Infinite Fields of Millet

Infinite Fields of Millet An Investigation into the Cosmic Distribution of Intelligent Life In this short article we examine the likelihood of intelligent species with highly developed technologies, “extraterrestrials,” occurring in widespread distributions of technocultural civilisations throughout the cosmos.

As a base-reference we may take account of the so-called Drake Equation which derives a set of probabilities for the emergence, simultaneous existence, inter-contact and intercommunication capabilities of intelligent species – these however span an uncertain and disappointing range of confidence from very small to large numbers.

The Drake Equation was originally devised by Dr. Frank Drake, professor Emeritus of Astronomy and Astrophysics at UCAL, in 1960. Its purpose was to quantify the number of extraterrestrial civilisations that humanity on Earth might come into contact with and to more closely quantify the uncertainties of these parameters.

Here not only will the Drake Equation not be repeated but neither its parameters nor a technical analysis of it will be discussed per se. This may appear abstruse - the reason however will become clear as the treatment here will be seen to fundamentally affect axiomatic assumptions which are quite transparently implicit, and unquestioned in the classical version of the Drake Equation, and as a conclusion, dismiss the validity of any interpretation based on it. These foundational assumptions will be analysed. Note that this does not specifically dismiss the alleged, or ascertainable validity of the Drake Equation's included parameters themselves - this is neither implied nor the intention. Instead, the perspective attained will be that the classical version of the Drake Equation is wholly invalid as it excludes fundamental considerations which are strongly felt to imply and derive acutely contrasting results to any possible spectrum of interpretations based on the equation. 1

Introduction The paradigmatic background in which the original Drake Equation was formalised takes into account axiomatic assumptions which are not explicitly stated in any original or later treatment of it - these axioma may confidently be restated as follows: 1. The ontological universe is regarded to be a continuum precipitously divided into two main subcontinua - one of non-living, “inorganic” matter-energy complexes, and another of organic, living matterenergy complexes which form a continuum of organicity in which life may reach advanced levels of complexity such as evident (among others) in the human species.

2. The capacity to perceive the existence of extraterrestrial intelligent species is based on the potential occurrence of ratifiable and repeatable events falling mainly into a single category: communications between our human species and such an extraterrestrially based species based specifically on, and limited to, electromagnetic propagation and exchange of information. It is to be noted that Emag. propagation of information is limited to lightspeed as its upper limit.

A. A tacit assumption of the classical Drake Equation strongly implies that communication systems based on Emag technology are specifically the only possible technical solution to inter-species communication on an inter-system basis. The term “inter-system” is here used in the sense of interstellar (or even intergalactic) planetary systems, assuming that the logical ecological home-base of an intelligent 1

For those interested in a full and extended technical treatment of the classical Drake Equation the Wikipedia article based on it is advised to be excellent.

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species will indeed be based within a habitable planet's biosphere – an assumption which in itself is axiomatic and has an anthropic bias. It may well be that such a local biosphere constraint may be exceeded in the technocultural evolution of an intelligent spacefaring species.

B. This assumption also implies that Emag-based communications are a logical first technological phase development in a spectrum of potential communication techniques and systems. Of necessity we have to take into account here interpretations of classical Maxwellian electrodynamics (by such as Poynting, Heaviside and Lorentz) which derive an entropic, asymmetrical model of the dipole as a source of non-transductively sourced energy, by itself. Notable here is the correction of this model by such as Thomas Bearden. We may well consider the possibility that in a different scientific modelling, an intelligent species may have discovered more advanced communication techniques before such STL-constrained techniques 2 as Emag-based ones, and developed such techniques to high levels of efficiency while discarding Emag propagation as too limited and in fact, primitive.

C. That Emag-based communications (e.g. radio, laser,) once discovered and implemented, will be the only technology for intelligent exchange of information - also that its implementation once adopted will be of a duration equal to the remaining lifetime of such an intelligent civilisation, and that it will not be exceeded in its technical capacities by other, more advanced communication techniques.

3. The Drake Equation specifically limits itself to a consideration of such intelligent communications being possible only in our local galaxy. Further, that its species-based discovery and its arising only in our local galaxy, is relevant. This assumption is most probably based on undeclared and transparently included assumptions of limitations of both STL Emag. information propagation, as well as STL-constrained physical transport and volitional translocation of members of a spacefaring species across cosmic distances. Note that the human species in its extremely local manned exploration of the Earth's lunar companion, and the acutely limited, unmanned, remote exploration of close intra-solar-system planets, does not come close to such a spacefaring definition. Nor, in the perspective that our species’ present technocultural phase totally lacks the technology to appreciably exceed these present limits does it appear even technically likely that we will ever qualify as such except in science-fiction scenarios. No Captain Kirk will be ordering a high Warp-Factor for a while yet. This is not a despondent prediction – on the contrary, it is expected that such technology will certainly be discovered – it is however this author’s stance that such technical arts will have to be based on a radically different category of scientific principle which is presently not relatable to existing scientific modelling, nor deductively extendable from it.

4. Taking also the foregoing points into account, the conventional equation further assumes that there is a spacetime correlation between, not just equivalent, correlatable or overlapping technological phases in potentially communicating civilisations, but also that there will then exist, during such a phase, those psychodynamic criteria in the minimum two species involved, which are conducive to commencing such communications. These factors are substantially complex - not only does there have to be an attitude of receptivity to perceive (acknowledge the existence of, to scientifically and metaphysically model, to cognitively formalise, emotionally process and socially disseminate, to officially confirm) a received commencement of such communication, but also a willingness, at a specific technocultural phase, to initiate a generally, or specifically species-targeted effort at establishing communications. Such potential receptivity and its reciprocal willingness to commence are dependent on a wide spectrum of socio-cultural factors within a civilisation that range from its metaphysical reality-modelling, economic conditions, social structure, through military strategic and ethical / ethological-humanitarian considerations.

5. These factors may severely constrain the reciprocally necessary potentials for such communication to actually begin. We further have to take into account here that members of a technologically advanced species who are mandated to commence contact and communication, may elect to selectively target only specific strata of a target society, ranging from individuals to sociocultural clusters such as organisations or specific governmental divisions. Notable here is that there exists a large body, admittedly mostly anecdotal evidence, of such contact already being active. I 6. It is to be noted that the conventional equation tacitly assumes that a window of opportunity for bidirectional communications exists when an equivalence-correspondence in technocultural evolutionary 2

Slower than Light, with lightspeed (c = 299 800 kms-1) as its upper limit, subluminal. Velocities greater than this are called FTL or superluminal.

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phases has been reached, without considering that the time-span of such a window may be acutely narrowed by strategically influential attitudinal inclinations towards such communication. Such inclinations may range from reluctant or xenophobic disinclination to legal protocol forbidding commencement or continuation of possible communications.

In the case of a pertinent overlap in technological capacity between two interstellar species there may also be techniques of monitorable, partially monitorable or unmonitorable, stealthy surveillance instituted where the degree of monitorability may be volitionally controllable. Again, there appears to be substantial evidence for phenomena which would evidence such capacities. Such “partial exposure” may be interpreted as accidental, which certainly appears the standard interpretation – it may however also be considered a deliberate part of a well-planned, strategic, incrementally accumulative schedule to allow familiarisation, with the goal of establishing non-confrontative contact. Which the case is, can only then be seen from some future retrospect. We cannot at this stage, even with strong evidence pointing towards the possibilities of both friendly and unfriendly motivation, confidently project such outcomes.

7. Spacetime coordinates of bodies in space (planets, satellites, stars, galaxies) may be seen separated in a range of distances ranging from light-minutes to light-years to gigaparsecs (1 LY = 9,4605 x 1012 km; 1Pc = 3,26 LY; 1GPc = 109 Pc ~ 1021 km). In terms of the classical Drake Equation we may see the arising of intelligent species as completely mutually isolated due to the relatively enormous distances between A) planetary neighbours within any one stellar (solar) system; B) between intragalactic (same galaxy) stellar systems and C) between intergalactic systems. The axiomatic implication is that the emergence of accumulatively sophisticated communication techniques will have to progressively conquer greater distances stepwise, instead of considering the possibility of a technique and technology which, bypassing stepwise spacetime “shells” of distance, achieves non-local, superluminal (transluminal) communication. 3 8. The Drake equation's statistical limits in its predictive capacity regarding the “number of communicable species,” vary from infinitesimal fractions with vanishing probability, to large numbers - the occurrence of limited, anecdotally reported contacts, even when these are reported by highly qualified professional personnel such as now run into the many hundreds, if not thousands, are not conclusively accepted as constituting unfalsifiable facts of contact and communication between intelligent species. The degree of mass-memetic consensus required for such unfalsifiability would appear to be dependent not so much on the numerical magnitude of contact phenomena, as they are on official, governmentally based confirmation of such contact. This has not occurred historically. Consequently, the large body of anecdotal evidence, including recorded instrumental measurements, radar-tracks, kinetic mechanical and electronic effects on surface craft and aircraft, film, video and photography, is generally still regarded as outside the province of scientifically proven evidence.

A Different Perspective Instead of the precipitous divide between organic and inorganic chemistry, between biotic, organic complexes and just “dead matter,” this scholastic view may be superseded by the perspective that the ontological universe (unum = one; vertere = to turn; literally the All turned into One, all that exists) is an unbroken continuum of organicity. II The famous quantum physicist David Bohm's view that “The electron in as much as it monitors and reacts to its environment, is doing what humans are doing” - what we may term “Bohmian Quantal Consciousness,” (BQC) goes a long way towards this more advanced view. The inductively derived axiom from this is that the entire ontological continuum, the continuum of cosmic organicity, is characterised by a primary, non-epiphenomenal (real) consciousness, that manifests itself in resonant energy-matter complexes capable of environmentally reactive self-reorganisation in progressive evolutionary tendency, such as recognised in anagenetic (slow, steady) cladogenetic (rapid and speciating) and punctuated equilibrium phases well evidenced in the biostratigraphic record.

The radioastronomical detection of far over a hundred heavy-molecular species (Hoyle and Wickramasinghe; NASA,) including polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs,) glycoaldehyde, the simplest sugar, as well as glycine, the simplest aminoacid, by their radiospectral signatures, especially around and within protostellar envelopes (molecular clouds) which are regarded as conducive to the emergence of primitive 3

Transluminal phase entanglement between subnuclear particles across cosmic distances has been conclusively proven to occur by such researchers as Alain Aspect and the Greenberger, Horne and Zeilinger (GHZ) team. See also, the EPR-experiment and Bell Inequalities (Bell Theorem.)

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organicity, proves conclusively that the emergence of “life” is not an isolated or rare event whatsoever – instead life emerges in matter-energy complexes on a cosmos-wide basis, and has the hallmark of a fundamental, primary cosmic mechanism. We may call this Universal Homeosynthesis – the principle that organic life develops similarly everywhere from a fundamental quantal ground in a common way, universally. In this regard, panspermia theories, which posit the distribution of organic simplexes on an interstellar basis, are supported by the incredible capacity for genetic self-repair by such microbial species as Micrococcus Radiophilus and Deinococcus Radiodurans after severe radiogenic damage, and thermophilic bacteria that thrive at temperatures of up to 306 degrees C. III Considering that these are terrestrial variants in our own biosphere that have adapted to local econiches, there may well be precursive non-terrestrial variants that have far greater panspermic capacity for temperature and radiation tolerance over long journeys.

We may note that the naïvely modelled origin of life in the medieval percept of abiogenesis 4 – the emergence of living forms (mostly seen as miniature versions of their full taxonomic maturity) from nonliving matter, simplistically models the concept of a continuum of organicity. The model is correct in its perception that living and “non-living” have a gradual, but subjectively appointed phase-boundary between them which relates them as polar percepts, with some mechanism of emergence operating between them, but incorrect in its lack of understanding of ontogenic development, fertilisation and embryogenesis. Further, this divisional phase boundary is a subjective allocation, its position subjectively shiftable and stretchable within an essentially unbroken continuum that is far more characterised by nonlinear organisational complexity. 5 The phase boundary is an abstract percept, subjectively (and scholastically) dependent on pertinently judged criteria which are seen as disjunct but “emergent from” another set of criteria. 6 Taking quantal consciousness into account, the capacity of ontological simplexes at any level of organisational (organic and organismic) complexity for reactive self-reorganisation, there is in fact nothing which is not conscious. A more pertinent question applying to accumulatively complex hierarchical integrations of ontological simplexes, is the allocation of entity-status. 7 As foundational axiom for this new paradigmatic perspective we may therefore accept that the ubiquitous extraterrestrial origin of life is no longer in the area of metaphysical speculation, scientific uncertainty or religionistically biased faith or doubt, but that it may be regarded as unfalsifiable fact. To illuminate the underlying rationale for this further, we may observe that the basic “stuff” of life is seen wherever we look in the observable cosmos, that this fundamental biochemistry in our own ecosphere and biosphere IV resulted in the evolutionary emergence of higher, hierarchical complexity in the continuum of organicity aided strongly by a mechanism of endosymbiosis, the preservation, genetic-organismic integration and evolution of viable genetic precedent, and culminates in the present phylogeny. On this basis we may claim that it would be exceedingly, vanishingly rare, for life not to develop to the same, and higher, more complex forms than the terrestrial and be limited in its emergence to one microscopic fleck within limitless multitudes of stellar and galactic systems. We might as well propose that it requires scientific proof that air is present all over our planet, that it may be absent in certain geographical areas, and that we cannot take its unbroken presence on the planetary surface for granted as scientific fact without exhaustive proof in all locations.

