WATER SUPPLY & DEMAND
Of all the water on Earth, only 3% is fresh, with the majority of that tiny amount either unavailable or polluted. This means that the entire human race relies on 0.5% of the Earth’s water to survive. By Chetan Mistry
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AFRICAN EXAMPLES OF
EFFICIENT WATER USE
ater is an unevenly distributed resource in Africa; Cameroon receives an average of 1 016 cm of rainfall yearly, while parts of Sudan get less than 2.5 mm. South Africa sits somewhere in the middle, yet even our uneven rainfall areas and dispersion zones make South Africa a water-stressed nation. Fortunately, there is a lot that can be done to improve water availability, while drawing on great examples from the rest of the continent. “Africa is a great place to study how we can manage water for the future. Just as with energy and technology, Africa's unique challenges also prompt us to leapfrog forward and create innovative solutions. African nations can look to each other to create better water conservation, and I believe that one day we will help the rest of the world do the same. Below are some examples showcasing how Africa is better managing water,” says Chetan Mistry, strategy and marketing manager: Xylem Africa.
Solar desalination
Desalination is the process of extracting fresh water from seawater. African nations are among the most prolific adopters of this technology. Egypt and Namibia are desalination leaders, especially when it comes to the use of solar desalination. Namibia introduced a containerised system in 2019 where every unit can produce 3 500 litres of water per hour from seawater without an external power source.
Drip and smart irrigation
Agriculture is the biggest consumer of water by sector, and many farmers rely on rainfall and spray irrigation to nourish their crops. These methods are very inefficient,
Chetan Mistry, strategy and marketing manager, Xylem Africa
prompting the growing use of drip irrigation. Namibian farmers are starting to use a combination of nuclear techniques and small-scale drip irrigation to water their fields. Drip irrigation is also becoming more common among farmers in Botswana and Egypt. Smart irrigation – the combination of irrigation technologies – is also gaining favour. Today, Namibia uses smart irrigation to grow blueberries, and Botswana’s green agriculture strategy leverages smart irrigation to reduce its farmers’ energy and water consumption.
Namibia is rolling out prepaid water meters to encourage better use and easier collection of utility fees. These are just four examples of how African nations with water shortages are preserving their most valuable resource. Working directly or through partners, Xylem Africa serves the African continent and helps nations select the best ways to ensure safe water for all.
Tourism
Water is essential to tourism, keeping visitors cool and refreshed, and sustaining the natural spots they want to experience. Botswana, in particular, appreciates this link and promotes it as state policy. Its largest wetland, the Okavango Delta, is an excellent example of this dynamic. But it can be seen across Botswana’s dams and wetlands. Egypt has also been aggressively cleaning the Nile River to help support tourism and create jobs.
Efficient metering
Modern civilisation is wasteful with water; even towns and cities’ metering and billing practices leave a lot of money on the table. Egypt has been getting some of that back as it pushes to modernise its water metering and wastewater systems. N OV E M BE R/ DE C E M B E R 2023
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