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The Aquaculturist A regular look inside the aquaculture industry
May 2013
THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013 Additives biomin
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The Aquaculturists blog is an online offshoot of International Aquafeed magazine. While the bi-monthly magazine covers aquafeed issues in-depth, the Aquaculturists takes a lighter approach. Our columnists have a keen eye for the most interesting, relevant and (let’s face it) bizarre aquaculture stories from across the world. Each weekday we scour the internet for topnotch news and package it for your perusal in one neat daily digest.
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The Aquaculturists are also massive fans of industry events and shows and can often be found out on the road. Here they share stories (and photos) from their travels and, being unable to keep a secret, share details of upcoming events.
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But the Aquaculturists is your space too; feel free to comment and share your views.
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If you have any aquaculture news you think we should shout about, email Alice at alicen@ perendale.co.uk
01/05/13: Lobster aquaculture funding in Tasmania; US steelhead trout farms gets BAP status; Canadian election candidates share salmon farming opinions
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The University of Tasmania (UTAS), Australia is to receive a $5 million boost over five years to develop the aquaculture industry. Working with Darden Inc, JSA Consulting Engineers, Plastic Fabrications and the University of Aukland, New Zealand, UTAS will research the commercial development of rock lobster aquaculture and hope to mass produce lobster seed stock. Read more...
Pacific Seafood Group's steelhead trout farm on the Columbia River is the first US steelhead trout or salmon farm to achieve Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) certification. Operated by Pacific Seafood's Pacific Aquaculture division, the BAPcertified farm is located in Nespelem, Washington, on the Colville Nation, in northeastern Washington state. Pacific Seafood purchased the farm in 2008 but partners with the Colville Nation to operate it; most of the farm employees are members of the Colville Nation.
The farm produces more than 8 million pounds (3.63 million kilograms) of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) annually; the fish are raised in pens. The fish are marketed throughout North America, mostly fresh, to both retail and foodservice customers. Read more...
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Salmon farming. For or against? The Campbell Mirror, Canada asked candidates in upcoming provincial elections their opinions. Find out what they think. Read more...
Cause of EMS shrimp disease identified
The pathogen which causes early mortality syndrome (EMS), an emerging shrimp disease in Southeast Asia more technically known as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPNS), has been identified.
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
A research team led by Donald Lighter at the University of Arizona, found that EMS is caused by a bacterial agent, which is transmitted orally, colonises the shrimp gastrointestinal tract and produces a toxin that causes tissue destruction and dysfunction of the shrimp digestive organ known as the hepatopancreas. It does not affect humans. Research continues on the development of diagnostic tests for rapid detection of the EMS/AHPNS pathogen that will enable improved management of hatcheries and ponds, and help lead to a long-term solution for the disease. It will also enable a better evaluation of risks associated with importation of frozen shrimp or other products from countries affected by EMS. Since EMS was first reported in China in 2009, it has spread to Vietnam, Malaysia and Thailand, and now causes annual losses more than US$1 billion. EMS outbreaks typically occur within the first 30 days after stocking a newly prepared shrimp pond, and mortality can exceed 70 percent. Read more...
02/15/13: Nova Scotia reviews aquaculture rules; milkfish farming in Samoa; what is success in aquaculture?
The Nova Scotia government in Canada is reviewing its aquaculture rules and regulations with a budget of $300,000. During the review, applications for new marine-based aquaculture will be put on hold. However, this decision is largely symbolic as there is currently only one application is in the system. It is hoped that new rules will come into effect in 2014. Read more... Community-based milkfish farming in Tonga, Samoa is to get a boost from the FAO funding Technical Cooperation Programme. The US$231,000 project aims to develop commercially viable and environment-friendly milkfish farming systems in Nomuka Island and Tonga’tapu. The project will be executed by the Fisheries Department, Ministry of Agriculture & Food, Forests and Fisheries in Tonga in cooperation with FAO. Read more... What defines success in aquaculture? That's the question Farmer's Weekly, South Africa asks. This article looks at the small-scale farmers who produce enough fish to feed their local community and also larger commercial operations. Can both be defined as success stories? Read more...
03/05/13: Salmon special
The scientific community is divided over the threat of farmed salmon to the wild population. This article in the New York Times is a great introduction to the two main views. Biologist Alexandra Morton is one of the most vocal opponents to salmon farming. Morton argues that wild Pacific salmon are testing positive for a European strain of the virus that causes infectious salmon anemia (ISA). However, scientists and government testing groups in Canada and the United States have said repeatedly said that the risks to wild salmon are unclear. Read more here: http://www.adn.com/2013/05/02/2888359/scientistsdivided-over-threat.html#storylink=cpy Read more... We've tackled this question on the blog many times but, can salmon farming be sustainable? This is a huge question and it does with no simple answers. This article argues that closed inland systems get the sustainable nod of approval. What do you think? Read more... 4
THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
Three more quarters of public reports show the very low level of incidental catch at British Columbia, Canada salmon farms, highlighting our farmers’ work to eliminate this impact entirely.
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The amount of bycatch from BC’s farms averaged .014 per cent of the industry’s harvest over the first, second and third quarter of 2012. That number represents all incidental catch mortalities during harvests in that period. When including all incidental catch that was caught and live released, the average was .024 per cent. “Our farmers have made diligent efforts over many years to implement new practices and equipment that has brought this number so low,” said Mary Ellen Walling, Executive Director of the BCSFA. “This work is important to our ocean conservation goals – goals we know we share with the BC public.” The Department of Fisheries and Oceans, as part of the Pacific Aquaculture Regulations, releases quarterly incidental catch numbers for salmon aquaculture operations to the public. Quarter 2 of 2012 saw an increase in bycatch numbers because of depopulations that were ordered by the federal government due to an outbreak of IHN (Infectious Heaematopoietic Necrosis). With those incidents removed, the average incidental catch is .00975 per cent of harvest total. The BCSFA represents salmon farm companies and those who supply services and supplies to the industry. Salmon farming provides for 6,000 direct and indirect jobs while contributing $800-million to the provincial economy each year. More information...
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03/05/13: EU to revamp aquaculture laws; EMS update; aquaculture to control invasive species
The European Commission is to revamp aquaculture laws as part of changes to the Common Fisheries Policy. The Commission is taking an initiative to boost the economic performance of aquaculture in Europe. This is a timely proposal. At EU level, the gap between seafood consumption and production from wild fisheries keeps growing due to overfishing. This is what the slide above highlights. Moreover, the EU aquaculture industry is not growing as quickly as the gap. Quite to the contrary, production has been rather stagnating. In 2010 it represented representing 10 percent of EU consumption. If we can raise this percentage up to 1percent we can help creating 3,000 to 4,000 jobs. So, what are the challenges? What are the solutions? Each country will have its own national plan for aquaculture on the basis of which the founding will be proposed. What these plans are going to include? First, we see evidence from entrepreneurs having to wait up to 3 years to obtain a production licence. If aquaculture is to be competitive, we need to eliminate red tape - whilst maintaining our "state of the art" EU rules on environmental and consumer protection. For example, Denmark adopted a simplified "all in one" system to speed up approval procedures. Secondly, across Europe, different activities compete for access to space. In March of this year, the Commission tabled a proposal for a Directive on integrated spatial planning and coastal zones management. This initiative should allow all activities (like tourism and aquaculture), as well as their positive and negative impact, to be fully taken into account. Thirdly, aquaculture should become more competitive. We need diversification and a new species production. Also we need better coordination of the sector and a better knowledge on supply chain. Our new funding instrument can help on that, after a reform of our fisheries policy.
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Finally, being more competitive on the international scene also means exploiting our assets better. A key asset is quality, linked to the high standards which we decide to impose on ourselves here in Europe. Operators can explore new niche markets, like organic aquaculture. More broadly, the key here will be providing better information to the consumers on these EU qualities. Our proposals on labelling are currently being discussed between Council and Parliament in the framework of the reform . Beyond this, my intention is to engage in a promotion campaign in order to help producers highlight their local qualities.
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This is not an easy task, but filling the gap is an opportunity which we should not miss. Fish consumption is increasing dramatically, and rightly so. Fish is essential to our health. But we need a way out of the trap which is called overfishing. Aquaculture could become an important part of the solution, but it needs a boost. And we are giving it. This article on the Food Navigator examines the impact this could have on the food manufacturing industry. Improved aquaculture will have have a positive impact on the whole food supply chain if the quality of fish improves. Read more... The cause of early mortality syndrome (EMS), the disease which has caused great losses in parts of southeast Asia since 2009, was identified this week by researchers at the University of Arizona, USA. The FAO has released some more detailed information on the disease and, most importantly, ways to deal with it. Read more...