It is no doubt with this perspective in mind that the Fourth Century B.P. Greek philosopher Metrodorus of Chios asserts: “To suppose that Earth is the only populated world in infinite space is as absurd to believe that in an entire field sown with millet, only one grain will grow.”

Panspermia theories often avoid the necessary exploration of “irreducible origin” – the basic percept contained in them is that “life once started” will genetically seed interplanetary and interstellar space – without asking the question where that life’s primary origin lay. V For those who have managed to outgrow the infantilistic fairytale of instant creation of pairs of every taxon (usually allocated to around 4004 B.P.) this consideration escalates to the possibility of Earth’s phylogenetic diversity having originally 4 5 6 7

Or autogenesis Non-linearity implies that the aggregate functionality of a complex is greater than the reductionalistically analysed sum of its parts.

This falls within the research domain and theoretical modelling area of Complexity Theory (Formerly called Chaos Theory.)

This question and its treatment are beyond the scope here but fully treated in the author’s book “The Nature of Being,” 530 pages, 176 illustrations and photographs, 2 871 index entries.

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started at some specific spacetime node in a limitless cosmic matrix and spread from there – without the consideration that it could start anywhere and everywhere – where there is a sufficiently organised level of quantal integration to form the “ground” for higher organic ontogeny. As we now confidently know from radiospectral molecular signature analysis, as well as microscopic study of Carbonaceous Type-II Chondrites, VI the origin of life is cosmically ubiquitous and aeonically precedes terrestrial life. In order to bring some more focus on the concept of widespread local origins (seen as a limitless number of spacetime nodes, each located within protomolecular concentrations such as protostellar molecular clouds, we may use the term Indigenesis. 8 This places the accent more on locality (homegrown as it were) than on the panspermic concept of transport. We may then see Indigenesis and Panspermia as interrelated and complementary aspects of phylogeny, the one an accent of the other’s functionality.

Of necessity, panspermia is a stage potentially following on indigenesis. In June of 2008 an international team centered on the Department of Earth Science and Engineering at Imperial College London proved conclusively that the nucleobases uracil and xanthine, the evolutionary forerunners of DNA and RNA found in the carbonaceous Murchison meteorite, were of definite extraterrestrial (read panspermic, interstellar) origin and not due to terrestrial contamination. VII The indisputable proof lay in a known heavy isotope of carbon which could not have formed under terrestrial conditions but only in a suitable interstellar medium.

At this date, some 180 exoplanets have been discovered, and although the astronomical techniques have limited this mostly to locating gas-giants of several Jupiter sizes, several terrestrial planets of down to three Earth-sizes have been confirmed.

When we take into account the approximate number of galaxies in the monitorable universe to be 1011 and an average number of stars in a galaxy to be around 1010 we have 1022 extant stellar systems at present. 9 From empirical observation it appears a safe very low estimate to claim that at least 10% of these will have planetary systems, of those, 10% that have Earth-like planets with similar biospheres. VIII In order to expand the subset of biospheres habitable, not just by anthropoid species but also nonanthropoid organismic alien species, we may extend this safely by a factor of 5% although this does not significantly affect the magnitude. Admittedly these are estimates – we may however regard them as within a scientific arena and not utopian guesswork. We may further claim a 100% probability that intelligent life will develop on these eligible planets due to universal homeosynthesis coupled with cosmic panspermia. We might well call this universal homeosynthesis “The Chios Principle.” IX Roughly then, we estimate 1020 planetary systems in the monitorable universe to be eligible for intelligent life. The statistical basis for this implies a minimum of just one such planet per eligible solar system whereas in reality there may be several of these for a single parent star. X Instantly we are reminded of the Fermi Paradox, the main question of which is why then, if there is intelligent extraterrestrial life, and perhaps even universally common, do we not encounter and perceive its presence, symptoms, effects and phenomenology?

The answer lies in a combination of factors, mainly cosmological, phylogenetic, technical and psychosocial, that have already been touched on. A window for contact and communication does not open for intelligent life until a sufficiently developed technocultural phase has been reached - it is at this stage that the contact and communications may well be in advance of our own, leap beyond them in a short evolutionary phase, be unmonitorable, and be modulated by ethological-humanitarian considerations. The Fermi Paradox is effectively falsified by just one, single, highly reliable contact or observation report with multifactorial evidence. That such has already occurred appears incontrovertible. This also brings into perspective that there is a specific mandate on the part of governmental agencies to deny, dismiss and suppress such evidence. Taking into account the inclinations underlying such official studies as Project Blue Book, the Condon Report, and the earlier Hynek study, the official bias towards explaining away undeniable evidence of alien technoculture starkly contrasts with the enormous body of observations, the calibre, prestige and professional status of many witnesses such as military pilots, civilian pilots of passenger aircraft, aircrew, air traffic controllers, radar operators, engineers, ground personnel and military navy crew, apart from dedicated and professionally objective researchers.

8

Indigenesis, indigenic, from a fusion of “indigenous” and “genesis,” the former from Latin gignere = “to beget.” Also to distinguish the semantic meaning from endogenic and endogenous.

9 These estimates are supported by the Hubble Telescope’s Deep-Field Study measurements.

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A relevant factor is the duration of a high-technology phase for eligible species, implying of course also their taxonomic viability, the stable life-sustaining viability and resource abundance of their biosphere, and their psychosocial cohesion or intercultural harmonicity. Resource abundance in any advanced planetary society will show an exponential decline as its technoculture reaches maximum local utilisation efficiencies. XI All evidence points to the fact that our own species is rapidly reaching this phase, as well witnessed by the U.N.’s GEO-4 Report. Apart from technocultural evolution, when we project present equivalent terrestrially operational psychosocial parameters on such species, the factor of intercultural harmonicity perhaps does not appear very hopeful or efficacious...

Measurements of terrestrial intercultural conflict do however appear to show a decrease over the last few centuries, although some disturbing major polarisations presently seem in a developmental phase. XII Some of these have long precursive histories, often have a strong religionistic bias, and with social dynamics of both positive and negative feedback effecting the paradigmatic entrenchment of conflictive intercultural tenets, may yet elicit destructive, militaristic confrontation.

With regard to paradigmatic entrenchment of retardative tenets we may take into account the following observation by Thomas Berry, director of Fordham’s graduate program in the history of religions: “It's all a question of story. We are in trouble just now because we are in between stories. The Old Story - the account of how the world came to be and how we fit into it – sustained us for a long time. It shaped our emotional attitudes, provided us with life purpose, energized action, consecrated suffering, integrated knowledge, and guided education. We awoke in the morning and knew where we were. We could answer the questions of our children.

But now it is no longer functioning properly, and we have not yet learned the New Story.”

Lawrence Sullivan, director of the Harvard Center for the Study of World Religions observes: “Change won’t come without religions because they are the touchstone of people’s deepest motivations. Religious life and the Earth’s economy are organically related.”

This is the aeonically ancient human conundrum - the question of disparity between ontology and epistemology - the difference between objective and subjective reality, between the way things are, and their descriptions. Optimistically, we may view the several phases of mainly religionistically modulated irrationality as transitory in the psychosocial evolution of any intelligent species, hoping too, that the end of its virally endemic disease will soon be in sight for our own highly diffracted Human Family. 10 As “the touchstone of people's deepest motivations” - the fundamental attractor of all perception, interpretation of environmental-cosmic phenomenology, and behavioural inclination, skewed religionistic pareidolia and apophenia have been more destructive in our own social history than pandemic disease.

An important consideration which we may regard as a higher hierarchic analogue of panspermia is memetic propagation of precedent technocultural achievement and its relevant data. In an important sense we may see genetics, memetics and informatics as indivisibly related in referential transparency.

They are causally contiguous. The primary evolutionary driver for this hierarchy, the culminative result of which is an intelligent, technoculturally advanced species, is egonic consciousness and the physicalising manifestation of its intrinsic intentionality. Genetics, memetics and informatics become evident in an accumulative evolutionary hierarchy where each is a vital precedent for the development of the next. So we may see terrestrial genetics in a transpecies sense as having begun only a few hundred million years after the Hadean Period of crustal solidification and consolidation; memetics effectively starts in a proto-linguistic manner with biosemiotics, which we may readily observe in bacterial and protozoan communities, more evolved e.g. in the Figure 1 "Poison Arrow” of a Mollusc, a few mm long – example of a natural engineering marvel.

10 This serves as a condemnation of irrationality, not of religion, with the understanding that irrational aspects of the latter may be referred to as religionistic, and constituting religionism.

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dance of the bee, intercommunication between organelles in immune systems, and culminating in human semantisation (words for things and actions) and syntagmatisation (intentional phrasing.)

Memetic propagation of informatics is obviously related to a species’ technocultural evolution – but with the important corollary that it may well spread beyond its origins – and that it may well do so in a transpecies sense. We may see the local terrestrial equivalent, analogised primitively, in what we have learned of the whale and Bombardier beetle’s use of fluidics, XIII the butterfly wing’s use of optics, the bat and dolphin’s sonar and the gecko’s foot of molecular adhesion (See Figure 1.) The intercultural exchange of viable technical concept has to do with the handling, processing and directed application of energy – and this quest and its challenges are in common across the entire continuum of organicity from the simplest organic forms to the most complex. The implication of precedent, in the exploration of potential by the intrinsic intentionalities of consciousness, goes further: when we explore the microdomains of, for example, mineralogy, metallurgy, molecular biology or quantum chromodynamics with empirically oriented amplification and extension of our limited senses, we are in fact exploring what has been technically achieved by cosmic consciousness in the manifestation of its pluripotential capacities, the ability to physicalise its intrinsically unlimited spectrum of intentionality.

The Drake Equation’s parameter of “coincident phases of technological sophistication” is therefore a very limited grasp of a window of opportunity for memetic propagation. In reality, viable memes do not have to be lost but can communicate over enormous spans of space and time – especially when we do not impose a strong anthropic bias constraining communication technology to the conventional electromagnetic spectrum only.

This aspect, which we may term a colligospheric factor (colligare = to connect; spheres of connectivity) has a potentially enormous effect on rates of technocultural evolution – this may then act to bring about closer interspecies technical correlation and developmental synchronisation. Essentially, this may catalyse earlier commencement, longer-duration overlap and longer sustention of a mutually accessible window of contact opportunity which might otherwise never have existed.

A further consideration is that colligospheric connectivity does not have to be limited to a one-to-one interspecies basis, but may span a range from one-to-many through to many-to-many. In the earliest pretechnical phases of social evolution (e.g. with Hunter-Gatherer tribes like the !Kung or San or pre-colonial Amazonian Amerindians) viable memes are propagated orally, their later offloading and storage in technical means not only radically speeds up their dissemination (think of digital archiving and the Internet) but also makes their independent survival possible. This information survival may even exceed the taxonomic survival phase of the originating species.

If we presume accumulative synergy operating between these factors, then a conventionally estimated probability of zero percent memetic contact probability between say, a hundred widely distributed species over an extended period of several billion years, may instead increase to high levels of statistical confidence. A further factor which we should take into account is the projected taxonomic lifespan of a species, such as our own human one, in a consistently dynamic and evolving technocultural viability. historically, we have witnessed oscillatory devolution and evolution in large cultural clusters. Examples are the sad dissolution of the Greek Ionian Age, where the intellectual elite certainly knew the Earth to be a sphere and considered other such bodies orbiting their own Sun (instead of the mythical Ptolemeic geocentric idea,) with intelligent life on other worlds being common; also the Alexandrian apex of scientific and philosophical development, where for example, Theon came very close to developing the calculus. There is no intrinsic, unavoidable reason though, why a technocultural civilisation that has evolved a necessary psychospiritual maturity ensuring social cohesion, stability and harmonicity, cannot continuously develop in all aspects of their being: physiologically, cognitive-emotionally, socioculturally, technologically, towards higher levels of finer resolution in their capacities to handle, process and restructure energy and matter. In contrast with our recorded history, which witnesses statistically relevant social fragmentation, mutually confrontative and destructive dynamics, such an early phase may be evolved beyond to ensure the ongoing thriving of a species for millions of years. The tendency towards evolutionary harmonicity is intrinsic to all systems, where phases of dissonance may be seen as aiming towards greater harmonic resolution.

