Capetown: Die Antwoord's Gentrification by indopacificatlas

Die Antwoordâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Gentrification Cape Town Rave Urban Renewal

Kane Pham Natalie Xu Zoe Phocas Deliat Kevin Oo Alem Alimujiang

Table Of Contents

Cape Town Region Map_ Cape Town City Map_ Introduction_ Audio Technology Movement_ Rave Organisation_ Rave Performers Location_ Rave Ticket Distributors_ Drug Study_ Gang Activities around the City_ Gang Territory_ Manenberg Crime Study_ Gangs Web of Influence_ Graffiti Style Study Graffiti/Area Study_ Woodstock Graffiti Study_ Tattoos Analysis_ Biennale Maquette_ V&A Waterfront Analysis_ Technology Analysis_ Rave Analysis_ Drug Analysis_ Gangs Analysis_ Graffiti Analysis_ Tattoos Analysis_ Conclusion_ References_

4 6 9 10 13 17 20 23 25 29 32 34 36 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 65 69

Cape Town City Map 7

Cape Town CBD Map 9

Introduction

“THE SEA-ROVERS AND CORSAIRS of the 18th century created an “information network” that spanned the globe: primitive and devoted primarily to grim business, the net nevertheless functioned admirably. Scattered throughout the net were islands, remote hideouts where ships could be watered and provisioned, booty traded for luxuries and necessities. Some of these islands supported “intentional communities,” whole mini-societies living consciously outside the law and determined to keep it up, even if only for a short but merry life.

“ This opening paragraph to Hakim Bey’s Temporary Autonomous Zone can begin to frame our hypothesis that Cape Town is a city that thrives in its “islands” of isolated organised chaos, but as we begin to examine more closely and unravel the connections linking these islands to the mainland, the interconnected web operates in parallel strands that must be read in tandem to unveil the differing utopian and dystopic visions of the city.

Introduction 11

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33 19,23,26,50 24,27,28,30,32,34,42 15,18 58

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Cape Flats 57,59,60,65

Technology movements _ As technological element of rave break away from the event after its expiration period, it reconnects back the city creating an alternative system of urban fabrication. 16,49

1 _ JAN 1 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Highlander Pub 2 _ JAN 4 2014 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Daytona Palm 3 _ JAN 17 2014 _ Audio/DJ _ Durbanville 4 _ FEB 1 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Rooftop Clock Tower 5 _ FEB 10 2014 _ Audio _ Blouberg 6 _ FEB 28 2014 _ Stage/Light/Visual _ Langa Stadium 7 _ MAR 7 2014 _ Audio _ Lourensford Estate 8 _ MAR 8 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Rooftop Clock Tower 9 _ MAR 14 2014 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Inside on Fire Blouberg 10 _ MAR 15 2014 _ Visual _ Cape Town International Convention Centre 11 _ MAR 28 2014 _ DJ _ Brackenfell 12 _ MAR 28 2014 _ Audio _ Kaapstad 13 _ MAR 31 2014 _ Stage/Light/Audio _ Simonsvier Winery 14 _ APR 21 2014 _ Stage/Light/Audio _ Brackenfell 15 _ MAY 6 2014 _ Audio _The Palms 16 _ MAY 10 2014 _ Audio _ Hermanus 17 _ MAY 24 2014 _ Light/Audio _ Kaapstad 18 _ MAY 31 2014 _ Audio _ The Palms 19 _ MAY 31 2014 _ Light/Audio _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 20 _ JUN 1 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Durbanville 21 _ JUN 12 2014 _ Audio/DJ/Light _ Casa Blanca 22 _ JUN 27 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Brackenfell 23 _ JUL 2 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 24 _ JUL 12 2014 _ Audio _ Brackenfell 25 _ JUL 26 2014 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Goodwood 26 _ AUG 1 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 27 _ AUG 2 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Brackenfell 28 _ AUG 25 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 29 _ SEP 13 2014 _ Audio/Stage _ Ellingtons, Bellville 30 _ OCT 4 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 31 _ OCT 31 2014 _ Stage/Light/Audio _ Rooftop Clock Tower 32 _ NOV 28 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 33 _ DEC 13 2014 _ Stage/Audio _ Fairbridge Mall 34 _ DEC 19 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Brackenfell 35 _ DEC 31 2014 _ Audio/Light _ Table Bay Boulevard 36 _ JAN 1 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Rooftop Clock Tower 37 _ JAN 8 2015 _ Event Management/Light/Audio/DJ _ Klein Bottle 38 _ JAN 17 2015 _ Audio _ Hillcrest Quay Durbanville 39 _ JAN 28 2015 _ Light/Audio _ City Hall 40 _ FEB 1 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Stellenbosch UNI 41 _ FEB 5 2015 _ Visual _ Eurika Estate 42 _ FEB 6 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Brackenfel 43 _ FEB 7 2015 _ Event Management/Audio _ Zonnevanger 44 _ FEB 14 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Cape Garden Centre 45 _ FEB 14 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Stellenbosch UNI 46 _ FEB 14 2015 _ Event Management _ Nooitgedacht Winery 47 _ FEB 18 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Protea Hotel 48 _ FEB 20 2015 _Stage/Event Management _ Stillwater 49 _ FEB 21 2015 _ Stage/Audio _ Cafe Mambo 50 _ FEB 27 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Brackenfell 51 _ FEB 28 2015 _ Stage/Audio _ Somerset West 52 _ MAR 12 2015 _ Audio _ Hillcrest Quay Durbanville 53 _ MAR 13 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Rooftop Clock Tower 54 _ MAR 15 2015 _ Event Management/Light/Audio/DJ _ Klein Bottle 55 _ MAR 16 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Table Mountain 56 _ MAR 26 2015 _ Audio _ Bok Lounge 57 _ MAR 27 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Circle of Dreams 58 _ MAR 28 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Tiekiedraal, Brackenfell 59 _ APR 1 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Circle of Dreams 60 _ APR 7 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Circle of Dreams 61 _ APR 8 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Protea Hotel 62 _ APR 10 2015 _ Audio/Light _ Mitchells Plain 63 _ APR 18 2015 _ Event Management _ Nooitgedacht Winery 64 _ APR 20 2015 _ DJ _ Elgin Valley 65 _ APR 25 2015 _ Audio/Light/Stage _ Circle of Dreams