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We usually think of aquaculture as a way to provide food. However, a conference on controlling aquatic invasive species has identified with aquaculture as a potential method. At the International Conference on Aquatic Invasive Species in Niagara Falls, Ontario, Michigan State University Extension / Michigan Sea Grant Extension educator, Ron Kinnunen presented a paper in a session on Live Bait Pathway. Kinnunen and his coauthor of the paper, Jeff Gunderson (Minnesota Sea Grant), are both Seafood HACCP certified instructors, and used this programme to develop training materials to prevent the spread of aquatic invasive species (AIS) through baitfish and aquaculture operations. Read more...
07/05/13: Pesticides damage Scottish lochs; controversy over NZ aquaculture cash; cargo ships carry invasive species Pesticides from salmon farms have poisoned Scottish lochs, reports the Herald Scotland.
Twelve farms breached safety limits for pesticides, according to the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Sepa) which gathered data from 24 farms over a three-year period. The worst site was near a Marine Harvest farm in Loch Shell on the east of Lewis where levels of a pesticide called teflubenzuron were up to 455 times higher than Sepa's environmental quality standards in 2012. Sepa is now reviewing the operating licence for the Loch Shell fish farm with a view to imposing restrictions on the volume of pesticides, and the mass of salmon that can be kept in cages. Read more... New Zealand government funding for a research project designed to improve aquaculture has attracted criticism from from the Green Party. The Salmon Improvement Group, which is made up industry players, is due to receive $600,000 to investigate skeletal deformities in farmed salmon.
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
Steffan Browning, Green Party MP, argues that the main beneficiaries of the money will be the existing aquaculture industry. One of the members of the Salmon Improvement Group is the Tiong family of Malaysia, who are extensively involved in rainforest milling in Asia. The family also owns a 53 percent stake in King Salmon New Zealand, which dominates the New Zealand salmon industry. Browning has also raised concerns about overseas companies receiving a taxpayer money tackle aquaculture problems. "Overseas companies shouldn't receive a taxpayer handout to solve the problems caused by their unsustainable intensive fish farming methods," Browning said. The government has responded by saying that the funding is for a project and not a specific commercial entity. Read more... In the past we have reported on invasive species hitching rides on debris from the Japanese tsunami, today we learn that the cargo ships are also being used as public transport for marine life. A report published in the Ecology Journal Letter identifies Singapore, Hong Kong, and the Panama and Suez canals as hotspots for species invasion. Cooler climates like the North Sea are less likely to be troubled, unless ships come from similar waters such as the east coast of the US. Scientists from the UK and Germany have developed a model that might help curb these unwanted visitors. Using information from over 3 million journeys from 2007-2008, the model combines information such as shipping routes, ship sizes, temperatures and biogeography to come up with local forecasts of invasion probabilities. The full report available for download here but the BBC has published a succinct overview here.
08/05/13: Australian aquaculture zone sites; new farm in South Sioux City; advancing South Africa's abalone industry
The Department of Fisheries, Australia has narrowed down potential sites for a proposed aquaculture zone off the mid-west coast in Australia. In 2011, $1.85 million was allocated to creating zones for ocean fish farms, to meet the growing demand for finfish like pink snapper. The first phase of consultation looked at three possible sites for the zones - one north of Geraldton and two near the Abrolhos Islands. Now the department is working issues relating to nutrient pollution. Read more... A ceremony for a new fish farm site in South Sioux City, USA has taken place. The $1 million Cardinal Farms Aquaculture facility will have the capacity to raise up to 20,000 hybrid striped bass fingerlings at a time. Read more... Advancing South Africa's abalone industry. Poaching is a major threat to South Africa's abalone population but investment fund, Afri-Vie is attempting to tackle this problem with a range of sustainable abalone projects. Find out more about what's been done to protect this mollusc. Read more... Speaking of abalone, the Chinese government's recent frugality drive has forced deliciaices such as sea cucumber and abalone off the menus of some restaurants located close to ministry offices. Read more...
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
New! IAF article: The multifunctional dietary properties of spirulina and its use in aquaculture
The use of alternative feed ingredients in aquaculture is gaining increasing academic and commercial interest. This article by Dr SV Oamulapati and Prakesh Chandra Behera, PVS Group, India, examines the multifunctional dietary properties of spirulina. In commercial and high stocking density culture practices, feeding plays a significant role in fast growth and high yields. Aqua feed contains many ingredients in highly balanced nutritious components for enhancing the digestive mechanisms in fish and shrimp bodies. It leads to better body weights and health, optimum immunity and greater survival rates. Spirulina is a unique high quality natural diet with enriched optimum protein for fish and shrimp which is proven to be a suitable supplementary feed in aquaculture. Read the full article here.
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09/05/13: Alleged $100 m compensation for Canadian farmers; Morton takes DFO to court; concern over Asian grass carp in USA
The Atlantic Salmon Federation claims that open-pen salmon farmers in received more than $100 million in government compensation between 1996 and 2000 for having to destroy diseased fish. The federation has launched a media campaign which alleges that federal government and the provinces of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfoundland and Labrador gave taxpayer money to farmers after more than 10 million fish infected with infectious salmon anemia were destroyed. Read more... Biologist and anti-salmon farm campaigner, Alexandra Morton is taking the Canadian federal government to court for allegedly allowing farms to move infected fish to ocean pens. Morton claims the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) acted 'unlawfully' by issuing a licence to Marine Harvest Canada Inc. to allow the farm to transfer fish carrying piscine reovirus (PRV).
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The DFO has not commented as the matter is being dealt with in court. Read more... Concern is growing over the potential impact of Asian grass carp in US waterways after a 40-pond fish was caught by an angler in Grand River near Dunnville. Asian carp, which is native to China, was introduced to North America in the 1970s to control algae in Arkansas aquaculture ponds. Since then, the fish have spread throughout the Mississippi River watershed and advanced into the Great Lakes, dominating the natural habitat and forcing native species out. Read more...
10/05/13: Tilapia in Texas; novel uses for shrimp shells; Scottish Marine Award nominations
Tilapia is routinely called the chicken of the sea but on one farm in Texas, USA, this metaphor is a little closer to becoming a reality. East Texas Tilapia was once a chicken farm but is now home to a burgeoning tilapia farm. The decision to change species came after a decline in the broiler business across Texas. Rather than abandoning agriculture completely, the family-run business teamed up with other chicken farmers to start a new fish business. Read more...
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013 PELLET BINDERS
We've heard about using shrimp shells to ripen bananas now researchers at Nofima, Norway are investigating even more ways to use shrimp by-products. The organisation is taking part in an EU-funded project into 'active' packaging. Chitin and Chitosan from shells shells can be used in packaging to conserve food. What's more, the packaging is biodegradable, making it an eco-friendly alternative to plastic.
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Nofima's part of the two year project, which is being conducted with other European research facilities, equates to NOK 1 million in funding. Read more... Nominations for the Scottish Marine Awards have been announced. Nominees include Marine Harvest Scotland, the NAFC Marine Centre and Akva. More information... PLANTS
Novus WAS Internship Challenge
Novus International, Inc. is pleased to announce the sponsorship of the Novus World Aquaculture Society (WAS) Internship programme. Aquaculture has a bright future, as it represents the fastest growing animal production industry. Novus recognises the need for the industry to attract and educate talented individuals to become future aqua research scientists and nutritionists. This internship programme represents an investment by Novus into the future of the aquaculture industry. All eligible candidates are encouraged to apply. Health problems continue to challenge aquaculture development and expansion. Viral, bacterial, fungal or parasite infections whether from new emerging pathogens or well known diseases, often leave producers with few available treatment or prevention options and significant losses. To be considered for the internship please present a proposal that includes the following:
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• Choose a model disease and suggest an experiment aimed at testing a novel possible preventive or treatment solution. • Provide background literature review on the pathogen, pathogenesis, epidemiology and/or host pathogen interactions etc. as appropriate to support experimental designs and hypotheses. Proposal to be submitted by August 16, 2013 describing an innovative testable proposal in the area described above. Proposals should be limited to two to three typewritten pages plus references. A one-page CV of the candidate should be attached to the proposal. Applicant must be enrolled in a University MSc or PhD program at the time of application.