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Conclusions We can now begin to put together some of these insights and contrast them with ranges and uncertainties inherent in the conventional Drake Equation. We will see that the latter is a very rough and subjectively synthetic approximation, strongly based on normally transparent assumptions.

As we have seen, pre-technical cultures are mutually very effectively isolated by cosmological distance, the “space” function of spacetime, even though they may be contemporaneous.

Although we observe the effects of mass-extinctions such as occurred in the Cretaceous-Tertiary interphase XIV and have seen the extinction of hominine taxons such as Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon, it is also clear that evolutionary adaptation displays an enormous tenacity, tolerance to environmental challenge (with respect to nutritional resources, predation, meteorological conditions, diseases) and unstoppable drive towards increasingly adaptive sophistication. No single or combined set of ecological challenges has yet managed to render the Earth sterile of its most evolved forms of life. Evolutionary tendency has persisted and increasingly attained higher levels of sophistication in both sensomotor and cognitive processing capacity, despite all environmental challenges. Perhaps far more dangerous than these is a species’ potential for technologically mediated self-destruction: this appears to have a critical window of opportunity itself – one that it is a function of aggregate psychospiritual maturity.

We may well speculate upon the width of this window – epitomised by the Cold War phase of the fifties.

Before the development of nuclear ability, a species capacity for wholesale self-destruction is so constrained that we may see it as effectively absent. Both positive and negative feedback paths affect the potential escalation of conflict towards a nuclear stage. As terminal self-sacrifice and deliberate selfdestruction are both highly improbable, species extinction by nuclear means must be seen as the result of uncontrolled escalation, unmitigated overkill, synchronous mutual overreaction, or perhaps miscalculated pre-emptive strike. The modes and effectiveness of complementary feedback effects on conflict escalation are themselves a function of specific phases of societal / governmental structure and militaristic organisation. There cannot be much doubt that the massively coordinative technocultural effort required to become a spacefaring species will have to steer sociocultural development towards international harmonicity on its home planet – in this also diverting much activity and materiel from purely military application towards non-military technology. We may also see that initially effective stages and further convincing development in spacefaring capacity will have distinct effects on world-modelling, part of the “New Story,” and catalysing a psychospiritually mature insight that regards the underlying unity of terrestrial hominine species as a more important orientational focus than the destructive enactment of cultural / religionistic differences. Care of the planetary biosphere resources is then implicit.

We have in many ways come to transparently accept the millennia of internecine destruction marking “The Human Story” as “normal” without seeing that there is actually, in the ultimate sense, only a bipolar option – integration or disintegration. We may contrast these as consonant, harmonic integration and dissonant, destructive disintegration. In the daily challenges of individuals that option is not normally observed, does not normally become conscious and therefore a conscious orientation – a behavioural attractor – it is more a memetic development in society as an aggregate unit, much like crowd behaviour, it is a resonance effect operating on larger quantisations of individuals. Its analogue in quantum physics is the Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEQ) where, as it were, individual atoms lose their individuality and the cloud of individuals effectively becomes and behaves as a single individual. That singleness of consciousness has its own evolutionary tendency which we may also trace in the social evolution dynamics of Humankind. We may see this as intentional coherence, instead of a contrasting diffracted intentionality which marks much of our present social dynamics. 11 In general we may perceive that despite punctuated disintegration events the overall tendency is towards one of harmonic integration.

With regard to a future spacefaring capacity we are at present much in a phase analogised by the technological capacities of Captain Cook, Magellan and Columbus – out there lies Terra Incognita and although we may observe and map some of it, it is completely out of our physical reach. We are effectively limited to look and wonder. Without any doubt our chemical / nuclear / ion drive rocketry propulsion systems are hardly sufficient to explore even our own local solar system and the nearest star to us (Alpha Centauri at 4,2 LY) is effectively out of practically useful reach at subluminal velocities. To explore stellar systems in the nearest galactic neighbour, the Andromeda Galaxy at two-million LY, would 11

Coherence is an effect occurring in radiation phenomena such as laser-light where streams or clusters of particles are exactly in phase, simply: “behave the same way;” intentional coherence implies congruency or close correspondence in intentionality.

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take us a minimum of four million years for return electromagnetic signalling of local observations there, or around the same time that modern humans evolved from Australopithecines in many thousands of generations.

It is transparently clear that a true spacefaring capacity must be founded on scientific principle that quantum leaps beyond our present understanding and relies on the discovery of new principle. That such advanced technology has already been discovered terrestrially, or developed by some technique of interspecies contact and kept secret, is a moot point.

Our present propulsion technology relies on linear translation through spacetime with strong relativistic effects when reaching lightspeed – instead we may envisage a quantised translation which is more related to the concept of non-local superluminal phase entanglement in the Bohmian Implicate Domain. 12 Discussion of such propulsion technologies is outside the scope of this article. It is at this point that the vast body of “anecdotal” evidence related to observation and contact with extraterrestrials, much of it by professionals of high repute and qualified in their technical fields of observation and assessment, comes into play. Extraterrestrials are either here, or not here, it is a binary assessment, a “0” or “1” with no analog range of probabilities in between.

In this article we take the position that the assessment is confidently a “1” – the evidence is just too overwhelming, too consistent, too frequently observed, too widespread, to be due to anything except that which continues to be officially denied, denigrated, ignored and dismissed. We may well accept that such official dismissal by governmental agencies represents the “public stance” while there may also well be a very clear and definite “internal” understanding of the true position, with a well-defined system of protocols.

Accepting the facticity of extraterrestrial visits, observation and contact (the author has witnessed two separate UFO incidents, one of these an enormous “mother-ship” with many “daughter-disks,” with longduration observations and many witnesses in direct proximity and communication) not only completely changes the probabilities inherent in foundational assumptions of the Drake Equation, entirely dismisses the Fermi Paradox also, but radically alters our fundamental World-modelling with regard to the arising and evolution of cosmically distributed intelligence. XV In a pertinent way, the Fermi paradox is related to the Ostrich Syndrome – if we don’t look, then they’re not there. There is a further relation to paradigmatic intransigence – “It can’t be, because it isn’t.” Much surely, is dependent on where we look.

The almost unavoidable conclusion is that the causal chain of evolution leading from indigenic cosmic origins to panspermic seeding of precursive organicity, through phylogenetic diversity and its genetics, to informatics, leads to the widespread cosmic distribution of intelligent species that at a minimum are capable of traversing interstellar “distances” and very likely even intergalactic ones. We need to consider that although we have been here in evolving human form for some millions of years, cosmically speaking we are a young species.

This new look at the potentials of consciousness, in its evolution in highly sophisticated matter-energy complexes as manifest in the continuum of phylogenetic organicity, is a Bootstrap Theory – this is a vital concept to grasp. The fundamental premise in a system employing bootstrapping is one of positive feedback – any system, whether mechanical, hydraulic, electronic, magnetic, optical, chemical or logical where the system output parameter is fed-back to reinforce the input signal, utilises positive feedback another name for which is simply bootstrapping. 13 Some may recognise this as the very essence of paradigm! What is therefore implied is a necessary paradigm-shift, a quantum leap of cognitive processing and its resultant modelling.

Some may doubt whether positive feedback or bootstrapping techniques can possibly apply to formal logic analysis, deductive synthesis and didactic, syllogistic reasoning – forgetting that in a subtly camouflaged way, positive feedback is already contained in all posited premises purely on the basis that they are epistemological approximations to a more ultimate “objective” ontology which they conflate by various mechanisms. These mechanisms are partly due to sensoral bandwidths, which themselves may be partly 12

At velocities close to “c” the time-dilation effect becomes dominant leading to considerations of the “Twin Paradox.”

A Superluminal translation of physical objects through spacetime constitutes a violation of general relativistic principles.

13 From the idea of “lifting oneself up by your own bootstraps.” Bootstrapping techniques are widely used in the design and effective operation of technical systems, such as in electronics, optronics, etc.

Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 9 of 30

overcome by instrumental assistance; partly due also to neurological processing of fractal elements of perception and their cognitive-emotional processing. The aggregate effect of these processing modalities implies all of: deletion, distortion, substitution, conflation (misconfraction) of percept – selective and incorrectly rationalised reintegration of percepts. In a very important way that is not psycholinguistically naïve, when we say “That matrix is a chondrite” it depends exactly on what we specifically mean by “that,” “matrix,” “is,” “a” and “chondrite.” If we say “My name is John” we have exactly the same selfreinforcing feedbacks operating, many of them neurologically modelled and some of these further reinforced by memetic consensus which in itself displays evolutionary tendencies. 14 This phenomenology is normally totally transparent to the lay person. Ultimately all semantisation and lexemising is the encoding of Object-Processes and Action-Processes, understanding that these are polar perceptions in our cognitive processing too – ultimately all is process. In our epistemological approximations to more objective reality (the way things actually are) bootstrapping is implicit in the formation of unitary concepts. The conceptual evolution of language parallels the progressively finer resolution in worldmodelling – the result is cognitive processing in progressively condensed, unitary concepts.

In the logical format of a Bootstrap Theory exceeding a previous view, the mechanism is one of a higher instance of paradigm – the tenets entrenched in paradigm are cyclically referent and mutually reinforcing.

This is one pertinent reason why paradigm shift is so extraordinarily difficult to attain and catalyse in those stuck in a lower instance of reality-modelling. We may in this case usefully study the abolishment of slavery, a paradigm which was looked at as completely rational, ethical, and actually good for the enslaved prior to a new instance of reality-modelling.

In this Bootstrap Theory of cosmic intelligence distribution the same circular reference operates – the interpreted implications will be seen to warrant the primary input percepts – the half-cycle from premises to conclusions is completed by seeing the half-cycle heuristically proving the premises from the conclusions themselves.

What are the final implications of the input percepts we have addressed?

It may be best to list them points-wise as follows: 1. The physical universe consists of an unbroken continuum of organicity where primary ontological simplexes (quantal / subnuclear / nuclear / molecular) become reintegrated in hierarchically increasing evolutionary sophistication. From an initial state of Unified Field potentials it is the physicalisation of an undiffracted consciousness which quantises into individual entities occupying the equivalent of viable ecological niches throughout the continuum. In Complexity Theory (previously called “Chaos Theory”) this hierarchic reintegration and resulting non-linear synergy may be observed in cellular automata of the Wolfram-Langton Class IV-type.

2. The origins of organic life are cosmically ubiquitous and may be seen to evolve through phases of nucleosynthesis, moleculosynthesis, and organismic ontogeny towards the phylogenetic diversity in which our terrestrial fauna and flora represent a subset. XVI 3. This evolutionary tendency is a polar opposite to the Second Law of Thermodynamics in that it is Negentropic – displaying the organising ontogenic function of quantising consciousness. The equilibrium between entropic and negentropic processes is biased towards a dominant attractor analogised in Class IV Wolfram-Langton cellular entities. This is also represented in a processisomorphism that operated during diffracting quantisation from the Unified Field state in the excess of particles over anti-particles – this overcoming the mutual annihilation tendency which would otherwise have resulted in the limitations of a basic quantum flux of pair-creation and its instant energy-conversion, then incapable of being followed by a primary stage of nucleosynthesis. 15 4. The drive towards physicalisation of intentionality manifests itself in continual artefactual extension of sensomotor capacity. What began with Neolithic stone axes is now evolving towards quantum computing. This evolutionary sensomotor extension tends to ever greater complexity, effectiveness in the access to, garnering, handling, processing, and directed application of energies. We can see this as primary intentionality converting to secondary intentionality.

14 15

These tendencies are studied in diachronic linguistics.

A constant and continuing quark-antiquark annihilation.

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5. The causal chain operating via genetics, memetics and informatics operates on a cosmos-wide basis – the “Field of Millet.” The origin of complex organicity is not some single “accidental” point on some single, cosmically irrelevant planet. This causal chain is unavoidable and self-reinforcing in its evolutionary tendency.