Audio Technology Movement 14

MARKET

FMX

FOOD ìCA RTYARDî STAGE 3

MAIN CAMP SITE

STAGE 2

ENTRANCE UNKNOWN ROAD

STAGE 1

TEMPORARY PARKING

Rave Organisation 17 17 CIRCLE OF DREAMS

Food Cartyard

Campsite

AUTONOMOUS ZONES Minimal infrastructure is needed to support rave festivals operating as Temporary Autonomous Zones.Â These bare essentials are equally available, affordable and transportable catering to the abundance of festivals happening week to week.

FMX

Rave Organisation 19

2,6,22,35 20 S

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1 _ JAN 1 2014 _ Night Performance _ Solar Flair, Clock Tower

2 _ JAN 3 2014 _ Dans van Die Vlamme _ Afrikaanse Taalmonument

3 _ JAN 13 2014 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 4 _ MAR 4 2014 _ Night Show _ ROCA 5 _ MAR 15 2014 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 6 _ MAR 28 2014 _ Dans van Die Vlamme _ Afrikaanse Taalmonument 7 _ JUL 10 2014 _ Private _ Franschhoek

1,19 8,11,15,16,18,26,27,28,39

8 _ AUG 7 2014 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club

37 10 31

9 _ AUG 8 2014 _ Corp. Workshop _ Woolworths HQ 10 _ AUG 16 2014 _ TEDx Performance _ City Hall

11 _ SEP 26 2014 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club 12 _ OCT 3 2014 _ Night Show _ Rocking the Daisy Festival 13 _ OCT 14 2014 _ Private _ Wild Clover Farm 14 _ OCT 15 2014 _ Private _ Franschhoek 15 _ OCT 25 2014 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club

3,5,17,23,25,29,33,38

16 _ NOV 7 2014 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club 17 _ NOV 22 2014 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 18 _ DEC 5 2014 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club 19 _ DEC 6 2014 _ Private _ Shimmy Beach Club 20 _ DEC 13 2014 _ Private _ Leipzig Country Estate