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The selection of the Novus intern will be announced at Asian-Pacific Aquaculture 2013 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A digital photograph of the intern will be needed for the announcement. Following the selection, the four-week internship will be scheduled from June to August, 2014. The intern will work with The Novus Aquaculture Research team on a current project being carried out at the Novus Aqua Research Center in Vietnam. Vietnam is the third largest aquaculture-producing country in the world. Our Novus Aqua Research Center is integrally connected to the aqua industry and will allow the intern to learn about and experience aquaculture in Vietnam through interactions with the Novus research and operations teams. The award will include: • Travel to and from Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam • Lodging in a university student dormitory in Vietnam during the internship
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013 Services (publications)
• $1,000 to help with living expenses in Vietnam Submit proposals by email to Lorraine Magney at Novus: Lorraine.magney@novusint.com
GLOBAL
International Aquafeed May/June 2013 online now
AQUACULTURE
The May/June 2013 issue of International Aquafeed is online now. Print subscribers will find a copy in the post soon but for now, you can view the whole magazine online for free.
NEWS www.global -aquaculture.com
13/05/13: Cost price tilapia feed for Trinidadian farmers; Scottish loch update; aerator to help shrimp production
The government in Trinidad and Tobago is offering tilapia producers feed at cost price in a bid to increase freshwater fish production. the country currently consumes 135 tonnes of tilapia a year but only produces 22 tonnes. The bulk of the imports are form China. Read more...
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Lat week we reported that fish farms have been linked to pollution in Scottish lochs. A Marine Harvest farm near Loch Shell was the site tested with teflubenzuron levels were up to 455 times higher than the Scottish Environment Protection Agency (Sepa) environmental quality standards in 2012. This article gives greater detail on Sepa tests and the possible sanctions against Marine Harvest which include Read more...
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The Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), the Philippines, hope sto incresae shrimp production fivefold by introducing a speciallydesigned aerator. Read more...
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They are what they eat - Enhancing the nutritional value of live feeds with microalgae by Eric C Henry PhD, research scientist, Reed Mariculture Inc., USA. Live feeds are proven to be essential first-feed for many larval fish, essentially all those that hatch from small eggs with limited yolk reserves and often immature feeding and digestive functions. Live feeds provide larval fish with essential nutrients that are naturally ‘microencapsulated’ in bite-sized packages. They include a high proportion of easily-assimilated free amino acids and free fatty acids, as well as digestive enzymes and beneficial bacterial microfloras in the gut contents of the prey. The swimming activity of live prey also stimulates feeding responses in larval fish, a vital concern because small larvae with very limited metabolic reserves can quickly starve if they do not promptly begin feeding actively. The natural live foods of such larvae are of course microplankton, both zooplankton and (although often not appreciated) phytoplankton. Natural zooplankton assemblages are often highly diverse and may include protozoa, rotifers, arroworms, microcrustaceans such as copepods, and eggs and larvae of nearly every group of marine animals including sponges, coelenterates, polychaetes, various crustaceans, mollusks, echinoderms, and even fish. This diverse array of prey organisms supplies multiple sources of essential nutrients. But it can be very difficult to obtain sufficient natural plankton to supply the needs of a hatchery, and natural plankton can introduce predators, parasites and pathogens. Hatcherycultured live feeds are therefore the only practical and safe feed for many larval fish. Click here to read the full article.
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
Event: Aquarama 2013 - two weeks to go
Aquarama 2013 is set for May 30 - June 2, 2013 in Sands Expo and Convention Center, Marina Bay Sands, Singapore. The Aquarama team has been working very hard with our industry stakeholders, committee and association partners to develop its best event yet. The team would like to share with you some of the exciting new opportunities at this month’s show. Trade Pre-Registration - Aquarama 2013 online trade pre-registration will close tomorrow (15 May, Wednesday). Kindly register online now, to avoid unnecessary long queue when you arrive onsite AQUARAMA. Click here for online registration. Don’t miss out on the opportunity to be a part of this best-in-class event! Hosted Buyer Programme – The new Aquarama Hosted Buyer Programme is still available for registration till 17 May, Friday. Benefit of the Hosted Buyer Programme includes 2 free nights Hotel accommodation at the Aquarama Official Hotel, invitations to the Opening Ceremony on day one morning, invitation to the popular Cocktail Reception in the evening of the first day as well as free shuttle bus service to and fro the Hotel and Exhibition site. The Hosted Buyer Programme allows and provides for ample opportunity to discuss business, negotiate deals as well as build and renew relationships. New/Star Products Showcase – There will be a special area at the exhibit floor solely for the display of the new and star products offered by the exhibiting companies, in the ornamental fish as well as the pet industry, showcasing their latest products and capabilities, making this area the must stop for searching out and finding the latest and most innovative products in the Ornamental Fish and Pet industries. Trade Seminars with Expert Speakers – The highly acclaimed FREE trade seminar’s Theme for this Aquarama is: Current Aquatics – Future Perspectives covering exciting facet of the ornamental fish industry. Split into three sessions throughout the two days, the seminar offers twelve tracks and will discuss and explore on the latest initiatives and development throughout the industry. Click here for the programme. International Fish Competition – The truly international fish competition with over 1,350 entries has been received over the course of less than two months. Due to the limited space and tanks, we had to turn down many entries with regret. Don't miss this spectacular biannual Fish Competition with 14 categories of fish and four types of tanks, namely the new Nano Marine Tank, Marine Tank, Freshwater Nano Tank and Freshwater Planted Tank. Aquarama Farm Visit - The ever popular farm visit slots have been snapped up, thanks to all your overwhelming enthusiasm! All registered farm visitors would have been sent a confirmation letter upon payment. Please bring this letter onsite on Sunday June 2, 2013 to ease the farm visit registration. As the coaches will be leaving the exhibition hall on time, we urge all attendees to come early for registration. We actually had two visitors chasing the coach in a taxi two years ago. Talk about excitement! We look forward to welcoming you to Singapore! Please feel free to reach out to any Aquarama team member for assistance in planning your visit to Aquarama 2013 - We are here to help! More information...
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
14/05/13: Sea cucumbers in Saudi Arabia; new FAO aquaculture website; aquaculture courses in NZ
After its success of raising shrimp, the National Prawn Company, Saudi Arabia, is diversifying into sea cucumbers (Holothuria Scabra). Raising the species in high saline water and a hot environment, has been a challenges, one that has taken three years of research to crack. However, the company is confident it can harvest 90 tons this year. Sea cucumbers are not well known in Saudi Arabia so the National Prawn Company is targeting markets in China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. Read more... FAO Aquaculture Services recently started the new website Aquaculture Feed and Fertilizer Resources Information System (AFFRIS). AFFRIS is intended to disseminate the global information on commercially important aquaculture feed and feed ingredients and nutritional profile of globally important selected aquaculture species.
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Its a very good website and provides information on 1. Species Profiles 2. Feed Resources Database 3. Publications 4. FAQ 5. Useful Links Take a look here. Nelson Marlborough Institute of Technology, New Zealand, is to offer aquaculture qualifications from next year. The new courses, which include aquaculture, fish management, and marine conservation, are part of the institution's continuing partnership with Lincoln University, the Cawthron Institute and the Nelson Regional Economic Development Agency. Read more...
New! IAF article: Interview with Peter Coutteau, Nutriad
In this issue we talk to Peter Coutteau, business unit manager aquaculture, Nutriad, Belgium about the increasing popularity of natural ingredients in aquafeeds and the challenges the aquaculture industry faces. The interview as it appears in the magazine is available here. However, I wanted to share the full interview which is below. Peter Coutteau was first introduced to aquaculture as an undergraduate at the University of Gent, Belgium in the 1980s. Since his career has spanned both the academic and business sides of the industry working at the Laboratory for Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center and the INVE group respectively. Following a restructuration of the INVE group in January 2009, all activities of INVE Aquaculture related to feedmill specialties and farm nutrition, including the support team, research activities, test centers and product lines of aquaculture additives, were incorporated into Nutriad, global supplier of specialty additives in aquaculture and agriculture. Coutteau set up Nutriad’s specialised business unit to further develop the feed additive business in aquaculture. Nutriad had been active in aquaculture since the very beginning but lacked a species-specific focus for aqua.
