MAR 2017 - International Aquafeed magazine

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

THE DNA OF ATLANTIC SALMON BREEDING - How to control moulds in aquaculture

International Aquafeed - Volume 20 - Issue 3 - March 2017

- Feather meal as alternative to Fishmeal - Joining forces for a sustainable European aquaculture sector of the future - EXPERT TOPIC Grouper - Integrating 360o cameras with feed systems Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK

March 2017

www.aquafeed.co.uk

CONTENTS March 2017 Volume 20 Issue 3

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Editor Prof Simon Davies simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editor Dr Albert Tacon albertt@perendale.co.uk International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.co.uk Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Colin Mair • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Rhiannon White rhiannonw@perendale.co.uk Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk Matt Muller mattm@perendale.co.uk Zasha Whiteway-Wilkinson zashaw@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris darrenp@perendale.co.uk Tom Blacker tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk

REGULAR ITEMS

FEATURES

3

Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu nathann@perendale.co.uk

Photoshoot

46 Industry Events

52 The Market Place

54 The Aquafeed Interview 56

Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan tutit@perendale.co.uk

©Copyright 2016 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service

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34 Expert Topic - Grouper

Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk

Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk

Industry News

COLUMNS 8

Industry Faces

4

Ioannis Zabetakis

10

Clifford Spencer

Antonio Garza de Yta

16 Delivering the goods: the DNA of Atlantic salmon breeding 22 How to control moulds in aquaculture

24 High in protein and highly digestible: Feather meal as alternative to Fishmeal

26 Joining forces for a sustainable European aquaculture sector of the future

30 Gene Selection of Ornamental Shrimps in Taiwan

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 42 Integrating 360o cameras with feed systems 44 Mort collector project for offshore fish farms

Professor Simon Davies

Croeso - welcome

I am writing this editorial from the Aquaculture America 2017 venue in San Antonio, Texas, with my colleagues from Perendale Publishers and many other friends from all over the USA and the world.

We have Clifford Spencer, Chairman of AwF UK and a great supporting team at the stand. There is a constant strong presence at our stand with visitors enquiring about our magazine and many willing to contribute in future to our growing involvement in the many facets of the aqua feed industry and related areas in technology and engineering. Our translation into Spanish is most useful for the Latin American representation and we expect much more interest in future with the expanding shrimp industry and tilapia production in the Americas.

I was last here 10 years ago, it was 2007 and I had no luggage only a heavy flu. This time however, all is well and it is so nice to be back in the great state of Texas. I am pleased to see some familiar companies, but also the presence of Jefo, Olmix Group and Heliae with their range of innovative products, equipment

and novel technologies. European companies such as Catalysis from Spain and Olmix from France balance the obviously strong USA platform here.

Tyson Foods is a regular feature with their commitment to high quality rendered poultry by-product meals and ingredients for aqua feeds. It is also a surprise to meet a fellow Welsh speaking countryman, Phil Jones from PhylloSci, who specialise in clay based compounds for therapeutic use in treating fish skin pathogens and protozoan parasites. Also to meet up with AquaBounty technologies and discuss their GMO salmon status is an opportunity not to miss with Dave Conley, their Director of Communications. On the educational front I have met with Hugh Hammer and others from community colleges across the United States to discuss collaborations and perhaps a sabbatical for me in the near future. I fancy that fishing holiday in Louisiana.

Overall I am most impressed by the organisation and especially the scientific talks and workshops that I am attending and the ambience and social comradeship of the conference. America is a really nice country; the hospitality of the Texans in particular is so genuine.

Now on another matter, as a nutritional biochemist at heart as well as an applied fish nutrition/feed technology academic I have been in the course of many lectures reminding students that carnivorous fish behave metabolically in a similar way to diabetic mammals in terms of their insulin response physiology and assimilation of glucose die for a number of reasons.

Unfortunately I have just been diagnosed with type two diabetes and receiving medication (Metformin) like millions of others. My diet is now changing drastically, so oily fish such as farmed salmon, sea bass and sea bream will feature strongly!

No more extruded feeds for me but we still have to consider carbohydrate from cereals and grains as a viable energy source for many omnivorous fish species such as tilapia and we will explore these possibilities in a future issue. The role of eating more fish and benefits in relation to clinical nutrition is now of personal concern to me and I am dedicated to the ideal of eating more seafood and campaigning for the reduction of sugar in our foods. It’s a very serious issue facing mankind!

Turning to our magazine, we highlight our trip to Texas for Aquaculture America, as well as introducing the European Union funded project AQUAEXCEL2020. Not to mention our interviewee this month is with Michael New, OBE, who discusses his extensive industry experience and vast knowledge on freshwater prawn culture, alongside his views and ideas on how alleviating hunger can be achieved through sustainable aquaculture.

We’d like to thank you finally for your continued loyalty and support, and inform you that we have more busy venues coming this year in South Africa and Malaysia. I am visiting Norway again this month on government research council business and am thoroughly looking forward to the warmth of spring again.

aQUaTIc aSIa

a ONE-DaY cONFErENcE ON aQUacULTUrE TEchNOLOGY WITh SPEcIaL FOcUS ON ShrIMP FEEDING aND rEcIrcULaTION SYSTEMS

14 March 2017 ThE NOVOTEL BaNGKOK hOTEL SUKhUMVIT 20, BaNGKOK PLATINUM SPONSOR

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FOr MOrE INFOrMaTION VISIT: aquafeed.co.uk/aquaticevents rEGISTEr aT www.viv.net

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www.fisa.com.pe WE KNOW NETTING

Ne�ng of all Fibers

Joint company endeavours continue

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new production line for extruded feed and a new warehouse at the Haiwei plant in Southern China has been installed.

The joint venture between the Danish BioMar group and the Chinese Tongwei group took this important step on February 24, 2017.

Henrik Aarestrup, Vice president of emerging markets explains, “The new extruder line is part of an upgrade of the factory where we have replaced older equipment with more efficient technology. Together with our Chinese partner Tongwei we want to continue the growth of Haiwei and that requires a series of upgrades and also a large new warehouse. Altogether it will make us more flexible towards the customers and allow for continued growth.”

He illuminated BioMar-Tongwei’s good start of the year at the plant, as it continues the growth experienced in the last couple of years, explaining, “We expect to sell around 60,000 tonnes this year. We have a very strong team headed by our General Manager Mr Liu in place in Haiwei, and they have already more than doubled their sales in the last three years.”

The Haiwei factory is located in the Pearl River Delta in an area with a large production of, among other species, Japanese Sea Bass and Snakehead. The aquaculture production in the Pearl River Delta is competing with a fast urban development.

Aarestrup continues to describe the available area for growth, “We estimate, that the farmers represented at the inauguration lunch all together annually produces more than 200,000 tonnes of fish, so we still have room for growth with Haiwei,” He summarises, “Access to water and space suitable for fish farming is an increasing challenge. Our knowhow in high performance environmentally friendly diets will therefore become more relevant in the years to come and we have already initiated several development projects targeting the species grown in the Delta area.”

Nets - Ropes - Twine - Rigged Cages Rigged Purse Seine nets - Trawl nets

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exportsales@fisanet.com.pe phone:+51 (1) 6196500 Av. Materiales 2475, Lima 1, Peru

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 3

www.fisa.com.pe

Fly larvae to feed salmonoids

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Ioannis Zabetakis

Sea pollution and food safety

n the 13th February, The Guardian (UK) reported [1] that scientists have discovered “extraordinary” levels of toxic pollution in the most remote and inaccessible place on the planet – the 10km deep Mariana trench in the Pacific Ocean.

The story is rather alarming! Crustaceans, captured by a robotic submarine, were found contaminated with 50 times more toxic chemicals than crabs that survive in heavily polluted rivers in China!

The extraordinary levels of these pollutants and the cross-contamination of the food chain brings home the long-term and rather devastating impact that mankind is having on the planet and on the food-chain.

Two key types of severely toxic industrial chemicals that were banned in the late 1970s were identified, they do not break down in the environment and they are known as persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These chemicals have previously been found at high levels in Inuit people in the Canadian Arctic and in Orcas and dolphins in Western Europe. The POPs infiltrate the deepest parts of the oceans as dead animals and particles of plastic fall downwards and they can accumulate in fat tissue. In this way, POPs are bio-accumulated in living organisms and their levels are magnified in animals, all whilst we’re moving up the food chain. This phenomenon is called bio-magnification and it is closely related to man-made chemicals that have a very long degradation period in nature [2].

The level of one type of POP, called polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), was only equalled anywhere in the northwest Pacific in Suruga Bay in Japan, an infamous pollution black spot. The researchers also found severe contamination in amphipods collected in the Kermadec trench, which is 7,000km from the Mariana trench. The pollution was ubiquitous; the scientists said that it was found “In all samples across all species at all depths in both trenches”.

PCBs were manufactured from the 1930s to the 1970s, when their appalling impact on people and wildlife was realised. About a third of the 1.3 million tonnes produced has already leaked into coastal sediments and the open oceans, with a steady stream still thought to be coming from poorly protected landfill sites.

This alarming news can be used in a positive way however, by highlighting the high levels of monitoring of raw materials that is carried out during all stages and processes of aqua farming. Aqua farmed fish is actually safer to eat than wild fish since they were farmed in a controlled environment, scrutinised for PCBs, heavy metals, GMOs etc. This is a feature of aqua farmed products that could be communicated more effectively. Presenting food safety through this angle (rather than just mentioning the HACCP/ISO22000 certification) might help aquaculture companies to communicate more competently the real value of aqua farmed produce.

Further reading

‘Extraordinary’ levels of pollutants found in 10km deep Mariana trench https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/13/extraordinary-levelsof-toxic-pollution-found-in-10km-deep-mariana-trench The impact of water pollution with chromium and nickel to the food chain http://www.spectroscopyeurope.com/articles/55-articles/3321-the-impact-ofwater-pollution-with-chromium-and-nickel-to-the-food-chain @yanzabet

After an Academic career spanning 12 years in the Univ. of Athens, Ioannis joined University of Limerick (UL) as a Lecturer on Food Lipids where the ongoing focus of his work will be towards the cardioprotective properties of food lipids with particular emphasis on dairy and aquaculture products.

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he Enterra Feed Corporation has received approval from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency to sell its whole dried black soldier fly larvae as a feed ingredient for salmonoids, including farmed salmon, trout and arctic char.

This approval means that the Metro Vancouverbased company is now the first to market and sell this sustainable, natural product to aquaculture feed manufacturers in Canada.

This is the first Canadian approval of an insectbased aquaculture feed ingredient, and follows the CFIA’s approval using this same product in feed for chicken broilers last year.

According to the Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Canada is the fourth-largest producer of farmed salmon in the world. In 2015, the farm gate value of salmon and trout in Canada was $850 million.