7,14

21 _ DEC 20 2014 _ Night Performance _ Circle of Dreams 22 _ DEC 27 2014 _ Dans van Die Vlamme _ Afrikaanse Taalmonument 23 _ JAN 27 2015 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 24 _ FEB 9 2015 _ Night Show _ The Boardhouse, Table View 25 _ FEB 11 2015 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 26 _ FEB 12 2015 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club 27 _ FEB 13 2015 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club 28 _ FEB 27 2015 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club 29 _ MAR 8 2015 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 30 _ MAR 7 2015 _ Night Performance _ Circle of Dreams 31 _ MAR 14 2015 _ Parade _ Cape Town Carnival 32 _ MAR 14 2015 _ Night Show _ The Boardhouse, Table View 33 _ MAR 15 2015 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch 34 _ MAR 26 2015 _ Night Performance _ Circle of Dreams 35 _ MAR 28 2015 _ Dans van Die Vlamme _ Afrikaanse Taalmonument

Cape Flats

Performers of Raves _ Performers of raves are a temporary element with a specific functional time period. When its functional period expires, it reconnects to the city generating its alternative system of fragmentation and restitching of the city

36 _ APR 3 2015 _ Night Performance _ Circle of Dreams 37 _ APR 18 2015 _ Private _ Franschhoek

30,34,36

38 _ APR 19 2015 _ Route 44 _ Stellenbosch

39 _ APR 24 2015 _ Night Show _ The Side Show Club

Rave Performers Location 22

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27 5 Cape Flats

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SunFlower festival

Groovy Troopers

SunFlower Outdoor festival

Organik

Earthdance

VORTEX

The Village

Origin

Rave Ticket Distributor _ Raves and Festivals tickets distributor has a strong concentration within City Centre with minor focal points in Century City, Observatory, Kalk Bay and Strand Area.

24 27

1 _ Ska_Long Street Shop 161 City Bowl Section_Cavendish Plaza Shop 17 Claremont _70 Main Rd Kalk Bay_Shop 27 Bayside Mall Tableview 2 _ Gypsy_90 Main Road Kalk Bay_285A Long Street Cape Town_147 Drop Street Stellenbosch 3 _ Call-A-Pizza_57 Regent Road, Sea Point, Cape Town 4 _ Wildfire Tattoo Clinic_192 Long Street Cape Town City Centre_Shop 480 Canal Walk Century City 5 _ Ta-Da! Cape Town_37 Victoria Avenue Hout Bay_Surfers Corner, 38B Beach Road, Muizenberg 6 _ Namaste_Cnr Main Road and Village Lane Noordhoek 7 _ Old Skool Tattoo and Piercing_158B Main Road Somerset West 8 _ Bohemian Lofts Backpackers_41 Trill Rd, Observatory 9 _ Hemporium_210 Long St Cape Town City Centre_11 Regent Park, 2 Bell Crescent Westlake 10 _ Global Girl Clothing_Lower Level Gardens Shopping Centre Mill Street Cape Town 11 _ Shoprite Group Cape Town Stores 12 _ Checkers Group Cape Town Store 13 _ Green Elephant Backpackers_57 Milton Rd, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa 14 _ Zion Headshop_122A Lower Main Road, Observatory 15 _ Earth DNA_153 Main Rd, Plumstead 16 _ The Tattoo Lounge_Shop 13, Nieuport Building, 18 Recreation Road, 7975 Fish Hoek, Western Cape 17 _ Subway Buitengracht_87 Buitengracht Street, Cape Town Central 18 _ Revolution records_85 Lower Main Road, Observatory 19 _ Ashanti Lodge Garden_11 Hof St. Garden 20 _ Little Amsterdam_4A Buiten St. Cape Town City Centre 21 _ Sport n Surf_Long Street Cape Town 22 _ Surf Centre_Shop 89, Canal Walk Centre, Century City 23 _ Sport Unlimited Group 24 _ Red Revenge Studio_Cr. Of Kendal and Durban Road, Durbanville 25 _ Zebra_Goedemoed, Cape Town 26 _ Long Street Boutique_230 Long Street Cape Town City Centre 27 _ Postnet Cape Town

Rave Ticket Distributors 25

CUTTING IT UP Drugs, often at the credulity of the users are sold mixed with other substances to increase the profit margin to the dealer. The star matrices identify the numerous compounds and their frequency of use as a cutting substance. Mandrax,Â Methamphetamine, Cannabis (Dagga), and Cocaine are the most used drugs in South Africa. When cut their effects can vary from surprisingly stronger intensity to producing negative effects, stronger come downs and more damaging long effects dependant on the user.