6. This cosmic causal chain operates within a dynamic matrix that spans universal spacetime – a capably evolved informatics phase leaps beyond subluminal communication capacity in a timespan which is vanishingly short in geological time and very short in relation to a species’ technocultural development. This also implies that efforts such as SETI’s are essentially doomed to fruitlessness with a very high probability, in that technocultural “moments” of Emag-based communication systems are limited to extremely short time-spans and essentially do not propagate sufficiently beyond local system-domains to be detected at useful astronomical distances. 16 The potential overlap in congruent phases of Emag-based communications is minimised by the short duration of such phases in relation to an overall technologically advanced phase of a species. Any capably spacefaring species will have quickly realised that subluminal Emag-based communication is quite useless beyond a few Astronomical Units. 17 As an example, radio-control signals for remotely operated planetary surveyors such as we have sent to Mars take around twelve minutes to get there – far too long to stop one of them crashing into a precipice if it were not capable of self-monitoring of terrain. In contrast, one-way radio communication to Pluto at 5,91 billion km would take about five and a half hours – two-way communications, whether radio or laser-based would take around half a day to get an instantly sent answer back.

Essentially this is back to the stage where we signalled with flags before the invention of lighttowers. Sending an intelligence-encoded radio message into space hoping that it will be intercepted by an avid extraterrestrial radio ham is like committing a message in a bottle to the Pacific Ocean but even less probable in the fulfilment of its expectations. It remains to be said that from a technical point of view, classical radio communications may synchronously activate an incidental parallel mechanism such as a sub-space modulated carrier presently unknown to us, but with extremely limited efficiency – the present technological focus is not concentrated on utilising such a parallel mechanism by itself in exclusion. Although such communication may therefore have a non-local, superluminal aspect and be “overheard,” it may not be reacted to, and if reacted to, is not capable of being technically received or recognised.

7. As we may well detect from the foregoing arguments, analogising isomorphism in processes operates from the quantal domain upwards: quantisation, reintegration and distribution of precedent accomplishment in the processing of energies, achieves higher and higher instances of efficacy. In a higher isomorphic instance of panspermia, we may also project the possibility of advanced genetic seeding of suitable biospheres by an advanced spacefaring species, such as has been suggested by von Däniken. The human species has just entered a phase of genetic engineering where we have to seriously question the ethical aspects of a profound accountability and responsibility.

Clearly these questions are rabidly embroidered and interwoven with all sorts of totally obsolescent percept, as well as dangerously irresponsible adventurism, radical xenogenesis and ulterior commercial aims.

One of these has already created a precedent that is difficult to reverse: the patenting of living organisms by genetic engineering corporations. One case that strongly comes to mind is the development and patenting of so-called “terminator seed” by the giant Monsanto corporation, ostensibly for avoiding the possibility of an uncontrolled rampant genetic evolution in acutely unwanted genetic variants in the wild, but incidentally forcing farmers to purchase new seedstocks every season at huge commercial benefit to the parent company.

Projecting such tendency into the future, at some time entire intelligent taxons could be subject to patent and effective ownership which would transfer from owning themselves, or parts of themselves, to being lodged with the patent holder. Not only does that bring the philosophy of patenting into question but pertinently brings into focus what is meant by ownership of precedent and its attendant ethics.

16

To date, the most distant star probed directly for intelligent transmissions by SETI searches is still less than one percent of the distance across the galaxy. E-mag communication is also subject to the inverse-square law, implying rapid signal weakening.

17 One A.U. is the average distance between a planet and its solar parent – for the Earth this is roughly 150 million km.

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At present the first hybridisation experiments between human and non-human genetics are being pursued. Although these are in a very restricted and preliminary phase, the projected future outcome could well see the re-appearance of what Atlantean myth records as controlled populations of semi-human hybrids employed in less prestigious, routine tasking, or dangerous environments.

The accumulative offloading of our sensomotor burdens (physical action, computation, manipulation of matter and energy, data storage) to technological systems (computers, machines, instrumentation, digital archiving) holds the suggestion that progressive technological manmachine interfacing may also derive a naturally accepted tendency towards cyborg status. That such may be quite normal and advantageous needs to be considered.

13,7 BYBP – BIG BANG

4,6 BYBP – Solar Fusion

PRESENT PHYLOGENY

3,8 BYBP – Crustal Solidification 3 BYBP - Cyanobacteria 3B

18 MYBP - Proconsul PHYLOGENY

6 MYBP - Dryopithecus 2,5 MYBP – Earliest Tool Use

18 M PHYLOGENY

3 MYBP - Australopithecus 2 MYBP – Homo Erectus 0,2 MYBP – Homo Sapiens 0,2 M

6000 YBP –Architecture 6000

110 YBP – Electronics Age 110

100 YBP – Radio Comms.

65 YBP – Nuclear Age 40 YBP – Informatics Age

Figure 2 Major Evolutionary Phases

PRESENT

XVII

If, as in Figure 2, we were to represent the period from the Earth’s first crustal solidification to the present as a twenty-four hour clock, a full day, then modern Humankind (Homo sapiens) emerged just over four and a half seconds ago, and the start of the Informatics Age began one tenthousandth of a second ago.

Let us rescale this and take as a twenty-four hour clock the period ranging from our earliest primate forerunner to the present: then Homo sapiens emerged twenty-three and three-quarter hours after its early forerunners, and the Informatics Age began a tenth of a second ago.

Let us rescale this once more and take as a twenty-four hour clock the period ranging from the earliest evidence of tool-use to the present: then Homo sapiens emerged an hour and fifty-five Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 12 of 30

minutes ago, the Industrial Revolution occurred 8,6 seconds ago and the Informatics Age began just prior to the last second remaining in the day.

SPACE (parsecs)

If we take into account that our parent star has around seven billion years of useful life-sustaining radiation left before it turns into a Red Giant and engulfs several of the inner planets including Earth, then represent an informatics age, vastly extended by a hundred times its present duration, approximately in the centre of this solar lifespan, we would have a stellar life-line with an intelligence spot in the centre – the ratio being roughly that of a spot of 1mm diameter in the middle of a 3 km line. Let us for argument’s sake use this as very roughly representative of a typical technical civilisation and see some of these emerging in spacetime as in Figure 3.

Average Interstellar Distance

TIME (billions of years) Figure 3 Technical Civilisations in Spacetime Here we can see that few stellar-planetary systems with advanced informatics phases will be contemporaneous, as shown with the dotted lines, and these having a high probability of being widely separated by cosmic distances. None of these civilisations could communicate by conventional STL techniques. We may well presume that limited to electromagnetically based communications and STL-spacetime translation, interstellar species contact would not just have a vanishing probability of ever happening, but appears effectively ruled out completely.

SPACE

The critical input percept for the Bootstrap Theory is evidence of contact.

Average Interstellar Distance

TIME Figure 4 FTL Communication and Spacetime Translation If we account for our present body of local evidence of extraterrestrial presence by the only fitting and logical explanation, of FTL-spacetime translation, and impose that on the diagram together with memetic information survival and genetic steering of precursive indigenic phylogenies, the picture changes dramatically to a spacetime matrix with high probabilities of instant direct, and indirect contact as in Figure 4.

A further daring possibility is that superchronous (FTT or Faster than Time) spacetime translation is possible. XVIII Presently this is seen as coarsely violating the laws of causality – the idea for example, that one cannot go back in time and murder one’s own grandfather – in which case it Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 13 of 30

appears quite “logical” that you yourself would instantly disappear from time, spacetime, and will never have existed to perform the deed. Yet we may project a phenomenology we repeatedly encounter in the technological history of our species, in the application of a projective referential transparency, which offers distinct and rational optimism that FTT is possible.

Upon investigation we learn that the scientific exploration of “objective” reality at first empirically created several impassable and impenetrable boundaries, which in their subjective epistemological modelling decreed that any consideration of passing through them would constitute a violation of “The Laws.” At a later and more evolved instance of modelling we learn that “laws” represent consistent long-duration habits of the aggregate ontological matrix. So we discovered that the law predicting that elementary particles could not possibly penetrate an energy barrier if they clearly had insufficient energy to do so was easily “violated” by the quantum-mechanical tunnelling effect which is massively employed in present electronic systems, in e.g. tunnel diodes. We learned that the law forbidding heavier-than-air powered flight (on which a learned academic thesis was published just before the event) was daringly violated by the Wright Brothers at Kitty Hawk in 1903. We learned that wire-bound telegraphy was not the ultimate technological answer to communications and superseded it with radio, using the ionosphere as reflector, and fibre optics carrying millions of simultaneous two-way communication channels. We learned that the law forbidding faster-than-sound flight was violated successfully (and a bit by accident) by Chuck Yeager in a powered dive in WWII. XIX Supersonic flight is now as common as grass and we regard it as a military norm and no longer a violation of unbreakable law. We learned that fasterthan-light communication indeed occurs, in non-local, superluminal phase entanglement between particles as widely separated as the extent of the universe itself. The “laws of causality” certainly apply – just as all the other ones effectively did, before the metaphysical insight, reality-modelling and a corollary technological technique follow and successfully violate what was inviolable before.

SPACE

FTT activity, including FTT-communications and spacetime translation surely indicate the consequent occurrence of “impossible” events. Not only the superchronous patricide effect, but also the logical non-linear amplification of tiny precursive perturbations of an interrupted causal sequence that would occur in the passing of time: the superchronous killing of a butterfly in the Jurassic might just imply the later disappearance of an entire primate species, or the nonappearance of you, personally. Yet such “habit prediction” operates in a paradigmatic modelling of reality which we quite confidently know is but an instance of epistemology – concomitant with a specific phase of psychospiritual maturity of a species.

Average Interstellar Distance

TIME Figure 5 Superchronous Connectivity The Many-Worlds Theory which implies a splitting of spacetime continua, in fact the bifurcation of causal reference frames, models the possibility of FTT-effects successfully “violating” a lower set of reality-habits. Already in quantum dynamics do we begin to understand that “time” is itself a cause-effect relation and more a symptom of consciousness than an inviolable constant. In the quantal implicate domain (as contrasted with the explicate, physicalised domain) the past, present and future are one.

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If we grant a “future” technological development of FTT-travel, then the picture of Figure 4 changes even further, as in Figure 5.Here we need to understand that a piece of flat paper does not only not allow the diagrammatic representation of 3-D reality, let alone 4-D spacetime, but even less a spacetime continuum where an effective but “user-transparent” acausality appears to operate due to superchronous splitting of causal reference continua. The dotted spots representing technologically extant species indicate that their informatics phases, technological phases, even the emergence of their entire civilisation, may be radically altered or even not occur at all due to superchronous perturbation of their causal evolution. 18 There is some very enigmatic evidence that the complex technology to achieve such time travel already exists, not in our particular worldline but in a closely related causal continuum from where at least one visit has occurred. XX Of course, like the first description of elephants to a society that had never seen one, this meets with much ridicule.

The intrinsic biological (and psychospiritual) drive towards perpetuation of one’s own species is represented in the lower terrestrial phase of widespread colonisation – although this had its excesses, these would not have to be destructively evident in the intelligent genetic steering of a precursively primitive organicity on a planet in its early post-Hadean stage. This further accentuates universal homeosynthesis and may tend towards a recognisable common genomic component in cosmic anthropogenesis or anthropoigenesis. Much remains to be said here about the role of so-called “Junk DNA” which has conclusively been discovered to be Non-Junk, XXI but instead allows (somewhat mysteriously) an intrinsic epigenetic adaptation to operate which has far more Lamarckian than strictly Mendelian-Darwinian restrictions. We further need to take account of the possibility that such genetic steering may simply accelerate an anthropoigenesis which is a natural genomic development of universal homeosynthesis anyway: that is, wherever life reaches towards advanced complexity, it will tend towards the same morphological-functional physiology within wide limits. Much evidence exists for this in evolutionary mechanism where homologising solutions to common challenges are rampant between different species. Although such homology is not necessarily convergent towards hominine phylogeny it does point towards a probable commonality in the highest genomic instances of the evolution of intelligent species.

A bacterial flagella, a bird’s wing, and a fish’s fin all manifest the same underlying intentionality for linear translations though media of different viscosities and each require all of “CCC” – Command, Control and Communications. Quite remarkable evolutionary changes may occur in the anatomy, physiology and occupied econiche of a single taxon, including repeated exchanges such as an aquatic to a terrestrial and back to an aquatic habitat.