Andrew Vickerson, Chief Technology Officer, Enterra clarifies, “Aquaculture feed producers have been keenly awaiting this approval and we look forward to supplying their needs immediately,” He continues, “Fish eat insects in their natural environment and our product is a healthy, digestible and renewable source of protein and fat that can replace less sustainable ingredients, including fishmeal and soybean meal.”

The production of fishmeal, which is a standard aquaculture feed ingredient can deplete wild ocean fish stocks and is subject to substantial price fluctuations. Soybean meal however, requires significant agricultural inputs that could otherwise be used more efficiently to grow food for people.

Dr Brad Hicks, a veterinarian and partner in Taplow Feeds and an aquaculture feed manufacturer says, “Insects are a natural source of digestible protein and fat for fish, including salmon and trout. This product will contribute to healthy, active fish and is a great alternative feed ingredient.”

The insect based feed is also offered with a longterm price guarantee. In order to make the produce the company collects pre-consumer recycled food from farms, grocery stores and food producers.

All waste that would otherwise be sent to landfill, compost or waste-to-energy facilities where the nutrient value would be lost or underutilised.

Instead, Enterra feeds the waste food to black soldier fly larvae, which grow rapidly under controlled conditions. Once mature, the larvae are processed into renewable feed ingredients in the form of whole dried black soldier fly larvae, Enterra Meal (made of de-fatted larvae) and Enterra Oil (extracted from the larvae).

The company’s sales have tripled each year since its Langley farm opened in 2014. Through its proprietary process, they have converted tens of thousands of metric tonnes of pre-consumer waste food into sustainable feed ingredients for its growing customer base. They plan to expand their existing facility and establish additional farms in Canada and the US to meet the increased customer demand anticipated to result from future US and Canadian approvals of a complementary feed product, Enterra Meal These approvals are expected in 2017.

4 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

Introducing

AgraStripÂŽ WATEX Fast and simple mycotoxin testing 1

Extract

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Dilute

3

Analyze

For more information visit www.romerlabs.com/en/watex

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 5

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oday we face an onslaught of articles and directives that deal with the use of antibiotics in a myriad of feed and water applications, this, in addition to the therapeutic applications usually administered by veterinarians. The concern over antibiotic resistance in a number of human applied antibiotics is gaining significant attention in the medical community and with the consumers across the world.

Consumers are demanding antibiotic free meat and milk products, and this is driving the changes that are taking place today on how we use these tools of health and production in livestock production systems.

The USA is currently poised to implement a Veterinary Feed Directive that assigns veterinarians the responsibility to prescribe medications and antibiotics that are delivered through feed and water.

This FDA mandate was scheduled to go into effect in January 2017.

In October 2014, the Government of Canada released Antimicrobial Resistance and Use in Canada: A Federal Framework for Action.

The Framework maps out a coordinated, collaborative federal approach for responding to the threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

In a couple of years, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency is also expected to qualify certain feed additives that will be regulated somewhere between drugs and feed ingredients.

All of these efforts are intended to more judiciously manage the responsible use of antibiotics. We all can learn from the lessons of the European move to less reliance on antibiotics about ten years ago.

Problems that surfaced initially on complete removal of antibiotics from a prophylactic feed application, morphed into a more measured antibiotic application involving complete removal growth promotion purpose coupled with complementary use of functional feed additives.

Today a burgeoning feed additive market in Europe supports limited use of antibiotics and a safer food

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Prudent antibiotic use in Canadian feed applications

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production environment. Whether one believes that agricultural use of antibiotics in livestock production has fostered an environment that spawns antibiotic resistant super bugs or that excessive prescribing of antibiotics in human medicine has dealt us the same fate, we must take steps to mitigate the potential of a looming healthcare crisis.

One such company that has stepped up to the challenge of reducing the markets reliance on antibiotics is Nutriad.

Projecting confidence in providing a basket of species specific solutions, Nutriad utilises innovation and creativity fuelled by a desire to provide sustainable options to complement low or no use of traditional antibiotics.

This is all accomplished by a strong reliance on human resource talent.

Nutriad’s platforms of Digestive Performance and Mycotoxin Management are leading the way in providing technological solutions that can serve to pave the way towards effective nutrition and animal health without always relying solely on antibiotics.

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White-clawed crayfish will become extinct in most of their current range in England and Wales over the next 20 years. The major threat to White-clawed crayfish is the spread of non-native crayfish and the disease they carry. They are also threatened by pollution along with the damage or loss of their habitats.

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Alien extermination

There are currently no fewer than six nonnative crayfish species breeding in the wild in UK freshwater. All were, accidentally introduced via the food trade but some have spread rapidly. The most infamous and widespread is the Signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus), joined by the Red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii), Spiny-cheeked crayfish (Orconectes limosus), Virile crayfish (O. virilise), Noble crayfish (Astacus astacus) and Narrow-clawed crayfish (A. leptodactylus).

Most of these species pose a direct threat to White-clawed crayfish as superior competitors for food and shelter. The introduced crayfish grow faster (sometimes larger), produce more young and are more aggressive. As a result, White clawed crayfish are lost from areas in just a few years simply through being out-competed by other crayfish. Moreover, some of these invaders carry an even deadlier threat to White-clawed crayfish, crayfish plague.

Crayfish plague is a disease caused by a water mould Aphanomyces astaci, which attacks the soft tissue of crayfish. It is carried and spread mostly by Signal crayfish, which are immune to its affects. However, it rapidly kills off all White-clawed crayfish in infected areas in mere weeks. Worryingly, this plague is easily moved between sites, transported on wet angling or watersports equipment and wet boots. The mould spores can even remain viable on damp gear for up to 22 days.

Non-native crayfish are not ecological replacements for Whiteclawed crayfish. Their burrowing habits cause bank erosion whilst some are both more highly predatory and more rapid breeders, inflicting greater impacts on the survival of other aquatic invertebrates, fish and their spawn, including economically important coarse fish.

Saving the White-clawed crayfish

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he White-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) is a globally endangered European freshwater crustacean. It is the UK’s only native crayfish species (though several others have been introduced) and one of its largest freshwater invertebrates, growing up to 12 cm long. The species is characterised by the cream or rosy white underside of their pincers (claws). Once widespread and common in English and Welsh rivers, White-clawed crayfish have suffered severe declines in the UK and across their European range. This article details the plight of the White-clawed Crayfish and what we, as Buglife are doing to help ensure the long-term survival of this crustacean in the UK.

Ecology of the White-clawed crayfish

White-clawed crayfish are found in rivers, streams, lakes and other freshwater habitats from the Balkan Peninsula west to Spain and north to the UK, which contains globally significant numbers of the species. In the UK, it is widespread in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. White-clawed crayfish generally prefer watercourses with clean, mineral-rich water and overhanging banks and plants. Their intolerance of pollution makes the species an important indicator of good water quality.

White-clawed crayfish are nocturnal and hide under cover during the day. They are omnivorous, feeding on organic detritus, carrion, aquatic plants and invertebrates (particularly insect larvae and molluscs). Their foraging habits make White-clawed crayfish an important part of freshwater ecosystems since they eat up detritus and flush silt from gravel riverbeds as they sift through with their claws. Crayfish are also prey for large fish, otters and predatory waterbirds. White-clawed crayfish take three years to reach sexual maturity and can live to be twelve years old.

Crayfish in Crisis

Many populations of White-clawed crayfish in the UK and mainland Europe have been lost and most remaining in river systems are at risk. As a result of its decline, the White-clawed crayfish is classed as Endangered (EN) on the IUCN Red List, and is legally protected against killing, injuring or taking in the UK. However, the rate of loss in England and Wales is rapid and shows no sign of slowing. If this trend continues, there is a high risk that

Conserving the White-clawed Crayfish

Buglife is involved in a variety of actions to conserve Whiteclawed crayfish in the UK. Crayfish are part of our ‘Freshwater for the Future’ Strategy, which includes aims to increase the understanding of freshwater invertebrates and their importance, reduce pollution, improve biosecurity and target conservation action for vulnerable freshwater invertebrate species. We have also produced a ‘Crayfish hub’ on our website, in partnership with the Environment Agency, which pulls together information on UK crayfish and White-clawed crayfish conservation, to act as a reference resource for conservationists and the public alike.

Buglife have been involved in the South West Crayfish Partnership, set up in 2008, a regional collaboration with the Environment Agency, Avon Wildlife Trust, Bristol Science and Conservation Foundation, Devon Wildlife Trust, Dorset Wildlife Trust and Paignton Zoo. The project involved an education programme engaging people with the issues facing white-clawed crayfish, implementing a survey and monitoring programme for wild populations, captive breeding and re-homing at-risk populations to new safe havens known as Ark sites.

Getting crayfish into Arks

Ark sites are-self-contained refuges safe from non-native crayfish,

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disease and other threats which are stocked with White-clawed crayfish from at-risk populations in the wild. By setting up Ark sites, we hope to establish new populations of White-claws, which are protected for the future.

The sites are first screened for suitability. They must be free from any crayfish, a safe distance from waters with invasive crayfish (which can travel during flood events or even short distances over land), incorporate permanent running water, still water, or both, have suitable water quality and appropriate habitat features. All this ensures the sites can support a healthy, self-sustaining population of White-clawed crayfish with little need for ongoing management. A friendly and co-operative landowner or land manager is also essential to meet this aim. The Ark sites are also assessed for the ecological impact of introducing White-clawed crayfish, as they in themselves are predatory animals.

Flooded quarries, pits and other former aggregates and mineral workings are often particularly suitable and landowners are all too happy to offer them up as Ark sites to help fulfill their corporate duty to biodiversity. Hence we have produced a guide to Ark sites for the aggregates industry, which has attracted more landowners keen to offer Crayfish Arks.

To date over 4,000 crayfish have been translocated to 14 new safe Ark sites in South West England. The Ark sites are regularly monitored under license and in 2015, we made the welcome discovery of healthy juveniles on one of our Devon Ark sites, showing that the crayfish were breeding successfully!

Setting up Ark sites can provide a sustainable future for the Whiteclawed crayfish in the UK. However, with few existing sites, there is an urgent need for many more to be established to safeguard the longterm survival of White-clawed crayfish across England and Wales.

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Crayfish in captivity

Captive breeding efforts help bolster safe populations of white claws and captive-bred stock can be taken to found new Ark sites.

The captive breeding populations established at Bristol Zoological Gardens and Paignton Zoo and Environmental Park have bred over 1300 crayfish, with the exhibits informing countless visitors of White-clawed crayfish and their plight. Observing these captive white-clawed crayfish can also increase scientific understanding of these otherwise elusive creatures.