CUTTING AGENTS Mixture Period of Effect Popularity

Drug Study 27

GANG WARS Graffiti is a popular marker signifying gang territories through Cape Town. Tags that are not recognised by tourists and the general public can often result in unpredicted assault, violence and theft.

Two streets of Cape Town, two marked graffiti hidden on different walls. In conjunction with their influence, the remaining graffiti signifies abstract boundaries, which allows the gangs a form of power over the people and the area covered by the gangs signature. Blocks of flats on Renoster Road are painted in tags and graffiti, each camouflaging the building as the trooch front for a gang. The voids in between marks start of the battlefield. Streets of Manenberg, the most famous gangster’s area, showing other types of gang’s activities.

When gangsters have decided to control an area of the city, they have effective autonomy to do as they please including the destruction of property. Cape Town’s government has acted indifferently and with difficulty to the unchallenged authority of gang activity.

Gang Activities Around the City 29

One street can be the scenery of gangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fights to extend their own territory, to resolve problems and to show their authority. Innocent people can be killed when this happens, including children.

Drug dealing is one of the main activities of gangs. It is usually handled by gangsters belonging to the section 27 (meaning that they have to sell illegal products to either interested people, rave people or other dealers).

Gangs may occasionally join forces either temporarily or permanently to extend their influence of stabilize their territory. These alliances can also occur for the purpose of rising up against a third gang.

At the intersection of rival gangs, streets are often empty in fear of territorial violence.

Gang Activities Around the City 31

1. ‘WEST SIDE, THUG LIFE’ In the Township of Manenberg, the community is divided by rivalry gangs; namely The Americans and Hard Living. The iconic murals of Manenberg ‘West Side, Thug Life’ marks the territory of Hard Living, identifying their hideout quarter. It’s location cause much uproar as its surrounding properties belong to its rivalry gang, The Americans. 2. STREET KILL

Peace agreement between gangs are never permanent, a simple gambling argument can break out a full gang war. On the 11th of April 2014, a member of Americans was gunned down after a gambling game turned ugly. Consequentially the agreement is diminished. A member of Hard Living is killed in the middle of the night by Americans, leaving a message for Had Living in front of their hideout.

3. HOME INVASION Due to gang influence on the local community, government officials have limited control upon areas of Cape Flats. Large scale gangs would operate upon its own structure and system. All ownerships of properties within their territory are considered to be their belongings. Residents become squatters, requiring them to pay certain amount of ‘rent’ per specific period of time. Rivalry gangs sometime would invade these residential units, civilians are often caught in crossfire to send a message to the gang.

4. STREET SEARCH Due to high level of gang related violence, Police would operate throughout street of Manenberg and other townships of Cape Flats, conducting random searchs for drugs and weapons.

5. FLAT SEARCH

Drug dealers are often within the mixture of residents. Their neighbours would often become silent witnesses, leaving anonymous tips for the police, whom in turn would conduct a property search

GANG TERRITORY

6. CHILDREN OF THE FUTURE

The mural of ‘West side, Thug life’ marks the territory of Hard Living gang in Manenberg. It fragments the block of flats from its surrounding and has become a point of conflict.

Due to current situation, the playground and streets has become locations of drug dealing and violence. This generates a cycle of negative influences as children are easily affected by their surrounding. Therefore local residents have taken to the streets for peace march to minimise the rate of violence.