Figure 6 Indohyus - the true whale precursor; Blue Whale; Bottlenosed Dolphin

XXII

8. In a very non-scientific way, we may simplistically claim, but with effective evidence and much confidence that “They’re here, they’ve done it, it’s been done, been there, have the star-studded T-shirt.” The only way that interstellar and intergalactic navigation could have been accomplished is if the predominant set of the foregoing premises are true within quite narrow limits.

9. The fundamentally driving principle behind the causal chain from indigenic emergence of organicity through genetics, memetics and informatics, is quantising consciousness originating

18

That is, not emerge or be extant in a particular continual subdomain.

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from an undiffracted, singular, transpersonal Superconsciousness in self-exploration of intrinsically unlimited potential.

In many ways we may regard the evolutionary history of terrestrial phylogeny as the adventure of consciousness (and its “lower” forms of sentience and quantal consciousness) in “experimenting” with different modes and forms of physicalised intentionality. What we forget and dismiss too easily in an arrogant anthropocentrism, is the enormously fine-attuned and unique specialisation of each taxon.

Although no taxonomic convergence to closely congruent physiology and functional morphology occurs, is very improbable to occur, and is not evidenced in the biostratigraphic record, it is far from unreasonable to conjecture that the aggregate evolutionary matrix in any biosphere tends towards higher adaptive complexity in modes of energy-competition and specialisation where a dominant taxon will achieve superior intelligence in a synergistic ecological interdependence. XXIII The adaptive ecological specialisation between morphological functionality and its occupied econiche, and the latter’s relative energy-form abundances as limitations on the exploitation of evolutionary potential, do not have to be seen as forms of “blind” evolutionary stasis, projected taxonomic suicide, or “accidental” evolutionary divergence into constrained locales. Instead, they may also be seen as a form of synchronicity in the Jungian synchronistic sense – a correspondence and convergence of underlying intentionalities of different interdependent forms of consciousness in the same arena of exploration.

We see “technology” as the artefactual implementation of a more primary intentionality, and accordingly we may call this secondary intentionality – the physicalisation of the cognitive-emotionally processed intention to handle, direct, and apply energies in specific ways. In our human domain we see such technology as quite separated from consciousness, outside ourselves, as it, of course, physically is. What we easily forget is the intrinsic technology, the natural technology that we, as with each uniquely equipped species, are born and mature with. (For one unique case of natural technology see Endnote XIII) With referential transparency we may see universal ontogeny as the technology of consciousness.

As a prime example of such natural technological extension of consciousness into highly complex organic systems we may recognise just one such evolutionary accomplishment: nano-molecular motors constructed from the protein myosin which, apart from a wide spectrum of intra- and inter-cellular transport functions in all body-systems and sensory organs also allow the conversion of intentionality into movement via muscular action. XXIV Our perspective of this natural technology has transcended paradigm after paradigm. From Anaxagoras’ and Democritus’ “atomos” – the brilliantly conceived percept of the “indivisible fundamental quantum,” forerunner of our modern concept of the atom (which we then found to ramify into entire families of subnuclear particles) onwards. Thomson’s electrons, the relation of which to the atom as a whole he did not understand, and for the solution of which his pupil Ernest Rutherford won the Nobel Prize; Niels Bohr’s quantised orbits, giving us the understanding that an electron can occupy only uniquely specific orbits around its nucleus and transition from the one to the other by absorbing or emitting critically specific quanta of energy, the root of the phrase “quantum leap;” Thomson’s son George, and Erwin Schrödinger’s understanding that electrons behave more like waves than particles; David Bohm’s genial addition of the “Quantum Potential” term to the Schrödinger Equation which implies that a particle can monitor its extended environment via its wave-function and make a choice as to which path to follow – almost like paranormal remote viewing.

In these scientific and metaphysical explorations we have progressed from early Greek empiricism via Geocentrism and Heliocentrism, 19 through a finely-tuned Newtonian clockwork universe with reliably solid relations between all things and the confidence that it was just a question of patient mathematical treatment before we had a complete understanding of them; to Einsteinian Relativity where many of the absolutes turned into relatives; to Bohmian Quantal Consciousness which is beginning to see fundamental energy-matter resonance states as more a function of consciousness than just passively cold and dead atomic or chemical matter.

The technology of consciousness, that is, the technology that consciousness uses, is represented in only a micro-segment of its continuum by instrumentation, machinery and computational systems – its 19

But not yet to Galacticentrism and the ultimate Pancentrism – this phase of consciousness is perhaps still limited to a relatively small distribution of individuals. A somewhat less effective term for Pancentrism is Acentrism – the absence of a paradigmatic central reference.

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foundation lies in the quantisation of consciousness in the fundamental energy-matter resonance simplexes that originated from the primeval Unified Field State. XXV The continuum of organicity is an intrinsic part of this technology, the expression of physicalising consciousness in evolutionary sets of constrained intentionality. In this sense, not only humans, but each in all the limitless variety of things that exist in the cosmos is “true child” of the universe.

How far does the evolution of artefactual technology (in its conventional sense) evolve and stretch?

Despite the billions and millions of years, then the millennia and decades during which we can see an exponential explosion of discovery and inventiveness, it surely appears clear that as a psychosocial animal, the Human species is still extremely young, inexperienced, fragile, somewhat precariously unstable in its sense of unified mission, and very immature. There is certainly a long way to go yet and we must consider the probabilities that others have already arduously navigated the necessary cognitiveemotional terrain and achieved heights of sophistication we can hardly imagine.

The adventure of consciousness in exploring its potentials transitioned through a phase of dugout canoes through intercontinental, supersonic aviation, and has just stuck a timid toe outside its cradle to test the solidity of new “ground” out there. Our planetary cradle is being exploited and soiled beyond its designlimits. It is meant as an initial phase of species-nurture and to be exceeded. In the evidence we have at hand we may take comfort from the facticity that it has been done before and that we will find new comfort-zones beyond what used to be a flat-earth with an edge to fall off.

A New Phase of human adventure is about to begin – when we have the courage and determination, the psychospiritual maturity to drive our technocultural development towards it. This in itself will begin to cure the enormous and infinitely sad sociocultural differences, classism, poverties and starvation in our presently diffracted semi-tribal human family. We will then, perhaps for the first time, truly realise and understand the meaning of Unity in Diversity. After all, that is what true music consists of.

For a long time now, as long as conscious individuals have looked both inward and outwards, we have wondered at the sowing of the infinite fields, the how, the why, and its responsibilities. When we begin to realise that the physical universe is the materialised body of our collective consciousness and become accountably motivated to preserve, nurture and guide it, we may yet become responsible sowers of the limitless fields ourselves.

Frank Valentyn

Frank Valentyn cn=Frank Valentyn, o=Centaur Communication Systems, c=ZA 2008.06.17 10:38:40 +02'00' I am the author of this document Randburg

Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 17 of 30

Image Credits Figure 1 "Poison Arrow” of a Mollusc, a few mm long – example of a natural engineering marvel.

REM Labor, University of Basel Figure 2 Major Evolutionary Phases

Frank Valentyn

Figure 3 Technical Civilisations in Spacetime

Frank Valentyn

Figure 4 FTL Communication and Spacetime Translation

Frank Valentyn

Figure 5 Superchronous Connectivity

Frank Valentyn

Figure 6 Indohyus - the true whale precursor; Blue Whale Indohyus (48 MYBP) – “Nature” journal and BBC Science and Technology online pages - http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/7150627.stm “Blue Whale” Figure 6 –

Encarta Encyclopaedia, 2003, entry under “Whales;”

“Bottlenosed Dolphin” Figure 6 – Encarta Encyclopaedia, 2003, entry under “Dolphins.”

Figure 1 in Endnote XX Left: IBM 5100 http://www.old-computers.com/museum/computer.asp?st=1&c=795 Right IBM 370 Model 138 http://wb4huc.home.texas.net/ Figures 2 to 5 in Endnote XX

http://www.johntitor.com/

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Endnotes I

This field, reliably reported evidence by reputable, often highly qualified individuals and experts in technical fields who may be regarded as eligible observers such as military and civilian aviation personnel, pilots, air- and ground crew, radar operators, engineers etc, also contains many reports of simultaneous observations. This class of observation may be seen to perhaps constitute the most factual body of evidence. The latter falls mainly into three classes: 1.

2.

3.

Multiple witnesses in the same locality, of the same event.

Multiple witnesses of the same event, these located in (judged sufficiently) different localities.

Multiple witnesses of clearly (or with very high probability) the same phenomenon in sequential observations as the phenomenon moves across substantial tracts of terrain (inter-city, inter-state.)

Unfortunately this memetic domain, occasioned, one may conjecture, mainly by official denial, dismissal, and quite evident official suppression (witness Project “Blue Book,” the “Condon Report,” and even the early Hynek investigations) is also sadly contaminated with dilettantism and false reports due to exhibitionistic searching for attention-getting and grandeur. In the early stages of this “denial mission” the feedback from official sources effectively amounted to deliberate public disinformation (Witness the Roswell Case as prime example.)

The more professional aspects of this field of exploration and observation are now fortunately being brought to the public eye in the recently implemented initiatives of Project Disclosure (see link below) which is officially sanctioned by government and offers highly qualified observers, as listed earlier, to report their recorded observations and recollections of all classes of UFO phenomena in a formally recognised arena with media coverage.

Despite contamination there are literally thousands of reports of high calibre, marked by excellence of witnesses, their qualification and eligibility as observer, clarity and specific attention to technical detail. The observation rate of “good cases” runs perhaps at some dozen a week although under-reporting (non-reporting) is a considerable factor in cases where individuals, or multiple witnesses, suppress reporting in wanting to avoid publicity.

Some good online resources are available at: UFO-Sightings Statistics Display: http://www.larryhatch.net/STATMENU.html Aircraft-UFO Encounters Catalogue: http://www.project1947.com/acufoe.htm Estimates of Optical Power Output in Six Cases of Unexplained Aerial Objects: http://www.scientificexploration.org/jse/articles/ufo_reports/vallee_optical/toc.html Pilot UFO Sighting Reports: http://www.rense.com/general49/plt.htm Directory Radar-Visual Cases (RV) - UFO Evidence: http://www.ufoevidence.org/Cases/CaseView.asp?section=RV Lakenheath and Bentwaters RAF-USAF Radar-Visual Case, 1956 - UFO Evidence: http://www.ufoevidence.org/documents/doc632.htm The Disclosure Project: http://www.disclosureproject.org/ UFO Evidence Radar Cases: http://www.ufoevidence.org/topics/radarcases.htm Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF) mission: http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/TPF/tpf_what_is.cfm John Titor – Time Traveller: http://www.johntitor.com/ II

I have a basic gripe against cosmologists, cosmogonists and many other in the scientific fraternity who still insistently, and obsolescently, cling to the idea of the plural term “universes.” As I have explained in previous articles and comments - the etymological root of the word “Universe” consists of a collocation of “unum” meaning “single / one / all” and “versum” from “vertere” = “to turn into” - literally “The All turned into One.” Irrespective of universal, cosmological domains which may be spatiotemporally, dimensionally, or in some further way attributionally isolated from each other in their interactive dynamics, the TOTAL cosmological aggregate of these IS the single universe. Such mutually isolative domains (where the apparent isolation may be via apparently impenetrable phase-boundaries or phase transitions, dimensional, or other spatiotemporal attributionally identified dynamics or structure) are therefore more accurately termed universal subdomains. Useful further qualification of such (identified or identifiable) subdomains can be in terms of select morphological or dynamic attributes, such as partial dimensional overlap, dimensional-set overlap, or instead identifiable by their mutually exclusive dynamics or mophological structures instead of those common to them.

The plural term “universes” ALWAYS applies and refers essentially to such cosmological subdomains and should not be considered a legitimate lexeme in serious scientific epistemology. The acceptability of the conceptually inaccurate Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 19 of 30

plural should be considered only marginally allowable in sci-fi or magazine literature, or common parlance where doubtlessly the concept has not “clicked” in the available range of “Sentience Quotient.”

At a slight tangent, the term “money” in Bulgarian implies a plural: “Where 'are' the money, have you paid 'them'?” I keep on correcting my Bulgarian wife and dear spiritual companion about this clear grammatical error, almost to no avail, indubitably because the concept that “money is a plural entity” has so deeply settled in the memetic heritage of the language and its conceptual manifest. I explain that “money is like air - you can only speak of ‘air is’ and not ‘air are’ can’t you?”

III

Nature Journal (1987)

IV

The terms “ecosphere” and “biosphere” are usually regarded as synonymous; a finer resolution between them that often occurs in modern treatments is that the ecosphere is regarded as that volume of space around a parent star that is regarded capable of supporting life (such as dependent on radiation intensities, surface illuminance resulting in probable surface temperatures) and that the term biosphere refers to the habitable ecological sphere, including its terrestrial (land,) aquatic-marine and atmospheric aspects of a specific planet.