Stopping the spread of aliens and plague

Once established, eradication of alien crayfish is very difficult and there are no easy answers to the problem. The main concern is to prevent the spread of non-native crayfish and crayfish plague to new areas. Buglife promotes Defra’s ‘Check, Clean, Dry code’ to increase awareness amongst water users about good practice to help prevent the spread of invasive species and diseases. The code instructs water users to check their equipment and clothing for aquatic life, thoroughly clean and wash them and dry them out between visits to different areas.

Moreover, UK law prohibits the release of non-native crayfish into the wild, or the use of any crayfish as fishing bait. We urge aquarists to report the illegal sale of live crayfish in the UK to the National Wildlife Crime Unit (bar the tropical Redclaw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus in England and Wales).

Though White-clawed crayfish may never be restored to their former haunts, the dedicated work by Buglife and others is ensuring this impressive invertebrate has a future in the UK’s freshwaters. If you’d like to learn more, visit Buglife’s Crayfish hub: www.buglife. org.uk/uk-crayfish-hub

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Heliae and Syndel: Unlocking the potential of algae

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Antonio Garza de Yta

Expect great events for aquaculture in 2017 ear readers of International Aquafeed, I wish you all a very warm greeting and my best wishes for the remainder of 2017. For reasons beyond my control I could not write for the latest editions, however, hopefully, I shall be with you continuously from this edition.

This year is undoubtedly full of interesting events, beginning with the North American chapter of the World’s Society of Aquaculture. This is where I am writing and where the economic recovery of the activity is noted, as well as how it has evolved.

I am not really surprised by the number of people involved in the cultivation of bivalve molluscs and all the equipment that is offered for the mechanisation of production systems, the most sustainable form of animal protein production. Personally, I always thought that these crops did not offer an option for producers of formulated food, but as on many other occasions private initiative and ingenuity showed that I was wrong. I was impacted by the amount of products that are used fir the substation of algae within the seed-producing laboratories. I will try some of them in our new experimental laboratory for oyster breeding.

On the WAS side this year we will also have three very interesting events. The first of all will be the world convention in South Africa, which will take place from June 2630 in Cape Town. This is the first time that the WAS World Event takes place on the African continent. I hope that this is the first of many and that we will see how Africa begins to produce the levels of aquaculture of which it is capable. Also, that serves for the formation of the African chapter within this society.

The second event will be held a little less than a month from the first, but do to their location and recent history we are sure to be a success. This is the WAS Asia-Pacific chapter event in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia from July 24-27. The event of this chapter is expected to exceed all expectations; of course it seems appropriate to give the biggest congratulations for this group that has transformed the Society in that region.

Finally, to close with a snap, the event of the Latin American and Caribbean chapter, to be organised by LACQUA 2017 in Mazatlán, Sinaloa from November 7-10, will be held. This will be the watershed of LACQUA, which was created in Villavicencio Columbia, passed through Guadalajara, Mexico and Fortaleza, Brazil, and had a great success in Lima, Peru, just in November last year. Now, as an independent event, it will seek to consolidate itself in Mexico and begin to create its own history. LACQUA differs from other WAS events in that it is the only one that does not have English as an official language, but does Spanish and Portuguese, languages used by 98% of the inhabitants of the event region. This is something, which is necessary in order to be able to truly bring academia closer to producers, service providers and decision makers. It is a unique event that has matured enough to be able to walk alone and shows as the headquarters of the exchange of knowledge and professional experiences within Latin America and the Caribbean. Let us take it as our own, support our region, participate and grow together, to become part of it.

I would like to conclude but inviting you to participate with us by sending us articles of interest to be included in the next editions of this magazine. I am sure that there is a great deal of work in Latin America and the Caribbean that is of great use to the world aquaculture industry. I look forward to your contributions and your enthusiastic collaboration.

Antonio Garza de Yta, Ph.D in Aquaculture from Auburn University, President of Aquaculture Global Consulting, Director World Aquaculture Society and creator of the Certification for Aquaculture Professional (CAP) Program.

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he merger of Heliae’s algae production expertise with Syndel’s product development and marketing experience brings a new, affordable source of DHA to aquaculture feed formulators. Heliae and Syndel have announced the signing of an exclusive distribution agreement to supply the aquaculture market with Nymega™, a new DHA precision formulation ingredient for feed formulators.

The partnership between Heliae and Syndel creates new opportunities to bring algae products to aquaculture feed formulation.

Syndel’s established distribution channels allow Heliae, a leader in algae production technology, to expand its ability to unlock the potential of algae within the aquaculture feed market.

As the global demand for fish increases, the aquaculture is industry on the rise. The global aquaculture market is valued at over $160B and according to market research is expected to grow steadily at an estimated CAGR between 3-5 percent through 2020.

However, this is an industry facing multiple challenges. As sustainability pressure on fisheries increases and feed formulators search for replacement sources of long chain, highly unsaturated fatty acids (LC-HUFAs) to feed farmed fish, new, reliable and affordable sources of omega-3 fatty acids are required.

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid key to both fish and human health. The prime source of DHA in the human diet is from consumption of DHA-rich fish such as salmon. However due to the replacement of fishmeal and fish oil with plant-based materials low in DHA in formulated feeds, the content of DHA in farmed salmon has been in decline.

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Clifford Spencer Aaquaculture without Frontiers – UK unique There are several national Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) organisations, so you may be pondering what makes this one special. In this column I’m going to discuss what AwF UK’s USP’s are and what really is going to make it stand out from the crowd.

The UK organisation will carry out all of the original aims and objectives of the founding versions plus a few more. We will promote responsible aquaculture and techniques, pay special attention to alleviating poverty, provide technical and managerial expertise of our profession from students to retirees. We will demonstrate simple techniques for facility construction, resource use, farm operation and management, and for product consumption and sale, not to mention training others. We will also cooperate with existing NGO’s, work at both the grass roots and industry level, seek integration of aquaculture with other income and food generating activities, go for long-term, well designed, operated and monitored projects that are assessed for efficiency and be transparent and accountable.

We have close ties with the African continent and plan to be heavily involved in developing and encouraging the varying forms of aquaculture there. Indeed our next activity is to work with the World Aquaculture Society in its inaugural conference in Cape Town in June this year. An initial meeting has already taken place in South Africa with the event organisers and a further meeting will take place this month in Texas at Aquaculture America in particular, to work with those setting up an African chapter of the World Aquaculture Society. We are also hosting an event there and providing speakers to promote Aquaculture America, as well as speakers aiming to promote African aquaculture, one of who will be representative of the African Union.

The UK based AwF is the co-owner of the budding National Aquaculture Centre based at the Humber Seafood Institute at Grimsby’s Europarc, located in a region of the UK where over three quarters of the nationally consumed fish is processed. Hull University is an academic partner of the National Aquaculture Centre, which will through this association receive the benefit of the involvement of the Institute of Estuarine and Coastal Studies as well as the Hull International Fisheries Institute.

In all of this, AwF will be able to guide and direct the National Aquaculture Centre’s activities to the benefit of the whole value chain of the UK aquaculture industry as well as being involved in global outreach on a project-by-project basis.

What type of programmes will AwF UK CIO offer and to whom?

Features of the charities work will be designed on the basis that fish production and consumption provides opportunities for employment, and increased family income. Remarkable levels of women participation has been achieved in aquaculture in developing countries and the skills in resource management are strongly developed by supporting fish farming. Indeed even

illiterate people are able to practice aquaculture, including operating hatcheries. For instance the number of ponds is increased in simple and basic aquaculture that comes with the charities promotion of an increased awareness on environmental and health matters. As living standards are gradually changed through the charities activities, social dignity is enhanced through involvement of the local population. From these objectives, a natural leaning to the developing world for our activities is obvious.

Feed is a major issue for fish producers with feed companies making a lot of money, sometimes not having a clue of the nutritional needs of the species. They are in effect selling a black box and everyone has to buy it!

Feed production is not sufficiently specialised and it is a major issue. In reality, fish farmers will also need to develop their own feeds and again the NAC connection can help AwF in directing effort and results to vulnerable farmers and their families.

My objectives and long-term goals as Chairman

We are keen to educate people on the value of seafood, which is something that seems to be getting lost particularly in the developing world. Indeed the key message from the UK’s National Health Service is that ‘A healthy diet should include at least two portions of fish a week, including one of oily fish.’ In its document on fish and shellfish it suggests that a portion is 140grammes. (I.e.

280grammes per week) and this information is provided on the NHS website*.

Older people in the UK eat the more seafood on average, the country has an ageing population profile where by 2035 the UK population is forecast to be 71 million with people aged 75 and over growing from 7.9 percent in 2012 to 13 percent in 2037.

Increased aquaculture production contributes to securing future nutritious food supply at the same time supporting local economies and delivering a carbon-efficient outcome. So the farming of fish needs to become the norm in the West to ensure that the current imports from developing countries become a thing of the past. In any case, the expanding middle classes will ensure there is a strong demand to pull ratio and keep these supplies in those countries whilst increasing the cost to importers of these current supplies.

Further reading: * http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/fishshellfish.aspx.

Currently Mr Spencer leads the Global Biotechnology Transfer Foundation (GBTF), which is dedicated to promoting the potential for biotechnology to support sustainable, long-term, socio-economic development. He is also Chairman of Trustees for Aquaculture without Frontiers UK.

10 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

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Eight global contestants advance in Fish-Free Feed Challenge

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he F3 Fish-Free Feed Challenge launched in November, 2015 on the HeroX crowdfunding site to encourage innovation of alternative ingredients for aquaculture fishfeeds, improve the industry’s sustainability, and to reduce pressure on wild-caught fish to supply fishfeed components. The contest is intended to help catalyse the development and sale of cost-competitive, viable aquafeeds free of fishmeal and fish oils.

The F3 Fish-Free Challenge has recently announced that eight multi-national teams have qualified to participate in the global fish-free feed technology contest. Contestants from Thailand, Indonesia, China, South Africa, Australia, Pakistan, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Belgium, and the U.S. are advancing to the first sales reporting stage of

" Teams are currently vying for a prize of more than US$200,000 in the multi-stage contest ‘F3 Fish-Free Challenge’ to develop fish-free feed for the aquaculture industry " the multi-stage contest to develop fish-free feed for the aquaculture industry.

United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) reports indicate that by 2030, 25 percent less wildcaught seafood will be available compared to today, and a similar shrinkage will occur in aquaculture unless it can overcome key constraints. One major constraint is the shortage of fishmeal for feeds. The FAO estimates than over 18 million tonnes of wild-caught fish are used each year to make fishmeal and fish oil. These small schooling fish, known as forage fish, include sardines, herring, anchovy and menhaden.

“While the global aquaculture industry has made strides to stretch the limited amount of fishmeal and fish oil to rear more fish and shrimp, there is a severe need to find alternatives to these marine products to feed aquacultureraised fish,” said University of Arizona Professor, Kevin Fitzsimmons, the former president of the World Aquaculture Society and lead spokesperson for the F3 Challenge.