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What’s Nutriad’s philosophy or ethos? Nutriad’s mission is to design and deliver value adding products and solutions for partners in animal nutrition and health around the world. We want to cultivate trust and respect in each other, our customers, our business partners, our community and all our stakeholders. We aim to operate with the highest levels of integrity and strive for excellence in all we do. We are proud of our business and what it stands for; we are passionate about what we do. Natural ingredients and nature play a big role in your products and the promotion of the company. Why this emphasis? The use of natural alternatives to antibiotics and synthetic products is a growing trend in the feed industry. Our logo ‘Applying Nature’ can be found in the basics of most of our feed additives. The application of natural compounds derived from a variety of sources including yeasts, botanicals, peptides, and animal by-products is at the top of the agenda of our researchers in the different species. The list of activities we source from natural compounds includes bactericide action, digestive stimulation, immune-stimulation, anti-oxidants, anti- parasitics to name a few. We have discovered several innovative synergistic combinations of natural compounds which today are successfully applied to reduce the impact of diseases and parasites in the farming of fish and shrimp. Why/how are Nutriad additives ‘smart’? Additives are ‘smart’ when they are based on a solid understanding of market and customer needs. Also, they need to be designed through a creative approach to product development, which is combining fundamental knowledge, lab testing and field verification to reach a solution that is satisfactory in terms of efficacy but at the same time realistic in terms of time required to reach the solution and cost for the end-user. The result is an effective solution for animal nutrition and health challenges faced by our customers. We are not just suppliers of products, we work with customers to truly solve their problems. It is only like that that we can build a long lasting sustainable relation. Due to our global coverage we understand local environments and can combine that with global knowledge. Our customers benefit from these synergies. What are the biggest challenges aquaculture faces? As Nutriad covers all species, the differences in development stages of the industry become more clear. Aquaculture has grown at a staggering speed the past two decades with several species developing from scratch: salmon, penaeid shrimp, bass, bream, tilapia, pangasius. Aquaculture is a young industry, which in practice means that producers (and their suppliers) in most countries are in the transition between the first and the second generation. The global aquafeed sector is volume wise 25 times smaller than the agri-feed industry and at the same time enormously diverse in terms of species, formulations, culture intensity, climatological and cultural conditions. This results in a geographic fragmentation of the feed business which makes it much more challenging for an additive supplier to develop a global business. By contrast the live stock business is dominated by monogastrics, swine and poultry, with more commonly accepted farming practices around the world. The aqua business is much more dynamic than the agri business, and is facing still major challenges due to its recent and fast development. What about from a technical point of view? Reducing the impact of outbreaks of diseases and parasitic infestations on production efficiency is surely one of the biggest challenges, particularly under conditions where cost efficiency is calling for lower cost feeds and higher culture density in the farm. 16
THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
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Also, improving the sustainable use of marine ingredients will remain on the agenda till we need only minor percentages of fishmeal and fish oil anymore in the feed of carnivorous species of fish and shrimp. And for businesses? From a business perspective, aquaculture production of many species is still under full organisation and that affects all the stakeholders in the industry. The salmon industry is the most structured aqua industry in terms of legislation, organisation of the processing chain and export activity, transparency, health prevention and genetic programs. We are seeing similar developments in other major producing countries such as the shrimp industry in Thailand and pangasius in Vietnam but there is still a long way to go and a lot of aquaculture volume continues to be produced in less organised business environments. How is Nutriad responding to these various challenegs? The aquafeed market offers great opportunities for the development of innovative feed additives. There is still an enormous potential to reduce feed cost and improve health prevention through dietary supplements. The significant improvements in production efficiency and cost observed during field-testing of some of our digestibility enhancers and health promoting additives confirm this potential. However, this industry is fragmented over many different species and regions, each with their specific challenges and problems. Therefore, only companies that invest strongly in innovation and specialised customer support can play a significant role in the development of a more sustainable and profitable aquaculture industry. Innovation: At Nutriad, a multidisciplinary team of nutritionists, biologists, veterinarians and feed technologists focus on the specific development and optimal application of feed additives for various aquaculture species. Our innovation is powered by a continuous screening program to discover novel concepts in collaboration with external collaborative research at various universities and institutes around the globe. Selected products are further checked under our customer’s field conditions before market release. The competences of our scientists have led up to important innovations in aquaculture nutrition and health care. Specialised customer support: Our aqua unit counts with regional experts, people with over ten years of practical experience in aquafeed milling, who understand the specifics of the locally farmed species and develop application guidelines for our products adapted to the local conditions and feed formulations. We exchange these experiences from different species and culture conditions with our customers world-wide. This helps our customers to reach better profitability, sustainability and product quality for the consumer. Food safety is very important to everyone involved in the industry. How does Nutriad ensure the safest possible products? Food safety starts from the ingredient selection at the stage of product design. Every ingredient we use is carefully selected for quality and feed chain security. Nutriad is producing in different locations in Belgium, Spain, United Kingdom, United States and China. All manufacturing facilities operate to the highest quality standards and systems that are independently audited. We ensure full traceability and product integrity to our customers. Nutriad has invested the past year in a brand new production plant in the port of Antwerp, Belgium. Furthermore, the aquaculture specialty products are fully complying EU regulations and produced in a completely separate production line in Belgium.
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What new products is Nutriad working on? The product portfolio for aquaculture is focused on specialty additives developed through years of research under lab trials and field verification under production conditions in the field. Novel specialties offer solutions to key issues in the aquaculture feed industry, including AQUAGEST® (species specific digestibility enhancers to reduce feed cost and improve performance in different species of fish and shrimp), AQUABITE® (palatability enhancers and attractants), and a broad range of additives supporting the prevention of diseases and parasitic infections (SANACORE®, AQUASTIM®, APEX® AQUA). Nutriad is the first additive company to apply Quorum Sensing technology in practice to reduce pathogenicity of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture and livestock. Recently, Nutriad has launched new products with well-documented activities on the inhibition of quorum sensing of bacterial pathogens which result in significantly improved yields in aqua/agri production. What do you think the future of the company is? Our mission is to provide specialty solutions that meet the current and developing needs of the aquaculture industry. We will succeed by establishing partnerships with our customers and suppliers; by developing valuable, innovative products and systems with an emphasis on product quality, effectiveness and safety. In aquaculture, the challenges are diverse and complex. In the coming years, we plan to continue our expansion into all major aquaculture markets and broaden our innovation capabilities to tackle the problems of this very dynamic industry. Anything else you’d like to tell International Aquafeed readers about? Take care of your health, eat more fish and shrimp! More Information...
15/05/13: Silver nanotech filter stops fungus; farmed salmon and omega-3; Novus' new website A sliver coated nanotech filter could protect farmed fish from fungus, according to research carried out at Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.
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Colloidal silver is used to prevent the fungus Saprolengia in aquaculture. However, there are environmental concerns over the direct application on this colloidal nanoparticle. Researchers found that fish can get the benefits of colloidal silver indirectly when it is applied to instruments such as filters. The filter has been patented and more trials need to be conducted to ascertain how effectively the nanoparticles are absorbed. Read more... Farmed-raised salmon retains omega-3s when baked according to research conducted by the Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, USA. The benefits of eating omega-3 rich foods such as salmon are well-documented but the effect of the cooking process on the presence of these fatty acids is less well-known. Scientists baked Atlantic farmed salmon and tested the fatty acid composition. They found that baking does not affect omeda-3 and decreases harmful fatty acid oxidation products. Agricultural Research Service scientists at the Grand Forks [North Dakota] Human Nutrition Research Center (GFHNRC) conducted studies involving one popular U.S. farmed fish, Atlantic salmon. They wanted to learn more about the omega-3 fatty acids in the fish. Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-05-farm-raised-salmon-retainshealthy-omega-3s.html#jCp
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
Agricultural Research Service scientists at the Grand Forks [North Dakota] Human Nutrition Research Center (GFHNRC) conducted studies involving one popular U.S. farmed fish, Atlantic salmon. They wanted to learn more about the omega-3 fatty acids in the fish. Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-05-farm-raised-salmon-retainshealthy-omega-3s.html#jCp Read more... Novus International has launched a new website. The new site follows the Novus brand evolution that began in early 2012. Writing on the Novus website, Jim Gerardot, executive director, GANS Global Strategic Marketing for Novus, says this evolution better reflects Novus' focus on the pillars that really impact its customers, as well as the company's global vision to feed the world affordable, wholesome food. Check it out here. What do you think?
16/05/13: Vietnam helps Sri Lankan aquaculture plan; Aquaculture reform in Scotland and more...
Aquaculturists in Sri Lanka are working with experts from Vietnam in an aquaculture drive. A team from Vietnam's Research Institute for Aquaculture Number 3 began working with Sri Lanka's National Aquaculture Development Authority (NAQDA) this week. Starting with sea cucumber, seaweed and lobster, theteam will also help Sri Lanka devise an aquaculture masterplan. Aquaculture production in the country reached 2.9 million tonnes in 2011. However, with wild fish catches estimated to level out at, increased aquaculture production is one way to meet consumer demand. It is estimated that aquaculture production has the potential to reach 50 million tonnes by 2040. Read more... Aquaculture reform in Scotland in one step closer as the Sustainable Aquaculture and Fisheries bill passes through Stage 3 of the Parliamentary process. The bill aims to ensure that both farms and wild fisheries are effectively managed, maximising their contribution to sustainable economic growth with due regard to the wider marine environment. One of the changes in the bill is the introduction of 'good governance' obligations on Salmon Fishery Boards to improve transparency and accountability. The aquaculture, game and coarse angling sectors are worth £700 million and employs 8,000 people. Read more... News of an lower annual loss at Australian aquaculture company, Clean Seas, has prompted a 27 percent increase in share price. The company expects to report a loss of between $4 million and $6 million thanks to a strong kingfish performance and a 12 percent increase in farmgate pricing. This is around 60 percent better than the $15.3 million loss last year. Read more...