V

The import of this question may be missed at a first cursory glance. Theories reflecting on the origin of Earth’s fauna and flora often conjecture on extraterrestrial origins in the sense of some advanced alien intelligence “seeding” or genetically shaping the terrestrial phylogeny towards its present taxonomic distribution. A great number of (more popular) books are devoted to this question, the more serious investigations perhaps having been von Däniken’s series. These often revolve around themes such as the arrival of “little green men from Zeta Reticuli,” etc. Mostly then, it is however not asked where these intelligent aliens themselves came from! Although intelligent genetic steering of a phylogeny needs consideration (after all, we may in the future ourselves be in a position to do the same) it should be seen as a higher hierarchical instance of the natural origin of life and complex organicity. The early concept of abiogenesis, the emergence of life from “inanimate” matter, is in fact the conceptual imposition of a horizon – it constitutes a precipitous divide between what is (“could be” or “should be”) considered as living and not.

In a higher instance of perspective this divide may be seen as a subjective allocation. The emergence of techniques of living and the perpetuation of ontogenic precedent occur already in the quantal domain and are common throughout the entire ontological domain. So, sensitivity to “non-self” which constitutes sensitivity to environmental factors and stimuli, with a special accent (as an effect of attributional resonance) on sensitivity to other like “selves,” manifests as environmental reactivity to stimuli and a resulting self-reorganisation. Again, this already starts with Bohmian quantal consciousness, the ability of subnuclear particles and quanta to monitor and react to their environment. This effect, again, occurs throughout ontology from quanta through viruses and bacteria to the most advanced forms of intelligent life. So the emergence of genetic forms of species perpetuation (perpetuation of achieved precedent) is simply dependent on higher complexity organisations of the same quantal “stuff.” It is the consideration of the organising principle itself which became the arena for the quite antagonistic battle between the two polarly opposed groups of molecular geneticists and the embryologists, a fascinating story in itself. This is further explored in detail in the author’s book, “The Nature of Being,” 530 pages, 176 illustrations and photographs, 2871 index entries.

VI

Such as the Allende and Orgeuil carbonaceous type-II chondrites which have been shown to contain microcellular and bacteria-like inclusions. These have been the subject of a concerted disinformation campaign, claiming “unavoidable contamination,” mainly by religionistically oriented organisations and individuals with an ulterior mandate of desperately needing to disprove the very possibility of life arising anywhere but on this one local planet.

VII

Paper: “Extraterrestrial nucleobases in the Murchison meteorite”, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Sunday 15 June 2008 (Printed publication.)

A full copy of the research can be downloaded at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2008.03.026 VIII

Astronomers estimate that some fifty, or about half the planetary systems so far discovered in our galaxy could contain Earth-like worlds. Source: U.K. Open University Astronomer, Professor Barrie Jones resulting from modelling work at the UK's National Astronomy Meeting in Milton Keynes. This is more optimistic than a similar study led by Dr Kristen Menou, of Princeton University, U.S. in 2006 which found perhaps less than a quarter of the known extrasolar planetary systems likely to contain telluric (Earth-like) worlds.

IX

The Terrestrial Planet Finder Project is an initiative of NASA's JPL (Jet Propulsion Laboratory.)

It consists of a planned suite of two complementary observatories: a high resolution coronagraph operating at visible wavelengths, and an infared interferometer. The interferometer implements the concept of long-baselineinterferometry (such as the VLBA, Very Long Baseline Array, a grid of multiple radiotelescopes whose signals are combined and integrated by computer.) In the TRF;s case this consists of a set of independent receiver modules which will fly in formation and combine their signal output with that of the coronagraph located at a specifically controlled and very accurate distance between all modules. The high sensitivity resolution of this system combined Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 20 of 30

with revolutionary imaging technologies will allow TRF to locate, and measure the size, temperature and placement of planets as small as the Earth within the habitable zones of parent stars. TRF's spectroscopy will allow atmospheric chemists and biologists to to determine whether the detected relative amounts of carbon dioxide, water vapour, ozone and methane could, or may someday support life. Of course this analysis will have an anthropic bias in its analysis and other more direct methods may detect alternative symptomology of extant life forms.

The 2001 decadal review of astronomy and astrophysics, "Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium," prepared by the National Research Council, stated that: "The discovery of life on another planet is potentially one of the most important scientific advances of this century, let alone this decade, and it would have enormous philosophical implications." Accordingly NASA was tasked to proceed with the TRF mission but with the caveat that precursor missions should confirm the expectation that terrestrial planets are common around solar-type (around G-2 classification) stars. Also see next Endnote X X

So-called exoplanets may be detected by several methods: the gravitational “wobble” induced in the parent star (which in the case of multiple planets can be complex and require extensive analysis;) the cyclic optical occlusion of the parent star when a planet’s orbit passes directly in front of it, and gravitational lensing. Apart from gravitational lensing, these optical techniques cannot accurately resolve the size of planets smaller than several Jupiter masses at present. The only optical technique capable of resolving the presence of Earth-sized planets is the gravitational lensing technique – this relies on the fortuitous presence of a substantially massive object such as a galaxy, nebula, black hole or star being directly in the optical path between an observer and the target planetary system. The gravitational mass of the intermediate object optically amplifies (lensing) the image of the target system. In this way several smaller exoplanets comparable to the Earth’s mass have been detected. Systems with up to five planets have been discovered using these techniques.

The Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) observed the signature of a planet designated OGLE-2005-BLG390Lb, of about 5,5 Earth masses orbiting a star about 21 000 light years away in the Scorpius constellation. This planet is a so-called Telluric planet (rocky) and regarded as the first Earth-like exoplanet discovered.

Spectroscopic techniques also allow us to estimate some factors of the surface and atmospheric composition of such planets.

In February, 2004 alone, the Hubble Space Telescope discovered more than a hundred exoplanets in a seven day search limited to stars in our local galaxy, the Milky Way. (Analyst/observer Kailash Sahu of the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore.) Most of the planets so far found are within 300 LY of our solar system. (NASA, 2007) with the list presently standing at 270.

XI

According to the World-Wide Fund for Nature, UNEP, World Conservation monitoring Centre, Global Footprint Network (2004,) the human ecological footprint began to exceed the Earth’s biocapacity in 1985.

XII

Source: Harbam and Wallensteen (20007) – although international conflicts have shown a reducing tendency and appear stabilised at present (Dec. 2007,) intra-state conflicts increased from some 15 in 1946 to a peak of ~ 52 in the late eighties and early nineties to fall again to their present level of ~ 30. Inter-state conflicts at present appear vanishingly small in number. In this context also see the GEO-4 Report with extensive graphic analysis to the United Nations.

XIII

The bombardier Beetle utilises the Coanda Effect to deflect a defensive jet from posterior glands towards aggressors in front. The effect relies on the tendency of a stream of fluid to stay attached to a convex surface in a boundary layer (adhesive) attachment.

The beetle has developed some more impressive natural “technology.” The defensive spray jet has similarities to modern two-component propellants or explosives – its components are delivered on demand from two separate storage chambers, then mixed within an internal reaction chamber where a complex reaction involving some twentyseven organic compounds and catalysts react to heat the mixture which is then explosively (and audibly) emitted at temperatures of up to 100 degrees C. The beetle’s natural technology is not limited to only frontal defence, by the use of unique, steerable abdominal nozzling, it can also direct the hot chemical jet along special channels located laterally along its body, so as to spray antagonists at the left front, right front, left back and right back as well.

The effect is named after Romanian aerodynamicist Henri-Marie Coanda (1885-1972.)

XIV

This event is marked by the famous K-T Boundary - In 1980, a research team consisting of physicist Luis Alvarez (Nobel Prize-winner,) his son Walter Alvarez (geologist,) and chemists Frank Asaro and Helen Michels discovered that sedimentary layers found at the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary contain a concentration of iridium many times greater than normal all over the world (30 to 130 times the background concentration). Iridium is extremely rare in the earth's crustal composition, it is a siderophile (having an affinity for iron,) and therefore most of it accompanied the iron as this sank into the earth's core during the planet’s early gravitationally-driven fractionation. With iridium Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 21 of 30

remaining abundant on most asteroids and comets as determined by spectroanalysis, the Alvarez team strongly considered that an asteroid struck the earth at the time of the K–T boundary. Chondritic meteorites and asteroids typically have an iridium concentration of around 450 ppb (parts per billion) which is far greater than the Earth’s natural background concentration of 0,3 ppb at other crustal sedimentary horizons. This certainly supports the impact theory which is regarded as having contributed to the Saurian extinction.

Estimating the total amount of iridium at the K-T Boundary and assuming the natural iridium concentration-ratio as in asteroids, the Alvarez team calculated the impacting body to have a size of around ten km in diameter – equivalent to some 100-trillion tons of TNT. Such an energetic event could have resulted in “nuclear winter” conditions by injecting sulphuric acid aerosols into the stratosphere that would have taken up to ten years to dissipate, as well as causing global firestorms resulting from incendiary blast ejecta falling back to Earth.

Five mass extinctions are recognised to have occurred in the past 500 million years.The first occurred when more than 85 percent of the species on Earth became extinct in the Ordovician Period around 438 million years ago.The second occurred near the end of the Devonian Period 367 million years ago when 82 percent of all species were lost.

The third and certainly greatest mass extinction occurred 245 million years ago at the end of the Permian Period. In this extinction, as many as 96 percent of all species on Earth were lost. Near the end of the Triassic Period, about 208 million years ago, the fourth mass extinction saw the disappearance of 76 percent of the species alive at that time including many species of amphibians and reptiles. The most recent mass extinction occurred about 65 million years ago at the end of the Cretaceous Period, resulting in the loss of 76 percent of all species, most notably among these the dinosaurs. At present, most researchers agree that the planetary ecology is now faced with the most severe extinction threat since the disappearance of the dinosaurs. Of the estimated 10 to 13-million species presently on Earth, biologists estimate that up to 27 000 species are becoming extinct annually - this translates into an astounding extinction rate of three species every hour.

XV

This sighting (the second of the two mentioned) took place in September 1997 while travelling home from windsurfing on an inland lake in South Africa. The journey took us past the CSIR (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) buildings on the periphery of the city of Pretoria which we passed on our left. It was dusk and we were travelling in a Southerly direction home towards Johannesburg. My son (who is now a military instructor pilot and major in the air force) and my wife were present while I was driving, with my son sitting on my left. My attention was drawn to what appeared a very tall tower of stacked disks, this tower conically tapered towards the bottom disk, i.e. the diameter of the top disk was largest and bottom smallest. The time taken from first sighting to passing the tower orthogonally to our right was approximately five minutes at a driving speed of 120 km/h, resulting in a distance estimate of about 10 km.

Each disk was dimly glowing with a reddish evenly distributed light and its equatorial circumference contained several bright orange light sources, about six or seven of these visible on each disk. We mentioned the phenomenon to each other and began to discuss possible explanations. In order to test that this was not due to some internally reflective optical effect (I was reasonably convinced that it could not be, anyway, but wanted to be as objectively scientific in the observation as possible) I opened the driver's window and looked at the “tower” from outside - confirming that it was an external, “real” phenomenon - this was further supported by seeing our progressive approach to it and its growing apparent dimensions in our perspective. We observed that “disks” would periodically, at regular intervals, detach from the bottom of the tower and “fly,” move off, in different directions - some would take approximately parallel courses, others would vary radically in their relative direction to previous disks. Although we followed the flight of these departing disks in some direct, and thereafter peripheral vision, our primary attention stayed with the “tower”.

We observed somewhere between ten to fifteen disks depart this way but did not feel motivated to make an accurate count - continually we had to balance our sense of “reality” against what we were seeing and it was to say the least, an unsettling and surely disturbing phenomenon - it was not easily intellectually digestible.

Knowing that four parallel fingers of one hand at arm's reach span about ten degrees I measured the apparent height of the tower shortly after sighting at about thirty-five degrees at the estimated ten kilometers - resulting in an estimated height of 7 km - this result did not surprise me due to the enormity of the “tower” and the time taken to approach and pass it. The top disk easily spanned four parallel, vertically held fingers, which after some rough trig. works out to an estimated diameter of at least 1,7 km. The bottom disk of the “tower” was some ten degrees above ground, which would put it at 1,8 km altitude - and a resulting “total tower height of approximately 5,2 km. These are of course estimates but I would guarantee them as being within 20% of the true dimensions.