Fisheries models only focus on the amount of wildcaught fish removed year after year to predict yield for commercial fisheries. These models do not account for the impacts to the species that depend on forage fish for

food such as marine mammals, seabirds, and larger fish.

Fisheries managers may need to further limit catches of forage fish so that commercial fisheries for larger fish, such as cod, tuna and salmon, will continue to exist.

Eight registered teams have submitted a specimen of feed that they want to qualify for the contest, which are currently being analysed to ensure they are free of fishmeal and fish oils.

The first company to produce and sell 100,000 metric tonnes (MT) of aquafeeds that do not contain marine animal meal or oil will be awarded a more than US$200,000 prize to support their fish-free aquafeed business. If none of the contestants have met the 100,000 MT target by September 15, 2017, the prize will go to the company closest to the target.

Contestants range from companies with their own mills and farms with multinational sales and hundreds of employees to start-up farms and ingredient companies with just a dozen employees. Farms and ingredient suppliers partnered with feedmills to form larger teams. Companies submitted feeds for a range of seafood including shrimp, tilapia and trout.

The Monterey Bay Aquarium, New England Aquarium, University of Arizona and World Bank are sponsoring the F3 Challenge, with additional donations to support the administrative costs of running the prize.

The contest arose out of discussions first held at the 2015 World Aquaculture Society meeting in Busan, Korea, between Fitzsimmons and several environmental nonprofit organizations, and demonstrates how industry and environmental groups can come together to achieve the common goal of developing cost-effective substitutes.

One of the intentions of the contest is to ensure that the feeds are at least as nutritious for the farmed-raised seafood being fed and that the final seafood produced is just as nutritious for consumers. “Eventually we would like to see that fishmeal free seafood would be considered as sustainable and good for the environment as grass-fed beef or free-range poultry,” said Fitzsimmons.

Teams are expected to report their first quarterly sales figures in January 2017. The F3 Challenge team is optimistic that the 100,000 MT target, which would represent a major milestone in validating the market viability of fish-free feeds, will be met.

Advancements so far NemiNatura, a leading producer of farmed trout in Mexico, announced today that they would begin trials of

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aquafeed, free of fishmeal, fish oil and animal products.

The diet, developed with advice from fish nutritionist “NemiNatura has been a champion of aquaculture with Dr. Frederic Barrows for San Francisco-based TwoXSea, a priority to the conservation of both nature and natural utilises natural marine algae to replace fish oil, as well as a resources since our inception,” says Citlali Gomez-Lepe, variety of plant proteins to replace fishmeal. The resulting NemiNatura CEO and founding member. “We use great feed performs as well as conventional fish-based feeds, yet care in all of our farms to leave the smallest disturbance contains none of the toxic organic compounds elements possible in the land and water supply. I believe that the that are known to bioaccumulate in fish. choice to move to a renewable food source that leaves “We began working with Dr. Barrows in 2009, when it forage fish in the ocean, where they belong, is the right became obvious that the standard of using wild-caught fish choice for us and for the planet we all share.” for aquafeed was a dead-end scenario,” says Kenny Belov, Gomez-Lepe, a biologist who also serves as the vice co-founder of TwoXSea. “We have been using our feed president of COMEPESCA (Mexican Council for the now for eight years, which is the foundation of our trout Promotion of Seafood and Aquaculture Consumption), is farm, McFarland Springs. We have always hoped that the an outspoken advocate for the consumption and sourcing industry would catch up and I am extremely proud and of sustainable and responsible seafood and aquaculture. happy that our colleagues at NemiNatura will be the first Gomez-Lepe and NemiNatura co-founding member farm to join us.”

Manuel Sarmiento will begin feed trials of the different NemiNatura and associated farms represents over 2 products and formulations presented by contestants during million pounds of trout produced per year. Switching the F3 Challenge meeting, which took place in early to non-fish based feed will leave more than 12 million January 2017 in the San Francisco Bay Area. pounds of forage fish in the ocean for larger fish, such as “We need to use forage fish in a more clear and cod, tuna and salmon, to survive. sustainable way for direct human consumption and “We are thrilled by NemiNatura’s commitment to culture | 2017 Zooplankton Weeksays Ad Dr. | Theme: The Plankton People | Design: A of| Version: 2 feed innovators that for ecosystem services,” Luis Bourillón, who support the efforts the fish-free advising NemiNatura’s work |onDimensions: this project.190mm Using X 132mm are participating in the F3 Challenge,” said University InternationalisAquafeed | Size: Half Page alternative ingredients for feed open new possibilities for of Arizona Professor Kevin Fitzsimmons, the former ecosystem restoration and for producing better trout in president of the World Aquaculture Society and lead rural aquaculture operations. With better fish we can also spokesperson for the F3 Challenge. encourage forest conservation and water management to Follow the competition’s developments in the run-up to support rural communities. He added, “It is definitely a September 2017, as we bring you the latest advancements win-win solution.” in upcoming editions of International Aquafeed.

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A real game changer for the Feed Tech Challenge

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icroSynbiotiX have won the Nutreco Feed Tech Challenge with a move judges called ‘high potential and game changing’.

The start up company won the final when the event took place on February 22-23 2017. It consisted of several challenge rounds during which 10 contestants competed.

According to the jury report, the innovation of the group had the best fit with the challenge profile: a real game changer with high potential, operating in an area where few other companies are active.

They had developed a novel method of producing oral vaccines to combat diseases and infections in aquaculture.

Very apt considering that the challenge was focused around the question ‘What is your breakthrough innovation – that CANNOT wait?’

Over 40 ideas were submitted to the event, which offered a dynamic greenhouse and pressure cooker environment with workshops and intensive interaction with the jury and fellow start-ups. The objectives were to further nurture and enrich these high potential concepts. In addition, the finalists were trained in IP, business modelling and storytelling.

High level of competition Professor Daniel Berckmans, Jury chair and of the University of Leuven, comments, “We were very impressed by the high level of the competition and it is fair to say that for all 10 finalists it was a performance in itself to have been selected to participate in the two-day event.”

He continues, “What made MicroSynbiotiX stand out was that they have developed a high risk, high potential innovation. Oral vaccination can be a real game changer in managing disease outbreaks in aquaculture, contributing to a significant reduction in the use of antibiotics and a decrease of production losses. These are the innovations that can make a difference in feeding a growing world population in a sustainable way.”

Game changer Disease outbreaks in aquaculture result in losses worth over 10 billion USD each year, accounting for over five percent of global production. Currently, vaccination is done manually, this is cumbersome and costly, it is also impractical and requires the fish or shrimp to be of a certain size and maturity.

A ‘money cannot buy’ opportunity Antonio Lamb, Chief Operating Officer and cofounder of MicroSynbiotiX, “We are really thrilled to have won.

The on-farm validation trial is a unique opportunity to accelerate our innovation, a real ‘money-cannot-buy’ opportunity. And the interaction and collaboration with Nutreco specialists, the jury members and the other start-ups was a reward in itself. That’s what makes this challenge stand out from other challenges and contests we participated in.”

Linking two worlds Viggo Halseth, Nutreco Chief Innovation Officer and one of the jury members elaborates, “Although we could select only one winner, there are several other promising

start-ups that we are really looking forward to establish a relationship with for future collaboration.”

Summarising he says, “The beauty of the Nutreco Feed Tech Challenge is that it builds a bridge between the world of a large corporation like Nutreco, with our global network and market knowledge, and the world of young, creative thinkers that have a completely new look on the challenges of today. Linking these two is a very promising recipe for success.”

Summary of contestant entries: MicroSynbiotiX (Ireland) developed oral vaccines to combat diseases and infections in aquaculture using a novel method using genetically modified microalgae as the delivery vehicle.

KnipBio (USA) developed a series of microbes that will convert low-cost feedstock into premium, nutritious, single-cell proteins laden with pigmentenhancing carotenoids to produce healthier, more vibrant fish.

EKO GEA (Slovnia) has developed a method of freeing up all available target compounds in Ascophyllum nodosum marine algae, turning it into a versatile prebiotic tool. eFishery (Indonesia) created an integrated feeding solution for fish and shrimp farming, based on an internetconnected machine that can feed the fish automatically, sense the fish’s appetite and adjust the amount of feed given with the appetite.

FarmControl (Portugal) created a solution that allows farmers to monitor and control remotely in real time, any type of equipment on their farm.

Fodjan (Germany) built a web platform for feed management for the livestock sector connecting the different stakeholders in feeding strategies (i.e. farmer, consultant, trader, and veterinarian), plus laboratories and feeding machinery.

Hexafly (Ireland) has developed a technology to produce Hermetia illucens (black soldier fly) while limiting waste to zero and developing high-value coproducts for the plant nutrition and biopolymer industry.

LifeBioencapsulation (Spain) has developed solutions to microencapsulate functional molecules and microorganisms in order to increase their efficacy in case of oral administration.

Ten Kate (The Netherlands) has created protein modifications with antimicrobial and growth enhancing properties, resulting in a healthier (young) livestock population with better growth perspectives and reduced use of antibiotics.

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Delivering the goods: the DNA of Atlantic salmon breeding

endrix Genetics stepped into the emerging world of aquaculture back in 2011 with its first acquisition of Scottish salmon breeder Landcatch. Over the last six years its aquaculture presence has grown exponentially. With heavy investments in Chile and Scotland the Landcatch breeding programme evolved to a strong global production base, leveraging global knowledge with local application. The Landcatch products are bred with balance in mind to ensure that its customers receive the best solutions right from the start.

From small beginnings

Landcatch was founded in 1980 on a Scottish estate by Sir William Lithgow, Scottish industrialist and chairman of the Lithgow Group. The farm was set up to utilize the natural resources of the estate and contribute to the local community.

From these humble beginnings, The Landcatch strain of Atlantic salmon has been developed into a global brand by the application of solid science and expertise and partnership with salmon producers.

The strategic distribution of the salmon breeding facilities in Chile, Scotland (UK), and soon to open in Norway, enable the company to leverage the ideal water conditions for the growth and maintenance of its breeding stock, as well as serve customers all over the world. All the state-of-the-art breeding stock and incubation facilities are built to the highest standards for the production of genetically superior, disease-free eggs.

With integrated breeding programmes and global eggproduction sites steered by one central R&D team, the development of its Atlantic salmon strains accelerates to meet the demands of the international market. At the same time, the final offering is adapted to local market circumstances and environmental challenges.

The Landcatch breeding programme for Atlantic salmon in Chile is backed up by the excellent resources from its parent company Hendrix Genetics. Hendrix Genetics has a long tradition in genetic improvement of both terrestrial and aquatic species, with primary activities in layers, turkeys, traditional poultry, swine, salmon and trout and with operations and joint ventures in 24 countries and more than 2,900 employees worldwide.