New! IAF article: Controlling mycotoxins with binders
Adrien Louyer of Olmix, talks us through trials of binders to control mycotoxins on pangasius in Vietnam. Read the full article here.
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FAO Globefish Commodity Update: Fishmeal and fish oil
The FAO has released its annual Globefish Commodity Update on fishmeal and fish oil. The report contains commodity information on prices, imports, exports and production by commodity. The information is taken from the network of Globefish correspondents and the Globefish European Price Report, INFOFISH Trade News, FAO FISHDAB, EUROSTAT and others. Fishmeal prices remained strong in the first part of 2013 as supply fell in the 2012. Total production fell by 35 percent between 2011 and 2012. The two main Latin American exporters, Peru and Chile, continued their dominance with Peru accounting for 82 percent of South American production. Elsewhere, Icelandic production rose significantly thanks to a rise in herring and mackerel catches. The average price of fish oil in the last quarter was US$2138. This was 43 percent higher than the average price in the last quarter of 2011. The growing demand for fish oil for both aquaculture and human consumption and a weak supply in 2012 mean that these high prices look set to continue into 2013.
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17/05/13: Salmon escapees found in Garnish River, Canada; aquaculture in Uganda and more... The department of fisheries and oceans (DFO), Canada has confirmed that salmon escapees from the Fortune River areas have been found in the Garnish River. The Salmonid Council of Newfoundland and Labrador has raised concerns that the fish could be a danger to wild Atlantic salmon population by spreading sea lice and inbreeding. However, the DFO has played down the issues, saying that tests on sample fish have not found any signs of sea lice or disease. Read more...
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Ugandan women are being urged to embrace fish farming as a way to ensure a consistent food supply and improve living conditions. The call came from United Nations Development Programme administrator, Helen Clark on a visit Uganda. The main source of fish in the country is Lake Victoria, however this resource is over fished and much of the fish is sold overseas. Fish farming could be a viable alternative to fishing. Read more... Getting permission for new aquaculture developments is a long and often fraught process. However, plans for an aquaculture park at Powell River, Townsite, Vancouver, Canada, are progressing well thanks to a fortunate set of circumstances. The proposal has the backing of both the local and federal government, a suitable site with a good power supply and nearby university research facilities.
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New! IAF article: Niacin in sustaining healthy growth and production
Simon Davies, International Aquafeed editor, puts pen to paper in this article on the the role of niacin in sustaining healthy growth and production.
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
In 1951 Dr John E Halver of the School of Fisheries Science, University of Washington, USA presented the ‘model semi-purified fish diet’ to the aquatic nutrition research community. This innovation allowed for the proliferation of deficiency studies with mainly salmonid fish such as rainbow trout and Pacific salmon to evaluate the significance of vitamins in complete diets for cultured fish. With such an ‘ideal’ diet, vitamins could easily be assayed by using this vitamin test diet, consisting of ‘vitamin free’ carbohydrate and protein sources i.e. casein, purified gelatin, potato starch, hydrogenated cotton seed oil, alpha-cellulose flour, minerals, cod liver oil, combined with crystalline vitamins. Each vitamin could then be systematically assessed by selective exclusion from this advanced basal diet formulation. The water soluble vitamins such as the B-complex and especially vitamin C (ascorbate) were all found to be essential in fish as in other terrestrial animals of commercial importance and indeed having the same basic functions as in humans. Read the full article.
20/05/13: WAS committee; urban aquaculture in Boston; mantis shrimp
The World Aquaculture Society 2013-2014 Committee Members have been finalised. Take a look at the website to see the Committee chairs and the members. More information... Urban agriculture, including aquaculture, has become so popular in Boston, USA that the city government has drafted a set of regulations for city farmers. The Boston Redevelopment Authority, the Office if Food Initiatives and the Urban Agriculture Rezoning Group have been working on the guidelines for over a year and now want public feed back. The section related to aquaculture include size and location of developments. Read more... A Monday morning treat for you: a comic about the mantis shrimp. It may look beautiful but be warned, this critter is deadly! Read more...
New! IAF article: Ultraviolet water disinfection for fish farms and hatcheries
Maintaining water quality is essential for any successful aquaculture operation. One way to treat water is recirculating aquaculture systems is with ultraviolet. Salim Mirza of Hanovia, United Kingdom talks us through this technology. Aquaculture is a growing and increasingly important industry in many parts of the world, including Scotland, Chile, Norway, Greece and Turkey. It helps to sustain economic growth in rural and coastal communities which are often isolated from the more developed and industrialised areas of these countries. Read the full article.
21/05/13: Scotland special
With the Scottish Aquaculture & Fisheries Bill reaching Stage 3 of the parliamentary process, we take a look at aquaculture in Scotland. UK supermarket Sainsbury's has admitted mislabelling farmed Scottish salmon. The admission comes after the Salmon and Trout (STA) made a complaint to the Advertising Standards Authority and Trading Standards over the provinance of Sainsbury's Taste the Difference range of salmon.
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013 Insta Pro International
The fish were labelled as being from “fast-flowing sea-water locations off the isles of Skye, Lewis and Uist”, but were in fact from Loch Fyne, on the Scottish mainland. Read more... More information on Sainsbury's salmon. Marine Harvest, Scotland is seeking ASC certification for its. The company has . However, the company is realistic about the time it will take for all its farms to reach ASC standards. Alan Sutherland, managing director, Marine Harvest, Scotland hopes all Marine Harvest Farms will be certified by 2020. Read more... Three researchers at the Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS) UHI have been recognised for their contribution to the University of the Highlands and Islands. Professors Angela Hatton, Keith Davidson and Kenneth Black have been awarded personal chairs (professorships) by the institution. Personal chairs are one of the highest professional accolades in academia. The university has also awarded the eminent Cambridge-based oceanographer, Michael Meredith, an honorary professorship. Read more...
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New! IAF article: Natural sources of cholesterol, phospholipids and proteins
In this article, Geert van der Velden, Carine van Vuure and Anke van Doremalen of Sonac BV look at sources of cholesterol for shrimp. Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing industries in food production. However, the future of this growth will depend largely on availability of raw materials and development of new nutrient sources from vegetable or animal origin. One of the essential nutrients for shrimp is cholesterol. Driven by the increasing scarcity of conventional sources of cholesterol, Sonac recently developed Phosterol. This hydrolyzed protein of animal origin is produced in accordance with all relevant EU regulations and is readily available from renewable natural sources. The uniqueness of Phosterol lies in the natural combination of cholesterol and phospholipids. This is backed by trials on shrimp that have shown a strong synergy between cholesterol and phospholipids, the two main components of Phosterol. Click to read the full article.
Event: Ninth Symposium of the World’s Chinese Scientists on Nutrition and Feeding of Finfish and Shellfish
The Ninth Symposium of the World’s Chinese Scientists on Nutrition and Feeding of Finfish and Shellfish (SWCSNFFS) will be held on November 12-16, 2013 in Xiamen, China. Since the first SWCSNFFS in Guangzhou (1992) organized by Professor Ding Lin of Sun Yat-Sen University and Dr. Jan-Lung Chuang of Taiwan, seven more symposiums have been subsequently held in Qingdao (1995), Shanghai (1998), Wuhan (2001), Zhuhai (2004), Qingdao (2006), Beijing (2008) and Chengdu (2011). The SWCSNFFS is the largest gathering for global Chinese aquaculture nutritionists, from academia to industry, and is one of the world’s leading communications platforms for discussion of updated achievements in aquatic animal nutrition and feed. SWCSNFFS has therefore gained the attention and interest of researchers worldwide. The development of aquaculture in China mirrors the development of the field worldwide. China’s aquaculture production accounts for more than 70 percent of the world’s production, largely attributable to the rapid development of aquatic animal nutrition and feed technology in China.