No unusual sound was heard that would have apparently emitted from the “tower” or individual disks during the entire event.

The orthogonal distance to our right as we passed the tower was difficult to judge due to the effect of it seeming to “float” and the near-to-medium foreground under the apparent position of the “tower” drifting in the opposite Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 22 of 30

direction of our travel underneath it. There was no clear relating landmark or beacon that I could later use as distance reference.

We mutually confirmed that we were seeing what we apparently were seeing - during this time the road was quite busy and we could tell from sideways glances, that the occupants of passing cars, and those we passed, were also all looking, and some pointing to the phenomenon - this, believe it or not, was an important objective confirmation to us.

I reported this sighting the next day to personnel at the Johannesburg Planetarium (some of whom I knew personally, having done a course in Astronomy and also having bought a 4” Newtonian reflector telescope from them years earlier) There was little and if any, skeptical interest - further, I did not hear of any follow up, either privately or via the media. I am not interested in publicity at all - but think that responsible reporting and thorough follow-up investigation is vital in such cases. My personal opinion is that reporting subjects should be willing to voluntarily submit to polygraph testing with regard to the reported content of sightings - such not only to support the verity and facticity of their reports, but more importantly to support a body of reliable evidence. I would certainly be willing to submit to any verification supporting procedures.

In conclusion it may appear strange that we did not drastically slow our speed or even stop - this was however a high-speed freeway and stopping is not allowed except in emergency; further we wanted to remain in the right-hand lane, incidentally the fastest, as the “tower” was clearly going to pass on our right.

One emphatically expressed opinion that I will eternally remember being uttered as we passed the tower and we observed another disk departing was: “My God, it's a mothership and those are 'daughter-disks'...” Whether that sentiment was anywhere near an accurate assessment we may of course never know.

This report was submitted to UFO Casebook and appeared online.

XVI

“The discovery of a large number of gas-phase molecules as well as submicrometer-sized solid-state particles of various chemical compositions in the circumstellar envelopes of AGB stars (FV: Asymptotic Giant Branch – stars that have a degenerate Carbon-Oxygen core, very extended, dense, dusty stellar envelopes, and a high rate of mass-loss) has led to the realization that extensive molecular synthesis occurs during this brief phase of stellar evolution. These envelopes are expanding and have dynamical timescales of several thousand years only, providing the first definite indication that production of molecules and solids of high complexity can occur rapidly in the circumstellar environment.”

Sun Kwok (Nature 2004 430:985)

More than 120 complex molecular species have been discovered in circumstellar molecular clouds – for a full list see the author’s book, “The Nature of Being,” 530 pages, 176 images and photographs, 2 871 index entries.

XVII

BYBP = Billion (109) Years Before Present; MYBP = Million Years Before Present; TYBP = Thousand Years Before Present; YBP = Years Before Present.

1. The physical Universe is scientifically accepted to have begun from a singularity in a moment referred to as the Big Bang in a variant of its original conception called the Inflationary Model in which the expansion of the early universe was initially accelerated by many magnitudes until it slowed to its present rate. This model explains the isotropic uniformity of the presently monitorable universe. The expansion presently measured as the Recession Velocity was originally detected and later quantified by Edwin Hubble – the Hubble Constant is accepted to be 72 km/s/MPc. The astronomer Walter Baade accurised the initial Hubble estimate (which was hundreds of km/s/MPc) by partially resolving stars in our nearest galactic companion, the Andromeda Galaxy, and with this effectively doubling the known size of the observable universe.

Effectively this expansion of the universe means that every observer moves away from every other, and the further they are away from a “central” observer, the faster they move. This phenomenon manifests itself as the optical variant of the well-known Doppler Shift (the change in sound of a train’s claxon or siren, and engine sound, as it moves past a stationary observer.) Stars further away from an observer will therefore have the frequency of their light lowered towards the infrared, “Redshift,” by the stretching of wavefronts due to their recession velocity. Redshift is therefore an indication of the distance of cosmic bodies and some have been detected to be so far away by measurement of their redshift that we know their light to have been emitted at only about 6% of the age of the universe. Such light may still be reaching us even though the star which emitted it is no longer there and died billions of years ago. In contrast, stars may now be born whose light we will not see for millions or billions of years.

The initial state of the universe, the Unified Field State, represented extraordinarily high temperatures (energies) in the order of 1034 degrees Kelvin after which the universe started cooling down to its present Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature of 2,4 degrees K. In the Unified Field State, the now recognised individual natural forces, the gravitational force, strong and weak nuclear forces, and the electromagnetic force, were unified in a single Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 23 of 30

“superforce” from which they later froze out into the forces now known. Simultaneously, the enormously high radiation energies cooled to allow the emergence of subnuclear particles, quarks and hadrons, leptons, electrons and neutrinos from which the present nuclear particle family is formed. This phase of nucleosynthesis is followed by a later phase of moleculosynthesis and the arising of an entire continuum of greater organic complexity. Although the primeval state of the universe contained only hydrogen and Helium which began to be formed after the first second of existence, more complex elements, up to exotic transuranic elements are formed in stellar fusion processes and especially in some stars’ final moments, the titanic explosions known as supernovae.

2. Some millions of years prior to 4,6 MYBP the enormous protostellar gaseous cloud-body of Hydrogen and Helium (with traces of other elements inherited from earlier generations of stars) from which our Sun formed, collapsed inward gravitationally and began forming a single cohesive ball of condensing gas. The enormous gravitational condensation of the gases increased their pressure to levels where nuclear fusion processes could begin in the solar core at 4,6 MYBP and our Sun began to shine in the way we now know it. The Sun is approximately halfway through its life-cycle.

3. At 3,8 BYBP, 800 million years after the Sun’s fusion processes started, the gravitationally coalesced and bound materials of the proto-Earth which were in a compressed, molten state, cooled sufficiently for crustal solidification to begin – the solid surface of the planet. The initial chondrite (mainly a silicate-based material) from which the planet formed, fractionated gravitationally during its molten phase to form two distinctly different layers of the crust: Sial (Silicon-Aluminium based aggregates) forming the outer crust, such as of the continental masses, and Sima (mainly containing Silicon and Magnesium) forming the lower crust underlying the oceans and continents. The crust “floats” on a plastic layer, the aesthenosphere, under which the mantle, consisting of two layers, covers the core which consists mainly of molten iron. It is cyclic convection currents in the metallic core that generate the Earth’s magnetic field.

4. At 3 BYBP, only some 0,8 billion years after crustal solidification, the first evidence of Cyanobacteria is found – formerly known as Blue-green Algae – these are among the simplest autotrophic organisms (self-sufficient, autonomous organic entities that can process nutrients directly from their environment or substrate without the mediation of other organisms). Their fossilised remains are now found as stony “algal mats” known as stromatolites – often at high elevations where they were lifted from ancient sea-bottoms to mountainous heights by tectonic plate movement, crustal folding and mountain-building processes. Although terrestrial phylogeny doubtlessly started earlier with precursive molecular-cellular complexes at the lower edge of the phylogenetic complexity range, we may accept this as an earliest instance of the commencement of the phase of terrestrial genetics.

5. Proconsul, at 18 MYBP, is the earliest recognisable primate forerunner of modern humans. Its taxonomic location in the phylogenetic tree places it as the common ancestor of Lesser and Greater Apes as well as Humans. HumanOrang-Utan speciation is calculated by empirical DNA-research to have occurred around 18 MYBP. The HumanChimpanzee-Gorilla (HCG) ancestral genome split into two for the Human-Chimpanzee (HC), and the Gorilla ancestor.

DNA analysis of 1,9 million base-pairs and another 0,25 million base pairs from X-chromosomes points to HCG speciation around 6 MYBP and HC speciation around two million years later at 4 MYBP. Completed speciation implies the impossibility of interbreeding and hybridization between taxons, no more gene-flow, which implies the end of a process that will have begun much earlier. For the HC speciation, this began on their common evolutionary line around 9 MYBP. 6. At 6 MYBP Dryopithecus, a 60 cm tree-dweller, is the first recognisable common precursor of the Lesser and Great Apes. Dryopithecus was a brachiator, physiologically optimised for swinging from branch to branch by the arms.

7. Australopithecus, at around 3 MYBP, eminently represented in the amazingly complete skeleton of “Lucy” found by Donald Johannsen in the Afar Region in Ethiopia, shows leg and pelvic features strongly characteristic of upright walking or bipedalism, contrasting with the typical “knuckle-walking” affected by apes.

8. The first Palaeolithic (Old Stone Age) evidence of tool-use arises at around 2,5 MYBP with primitively chipped stone tools such as hand-axes.

9. Although there are other hominine taxons in this range, Homo erectus (Upright Man) perhaps represents a landmark at 2 MYBP, a clearly human-appearing morphology, increased cranial volume, and an avid tool-user.

10. Homo sapiens sapiens (“Twice-clever” Human) arises around 200 000 years ago.

11. The earliest organised village architecture is found at Catal Hüyük (Çatalhöyük) in what is now Turkey, originating around 6 000 YBP and dating to 7 500 YBP for its lowest layers. An average population here was estimated at about five to eight-thousand people on the thirty-two acre site. Catal Hüyük was a farming community of some three hundred mud-brick homes which were joined together in a honeycomb-like “agglutinated” maze without streets or Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 24 of 30

footpaths between them. Openings in the roofs / ceilings were the only ventilation and offered the sole means of access via ladders in- and outside, effectively turning the rooftops into walkways and streets.

12. We may accept the discovery of the electron in 1897 by J.J. Thomson as the beginning of the Electronic Age, although the invention of the Diode and its development by Lee de Forest in 1906, the transistor by Bardeen and Brattain in 1948 are milestones in its early phases.

13. The beginning of the Nuclear Age is effectively marked by the first experimental nuclear explosion at Alamogordo in New Mexico in 1945. This marks the first true opportunity of the technological potential for total self-destruction of a species.

14. The Informatics Age may be said to have effectively begun with the invention of the Integrated Circuit (IC) – the basis of all modern microprocessors. The IC was first conceived by Geoffrey Drummer of the Royal Radar Establishment of the British Ministry of Defence. The first working prototypes were independently built by two scientists, Jack Kilby (1959) and Robert Noyce (1961.) Although there were important earlier computer developments such as ENIAC, modern computing such as MPP, Massively Parallel Processing, used in supercomputers such as the CRAY, would be impossible without the Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) of micro-components in modern ICs. Component densities are reaching towards a billion components in multiple interconnected layers per chip, with component features reaching into the nanotechnology domain at dimensions less than 100 nm (nanometres, 10-9 m or millionths of a mm). As of 2006, transistor component densities reached one million per square millimetre. Several major companies such as NEC, Intel, IBM and AMD are using 45 nm processes for CPU (Central Processing Unit) manufacture.

Moore’s Law, conceived in the 1960s, predicted that the number of transistors on a chip would double every eighteen months – since then this prediction has essentially come true. The physical limits reached in processes of photolithography, beam, and immersion lithography – the etching of semiconductor wafers to create basic component layout and dimensions, will reach final thresholds as we get closer and closer to the wavelengths of light, where “hazy uncertainties” begin to set in. New technologies presently in the experimental stage such as Quantum Computing, promise further miniaturisation, component densities and computation efficiencies that are many magnitudes greater than today’s fastest computers.

The cost of integrated circuits fell from around U.S $1000 per circuit (in 1960 dollars) for a SSI (Small Scale Integration) with only a few transistors (4-10) to around $25 each by 1963 (in 1963 dollars) where some MSI ICs are now often available for around a dollar or less depending on complexity and production vintage.

The Internet consists of a “network of networks” that began as the World-Wide Web (WWW,) started by CERN (Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire) the high-energy particle-physics research facility straddling the border between France and Switzerland. As such, the term Internet is actually a misnomer in its misuse for the World-Wide Web. Although the packet-switching protocols which were later to be used in the WWW’s Internet Protocols were first developed in the early 1960s for ARPANET, the first link of which was technically installed in November, 1969, the Internet network did not gain a public face until the 1990s. It is estimated that the Internet grew by a hundred percent per year in the 1990s and as of September 2007 there were 1,244 billion people using it according to measurement by the Internet World Stats organisation.

The communication functionality enabled by the massive inter-nodal networking that presently spans the planet by fibre-optical, telephone, cellphone technology, radio (Wi-Fi) and satellite links, including VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) functionality, much analogises a synaptic neural network between cerebral neurons. In this way we may see it as the analogue-physicalisation of a mental or cerebral network across the world.