Moreover, strategic research alliances with leading research institutes in the aquaculture domain (including Wageningen University and Research in the Netherlands, the Roslin institute

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and Universities of Glasgow and Stirling in the United Kingdom) allow direct access to excellent research which enable early adoption of the latest technology to keep the programmes amongst the worlds’ best.

Robbert Blonk, Director of R&D Aquaculture has commented, “We have a very effective salmon breeding programme. We breed Atlantic salmon that grows fast to a good product and has improved survival. In our programme we select for faster growth, lower fat, improved slaughter traits, colour, improved survival, and reduced incidence for specific diseases, including IPN, sea lice/ caligus, SRS, and AGD.” Some historic results of the Landcatch salmon programme are shown in figure 1 for harvest weight and fillet weight. The genetic programme has a long history when it comes to improving growth or general survival and from Figure 1 it shows that this leads to improvement. The basics of the breeding effort date back to 1980, when the original Landcatch strain was started in Scotland.

STRONG ENOUGH TO FACE EVERYTHING!

Solid genetic solutions

In all Hendrix Genetics’ breeding programmes, data is collected for all relevant traits and at different moments during the life cycle.

Hendrix Genetics uses extensive pedigree and phenotypic data and state-of-the art genetic methods to calculate the most accurate breeding values for all animals in its breeding programmes.

To evaluate the breeding value of its nucleus selection candidates

Figure 1. Estimated breeding values for harvest weight (harvwt), fillet weight (filletwt) in the Landcatch Atlantic salmon breeding programme from 2006 until 2015. Production cycles are indicated with different colours

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Figure 3. Difference between classical and genomic selection methods: the classical method may still select suboptimal animals (indicated with red) within good families (green) and miss out good animals (blue).

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Figure 4.Different susceptibility, in terms of family average EBV of days until death of families to SRS from challenge tests in the Landcatch Atlantic salmon breeding programme.

Hendrix Genetics not only test them on their facilities but also collects performance information under commercial production circumstances, so-called sentinel sea cages. The population in these sentinel sea cages consists of brothers and sisters of selection candidates in the nucleus (Figure 2). The information from the sentinel sea cages is used to estimate the breeding values of selection candidates in the nucleus and thereby has a large impact on the animals selected for the production of the next generation. By using sentinel populations the best of both worlds is used - animals for the production eggs are free of diseases and selected for production under commercial conditions including commercial densities, feed management, oxygen levels etc.

State of the art genomic selection: beyond QTL

Figure 5 A and B: mean sea lice counts and Caligus damage score vs resistance and susceptibility associated with QTL markers as used by Hendrix Genetics.

In its genetic improvement programme Hendrix Genetics uses stateof-the-art technologies to get the best genetic progress in its stocks.

With full focus on improving growth and survival under commercial conditions, the company delivers the best results using a mix of classical breeding and QTL. For its newest stocks they have also added genomic selection to the mix. Hendrix Genetics was the first commercial breeding company to adopt genomic selection for multiple traits in its aquaculture breeding programmes. Genomic selection offers not only a unique opportunity to benefit from increased understanding of the Atlantic salmon genomics but also to simplify choices.

With genomic selection, Hendrix Genetics uses the fact that many genes in the DNA each are coding for an effect on a trait. A genomic estimated breeding value (GEBV) for a particular animal in this context is the calculated sum of effects of all these genes. Whilst one expects a small number of genes to have a significant effect and the effect of most genes to be zero, the great power of Genomic Selection derives from the large number of genes whose effects, though tiny, are not zero. It is these many thousands of tiny effects that combined add up to a very significant effect. Genomic selection incorporates information

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on the genomic profile of animals, which allows us to capture genetic variation that would be invisible to traditional approaches to selection. Incorporating information on the genomic profile allows us to more accurately predict an animals’ breeding value.

This improved breeding value is referred to as genomic breeding value.

The advantage of genomic selection for salmon producers is that one can now accurately predict the breeding value of an individual animal, also for traits that cannot be measured on live animals, such as slaugther traits as fillet weight, and but also survival traits under commercial conditions like in sentinel sea cages.

Programme on SRS in Chile doubled selection response

Hendrix Genetics invest to improve the ability of our fish to survive under commercial conditions. This includes disease challenge experiments to improve its stocks’ resistance to specific diseases, including experiments in which relatives of nucleus animals are challenged with SRS. In these experiments, large differences are found between families in mortality due to SRS. From more detailed analysis of the data, the researchers found that resistance to SRS is highly heritable: h2 is 0.389, which means that close to 40 percent of the differences are heritable.

This implies that challenge experiments can help to breed fish with higher resistance to SRS. The eggs with improved resistance against SRS are available

to customers since last December. By challenging brothers and sisters of nucleus broodstock in high containment infection units, Hendrix Genetics tested for the ability of animals to resist SRS. They obtained a genomic profile for all challenged animals and their relatives in the bio-secure nucleus using its custom-made 30,000 SNP chip. The results of the challenge experiments and the genomic profiles are used to obtain genomic breeding values for SRS resistance of all nucleus broodstock animals. Results are shown in figure 5.

These GEBVs are now used for newly selected stocks, to select the best performing parents for the production of eggs for customers and for the production of the next generation of broodstock animals. Consequently, Hendrix Genetics is delivering better quality Landcatch eggs to its customers while they further improve its broodstock to do an even better job in the future. The first eggs genetically improved with genomic selection were shipped last December. Using genomic selection, the company expects to double the selection response to SRS resistance in the coming generation.

Programme on sealice

Atlantic salmon resistance to sea lice (both Caligus and Lepeophtheirus) is heritable: h2 varies between year classes but is estimated to be 0.35. This means selection against this parasite is effective. The Landcatch strain has a history of successful selection for resistance to sea lice, both in Scotland and in Chile.

In addition to classical selection against sea lice, Hendrix Genetics uses Marker Assisted Selection to identify animals with lower susceptibility to sea lice. The R&D team found associations between lice counts and damage on Atlantic salmon with different QTLs (susceptible vs resistance markers) in Atlantic salmon (see figure 5 A and B). Furthermore, through a significant collaborative R&D effort they have demonstrated the effectiveness of application of genomic selection and are applying this to increase resistance to sea lice in all its Atlantic salmon breeding programmes.

Fewer lice

Figure 6. Breeding values for sea lice count in one and two year old Atlantic salmon in the Landcatch Atlantic salmon breeding programmes from 2007 onwards. Production cycles are indicated with different colours.

The results of the Landcatch selection programmes can be seen in a negative trend for presence of sea lice in its populations of 2015 (Figure 6). Even though the variation in breeding values recorded in 2011 at the Landcatch breeding programmes was small, the difference between good and bad families was

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relatively small, and the level of sea lice counts in year group 2015 was lower compared to the level in their parents in 2011.

This illustrates the success of the breeding programme.

Right from the start

Hendrix Genetics strives to breed high quality Landcatch salmon eggs and smolts with the best survival, health and growth rates possible. They aim for balanced breeding that enables sustainable and profitable salmon production. While Hendrix

Genetics is a global leader in salmon genetics, the focus is on delivering a clear choice of genetically excellent products for customers. This means offering a simple selection of high quality Landcatch salmon eggs and smolts that are bred to deliver all desired and necessary characteristics in one.

With global production sites in the world’s main salmon producing countries, the innovative Landcatch breeding programme delivers salmon that are adapted to each environment within the global commercial market right from the start.

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How to control moulds in aquaculture

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by Dr Elisabeth Holl and Tilman Wilke, Dr Eckel Animal Nutrition GmbH & Co., Germany

ne of the most critical factors in global feed and food production remains to be the prevention of post-harvest losses of raw materials.

Efficient preservation methods for plant based components with organic acids are therefore of special interest also for the continually growing aquaculture sector and its requirement for industrially produced aquafeed.

Aquafeed traditionally relies on fishmeal as the predominant protein source. Limited volumes and high prices make it economically and environmentally necessary to look for other sustainable options for aquafeed formulation. Therefore, plant components that are used as alternative protein sources in commercial fish feeds are soybean meal, rapeseed meal, sunflower meal and wheat. However, these components are subject to deterioration caused by moulds and yeasts, especially in warm climates. There are multiple factors leading to spoilage in feed and food such as moisture content, temperature, storage conditions and the naturally occurring microbial contamination.

Nutrient losses

Moulds in feed are a serious economic problem because they consume the main nutrients and affect the palatability of the feed.

Losses of nutrients caused by moulds can occur in magnitudes up to 10 percent. Especially the crude fat content of grains is affected by mould growth during storage, even more so than proteins and carbohydrates. Losses in metabolisable energy from maize may even reach 25 percent.

aflatoxins, primarily produced by aspergillus ssp. during storage of feed and raw materials. For yellow catfish Gonรงalves (2010) described growth depression and decreasing feed conversion ratio with increasing levels of Aflatoxins in the diet. Trout, Tilapia and shrimp have also been shown to be susceptible to Aflatoxin contamination in the feed, reacting with weight loss, liver damage or increased mortalities (Tacon, 2002).

Feed preservation is key

Prevention is the recommended method to avoid the problems arising from nutrient losses and mycotoxin contamination due to mouldy feeds. This means minimising the microbial spoilage from time of harvest to the final use of the material. Several methods are possible to preserve raw materials and feed in practice. These methods include drying, oxygen deprivation, cooling and the application of chemical preservatives. The use of organic acids to prevent feed and food spoilage is widespread.

To get the highest preservation success, the right choice for preservative and the correct application are imperative.

Choose the right preservative

Due to its lipophilic character, propionic acid and its salts is especially effective against moulds, making it the organic acid of choice when contemplating feed preservation. As a result of its pKa value of 4.8, propionic acid is also active at a neutral pH, which more closely matches the native pH value in grain and feed. Organic acids cause inhibition of micro-organisms by

The danger of mycotoxins

Apart from these nutrient losses, moulds also produce mycotoxins, threatening animal and human health. Aflatoxins for instance can be transferred into animal tissues and therefore pose a serious risk for the consumer (carry-through-effect).

The detrimental effects of mycotoxins, on animal health and performance, have been comprehensively studied in land animals but there are relatively few studies in aquaculture systems. There is however evidence, that fungi and mycotoxins have a negative impact on health and performance of fish. The most important mycotoxicosis in fish and shrimp is caused by

Figure 1: Effect of Dr. Eckel MoldCid on CO2 formation in an in vitro preservation test

22 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

rapid diffusion of the non-dissociated molecule into the cell.

Dissociation (release of the H+ Ion) of these molecules in the cell of the bacteria causes acidification of the cytoplasm thereby preventing growth (Lambert & Stratford, 1999) This is typically more effective at a low pH when –depending on the respective pKa- a higher proportion of the acid is nondissociated.