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THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
In 2011, aquafeed production in China reached 16.52 million tons, ranking first in the world. However, the use of formulated feed in China is still not widespread compared to its rapid aquaculture growth. China is a big country in aquatic feed production, but far from a power. It still lags behind the developed countries in the research and development of aquatic animal nutrition and feed technology. The aims of the SWCSNFFS, therefore, are to continually provide a platform to bridge the communication between academic and industry circles in order to accelerate the development of aquatic feed technology; strengthen the cooperation among industry, academy and research; and prompt the sustainable and healthy development of the aquatic feed industry. Xiamen, declared one of China’s first Special Economic Zones in the early 1980s, is an island city with a rich and dramatic history stemming from its heritage of being a trading centre and from its proximity to Taiwan. Xiamen is also an economic center in the West Coast of Taiwan Strait, as well as one of the 15 sub-provincial cities in China and a wellknown tourist port city in the Southeast coast. It has been described as a 'Garden of the Ocean'. The city has received many recognitions and awards, such as the Cleanest City of China, the Garden City of China, the National Environmental Protection Model City, and the Best Sightseeing City in China. Xiamen is also known for its temperate weather, fast and convenient transportation and communication channels, and excellent accommodations. More than ten million tourists are attracted to Xiamen every year for the enjoyment and appreciation of its culture and beauty every year. The 9th SWCSNFFS will be held at Xiamen. The theme of this symposium is 'low-carbon, high-efficiency, cooperation and innovation'. Furthermore, a Forum on Technology Cooperation and Mutual Benefit for Aquafeed Enterprises will take place during this symposium. The managers of prestigious international aquafeed enterprises, R&D project management experts, recognized scientists and scholars will be invited to discuss the emerging problems and hot issues facing the technical innovation of aquafeed enterprises. The 9th SWCSNFFS will provide a platform for all the participants to communicate and share their scientific research achievements, strengthening the cooperation of industry, academy and research. We look forward to the success of the 9th SWCSNFFS symposium. On behalf of the conference organising committee, we would like to invite you to attend the symposium. We welcome and greatly appreciate sponsorships from enterprises and governments. For more information email swcsnffs2013@163.com
22/05/13: Possible soy feed mill for aquaculture in Indiana; effective fisheries policies; calls for separate fisheries ministry in India The Indiana Soybean Alliance, USA (ISA) is investigating the possibility of creating a feed mill dedicated to producing fish feed to Indiana with the aim of creating a new market for Hoosier soybean farmers. The ISA, the state soybean checkoff organisation, received a Value-Added Producer Grant from the U.S. Department of Agriculture earlier this month to conduct a feasibility study on locating a feed mill focusing on aquaculture feeds in Indiana. "Our Hoosier soybean farmers are committed to helping grow our state’s soybean industry by supporting our state’s aquaculture industry," said Jeanette Merritt, chair of ISA’s aquaculture committee from Peru, Indiana. "Aquaculture is a promising and growing market for our soybeans and our board is committed to supporting this industry within the state as we continue to look to help build strong markets for our soybeans." Read more... 24
THE AQUACULTURIST | May 2013
A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (PNAS) has concluded that for fisheries policies to be effective they must consider research data on the patterns and dynamics of fish trade, markets and user consumption. The report argues that if world fish stocks are to contribute effectively to food and nutrition security in the developing world, the fisheries sector needs better governance and management. Read more... The Federation of Indian Fishery Industries, India (FIFI) has asked the Union Government to set up a separate ministry for fisheries. At present, fisheries fall under the of the Ministry of Agriculture but the FIFI argues that industry is suffering under this governance. Read more...
23/05/13: Scottish Sea Farms new site; halibut farm; walleye in Wisconsin Scottish Sea Farms has invested £2 million in a new site plus an additional £5 million working capital investment every two years spent with Scottish suppliers.
The company has received permission for a third site at Loch Kishorn which will become operational in 2014 with the first harvest the following year. The Kishorn site will produce approximately 2200 t of salmon destined for premium retailers in the UK, together with growing export markets in the US, China and Europe. Read more... Halibut is a not a species we feature often on this blog so I was really pleased to find this story about a halibut farm on Gigha, an island off the Mull of Kintyre, Scotland. The tanks and seawater pumps were originally intended for a salmon farm but now are home to 6,000 halibut. The farm can be classed as an aquaculture success story. Low stocking densities mean the vet and medicine bills and low. Smoked Gigha halibut was introduced to the market 18 months ago and has even made its way on to the menu at the Raymond Blanc's Le Manoir aux Quat'Saisons. However, quality fish comes at a price. At £12 a kilo, Gigha halibut is not cheap, though so far, consumers seems willing to pay more for a premium product. Read more...
Another unusual species features on the blog today: walleye. The governor of Wisconsin, USA, Scott Walker, has announced plans to increase the numbers of walleyes in the state by expanding production at state, private, and tribal fish hatcheries. Walleyes are the state's most popular game fish natural reproduction in lakes isn't keeping up with demand. The Wisconsin Walleye Initiative includes $8.2 million to expand hatchery capacities and $160,000 the University of Wisconsin Extension to continue its work with private aquaculture through the end of Fiscal Year 2014. Under this initiative, production is estimated to increase from 60,000120,000 large walleye fingerlings to well over 500,000 by 2016. Read more...
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New! IAF article: Pelleting and extrusion in aquafeed technology
There are many pelleting and extrusion options in aquafeed production and all these choice will have an effect on the end product. Doris Du, Allance Machinery, China, gives her insight into the pelleting process. Aquaculture is a developing activity around the world. As the industry grows, so does the aquafeed market. Aquafeeds are comprised of a number of ingredients that are mixed in various proportions to complement one another to form a nutritionally complete compound diet. According to the physical characteristics, they can be divided into powder, particle, pelleted and extrusion aquafeed. They can also be divided into sinking, slow sinking and floating aquafeed according to their buoyancy. On the basis of aquafeed energy, they can be divided into low energy, medium energy and high-energy aquafeeds. Click to read the full article.
Alltech Symposium round up
The annual Alltech Symposium took place this week. The three-day series of lectures, this year entitled GLIMPSE2020 always throws up some interesting discussions on current trends and issues in agriculture. Leading off the Wednesday plenary session at GLIMPSE 2020 was Becky Timmons, Alltech’s director of applications research and quality assurance. Timmons shared Alltech’s vision in investing $200 million to develop a heterotrophic algae production facility in Winchester, Kentucky. Using this closed-system technology, algae growth is rapid and efficient under tightly controlled conditions, ensuring an end-product that is highly consistent, traceable, and protected by the Alltech Quality System. More information... Aquaponics is one of the industry buzzwords at the moment so it was great to see this subject given the Alltech treatment during the Farming the Sea Farming the Sea session. Charlie Shultz from Kentucky State University discussed the explosion of interest in aquaponics and what that technology holds for the future. Check it out here. More information about the Symposium
24/05/13: Salmon genome sequencing; fish farming in the Solomon Islands; sea lice count in British Columbia
We've had Dolly the sheep, now get ready for Sally the salmon. Sequencing of the salmon genome is due to be completed by the end of this year using a fish called Sally. It's hoped that the findings will help aquaculture become more directed and sustainable. Sequencing began in 2009 after funding from Norway, Canada and Chile. Read more... Interest in inland fish farming grows out of increased costs of reef fisheries in the Solomon Islands. This reports from the ACIAR funded project 'Developing inland aquaculture in Solomon Islands, which is part of the CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems (AAS), is a fascinating read. Read more... The sea lice count numbers for April show levels in the Okisollo/Hoskyn Channel area in Canada continue to be below the threshold for treatment as required by regulation. Okisollo Channel is located just north of Campbell River and is home to five farms: two of Marine Harvest Canada’s, two of Mainstream Canada’s and one operated by Grieg Seafood. Hoskyn Channel, on the east side of Quadra Island has four Marine Harvest Canada sites. All three companies have agreed to an area management plan for the channels.
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These farms are well managed and highly regulated to ensure that wild stocks migrating past these sites are protected, no matter how many of the farms are operating. Sea lice numbers are monitored regularly and show levels below the threshold levels for treatment as required by regulation (see table below). Cyrus Rocks was the only farm in the area in operation during the month of April. Read more...
New! IAF article: An effective source of dietary methionine for the turbot Psetta maxima Anant Bharadwaj of Novus International writes effective sources of dietary methionine for the turbot Psetta maxima.
The turbot Psetta maxima is an important cultured flatfish species in Europe and now increasingly in China. Dietary formulations for this species typically have been dependent on high levels of fishmeal inclusion. Increasing costs and the decreasing availability of fishmeal have necessitated lowering fishmeal levels and increasing plant proteins in feed formulations. Click here to read the full article.