XVIII

FTT, Faster than Time, is related to the idea that the present “moment,” of physical reality, that is, the 3dimensional space continuum, moves along the (D-4) temporal dimension much like a train moving forward all the time. Getting ahead of “the train” implies not only a causal uncoupling from the moving reference frame but being “faster” than time. The dynamics of time-travel violate the laws of causality as much as the dynamics of FTL communication are considered to violate fundamental “laws” of objective reality – although these violations appear similar they are of a different category. Minkovskian spacetime on which Special Relativity is based, the concept that space and time are unseverable, implies the percept that anything extending in space, the morphological boundary of which contains less than the number of typifying dimensions of extension in that continuum, exists only theoretically: the uncoupling of a space-related frame from a temporal dimension is therefore not considered plausible.

XIX

Although almost everyone knows that Yeager broke the sound-barrier officially in the Bell X-1 in October, 1947, he reports in his autobiography that he first encountered the effects of passing the barrier in a powered dive in a P-51 fighter when he experienced the reverse control effects of flight-control surfaces in the break-away of the boundary layer of air due to its detaching by the action of the passing shock-wave.

It is however also reliably reported that he was not the first human to break the forbidding barrier – in April, 1945, many witnesses on the ground heard the boom of an ME-262 German jet-fighter breaking the barrier, the pilot lost stick control, and the skin of the aircraft was warped in the event. It is unlikely, considering the contexts of the war, Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 25 of 30

that this achievement will ever be credited where it is due although there is an organisation attempting this correction of aviation history. American sources claim that in testing the ME-262 after the war they found that it would “break up” when approaching speeds close to the sound barrier. The ME-262 was the world’s first operational twin-engined jet fighter.

XX

This is the story of John Titor who, it appears from much circumstantial but un-disprovable and quite convincing, we may say seductively accurate evidence, visited our timeline during five months of 2000. We will not relate the whole series of events here and leave it up to the reader to investigate and judge for themselves. (See the link provided in the online resources in Endnote 1) Titor’s declared purpose was to collect an unusual, portable IBM 5100 computer from the 1975 timeline, its date of manufacture. This he would accomplish by travelling to Rochester, Minnesota at this target date to meet his grandfather, an engineer on the team charged with the development of the computer. His 2000 appearance was allegedly a midway point to visit family but also to warn of possible dangerous developments in this continuum’s timeline. Titor claimed that the 5100 was needed because of a technical feature that IBM had not declared upon its release and which would enable engineers in Titors home-time to solve a problem they had encountered.

Bob Dubke, second engineer on the IBM 5100 team in Rochester at that time, asserts that the “secret function” was his contribution to the computer’s design, and that IBM did not declare it upon its release as they were apprehensive of its possible misuse by competitors. The secret feature consisted of an interface between the machine’s ROM exterior and a 360-emulator hidden beneath it. Essentially this allowed the 5100 to perform or emulate the same functions as the multi-ton giants that IBM had developed in the late sixties. The symbol of a hook on the casing of the 5100 hinted at the machine’s capacity to run what Titor referred to as “Legacy code” and to retrieve desired operating instructions from this. (Note the development from SSI, MSI to VLSI ICs in the sixties, see Endnote XVII point 14) The machine cost up to U.S. $ 19 975 at the time of its manufacture. This was IBM’s smallest and first portable computer – at around 28 kg, it was no lightweight but the only machine capable of offering the same operating system as an IBM /370 line mainframe and emulating most of its functionality in a portable form. The machine was capable of translating APL and thus running APL programs. It was inherently capable of vector and matrix computation. APL was at this time only available on mainframe computers where large desktop computers such as the Wang 2200 or HP 9830 only offered BASIC. See Figures 1 - 5 below.

1.

Left: the IBM 5100 Portable Computer and Right: an IBM mainframe 370

During communication with several people online, Titor supplied the following images which show:

Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 26 of 30

2.

The schematic diagram from the operations manual of an army-model coupled-micro-singularity generator manufactured by General Electric in 2034, from 2036.

3.

A 3-D image of the generator copied from the manual. Next to it is its handheld control unit.

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4.

A photograph of the generator in place in the Ford that Titor used, not just while he was here, but allegedly as transport for his spatiotemporal transfer to come here. Note what appears to be a shotgun lying next to the driver’s seat.

5.

A photo of an effect of the generator in place and operating in their home timeline: the bending of a laser beam in the intense gravitational field generated by the interferential coupling of the contained microsingularities. The laser beam is visible in Titor’s partner’s cigar smoke during a training session.

This last image is perhaps the most convincing. It needs to be asked whether, if this series of events were deliberately constructed as a hoax, A) The composition of the photos would not have been more “professionally” arranged, e.g. the general mess in the truck in itself aids more to convince than to lead to a dismissal of the image’s authenticity. Of course, this could also have been deliberately so arranged in the foresight that it would be interpreted as more convincing. B) The first two images allegedly from the operations manual look typically like photocopies or scans of photocopies, if part of a deliberate hoax perhaps more “care” would have been taken in making these look as crisp and optically resolved as possible. An inspection of the technical complexity in the first schematic figure would lead almost any electronics professional (the author was principal of an electronics college for many years) to suspect its authenticity. The bending of a laser beam to the extent shown, in what appears to be the informal setting of its installation, would, as alternative location, only have been possible in a specially equipped high-energy laboratory.

In a comfortable familiarity with the equipment and its operation, the “cigar-test” would certainly be a quick-and-easy way to prove its operational integrity.

Sceptics have pointed out that a strong gravitational field should not only have affected the laser beam but also distorted the light-image of the car around it. This bears some conjecture. Firstly, substantial bending of the laser Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 28 of 30

beam appears to commence exactly at the car’s body perimeter, which assuredly would be a desirable effect if we were to design such a system even if this defeats scientific modelling completely. If the beam, or “beam” had been an optical fibre as sceptics allege, there would have been appreciable physical bending from its origin onwards, not the initially linear projection which is then followed by what appears an exponentially increasing curvature. If the “beam” had been a transparent plastic whip structure or similar material with the apparent physical diameter shown, it would appear to have been substantially too heavy to be supported only with the two fingers in the image. The diffusion of red light in nodal sections is typically an optical effect of illuminated smoke concentrations in an optical beam.

The apparent effect that the gravitational field begins at the vehicle’s perimeter would point out a deliberate design feature and perhaps be symptomatic of a “quantised field effect.” Gravity in our understanding does not work this way at all. Although that defeats present scientific modelling, this is certainly also true for the entire alleged design goal and operation of the system.

A film about the Titor case was made by Fast Track Productions, Producer / Director Scott Norwood, due for release in May, 2007 and based on five years of investigation by Cris McCarthy. The production met a hitch when most of McCarthy’s material and tapes were allegedly confiscated by the CIA and released only by order of the U.S. Supreme Court on the basis of a “fictionalised creation” clause.

XXI

Dr. Isidore Rigoutsos and colleagues from IBM's Thomas J Watson Research Center; Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal, 2006, resulting from investigation of Post-transcriptional-gene-silencing (PTGS)

XXII

Study leader Professor Hans Thewissen of the Department of Anatomy at Northeastern Ohio Universities, College of Medicine in Ohio, US reports “We've found the closest extinct relative to whales and it is closer than any living relative.”

Indohyus was a fox-sized, deer-like animal that lived 48 MYBP whose remains have been found in the Kashmir region of India. It is regarded as the long-sought land-based ancestor of porpoises, dolphins and whales. Evolutionary atavism, the retention of precursive anatomical-physiological features which were once fully functionally utilised in an earlier evolutionary phase, now in a mainly non-functional, modified or even miniaturised state, is evident in the whale which has pentadactyl (five-fingered) internal leg-hand and finger-bones. The hind-leg bones are completely body-internal and do not protrude in external appendages – they are completely non-functional and miniature with respect to the animal’s bulk. Such atavistic physiological features occur conspicuously in many species including Humans. Their occurrence is absolute evidence for evolutionary recapitulation of earlier developmental stages and a major migraine for creationists who regard it as a prime target for nail-biting attack. For expanded detail of evolutionary mechanisms, homology and atavism see the author’s book, “The Nature of Being,” 530 pages, 176 illustrations and photographs, 2 871 index entries.

We may note here that one index of intelligence, the ratio of cranial volume versus spinal length, is highest in Humans and followed closely by Dolphins as the second ranking intelligent species on our planet.

XXIII

Taxonomic convergence here is meant as two separate taxons evolving to the same morphological-functional physiology and ultimately becoming genetically congruent – although not completely impossible it has a vanishingly low probability.

XXIV

Motor proteins are proteins that use chemical energy to create movement, for example from ATP (Adenosine triphosphate). The range of movement-types that has been evolutionarily developed is surprisingly large, ranging from striated muscle contraction by the motor protein myosin II, to organelle transport, to endocytosis (bringing extracellular substances, e.g. nutrients into the cell via trans-membrane transport,) cytokinesis (the generation, building of different tissues,) cell migration and cytoskeletal support.

Myosins comprise a diverse protein family of 18 distinct classes, 37 different families, of which thirty occur as a superfamily of human myosins. Myosins occur in almost all eukaryotic organisms (those whose cells contain a true nucleus, as compared to prokaryotes.) The eighteen different classes are distinguished by their specific “tail” structure. A typical myosin consists of a head-and-tail construction of proteins, one side of which, a globularly shaped head, has an affinity for actin, a protein that is part of cell and tissue structure, and a rod-like tail which controls protein-protein interactions. Actin filaments form a major component of a cell's internal scaffolding. Apart from headand-tail myosins, double-headed myosins also occur. These proteins consist typically of an amino-terminal motor domain that binds to the actin track and catalyses nucleotide hydrolysis (the reaction used to harvest energy from ATP) and a carboxy-terminal tail region. This directs the motor domain to targets within the cell, so either binding the myosin's other end to a cargo that is to be transported around the cell or anchoring the myosin to a particular site.

Myosin II perhaps characterises the action of this molecular motor best. The motor-domain of Myosin II converts tiny structural molecular rearrangements at a catalytically controlled site into large power-strokes at the acting point, acting as a flexible lever-arm which transfers force to the object being moved. One head of a myosin can temporarily Fields of Millet Copyright © Frank Valentyn 2007 to Present; All Rights Reserved Page 29 of 30

bind to an actin-track many of which are fixed in cellular structure, while the other head swings along and clamps to the actin track at a further point, so “walking” along the filamentous track in 36nm steps. This action can be likened to the stepwise walking of a microscopic inchworm! A group of myosins can therefore be imagined to shuffle along behind each other in an orchestrated walking team. The dwell-time between steps has been determined to be dependent on the rate-limited release of ADP (Adenosine diphosphate) such that the motor must pause at this point in the cycle of hydrolytic breakdown of ATP to ADP. (Hydrolysis = a chemical reaction of a compound mediated by water, causing decomposition and the production of other compounds.) Single-headed myosins move nonprocessively and their power-stroke is smaller at 25nm - this complex makes a gentle cork-screw turn as it takes a helical path, making one complete turn around the actin filament for each monomer advanced. (A monomer is a simple, unjoined organic molecule that can join with other molecules to create long chains, i.e. polymers.) There is a definite, observed, left-handed bias to this movement.

As to the control and speed of orchestrated myosins, one only has to attend the performance of a Rachmaninov piano concerto to begin to understand the conversion of intentionality into movement...

The motor and tail appear to have evolved in synchrony (Richards, T. A. & Cavalier-Smith, T. Nature 436, 1113-1118; 2005.) Such highly evolutionarily conserved genetics have been identified in at least five major genomes ranging from flagellated protozoans through plants, plasmodium parasites (malaria,) amoebae, fungi and other dinoflagellates.

In humans, genetic dysfunction of myosins can lead to both syndromic and nonsyndromic genetic disorders. An example is the role of myosin VIIa in the pathogenesis of type 1B Usher syndrome. This causes simultaneous progressive deafness and blindness, typically in children of schoolgoing age, as sensorineural deafness and progressive retinitis pigmentosa. The disease genes encode proteins including myosin VIIa that interact with each other to organise and stabilise stereocilia within the hair cells of the inner cochlear ear. Recent data suggest that myosin VIIa mutations may also be involved with defects in opsin transport. (Opsins, such as Rhodopsin, are universally utilised in vision throughout the organismic continuum.) This shows that a genetic defect in one myosin can lead to complex, simultaneous symptomology at very different sites.

XXV

The author has developed a Lecture program and accompanying 260-slide PowerPoint presentation based on his thesis of CQD – Cosmogonic Quantisation Dynamics which is offered as a full-time, three day program.

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