Furthermore, propionates have been shown to prevent the formation of Ochratoxin A by Aspergillus sulphureus and Penicillium viridicatum (Tong & Draughton, 1985). Shekar et al, (2009) described a reduction of Aflatoxin in postharvest maize by propionic acid and sodium propionate.

The efficacy of different preservatives may easily be tested with the so-called CO2 test. In this test, the volume of carbon dioxide formed by microorganisms is measured in vitro. As moulds grow, they consume oxygen from the air and produce CO2. The higher the amount of CO2, the higher the contamination with moulds in the substrate. As shown in figure 1, the application of a propionic acid based preservative (MoldCid) decreases the CO2 production in grain, giving a clear indication that the microbial activity was reduced.

Figure 3: Mould growth in soy bean meal with and without MoldCid

time. The mould inhibitor should be applied before the grain is milled. If the preserved grain is stored outside, it should be Protecting workers and equipment covered, but not before at least three day have elapsed to avoid The protection of staff and equipment is also an important criterion when evaluating mould inhibitors. Companies often face the formation of condensed water. Regular sensory control is advisable to detect any spoilage in time. The temperature in the the decision of investing in acid resistant equipment or having to grain must not rise after storage but should decrease over the replace corroded parts regularly. Choosing a buffered acid or the period of two to three months. The grain should not be conveyed acid salt, or the combination thereof, solves this problem without with a blower directly after application of the preservative, losing efficacy. This has the added effect of avoiding chemical because acid that has not yet penetrated into the kernels may reactions between the acid and other ingredients in feed. evaporate with the airstream. If a blower is used the dosage MoldCid, a unique blend of buffered propionic acid on a should be increased by 10 percent. special carrier and propionic acid salts, guarantees a reliable and Often, not enough attention is given to the condition of the powerful preservation of grain and other raw materials during storerooms. One reason is the poor accessibility of the silos where harvest and feed in the feed mill and on the farm (figure 1). the feed is stored. The hatch is usually at the top of the silo and routine hygiene inspections and manual cleaning procedures are Application tips difficult to perform. Cleaning hatches are also often not available.

Apart from the choice of preservative, the preservation success Condensation can form on the walls inside of silos and lead to the is dependent on a variety of factors. The dosage rate has to be formation of isolated nests of moulds that may spread through adapted to the type of raw material, moisture content and storage the complete feedstock. Hygiene of the silos is therefore not always guaranteed. For optimal feed " The reduction of mouldTable 1: Risk factors for spoilage hygiene, it is therefore essential to induced losses and the Risk address raw material preservation low medium high prevention of mycotoxin and silo hygiene at the same time. moisture, %

microbial population

9 – 11

11 – 14

> 14

< 10,000

15,000 – 100,000

> 100,000

finisher

grower

starter

< 40 dry, warm

60 – 60 variable

> 60| rainy, changing temperatures

animal category humidity, % Weather

build up helps saving raw materials, minimising costs and increasing the efficiency of food production"

Table 2: Efficacy range and proportion of undissociated acid at different pH values of different organic acids (Krämer, 2002) Acid

Effective against

Proportion of undissociated acid at changing pH values (in %)

Bacteria

Yeasts

Fungi

pH 3

pH 4

pH 5

pH 6

+

++

++

98

85

37

5,5

0,6

Benzoic acid

+/++

++

++

94

61

13

1,5

0,15

Formic acid

++

+/++

++

83

32

4,5

0,47

0,048

Propionic acid

+

++

++

99

88

43

7,0

0,8

Sorbic acid

pH 7

- = no effect; + = weak to marked effect; ++ = good effect

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 23

Summary

Grain preservation can make an important contribution to the improvement of feed hygiene, thereby furthering the production of healthy food. The reduction of mould-induced losses and the prevention of mycotoxin build up helps saving raw materials, minimising costs and increasing the efficiency of food production.

A very important prerequisite for the preservation success is the choice of the right preservative and an exact and adequate dosage rate.

FEATURE

High in protein and highly digestible: feather meal as alternative to FIshmeal

S

by Sophie Gregoire, Soleval, France

oleval is a leading French supplier of land animal proteins that have been used for many years as nutritional ingredients in the pet food sector. The company is known and recognized for the safety of its products, based on EU regulation* for animal byproducts (the strictest in the world) and their nutritional value. After the reintroduction of PAPs (Processed animal Proteins) into the European Aquafeed market in June 2013, Soleval naturally ventured into this new market.

A real force in its market, the company decided to enlarge its offer to fish feed producers with a range of poultry proteins dedicated to premium formulations. Looking for the highest protein content and the best digestibility, Soleval also developed two years ago a range of innovative feather meals called Hypro TM providing excellent nutritional performances.

Nutritional performance in terms of protein content and digestibility

Considering the carbon footprint of aquafeed and the evergrowing price of traditional fish ingredients, this new feather meal appears as a valuable protein source to be used to replace wild fishmeal. Facing an increasing demand in the aquaculture sector, fish feed producers and farmers using this new feather meal may find a chance to diversify their supply, lower their carbon impact and reduce logistics costs while maintaining growth performance due to the nutritional quality of the feather meal in terms of digestibility and capacity to provide essential nutrients.

According to Mélanie Guédon, responsible for the Aquafeed markets at Soleval, “Processed animal Proteins (PAPs) contain

a lot of interesting nutrients like digestible proteins and amino acids. Feather meal is also very interesting”.

However, facts and figures are more credible than promises therefore Soleval decided to support its offer with external studies. Results from a recent growth trial suggested that replacing fishmeal by PAPs shows better results than replacing it with vegetable proteins. It is actually possible to replace 100 percent of the fishmeal in the diet of Nile tilapia with equivalent fish growth.

This study was conducted in 2014-2015 by Soleval with Dr Wutiporn Phromkunthon, Associate Professor at the Department of Aquatic Science, Prince of Songkla University (Thailand) who assessed the effect of using poultry proteins on growth performance.

The first results were very encouraging. They demonstrate how important it is for PAPs used in fish feed formulations to provide specific guarantees not only in terms of protein content, but also and above all, in terms of digestible protein content. This is the reason why Soleval decided to strengthen its existing offer of poultry proteins and develop a new range of premium hydrolyzed feather meal.

Melanie explains, “Soleval has a competitive advantage in terms of innovation and development. We are part of Tessenderlo Group, an international speciality group with a global presence providing solutions for needs in food, agriculture, water management and efficient use and re-use of byproducts. Our mother company has a unique R&D center located in Belgium with experienced researchers, pilots and laboratories equipped with cutting-edge instruments”. As a result of this support, R&D Soleval teams were able to develop this new range of hydrolyzed feathers.

The first Hypro TM feather meals are now produced in France

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FEATURE

with a specific hydrolysis and drying technology achieving very interesting nutritional qualities compared to other protein sources. Not only have they a high protein content (over 85%), but also they are highly digestible (83% in rainbow trout, INRA Method, with the entry level)** which allows an optimized diet formulation. Furthermore, the high level of soluble proteins contained in these hydrolyzed feathers also means better palatability and easier pellet processing.

To achieve this performance, Soleval use only fresh carefully selected and traced poultry feathers collected from selected partners in the French slaughterhouses. The meal is produced in two dedicated plants following the highest European standards regarding food safety and traceability. Also focusing on nutritional performance, Soleval positions its feather meal as premium ingredients: no mix of blood or undesirable elements are to be found in the raw material. On the top of that, the patented technology with a very tight set of parameters and strict process controls contributes to maximize nutritional value and digestibility.

“We started only two years ago on the market”, Mélanie says, “but have great ambitions in terms of product quality and service. We know the value of our existing feather meals. Since November 2016, we conduct complementary in vivo studies on some commercial species raised in Europe”. The purpose is to test the nutritional performances of the Soleval feather meal during a long period of growth, i.e. several months. The final results should be available this summer and published in autumn.

“We found that fish feed producers are very interested in our

ADDITIVES FOR AQUACULTURE SOLUTIONS

NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHYTOBIOTICS FOR AQUACULTURE Growth promoters Anti-parasites Attractants Hepatoprotectors Antioxidants Detoxifiers

"Considering the carbon footprint of aquafeed and the ever-growing price of traditional fish ingredients, this new feather meal appears as a valuable protein source to be used to replace wild fishmeal" premium feather meals. Farmers will also benefit from the use of feather meals in the diet of their farmed fishes. They are a sustainable alternative to fish ingredients that can provide equivalent nutritional and growth performance as long as they meet the appropriate quality and safety levels. Above all, their use in fish or shrimp formulas helps to reduce the cost of feeds and consequently improves farm performance.”

Melanie adds, “we are now ready to launch a new product in the coming months with even better performances. The latest addition to the Hypro TM family will be a low temperature feather hydrolysate”. The company keeps things confidential for now, but the first tonnes should be available starting in autumn this year.

Product quality is essential to be prized as a best in class partner. But also service. This is why Soleval also decided to create a new commercial structure to commercialize its proteins from France and some from Belgium to key customers in the aquafeed sector. With the name of Prossential, meaning proteins are essential as well as professionalism is essential, this structure clearly wants to become a Best in class partner of the aquafeed sector”. **Regulation (CE) No 1069/2009 **Study conducted with Soleval’s Hypro TM entry level.

Ongoing tests with premium specialties should demonstrate even

Chelated minerals

C/ San Romualdo 12-14 • 28037 Madrid (Spain) +34 902 15 77 11 • +34 91 725 08 00 liptosa@liptosa.com • www.liptosa.com

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 25

FEATURE

Joining forces for a sustainable European aquaculture sector of the future

A

QUAEXCEL2020 is a €9.7 million European Union-funded Horizon 2020 research infrastructure project aimed at supporting the sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector in Europe. It comprises a large group of leading European aquaculture research facilities that work towards bringing aquaculture research in Europe to a new level by 2020. It will do so by integration of the European aquaculture community, and providing it with crucial tools, facilities, and novel services to conduct advanced fish research.

Aquaculture currently provides about half of the fish for human consumption worldwide. The demand for fish is rising, but fisheries are not expected to grow due to fully or overexploited fish stocks. Aquaculture production seeks to meet this increasing demand for fish, but while the aquaculture sector is growing in the rest of the world, it has stagnated in Europe in recent years. The European aquaculture industry has ambitions to grow sustainably with continuing efficient and environmentally responsible production of high-value fish products. This will be possible if it ensures excellent scientific research and translates results into innovation and industrial growth.

Nofima Centre for Recirculation in Aquaculture, Norway ©Nofima

European researchers need effective and convenient access to the best aquaculture research infrastructures to conduct research for the advancement of knowledge and technology in the aquaculture sector. AQUAEXCEL2020 aims to bring together, integrate, and open up diverse key national and regional aquaculture research infrastructures in Europe to all European researchers, from both academia and industry, ensuring their optimal use and joint development. These research infrastructures are made available through the AQUAEXCEL2020 Transnational Access (TNA) program. Building on the success of its predecessor AQUAEXCEL (2011-2015), the AQUAEXCEL2020 project unites a group of major aquaculture experimental facilities that have the capacity to undertake experimental trials on a selection of commercially important aquaculture fish species and system types.