28/05/13: Aquaculture circa 1522; developing feed for red mahseer; Indonesia and FAO strengthen cooperation
We may think of aquaculture as a modern invention but records in the United Kingdom show that a form of fish farming was in action in 1522. This extract from city records in York details the stock at the ‘Pyke Garths’ in 1522. A garth was a small piece of enclosed ground, and a fish-garth was an enclosure on a river or the seashore for keeping fish. Fish included the familiar - salmon, eel and turbot - and the not so well known - trenches, bret and keelyngs. Read more... Is there such as thing as the perfect feed? Researchers at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) are investigating the perfect feed for the red mahseer. This fish is heavily sought after by both anglers and food fanatics, making it one of the one of the most expensive fish in Malaysia. A kilo can fetch RM800 -1,200. Finding the right food for this river dwelling creature has proved tricky. In the wild, the omnivorous fish feeds on fruit that has fallen into the water and small crustaceans; a diet which is hard to replicate in pellet form. However, the team at UPM is looking at protein, lipid, carbohydrate and other requirements will launch a prototype early next year. Read more... Indonesia and FAO will strengthen cooperation in the field of marine affairs, fisheries and aquaculture under an agreement signed on May 27, 2013. The three-year Memorandum of Agreement, which sets up a framework for future joint activities in those sectors, was signed by Indonesian Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Sharif C. Sutardjo and by FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva, paying a three-day official visit to Indonesia. Under the agreement, specific arrangements will be made to increase cooperation in a number of areas including sustainable fisheries and aquaculture development, marine conservation and the prevention, deterrence and elimination of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) fishing.
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The agreement also covers capacity building, education and training, research and the exchange of experts - including through South-South cooperation - as well as food safety. Indonesia is a prominent actor in South-South cooperation and a member of the G20. Read more...
New! IAF article: Shrimp
We take an in-depth look at shrimp - from first breeding to feed ingredients and news of the cause of EMS. Read the full series of articles here.
SFP releases 2013 sustainability overview of fisheries used for fishmeal and fish oil
Sustainable Fisheries Partnership (SFP) today released the annual sustainability overview of fisheries used for fishmeal and fish oil. The overview covers the 28 principal reduction fisheries around the Atlantic Ocean and South America rated according to the sustainability assessment presented on FishSource (www.fishsource.com). The ratings are based on data publicly available in April 2013. The briefing can be found at www. sustainablefish.org. The report shows that about 70 percent of fish from the Atlantic Ocean and South America used for fishmeal and fish oil come from relatively well managed stocks and would meet the current feed requirements of most leading aquaculture certifications. The other 30 percent of fish originate from 14 stocks that are not well managed, although only four of those were rated poorly on biomass – a crucial indicator of environmental impact. The findings of the report are broadly consistent with those of previous years. SFP has calculated that almost half of all fish used for fishmeal and fish oil come from stocks that contain fishery improvement projects making good progress. This suggests that the performance of fishmeal and fish oil fisheries will improve over time. The report also finds little evidence of ecosystem-based fisheries management being applied in a consistent and comprehensive fashion. The report recommends that fisheries that have mastered single-stock management should begin to consider the wider effects on marine food webs. Commenting on the results of the report, Jim Cannon, CEO of Sustainable Fisheries Partnership, said: “It is good news that a large proportion of fish from the Atlantic Ocean and South America used for fishmeal and fish oil come from relatively well managed fisheries. We are also very pleased that almost half the fish are from stocks that contain at least one fishery improvement project and we expect to see an increase in management performance in future years. However, it is disappointing that there is still little evidence of ecosystembased fisheries management being applied within the sector and future reports will examine this question in greater detail.” In summary, the briefing concludes that for Atlantic Ocean and South American reduction fisheries: One stock featured in the survey scores 8 or above across all five FishSource criteria (category A – the top category): Atlantic herring – North Sea autumn spawners. 27.2% of the catch comes from stocks that score 6 or above in all criteria AND the score for biomass is 8 or above, meaning biomass is at or above target levels (category B1). These stocks are in very good shape, although may merit some improvements in management regime.
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40.3% of the catch comes from stocks that score 6 or above across all five criteria but not 8 or above for biomass (category B2). These stocks are in good shape but would benefit from improvements in management regime. 30.6% of the catch comes from stocks that score below 6 on at least one of the criteria (category C). These stocks have not been effectively managed or are currently in bad condition and significant improvements are required. Cumulatively, 69.4% of the catch comes from stocks that score 6 or above on all five criteria – this is broadly in line with the feed requirements of existing and proposed aquaculture feed sustainability standards. Although 14 stocks are in category C, only 4 of these score less than 6 for biomass (score 4) – at least where data is available. Biomass is a crucial factor in determining the sustainability of fisheries management, so the relatively small number of stocks that score below 6 is to be welcomed. Fishery improvement projects (FIPs) are present in 15 of the 28 stocks – 6 of these FIPs are making progress, while 9 are making insufficient progress in the opinion of SFP. Four of the stocks assessed contain fisheries that are certified according to the Marine Stewardship Council or in full assessment. Twelve of the stocks are used as sources of fishmeal that is certified under the International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Organisation Responsible Supply (IFFO RS) program. 77% of the total catch comes from stocks that contain either at least one MSC-certified fishery or a FIP. 13% of the catch comes from a stock that contains at least one fishery that is MSC certified, 46.7% of the catch comes from stocks that contain at least one FIP that is making progress, 19.7% of the catch comes from stocks that contain at least one FIP that is making insufficient progress. No reduction fish stock is currently managed within an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) regime. This situation needs to improve significantly. Fisheries that have established a successful single-species stock management regime should now be looking to evolve an ecosystem-based approach to ensure sustainability in the future
29/05/13: GM salmon can pass on traits to offspring; Coppens trains farmers; falling fish stocks in the UAE
AquaBounty's GM salmon, AquAdvantage can breed with wild fish and pass on fast growth genes a study has found. In the wild, salmon will occasionally breed with similar species such as the brown trout, creating a hybrid fish. The study, which is published in the Proceedings of the Royal Society the found that when GM salmon mated with brown trout, 40 percent of the resulting hybrids received accelerated growth genes from its GM parent. In fact, the hybrid fish outgrew both its parents. In laboratory conditions, the hybrids were out-competing their parents, significantly stunting their growth. However, AquaBounty has said that the chances of this happening is low as the fish it plans to raise are female, sterile and will be grown on-land. Read more...
Seventy fish farmers in Ghana have taken part in a one-day training session organised by Coppens. The course was aimed at equipping them with modern techniques in aquaculture, to enable them take advantage of government’s five-year aquaculture development plan. Read more... 29
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Is now the time to start thinking seriously about improving aquaculture in the UAE? Fish stocks off the east coast have fallen by two thirds in nine years. Stocks were estimated to be 529 kg a square kilometre in 2011 compared with 1,735 kg per square kilometre in 2002, according to figures from the Ministry of Environment and Water. As a result, the ministry has temporarily suspended issuing fishing licences nationwide. Read more...
New! IAF article: Dominique P Bureau column
Dominique P Bureau, a member of the International Aquafeed editorial panel, shares his thoughts on nutrient requirements. In a context of significant competition and low profit margins, aquaculture feed manufacturers are required to formulate to increasing lower or narrower nutritional specifications (‘specs’) in order to minimize feed cost. Decreasing specs for certain nutrients can significantly reduce the cost of feeds. However, at the same time, feed manufacturers must be sure that their feeds can sustain high growth, feed efficiency, health, and product quality. Consequently, formulating cost-effective aquaculture feeds can be a very delicate balancing act that requires accurate and precise information on the nutritive value of feed ingredients and nutrient requirements. Significant efforts have been invested over the past six decades on defining the nutrient requirements of numerous fish and crustacean species and the body of knowledge is growing significantly every year. Reviews of the literature and nutritional recommendations are provided on a relatively regular basis by different groups of researchers or committee of experts. Not blindly relying on published estimates The relatively new NRC (2011) Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp and other reference documents are providing feed manufacturers with a reasonably good basis for the formulation of feeds meeting of requirements of many of the commercially important aquaculture species. However, through frequent discussions with different stakeholders of the aquaculture feed industry I have come to realise that these estimates of requirements are too often taken at face value and/or misunderstood. We should never blindly rely on published estimates of nutrient requirement, even from highly authoritative document. Feed formulators should dig in the primary research literature for the real data and develop their own opinion. Feed manufacturers should also focus a significant part of their R&D towards verifying the adequacy and suitability of nutritional specifications. Nutrient requirement not cast in stone Estimates of requirements are generally derived from studies with young fish fed diets containing purified and chemically defined ingredients that are highly digestible and, generally, represent minimum nutrient concentrations required for maximizing performance of these young animals under laboratory conditions. While this approach and definition of ‘requirement’ may sound straightforward, reality is more complicated. Significant differences may exist in the experimental conditions, measured parameters, performance achieved and methods of analysis of the results for similar studies. Consequently, very different ‘estimates’ of requirement can be derived from ‘similar’ studies. Moreover, the same dataset can also be interpreted in very different ways through the use of different mathematical models or by simply putting more ‘emphasis’ on different parameters.
