Water audit Practice in India by India Water Week

WATER AUDIT PRACTICE IN INDIA

Water: A Global Concern

Increase in global water usage since the 1900s; twice the rate of human population growth.

10,855 Estimated liters of water it takes to make a pair of jeans.

10/05/13

1.1 billion The number of people that do not have access to safe water according to The World Bank.

45%

Up to 45% of water is lost due to leaks in an aging water infrastructure around the world.

2/3 Two thirds of the world's population is projected to face water scarcity by 2025, according to the United Nations.. 2

Per capita surface water availability

Less Water for Every Indian <1700 - Water Stressed

In cu meters

<1000 - Water Scarce

2309 1902 1465 1235

1991

2001

2025

2050

Source10/05/13 : Water resources of India, Rakesh Kumar, R. D. Singh, K. D. Sharma, National Institute of Hydrology, India

Industry: Key Role.. Rapid Growth 2010

Water use Worldwide

2050

Developing Countries Domestic

10% Industry 18% 82% Agri

78% 68%

Developed Countries

Others

10/05/13 Source: Ministry of Water Resources, Government of India

9% Others

Domestic

13%

Domestic

Industry

Agriculture

8% Industry

Agriculture

Agri

Domestic

11% 30% 59% Indâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;y 4

Water Use â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Indian Industries

Expected to double in next 2 decades!! Source: CPCB

Water Usage Facts - World Country/ Region

India

Annual ground water use (km3) 150

No of ground water structures (million) 19

Extraction/ structure (m3/year) 7,900

% of population dependent on ground water 55-60

Pakistan

0.5

90,000

60-65

China

3.5

21,500

22-25

Iran

0.5

58,000

12-18

Mexico

0.1

300,000

5-6

100

0.2

500,000

<1-2

USA

Source: IWMI

Wastewater generation from different types of industries and achievable reuse Industry

Average volume of wastewater per unit or product

% reuse achievable

Thermal power plant 155 x 103

L/h/MW

Pulp & paper

250 x 103

L/tonne

Iron & Steel

150x 103

L/tonne

Pharmaceutical

4.5x 103

L/Kg

Distillery

L/L of alcohol

Textile

250

L/Kg Cloth

Tannery

34 hides

L/Kg of raw

Industry - Water efficiency

 Water saving potential in Indian industry

Pulp and Paper Best figures in different countries

 35 – 50 %  Excellent Potential to reduce, reuse and recycle  Reduce water as well as conserve resources 10/05/13

65 m3/ton

20 m3/ton 3.5 m3/ton Korea

Finland India Canada

Sweden

Water Management In Industry  Water audits

 55 audits till date  2 companies facilitated for ‘Zero Water Discharge’ • Godrej Industries Ltd, Valia • ITC Ltd, Munger

Annual Water

Equivalent Annual Cost

Savings (m3/year)

Savings (Rs Lakhs/year)

Identified

27 million

1555.00

Achieved*

7.0 million

250.00

(till date)

* Balance under implementation 10/05/13

Approach to Water management Augmentation of water resources & storage

3 pronged approach

Reduce, Reuse & Recycle (Zero Water Discharge) in Industries / buildings

Use of treated municipal waste water for industries

10/05/13

Approach to Water management  Training and Awareness  Develop Water balance  Reduce at source  Recycle back to process applications after treatment  Reuse in other beneficial applications after treatment (irrigation, cooling towers, toilet flushing etc.,)  “Monitoring” to sustain the savings 10/05/13

Approach – Water Audit in Industry  Preliminary Water Survey  Budget estimate for detailed water audit

 Detailed Water Audit  Water Balance  Identification of Water Saving projects with payback period  Training program for employees

 Facilitation and Monitoring

Water Audit Methodology  Awareness program  Formation of teams  Facilitate generation of ideas

 Appointment of coordinator  Water Balance - Data collection & Measurements  Identification of specific proposals  Cost benefit analysis

 Discussion of ideas with all concerned  Presentation and Final report submission

10/05/13

sec or P D MP

1730 DM Plant

t c udi mu H D MP

- r eli o B

564

335

Softener

gnil oo C CA

450

gnil oo C GD

953

175

T Cr e hsa Wri A

327

r od O &t s u D

Sand Filter

nael C D MP

838

501

Fire Hydrant

, p mu P ca V ri A &r e wol B 33 – p mo C Sr e hsa Wri A

72 3

021

3 11

Domestic – 1340 kLD

05 – hsa wkca B

– der et e mn U

114 – y nol oc

– st eli oT D MP

– st eli oT D MS

081 – neet na C

41 – ni md A

Water Balance – sample sheet Borewell Pumps – 3800 kLD

Drinking/ Process Water

3790 kLD

Drinking Process Water Water

Industrial Cooling/ Process – 2450 kLD 270

Training and Awareness â&#x20AC;&#x201C; sample sheet

Union

Water Loss Hourly loss Annual loss Min. Annual water only cost

One drop/second 0.5 litres 5 m3 Rs. 7.5

Water Loss Hourly loss Annual loss Min. Annual water only cost

0.1 litres/minute 6 litres 53 m3 Rs. 80

Water Loss Hourly loss Annual loss Min. Annual water only cost

0 - 4 litres/minute 0 - 240 litres 0 - 2100 m3 Rs. 0 - 3150

Flange

Valve

Pump shaft seal 10/05/13

Holistic approach towards Water Efficiency

Viswa Syamalam, Chennai

CII-Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, LEED Platinum

RMBP, Chennai

Grundfos Pumps India Pvt Ltd, Chennai

‘ When the well is dry ……… We know the worth of water’ - Benjamin Franklin

Water efficiency in Buildings  CII water efficiency programme – enhances water efficiency  Reduce •