Almost half of the project’s budget will go into the provision of this transnational access to aquaculture research facilities and harmonised services for both academic users as well as private sector users, especially SMEs. Academic and industry researchers will then be able to perform their research projects with “free

26 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

Nofima Cleaner fish experimental unit, Norway ©Terje Aamodt and Nofima

FEATURE

of charge” access to 39 top EU aquaculture research infrastructures that are not available in their country of origin. Over 100 researchers have previously used this opportunity to extend their investigations including on different systems, species, and facility and water types, as part of AQUAEXCEL and AQUAEXCEL2020.

One of the current key areas of interest for the aquaculture industry is sustainable aquaculture feed, and fish farmers are always looking for sustainable feed that can make fish strong and healthy. A recently published study led by the Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) in Spain concludes that marine feed ingredients in aquaculture can potentially be replaced by plant ingredients without detrimental effects, ICRA facilities, Spain ©Fernando de la Gándara and IEO when appropriate feed additives are added.

This research was made possible through combining long-term research efforts in AQUAEXCEL and Pathology Groups of the Institute of Aquaculture Torre de ARRAINA (an EU-funded project with focus on sustainable la Sal (IATS-CSIC; project partner in AQUAEXCEL2020), in nutrition in aquaculture) with short-term studies through the collaboration with scientific (Centro de Ciências do Mar - project Transnational Access (TNA) program in AQUAEXCEL and partner in AQUAEXCEL2020, and Norwegian University of Life AQUAEXCEL2020. ARRAINA investigated fish diets with a Sciences), and industrial (BIOMAR, and NOREL) partners, found that butyrate supplementation helps to preserve intestinal high replacement of marine ingredients by plant raw materials function in gilthead sea bream that are fed plant-based diets. as alternatives to the traditional fishmeal as aquaculture feed.

Plant-based fish food is seen as more sustainable than those The conjunction with the two TNA projects allowed this study’s containing marine products, such as fishmeal. Research shows integrative approach investigating the impact of the ARRAINA diets that some farmed fish species can survive without any or with a on the fish’s intestinal health and integrity. very limited supply (< 7%) of marine feed ingredients but they can The team of researchers of the Fish Nutrigenomics and

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 27

FEATURE

Facilities at CSIC, Spain ©Jaume Pérez-Sánchez (IATS-CSIC)

then suffer from decreased efficiency to digest food and increased susceptibility to diseases and stress. Sodium butyrate is one of the most promising feed additives to be used in aquaculture to prevent these adverse effects. It is a salt of short-chain fatty acid produced by bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates.

Two Transnational Access (TNA) studies were conducted to define the most effective butyrate dose for gilthead sea bream based on growth performance and measures of intestinal function, architecture and permeability. Fish given the butyrate supplement showed fewer intestinal problems normally associated with a plant-based diet. This finding was supported by several different approaches carried out by the research team.

The authors investigated 80 intestinal genetic markers and could show changes in the expression of genes involved in antioxidant defence, epithelial permeability and mucus production when fish were fed with plant-based diets alone. Most of these were returned to normal when sodium butyrate was added to the diet.

The research was published in the scientific journal PLOS ONE, (http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0166564).

The team’s next steps will be to investigate if the benefits of the butyrate supplement can also be found in the protein and bacteria composition found in the digestive system. It will be a big challenge to understand how these functional features are modified by genetic and epigenetic factors and an important step towards establishing gilthead sea bream as a powerful model for the development of sustainable and healthy fish feeds.

Other expected outcomes from the AQUAEXCEL2020 project are, for example, standardised protocols for fish experiments,

NAIK Pond-in-pond system, Hungary ©NAIK HAKI

Fish eggs ©INRA PEIMA

allowing high quality experimental designs and repeatability, including trait definitions, experimental conditions and procedures. The project is also developing innovative biosensors for monitoring the physiological status of fish in a minimal invasive manner. “FishBIT” is a new way to monitor fish health, welfare and nutritional condition via biosensors (to watch the video, visit www.aquaexcel2020.eu/media-centre/media). The project also plans to assemble catalogues of fish lines that are available for transnational access, with reference phenotypic and genomic information. Definition of common standards and data interoperability across research infrastructures will foster collaborative activities, including with two infrastructures of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI).

An integrated portal providing one-stop information about, and access to all aquaculture facilities in Europe is available through the project’s website at www.aquaexcel2020.eu and will be continuously updated. Aquaculture facilities who would like to be included in this unique aquaculture research infrastructure directory, in the form of an interactive map, should visit the project website and register. The interactive map is a powerful tool to identify aquaculture facilities, genetic and human resources and to promote mutual collaboration.

AQUAEXCEL2020 is eager to contribute to educating a new generation of aquaculture researchers and industry stakeholders to use their new knowledge, skills and tools to advance an innovative, sustainable aquaculture sector. Nine unique state-ofthe-art training courses, three of them held as distance learning courses, are being offered between April 2016 and September

Sole breeders at AquaCOV facilities at IEO, Spain ©IEO

28 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

In the lab at INRA PEIMA, France ©INRA PEIMA

Sampling at ULPGC, Spain ©ULPGC

2020, and are open for anyone interested. Registration and course fee for participants are covered by the AQUAEXCEL2020 project.

Knowledge management plays a pivotal role in successful innovation. Therefore, AQUAEXCEL2020 has set up an innovative knowledge management protocol to ensure that all new knowledge will be transferred to relevant end users, facilitating the integration of new discoveries to the advancement of the European aquaculture sector. Researchers within the project and users of the transnational access (TNA) program are requested to describe their research results, together with their applications and anticipated impact. After consultation with aquaculture industry experts, the knowledge generated through the AQUAEXCEL2020 project and its TNA programme will be transferred to relevant industry stakeholders.

We cannot predict which innovations will come out of AQUAEXCEL2020 and its TNA programme, but we look forward to finding out. By establishing a facility within the project that aims at maximizing the possibilities for new knowledge to be translated into innovation, the possibilities for success are substantially increased. This brings us one step closer to our goal of supporting the sustainable growth of the aquaculture sector in Europe.

The AQUAEXCEL2020 consortium comprises 22 partners based in 12 European countries, who are considered leaders in their respective domains of expertise, offering access to 39 top-level aquaculture facilities in Europe.

The project will run for five years from 2015 to 2020, with a total budget of €9.7 million funded by the European Union.

The project is coordinated by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) in France.

Dr Marc Vandeputte, AQUAEXCEL2020 project coordinator, is a researcher in fish genetics and coordinates aquaculture research at INRA. Ranked the number one agricultural institute in Europe and number two in the world, INRA carries out mission-oriented research for high-quality and healthy foods, competitive and sustainable agriculture and a preserved and valorised environment. In aquaculture, INRA has internationally recognized teams in fish physiology, nutrition, genetics and pathology.

AquaTT is the project dissemination partner. www.aquaexcel2020.eu International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 29

FEATURE

I

Left: The Crystal Red Shrimp (CRS) Right: Other varieties available in the aquarium market

by Huang, Chang-Wen, National Taiwan Ocean University, Department of Aquaculture

n modern times, as people lead a busy and fasttempo life and face heavy pressure, they are eager to have a high quality of life and relax by interacting with the natural world; hence, the demand for recreation and healing products is growing. As estimated by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the total value driven by global ornamental aquatic animals, ancillary water quality equipment, and other such industries is projected to reach 15 billion USD. In addition, the retail market of ornamental fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, and other ornamental aquatic organisms is estimated at about 6 billion USD each year. The production and trade flow of such ornamental aquatic organisms are closely associated with the development direction of the industry, and have become products with development potential and competitive advantage. At present, more than 100 countries have developed similar related industries, which have become star industries.

The related value chains of the ornamental aquarium industry include, from upstream to downstream, breeding farms, interface equipment, sales channels, and cultural media, which focus on breeding animals and plants. The various ornamental aquatic organisms are ever changing and have amazing appearance and characteristics, as well as glorious colors. In recent years, raising ornamental aquatic organisms has become one of the activities for people to relieve anxiety and life stress. People are especially enamored with ornamental shrimps, which can create wonderful life in a small space. In spite of the sluggish ornamental aquarium market, the sales of ornamental shrimps can increase, and gradually stimulate the Otaku Economy, which will facilitate alleviating physical and mental pressure and Lohas aesthetics.

From rags to riches

It is appropriate to use the phrase “rags to riches” to describe the presence and evolution of ornamental shrimps in the past two decades. The shrimps are collected from the wild, look ordinary, are priced at tael, and used as feed. However, after long-term continuous innovation and improvement, the original species of bee shrimps and Neocaridina Denticulate have acquired a new look and show a wide array of colors. They are dreamlike highend products, and considered as works of art. Coupled with their subtle colors and special lines, their worth can double, thus, they can create a staggering output value. In addition to increasing the beauty of aquarium landscaping, shrimps can also command

residual fees, remove algae from the water, and contribute to the ecological stability of an aquarium; therefore, they meet the global trend of small aquariums, and have been welcomed by aquarium enthusiasts in developed countries. To date, they remain the key targets of popular aquarium pets, which are highly sought-after in the aquarium industry both at home and abroad.

New Aristocracy of the Shrimp Market

How much money can a small ornamental shrimp command?

The prices range from tens of thousands of NTD to several hundred thousand NTD; for example, the crystal red shrimp (referred to as CRS), which has become popular around the globe. CRS evolved from the bee shrimp, and is Atyidae, Caridina, and Neocaridina. It can be kept at weak acid soft water, with a pH value ranging from 6.0 to 7.2, an aquarium temperature of 23-25°C, and can be raised with other freshwater ornamental shrimps. In addition to red, CRSs can be black, while other types, such as the Crystal Red Bee Shrimp “Mosura” and Crystal Black Bee Shrimp “Mosura”, Black King Kong, Red Wine Shrimp, Panda Shrimp, Gold Shrimp, and other creative strains have widely varied colors.

The colored shrimps improved from Neocaridina Denticulate are Atyidae and small ornamental Neocaridina shrimps, which can be kept in weak acid soft water, with the pH value ranging from 6.0 to 7.2 and water temperature environment at 23-25°C. The colored shrimps that are commonly seen in the market include more than 20 varieties, such as Fire Shrimp, Ultra Fire Shrimp, Rili Shrimp, Blue Valet, Chocolate, Bloody Mary, Sunkist, Snow Ball, and Snow White. Different strains continue to increase, and based on color, can be divided into red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, black, white, and other color shrimps.

The varieties of rili shrimp are the most eye-catching among colored shrimps, which have bright red heads and tails and a transparent body that looks like stained glass, and was the start of the trend of the present current global aquarium market.