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It must be recognised that published estimates of nutrient requirement are derived from consensus among ‘experts’ and are thus very much products of opinion and not some sort of unchallengeable truth. It must also be recognised that ‘requirements’ are probably moving targets and that pinning down one ‘unique’ and ‘true’ value is probably wishful thinking. However, how requirements evolve with changes in the genetics, weight, growth rate or feed conversion achieved, or health status of the animal is something that, in my humble opinion, has not been adequately studied for aquaculture species. There are diverging opinions with regards to appropriate modes of expression of essential nutrient requirements. It is especially the case for essential amino acid (EAA) for which very different modes of expression of requirement are used, often interchangeably, in the literature. These different modes of expression are based on different, often diametrically opposed, assumptions. In practice, the use of different modes of expression of EAA requirement can often result in dramatically different nutritional recommendations. Individual EAA levels deemed adequate may be very different depending on the mode of expression adopted and the composition of the diet formulated. This is a significant issue since feeds for a given species are formulated to widely different protein, lipid, starch, and digestible energy levels. The root cause of these conflicting views is our limited understanding of how endogenous and dietary factors affect EAA utilization and requirements of fish. Finally, requirements are somewhat ideal biological values and it is also important to consider a safety margin to account for potentially lower digestibility or bioavailability of nutrients in practical ingredients, for losses of nutrients during manufacturing and storage of the feed, and for potential ‘changes’ in nutrient requirements imposed by various environmental or endogenous factors. What represents a reasonable safety margin is again up for discussion. Not enough emphasis on commercially important species Aquaculture nutrition is a dynamic field of research. However, the number of fish and crustacean species studied is staggering and this leads to dilution of research efforts. Globally, there is need for significant improvements in the focus of nutritional studies, and the scope and quality of the experimental efforts invested in the definition of essential nutrient requirements of commercially important species. It would be recommendable to increasingly focus the research efforts on the 15 or so species that represent the bulk of the global farmed fish and crustacean production. Any feedback? Do you agree or disagree? Any suggestions for future topics? Let me know. dbureau@uoguelph.ca
Event: Water & Fish
The International Conference Water & Fish will be held for the sixth time from June, 12 - 14, 2013 at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade in Serbia. Together with it a technical and technological exhibition will be organised. The objective of the exhibition is to improve business communication between producers, importer, and representatives of different companies with customers and users from Serbia and neighboring countries, with the goal to improve fish production.
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Since Serbia is a country with great potential for aquaculture and fishery development, and also one of the rare countries in Europe that doubled its production in the last decade, we believe that you will identify your interest and take the opportunity to participate in the exhibition. Prices for exhibitors are almost symbolic; therefore this is an excellent occasion for you to present your range of products to fish producers. Participants from 25 countries announced their presence at the scientific part of the conference; we expect participation of over 350 people (scientists, professionals, business men) during the 3 days. You can find details on the Conference and Exhibition, and accompanying programmes online. More information...
31/05/13: Struggling fishermen in Senegal turn to aquaculture; Michigan aquaculture and the demand for seafood; board changes at Global SeaFarms
Overfishing in the Senegal River has meant dwindling catches for fishermen but thanks to a publicly funded project, fishermen are turning their backs of the river and heading to the aquaculture pond. The National Agency for Agricultural Intervention and Development is a tilapia pond site in Maraye. At 25 hectares (62 acres), the Maraye ponds will be the largest fish farming site in Senegal with enough space for 50 private developers to start production in July. The site is supplied with larvae and fry from the town of Richard Toll, which contains the west African country's main hatchery. Read more... This is an interesting blog post by Mark Seamon, Michigan State University Extension, on the role Michigan aquaculture can play in meeting increasing demand for seafood. One of the main challenges Seamon discusses is the cost of heating water to raise warm water species such as tilapia and shrimp. Informative and thought-provoking, it is worth a read. Read more... Global SeaFarms, Canada has announced changes to its management team. Effective immediately, Robert Boisjoli will assume the position of Chief Executive Officer and Cameron McDonald will assume the position of Executive Vice President of Strategic Development. Also, Benoit Forget will assume the role of Chief Financial Officer. The purpose of these changes is to align the strengths and resources of the management team with the business development initiatives of the Company going forward. Read more...
BioMar and Lallemand Animal Nutrition extend their collaboration
The fish feed supplier, BioMar, and the feed additives and specialty functional feed ingredients manufacturer, Lallemand SAS, have signed a formal research, development and commercial collaboration agreement aimed at expanding the knowledge and use of probiotics in fish feeding. “This agreement is a natural continuation of the excellent relationship forged with Lallemand Animal Nutrition for more than 10 years, which has led to important innovative landmarks such as the approval for the first time of the use of a probiotic in fish feeding by the European Food Safety Authority - Lallemand’s BACTOCELL® for use in fish feed” said Mr Torben Svejgaard, CEO of the BioMar Group at the occasion of the sealing of their latest agreement.
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BioMar has since 2010, when the first EFSA approval was given, been the only feed supplier to offer fish feed with BACTOCELL®. With the extension of the EU approval earlier this year to all fish species, BioMar has launched additional new products with BACTOCELL®. These include the highly successful LARVIVA ProStart targeted at early weaning for fish larvae, as well as other types of fish feed such as the INICIO Plus fry feed for Mediterranean fish species. ”Lallemand Animal Nutrition sees a natural ally in BioMar with both companies equally devoted to funding robust research and development aimed at effective commercialization of products” said Dr Yannig Le Treut, GM of Lallemand Animal Nutrition. “We are also both committed to seeking sufficiently high level of understanding and well documented support for the natural solutions we offer to our customers. BACTOCELL® is still the only zootechnical additive approved by the European Food Safety Authorities for use in fish feed, having unequivocally demonstrated beneficial animal performances. Dr Le Treut added: “On the development stance, a partnership with BioMar gives us access to both trial facilities for fish feeding as well as access to the extensive network BioMar has among fish farmers; providing willing sites and capabilities to enable testing of new feed solutions in “real life” situations. This has proven to be very effective and beneficial e.g. in the approval of BACTOCELL® where laboratory results were subsequently confirmed in field trials under industrial production conditions.” The current agreement consolidates an already substantial research and development collaboration between the two companies. “We have from both sides allocated significant amounts of resources in a bid to continue to fund research which provides tangible, natural and economic solutions with regards to optimizing fish health, nutrition and welfare. In particular and at the moment we are looking at the effects of probiotics on the microbiome and on gut function, which has been hypothesized to be linked to the prevention of viral and bacterial outbreaks”, voiced by Dr Patrick Campbell and Dr Mathieu Castex in charge of the joint R&D programmes. The agreement grants BioMar an exclusivity partnership with Lallemand on the use of BACTOCELL® in fish feed in all the key markets where BioMar operates. “We see a huge potential for the use of probiotics in fish feed, and we are therefore of course extremely pleased with this collaboration, which will extend our lead with these kinds of products” says Mr Torben Svejgaard. Whilst the current agreement focuses on the use of probiotics, both Lallemand and BioMar admit that future agreements could extend to other areas of research, development, additives and animal categories of mutual interest. Lallemand Animal Nutrition already supplies several other important additives and ingredients to the fish feed industry and new actives are currently being evaluated in aquatic species.
Event: 20th Annual Practical Short Course on Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and Feed Management
20th Annual Practical Short Course on Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and Feed Management; September 22-27, 2013.
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A one-week Practical Short Course on Aquaculture Feed Extrusion, Nutrition and Feed Management will be presented on September 22-27, 2013 at Texas A&M University by staff, industry representative and consultants. This programme will cover information on designing new feed mills and selecting conveying, drying, grinding, conditioning and feed mixing equipment. Current practices for preparing full-fat soy meal processing; recycling fisheries by-products, raw animal products, and secondary resources; raw material, extrusion of floating, sinking, and high fat feeds; spraying and coating fats, digests and preservatives; use of encapsulated ingredients and preparation of premixes, nutritional requirements of warn water fish and shrimp, feed managements and least cost formulation are reviewed. Practical demonstration of sinking, floating, and high fat aquafeed, are demonstrated on four major types of extruders - (dry, interrupted flights, single and twin screw), using various shaping dies. Other demonstrations include: vacuum coating and lab analysis of the raw material for extrusion. Reservations are accepted on a first-come basis. For more information, programmes and application forms, contact: Dr Mian N Riaz 2476 TAMU; Food Protein R&D Center Texas A&M University; College Station, TX 77843-2476 Phone: 979/845-2774 Fax: 979/845-2744 Email: mnriaz@tamu.edu Website: http://foodprotein.tamu.edu/extrusion
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The Aquaculturist A regular look inside the aquaculture industry
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