Manenberg Crime Study 34

MANENBERG _ CRIMINAL ACTIVITY ANALYSIS IN RECENT YEARS. 0. 03 June 2015 _ shooting_ Random gang shooting_Facebook Community Blog 1. 02 June 2015 _ shooting_ Mistaken identity, Random gang shooting_Facebook Community Blog 2. 02 June 2015 _ Army Raid_ SWAT and Army engage in gun fight with gangs_Eyewitness News 3. 23 May 2015 _ Shooting_ Teenager wounded by gang shooting_Eyewitness News 4. 20 May 2015 _ Army Raid_Facebook Community Blog 5. 16 May 2015 _ Drug Bust_ Saib Road random drug bust_Facebook Community Blog 6. 12 May 2015 _ Shooting_ Gangster Shot down_Facebook Community Blog 7. 10 May 2015 _ Robbery_ Robbery Gang at Nyanga Junction_Facebook Community Blog 8. 06 May 2015 _ Teenage shot dead in crossfire_Eyewitness News 9. 03 May 2015 _ Manenberg declare by police â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;danger zoneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; ambulance no go_Eyewitness News 10. 23 April 2015 _ Peace leader shot before protest_Eyewitness News 11. 16 April 2015 _ Hard Living and Americans open fire at corner of Thames Ave and Thames Walk_Eyewitness 12. 10 April 2015 _ Gang war between Hard Living, Americans, Dixie Boys_IOL News 13. 05 April 2015 _ shooting_ Hard living and Americans peace fall through_Eyewitness News 14. 11 March 2015 _ Shooting at school zone_IOL News 15. 05 February 2015 _ Drug Bust_ Police Drug Bust in neighbourhood_Facebook Community Blog 16. 02 February 2015 _ Shot out between Police and Gangs_IOL News 17. 04 December 2014 _ Attack_High Schooler stabbed at school_Eyewitness News 18. 10 October 2014 _ Police Raid to diminish Gang Violence_Eyewitness News 19. 11 September 2014 _ Shooting_Gang Activity_Eyewitness News 20. 21 August 2014 _ Shooting_15 year old gun down by Gang_Eyewitness News 21. 22 May 2014 _ Gang Violence relation with School_Eyewitness News 22. 21 July 2013 _ Peace March by Community of Manenberg_Eyewitness News 23. 11 July 2013 _ Hard Living and Americans crossfire_Eyewitness News 24. 23 May 2013 _ Shooting_ Random shooting at Sonderend Road_Eyewitness News 25. 16 April 2013 _ Durg Raid_Americans houses raided_Eyewitness News 26. 14 March 2013 _ Increasing number of children being recruit by gang_Eyewitness News 27. 23 May 2012 _ Political March of community burning munipical bill_Eyewitness News

Manenberg Crime Study 37

GANGS WEB OF INFLUENCE The predominance of gangs clustered around Cape Flats can be correlated to a concentration of poverty and violence in the region. Young children often join the gangs before they turn 18 because they have no alternative. Gangs offer an environment where they can â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;belongâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, inscribing their skin with identifying marks, and further expressing themselves by marking walls, territory, then marking other bodies with weapons of violence. 1 _ JHB gang 2 _ Junior Mafia (Drug) 3 _ 28s Street Faction 4 _ Sexy Boys 5 _ The Firm 6 _ 28s Tik Houses 7 _ 28s Street Faction 8 _ American, Mal Boys, Jesters, Yakkies, 26s, 28s 9 _ Naughty Boys, Dixie Boys 10 _ The American, Hard Living, Sexy Boys 11 _ The American, Hard Living 12 _ Mongrel, Eurocret 13 _ Junior Mafia 14 _ JFk, Corner Boys, Mongrel

Gang Territories Around the City 39

TAG Tagging is the simplest type of graffiti, consisting of the writer’s street name in one color. Tags are basically the graffiti writer’s signature Location: Langa Artist: Unknown THROW-UP A throw-up is something that can be done quickly and repeatedly, while still identifying the writer. They’re usually done in bubble letters, often in one color with a differently-colored outline. Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown BLOCKBUSTER Usually a blockbuster is put up to cover up other work or block other writers from putting anything up on the same area.

Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown WILDSTYLE It’s a complicated and extremely stylized form of writing that, to the untrained eye, is not easy to read. Wildstyle pieces are often 3D and considered to be one of the most complicated forms of graffiti. Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown

Graffiti Styles Study 41

STICKERS Stickers are a quick and easy (some say lazy) way to throw up a tag quickly. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s just as likely to see elaborate, professional-looking printed stickers with a message or image plastered all over Location: Langa Artist: Unknown HEAVEN Because theyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;re so dangerous and difficult to reach, graffiti artists who manage to get a piece up in such a spot will usually gain some added respect from their peers. Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown PUBLICITY A publicity would usually ask for a graffiti artist or an artist to paint on a wall legally an advertisment of a new product. Company like coca cola or sony are using this technique. Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown PIECE Pieces are hard to do illegally because of the time and effort involved, so a good piece will gain a lot of respect for that particular graffiti artist. Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown

Graffiti Styles Study 43

Location: Woodstock Artist: Breeze Yoko

MURAL

Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown

Considering the size of the wall, it would be to hard for one person to draw the graffito without an example to follow. Which is why, artist paint a drawing first and use it as an example to paint the bigger version

Location: Woodstock Artist: Unknown

Graffiti Styles Study 45

GRAFFITI REPRESENTATIVE SECTION From poor areas to rich areas, graffiti has a direct impact on the urban development. Poor quality graffiti such as tags and throw ups would most likely be found in the poorest suburbs while the quality will increase as the suburb gets weatlhier with street art like murals and pieces. However some areas are not so much influenced by graffiti as you can still find throw up and wild styles in wealthy areas.

Graffiti Area Study 47

WOODSTOCK DETAIL Overall, Woodstock is more about the quality of the graffito rather than the technique, we noticed while going through each and every street, that there were no stencils, no stickers and not actual true blockbusters.

Dark grey walls: Graffiti walls

Woodstock Graffiti Study 49

GANG - TATTOO ANALYSIS 1. ‘AMERICANS’ Gang - Drugs are allegedly main source of income. - Most strongest gang in Cape Town and operates in the Kensington area. - Regarded as the 5 000 members. 2. THE 26’S GANG - Specialize in robbery, smuggling and other monetary crimes - Members must be active in the gangs duties and cant just laze around - The 26’s keep the prisons alive and are responsible for acquiring supplies of money, drugs, cigarettes and other luxuries and known for beating the system and ust be shared with the 28’s 3. THE 27’S GANG - They are the men of blood and the most violent of the gangs - They are career criminals specializing in violence - Monitors and enforces the laws and codes of the number - They negotiate problems and communicate between the 26’s and 28’s 4. THE 28’S GANG - They are the sexual offenders, who have sex or who are raped in the gang - They believe in same sex relationships - The 28’s usually work in the kitchens of all prisons and share food equally 5. ‘Nongy Boy’ GANG - Based on Nongoloza (the founder of #28) - Regarded as the 150 members. 6. GUN TATTOO - Has a certain status in the gang - Advocating violence 7. ‘In God We Trust, - In money we believe’ - ‘American’ gang slogan 8. Poker Medal - High rank in the gang - A member moves up the ranks through the stabbing or killing of rival gangs 9. Gold and Money Symbol Tattoo -Wear money tattoos for expressing the status and prestige money can bring or overall importance of money and buying power in their lives. 10. ‘I Dig My Grave’ - Seeking for redemption - Fallen without fear of death 11. ‘I Cry For Blood’ - People who suffer from the violence in his life and repent of his sins.

Tattoos Analysis 51

COOKIE THUMPER This video introduces: - Gangs

BABYâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S ON FIRE This video introduces: - Drugs - Raves

COOKIE THUMPER This video introduces: - Gangs

FATTY BOOM BOOM

This video introduces: - Street Art - Technology

PITBULL TERRIER This video introduces: - V&A Waterfront - Tattoos

Biennale Maquette 54

6. TYPICAL HOUSING Current urban development of Cape Town consists of simple housing projects. Often graffiti would be integrated into the facade, generating new urban fabrications. 20

10 6

10. FORMAL GENTRIFICATION V&A WATERFRONT Government regulated development with aims of economic enrichness and globalised sophistication, Cape Town is assimilated as a global port city. 20. CAPE FLATS Better known as The Flats, it is the section of Cape Town which became the host of gang activites andviolence for the past 30 years. Urban development consists of a mix of run down public housing and a large amount of informal settlements. 21. CLOCKTOWER CENTRE A development on the waterfront serves a mixed use of functions from commercial activities during regular hours and is transformed into a rave space during selected night time periods.

V&A Waterfront Analysis 57

5. TECHNOLOGICAL MOVEMENTS WITHIN THE CITY

The technological equipment generates alternative routes within the city as it travels from place to place. The new routes sets out to restitch the city in new contexts, creating new urban fabrics. However one concept remains the same, informal settlements are outlined as inpenetrable with the movements of technology avoiding such areas for the majority of the time.

