctuations in operating conditions such as flow, temp, and pH
CONCLUSION •
The Nag river - Pill river water is severely polluted.
•
It is urgent need to take various effort to rejuvenation the Nag river as well as water of Gosikhurd National Project.
•
Regular Monitoring is needed to check water quality of river.
•
Adequate number of STP, decentralise systems, phyto-remedation are required.
•
Removal of encroachment to maintain the flow of river.
•
Awareness campaign/IEC for the protection of Nag river.
Thank you
Gosikhurd National Project