Low flow fixtures

 Recharge •

Rainwater harvesting

 Reuse •

Use of treated water

 Refuse •

Installation of dry type fixtures

Approach towards water efficiency 

Ultra low flow fixtures



On-site STP



Enhanced Irrigation Systems



Rainwater Harvesting



High performance cooling towers

 Water Metering Systems

I. Ultra Low Flow fixtures . . .  Water less urinals  No plumbing line for flushing  Uses buoyant fluid instead of water to maintain sanitary condition

 Composting toilet

Waterless Urinal

 Recycling of compost as fertilizer for the native landscaping on site

Dry plumbing fixture

Composting WC’s

I. Ultra Low Flow fixtures . . . ď&#x192;&#x2DC; Low flow fixtures ( 1.8 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 2.0 LPM) Sensor based fixtures Senses the hand presence & automatically turn on & off

Sensor Faucet

Innovative fixtures Sensor placed on the tip of the tap Enhances the water efficiency Digital Sensor Faucet

I. Ultra Low Flush fixtures . . .  Water closets with dual plumbing  3 /6 LPF flush options in same unit  Innovative – Ultra Low-Flow water closet -2 /4 LPF

I. Ultra Low Flow fixtures . . .  Taps, Faucets, Showers, etc., with aerators  Low flow fixtures – 6-8 liters/minute

Aerators fitted to open end of showers to control the flow rates Aerators: Small in size – Big in Impact

II. On-site treatment …  On-site water treatment  Uses localized treatment systems to transport, store, treat & dispose of waste water volumes generated on the project site

Waste water STP

Treated water Storage

100% Reuse

10/05/13

II. On-site treatment …  On-site water treatment  Grey water re-use  Irrigation

 Flushing  Cooling tower make-up

 Reduces the load on municipal system On-site STP - Homes & Commercial Buildings

10/05/13

II. On-site treatment …  Root Zone Treatment  Natural system - Aesthetically pleasing and gives picturesque garden like appearance  Low capital cost – no usage of chemicals  Treated water - reused or recycled or recharged & meets CPCB Norms

Aquamall

III. Enhanced Irrigation Systems  Drip Irrigation System  High-efficiency irrigation in which water drips to the soil from perforated tubes •

Efficiency of 90%

 Sprinkler Irrigation System  Efficiency of 60%

Using native species, minimizes the water requirement

IV. Recharge  Rainwater harvesting  Increase the water table or reduce the usage of potable water  Capture roof water generated from roof area to utilize in : • Landscape irrigation or •

Indoor water usage

Government of Tamilnadu, Rajasthan, M.P – made RWH mandatory

V. High efficient Cooling towers  High efficient cooling towers  Reduces cooling tower water make-up  Usage of treated water / storm water will bring down the demand on potable water

VI. Water Metering  To measure the water consumption, at strategic locations;  Treated grey water consumption  Landscape water consumption  Rain water reuse  Air-conditioning cooling tower make-up  Hot water consumption  Any other major source of water consumption such as, swimming pools, water fountain, common car wash facilities

To Sum Up  Zero Water Discharge  Definitely achievable

 Technologies available  Practically proven  Affordable cost

 Excellent Long term benefits  Definitely sustainable

10/05/13

Case Studies

10/05/13

Recycle of Backwash Water by Installing Tube Settler 

Objective  Reuse of back wash water in pretreatment section



Results  Water savings of 30 m3/day  Complete saving of fresh water for back wash



How achieved ?  Tube settler plant is introduced and back wash water is passed through Tube settler  After removal of total suspended solids in Tube settler water reused  Total cost of the project : Rs 4.5 Lakhs  Cost of water: Rs 1.00/m3  Pay back period : 18 months 10/05/13

RO plant reject water to be used for toilet flushing  Objective 



RO plant reject water to be used for toilet flushing

Results  Water Savings - 3650 Kilo Liters / year  Money Saving - Rs. 1.17 Lakhs / year  Reduction in load of ETP as reject has been diverted for flushing



How achieved ?

RO Reject Water Line

 Simple piping arrangement along with small pump has been installed  Investment: Rs. 0.15 Lakh  Pay back Period: 1.5 months water 10/05/13

By Installing the water efficient fixtures 

Objective 

Foam type Water taps” at all high consumption shops and dining halls.



Results 

Water Savings 11100 m3 /annum



Cost Savings of Rs. 2.16 lakh / annum



How achieved ? 

Installed Foam type water tapes



Water Consumption: 0.02 Ltr/ECU



Investment



Cost savings



Payback period : 8 months

10/05/13

: 1.50 lakh : 2.16 lakh 35

Cooling tower blow down reduction 

Objective 

Blow down reduction by increasing the COC



Results 



Float wise water saving •

Float 1:28 KL/Day

•

Float 2:24 KL/Day

Water Savings •



19,000 Kl/annum

How achieved ? 

By increasing the TDS/conductivity of re circulating water

10/05/13

Reuse of treated municipal waste water in industry  Towards conservation of fresh ground water  Reuse of 200 m3 /day of secondary treated waste water  Installed full fledged tertiary treated water system using submerged UF-RO membrane  Utilized for non-potable purposes

 Fresh water saving of 73000m3 /year 10/05/13

Rain Water Harvesting  Roof top rain water harvesting in industry  Roof drains connected to storage tanks through filtration systems  Collection of roof water and storage of same in tanks for use

 Tank Storage option explored in the plant

10/05/13



From Roof



Through Gutter



Storage Tank

Thank You

10/05/13

Water Makes Business Sense