Technology Analysis 59

15. RAVE FLYERS Rave flyers often serve similar functions as graffiti except it is more temporal. It advertises an ideology which inspires audiences to participate in an event. As it is scattered across the city, it generates a new mode of penetration which is purely based on rave influnces. 16. RAVE

Raves have become one of the most dominating subcultures in Cape Town which attracts tens of thousand of tourists each year. It has the ability of generating temporary communities within a controlled set period before it breaks down and elements such as technology are reconnected back to the city. 17. FASHION Clothing has the ability to fragment spaces of the city. The occupants of clothing began to replace the elevations of the city, acting as a form of facade which is turn sets the city into constant motion.

Rave Analysis 61

7. DRUGS - WEED Drugs have a dominating influence in the subcultures of cape town spreading from large scale Raves to leisure time smoke. Due to the large supplies of Durgs such as Meth (Tiki), Weed is seen as less damaging.

Drug Analysis 63

7. INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS 19 22 18

Behind the glamourous waterfront, Cape Town is informally developed with dominating sections of informal settlements. Mixed with public housing, it began to consume the formal gentrification by situating its territories with markings of graffiti. 19. â&#x20AC;&#x153;WEST SIDE, THUG LIFEâ&#x20AC;? An example of Mural Graffiti used as a tool for marking gang turf. Its iconic representation of the Hard Living gang, identifying the property as part of Hard Living. 22. PROTEST IN MANENBERG. Due to a large amount of gangs and the constant turf wars, the government is reluctant to integrate formal gentrification into the area. Without support from the government, people take matters into their own hands, marching for the end of violence and crime.

Gang Analysis 65

9. GRAFFITI

Graffiti enables sections of the city to become conceptualised and redeemed as existing infrastructures and streets began to lose its significance

11. GRAFFITI - TAGS

Althugh often tags are seen as destructive vandalism, this style of graffiti in Cape Town can often relate to gang activity and communicate movements. Once it is done, he infrastructure instantly transforms and informally transfers its ownership to a specific gang. 12. GRAFFITI - MURALS (WOODSTOCK) Mural graffiti painted in Woodstock are often expressions of social reflection. It is often viewed in correlation with cultural, political or social issues and impacts. 14. GRAFFITI - MURAL (GANG) Graffiti becomes the tool which generates the idea of forced spatial fragmentation. They are used by gangs to claim territory, elaborating the voide spaces of the street which remains between the territories as it is transformed into a literal battlefield.

Graffiti Analysis 67

13. GRAFFITI - TATTOOS The tattoos act much like graffiti. It is a form of expression which not only marks the participant as gang territory, but at the same time redefines the spaces occupied and associated with the participant. 13

Tattoos Analysis 69

Conclusion

Cape Town’s development and gentrification is dependent on an established complex interconnected web of both formal and informal movements that are not easy to consider in parallel, neither can it be separated. Let us imagine each image as a facade that frames a scene. The social spheres are penetrated by outlying actors that have the potential and often influence these environments. The city pushes for gentrification against walls of ‘heritage’ graffiti holding it back, preserving territories of unsavory groups or simply historically iconic images visually memorialised in plain view. The urban development charter has even given special provisions to developers preserving existing buildings, a bonus as it were to encourage a mixed landscape of old and new. Gangs provide their own version of welfare, albeit at a high cost. These systems proliferate so abundantly partly due to the states inability to provide to these communities, and also to the gangs interest of increasing their territory and preservation of their workforce.

Conclusion 71

They brand them in their markings moving through the city as visual identifiers of territoriality. More fixed forms of territoriality are tags and graffiti. Although these are forms of repression, street art has a more soothing effect in its contribution to the street, they can even have the effect of transforming neighborhoods in the correct conditions either visually through murals or more spatially imbuing the building with preservation status.

Cape Town is in a constant struggle in finding and maintaining its identity while also trying to find its legs in the network of global cities. Our hypothesis hinges upon the claim that Cape Town is a city that is evolving in both streams and that they must be read and received in tandem.

Technology has also contributed not only on a local level providing levels of infrastructure to enable self sufficient autonomy, it has also helped to accelerate the spread of media and events from Cape Town to the rest of the world, the emergence of Die Antwoord in the international music scene through their aggressive, intense music videos to festivals and raves penetrating the world circuit with the world already familiar to the seminal image of autonomous excess that is ‘Burning Man’. The interconnectivity of technology has also generalised the format with recent iterations looking much like any other regardless of its location in the world.

Conclusion 73

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