攸關參與式設計的倫理反思 20130309
陳汝吟
參與式設計 (Participatory Design, PD) 背景 • 通常涉及創造 (creation) 和觀察 (observation) • 超越傳統技術 / 知識的角色 (beyond conventional technical roles)
Internal collaborators Collaboration External collaborators
Precautions • 是否所有參與者對設計成果之貢獻， 將得以適當之方式被認知並獲回報？
—What kind of contribution is expected from each collaborator ？ —What kind of benefits you expect to receive, and how these will be shared fairly ？
參與式設計的倫理基礎 (1/2) Those who do a particular activ ity know most about how it gets do ne. 強調設計者與其他參與者相互學習 (mutual learning) 之重要性 建立分享式理解 (shared understandings) 涉入多元意見並平等對待其表達，以確保參與之活潑與開放
參與式設計的倫理基礎 (2/2) Working with participants to repr esent their own actions – both c urrent and desired future actions Recognizing that design will alway s be completed in use.
倫理議題 -working with users 1. 參與式設計的對象 ? “those who are younger or very old, female, of low status groups and/or poor, deprived, disabled and weak will tend to be left out unless care is taken to find them and bring them in” 反思： Is giving voice to marginalized people or people who inhabit residual categories a moral obligation of Participator y Designers?
倫理議題 -working with users 2. 如何與參與者共同進行設計 ? Sharing of responsibilities and trust buildi ng The need for ‘informed consent’( 知情同 意) - 計畫成果通常將開放 - 所涉之敏感議題 - 述及觀點與忠誠度若發生衝突時之掌握 - 涉及弱勢或虛弱之參與者
倫理議題 -working with users 3. 應如何呈現參與者及其成果 ? - Engage with users as co-producers of representation - Focus attention on parts of the work that may be invisible - Question grown practices of sorting and explore ‘residual categories’ (Star and Bowker 2007)
倫理議題 -working with users 4. 我們可以提供什麼予使用者 ? In PD we often receive more than we give. Taking responsibility in design - To foster mutual learning - Participation as a creative, joyful and reflective activity.
Participatory designers - This may require to get involved in the different political aspects of a community, e.g. Brereton and Buur (2008): ‘If the project is to grow, the next step potentially involves working out issues such as business models, public/priv ate ownership, open sourcing and location of other notice boards'.
倫理議題 -arising in use • 按一下以編輯母片文字樣式 以居家照護為例
• 第二層 • 第三層
- 何種照護設備放 置家中不致令人感 覺不舒服？ - 如何克服不同年 齡、教育程度的使 用者，對使用科技 之心理 / 技術障 礙？
• 第四層 • 第五層
關鍵問題的反思
-Volkmar Pipek
- 使用者是否真的有決定權 ? 何種呢？ - 設計之方法、工具或程序是否能體現並激勵參與者學習 之能力 ? - 設計之方法、工具或程序是否能引導設計者分析並建立 有助於參與者之興趣和態度 ? - 設計之方法、工具或程序，包括參與者評估，是否不僅 是『設計本身』，而是得以含括機會賦有 (opportunities for) 及參與程序 (process of participation)? - 設計之方法、工具或程序得以處理正當理由的損失 (justified loss) 或設計之改變 ?
結語
Human-Centred Design