According to the statistics released by the Taiwan Ornamental Fish Association (TOFA), each year since 2010, more than 18 million ornamental shrimps have been exported from Taiwan; meaning six out of every 10 ornamental shrimps in the world came from Taiwan. Therefore, Taiwan has become the world’s leading exporter of crystal red shrimps, and earns billions of dollars through exports. Furthermore, the export of crystal red shrimps drives other related aquarium products, and plays the role that “small potatoes make great contributions”. In addition

30 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

to fulfilling the original concept of promoting R&D, considerable and unexpected commercial space and effectiveness are generated, and in the future, more miracles will continue to be created.

New Ideas for Breed Improvement

The body colors of ornamental shrimp, as the name implies, must show stable “beauty and brilliance” to achieve ornamental value. The primary reason for Taiwan’s ornamental shrimp industry to maintain its global leading position can be summarized as the core basic technology of “breeding”.

Shrimps with ideal colors or texture trait genes are mated with other shrimp species in order to create more genetic variants, as based on rich experience accumulated through long-term keen observation and generations of breeding and production processes. The improved varieties are obtained through a series of screening and backcross breeding.

Presently, the ornamental shrimp industry is confronted with various problems, such as market disorder and difficulties in research and development. As ordinary consumers lack knowledge of the commercial value of various shrimp products, they are not able to identify market products, which easily results in confusion regarding market price and quality. Additionally, the greatest difficulty in studying new strains of ornamental shrimp is that their related genealogy has not yet been completely identified, thus, relevant genes remain unclear, and such a myriad of unknown factors is the principal reason for the confusion regarding the strains available on the market, which is likely to reduce the efficiency and chance of success when developing new varieties.

In order to more efficiently achieve the goal of breed improvement, classic Mendelian inheritance, population genetics, quantitative inheritance, molecular genetics, genome decoding, and other disciplinary knowledge are applied to breeding strategies. Many scientists have begun to seek the molecular markers of genetic materials, and detect their relevance among the target traits, in order to drive the breeding approach of the traditional phenotype in selecting the ideal genotype, and thus, attain the objective of breeding new varieties at the genetic level.

Such “marker-assisted selection” (MAS) technology has created a new field of academic research.

New Elements of Gene Selection

The purpose of ornamental shrimp breeding is to breed varieties with excellent colors and textures; however, the traits

of different hybrid offspring are exceedingly complex. By contrast, molecular MAS, as compared with the traditional breeding programs, can identify the genotypes of an individual, and its identification effect is not influenced by the growth period or environment of ornamental shrimps. Moreover, it has the advantage of taking shrimp shell samples for analysis, thus, it is beneficial to early strain selection, boosts selection efficiency, and significantly shortens breeding time. In the international community, MAS can be applied to identify biological species, genetic diversity, gene mapping, gene purity detection, and assist breeding.

For instance, one variety of ornamental shrimp has delicate and full colors, but lacks special texture; while the color quality of other wild species is poor, but has special texture genes.

Although traditional technology can introduce the latter’s special texture genes into the former species through hybrid breeding, large numbers of offspring are produced, and it is difficult to distinguish which shrimps actually carry special texture genes.

The MAS method of molecular biology can be adopted to screen individuals with special texture genes, via genetic markers, and then, such individuals are mated with the fine mother strains, via backcross breeding, in order to reduce the poor quality genes until only the special texture genes remain, meaning the remaining good body color traits are derived from the genes of fine varieties. In this way, the possible original breeding time of four to eight years can be shortened to two to four years.

Recently, the combination of traditional disciplines, molecular biology, and genetics make rapid advances, which allows biotechnology-related research to rapidly develop.

Genome decoding of next generation sequencing and the bioinformatic platform have established a DNA database for the genomes of various aquatic organisms, and developed DNA gene markers for the identification of new ornamental aquatic strains, with genealogy selection and color trait selection. The similarity of the nucleotide sequence of mitochondrial DNA genes can be widely used in research on the relationship of biological taxonomy through quantified genetic distance analysis. Through sequence comparison, a set of appropriate DNA barcode identification systems can be developed, and standard operation modes of molecular breeding technology can be established, in order to provide more complete scientific management of sales and marketing experience and brand certification, as well as to add new elements to the ornamental shrimp farming industry.

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 31

PHOTOSHOOT THE BIG PICTURE - EUROPE

Seabass eggs ŠBÊatrice Chatain and Ifremer

EXPERT TOPIC GROUPER

1

Introduction

by Alex Whitebrook

GROUPER

EXPERT TOPIC

Groupers are most commonly cultured in Southeast Asia, with official propagation starting at the Taiwan Fisheries Research Institute in 1979.

As grouper farming generally presents fewer management issues compared to shrimp farming, it quickly rose to popularity among fish farmers. Over time, groupers have become one of the most important aquaculture commodities in the Asia-Pacific region. All throughout its commercial rise, Grouper has also remained an important resource for both small and large-scale farmers. Today, Groupers are recognised as an important contributor to the economic development of many countries.

The primary issues facing the further development of the Grouper industry, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation, include slower growth of livestock under formulated feeds, which are not usually catered toward the dietary needs of Groupers. This issue is worsened by the lack of appropriate handling techniques during collection, transport and storage of collected fish, as well as the often unregulated management of wild stocks. Another issue lies in the shortage of fingerlings, with most farmers relying on wild-caught fry and fingerlings in order to raise enough stock.

To further challenge the industry, there is a lack of appropriate

techniques for efficient grouper culture to marketable sizes. Handling stress and disease cause high levels of mortality among groupers during collection and culture phases of production. Farmed fish are often prone to diseases (especially viral diseases and parasitic infestations), and so this creates major issues for the successful growth of the industry. Research to solve these problems is under way in Japan, Taiwan P.C., Thailand and Bahrain. The development of new, faster growing, and more resilient strains, through selective breeding techniques and use of Intensive cost-effective recirculation systems, are imperative to increase the production.

Although antibiotics were once seen as a quick solution to such issues, the potential for development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are pathogenic to humans has caused their use to significantly reduce. With the Grouper industry at a ‘bottleneck’ stage in its life, now is an important time for the development of new technology that can tackle the industry’s shortfalls. Once again, Taiwan takes the lead in Grouper culture, as the following article addresses this issue by introducing a new alternative to antibiotics that may give Groupers the boost they need.

34 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

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EXPERT TOPIC

2

SHRIMP GROUPER

GROUPER FARMING

G

Learning from past mistakes and building a better future

by Huey-Lang Yang, Research Professor, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

roupers are fish of several genera in the subfamily Epinephelinae of the family Serranidae. They are wild and spread globally in many warm water oceans, and can be quite large, such as the giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus), which can commonly weigh up to 400kg.

Unlike other commonly farmed fish, grouper is a demersal fish that usually does not swim continuously, thus, it is an efficient and suitable fish for culture.

Current key bottleneck and disease

The stable supply of fingerling has facilitated the grouper farming in the past twenty years and about 100,000 tonnes of grouper was produced in Taiwan, China and south Asia at 2013.

However, high-density farming and repeated use of farming sites with non-responsible farming management has created drastic problems which has caused the industry to suffer many unsolvable problems in the past several years.

One of the major constraints is the disease, many diseases have already occurred such as VNN (Viral Nervous Necrosis, disease caused by NNV) which infects the brain and nervous system at the

Farmed species

At least eleven species of grouper have been farmed and the fertilized eggs of the following ten species are commercially available in Taiwan, such as giant grouper: (E. lanceolatus), longtooth grouper (E. bruneus), coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), red spotted grouper (E. akaara), orange spotted grouper (E. coioides), brown marbled grouper or tiger grouper (E. fuscoguttatus), Malabar grouper (E. malabaricus), camouflage grouper (E. polyphekadion), greasy grouper (E. tauvina), and polka dot grouper (Cromileptes altivelis). Two species, such as E. coioides and E.malabadicus, have been successfully induced spawning, but other species are still unstable, such as E. bruneus, E. lanceolatus and P. leopardus. The cultured fingerling has replaced the wild catch fingerling for most of the grouper farming.

Grouper as a bottom fish is generally cultured in earthed ponds and shallow floating net cages in Southeast Asia. The current culture system is fragmented and separated into at least four stages: brood stock farm supplies the fertilized eggs; hatchery supplies hatched larvae, nursery provides various size fingerlings to grow out farm. All the stages have their own knowhow-based farmerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experiences.

36 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC

Figure 1: Oral NNV vaccine Antigen is encapsulated in live staring feed larvae

GROUPER

CROSS-CONTAMINATION SALMONELLA

INCONSISTENCY REGULATIONS

PATHOGENS

DOWNTIME

Figure 2: Analysis of the optimal conditions for grouper larval rearing

PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE ELEMENTS PRODUCT CONSISTENCY PROCESS FLEXIBILTY larvae and post-larval stage and has resulted total morality of larvae of all culture grouper species. At the grow-out stage, NNV and Irido viruses and bacterial pathogens, such as Vibrio spp, Photobacterium, Aeromonads and Streptococcus as well as parasites are the main pathogens, especially, when fish are under stress.

Disease is not only causing mortality, it is also related to escalated production cost, unstable harvest, inferior fish quality, and damage to the farming environment. Antibiotics and chemical drugs are currently used to treat disease, but unfortunately, this practice also causes the outgrowth of antibiotic resistant bacteria.

Many countries around the world have tightened regulation

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EXPERT TOPIC

GROUPER

Figure 3: Components of the intergrated SOP for grouper

on the use of antibiotics in aquaculture, but this rule is just palliatives and difficult to abide, as farmer needs solution.

Development of vaccine for grouper

Figure 5: PI-SPR grouper fingerling PI-SPR fingerling (Pre-Immunised Special Pathogen Resistant)

Complete vaccines products to cover most of the diseases found in grouper farms

Figure 4a: Larval nursery

Vaccine has been employed successfully to control disease in human and domestic animals, the prophylactic approaches has effectively prevented the outbreak of disease and assisted the industrialization of cold-water fish aquaculture.

After our initial failure in the employment of European Salmon vaccine to treat our fish disease, R&D on fish vaccines for warm water area was found necessary. Unlike diseases for land animals and their pathogen has a same body or optimal growth temperature as of 37°C, respectively; pathogen of domestic land animals often is universal.

Whereas, fish lives in water with temperature, salinity, farming method and body temperature varies, that definitely will alter the occurrence of specific micro-organisms.

Therefore, development of vaccine for warm water fish is more complicate, even the same species of fish at a different farm may have a varied pathogen; therefore, effective fish vaccine might have to adjust according to the local epidemic situation.

As NNV is occurred at the juvenile (larval and post-larval) stage, NNV vaccines must be administered at the early larval stage. The key issue is how to administrate vaccine to the larvae while they are small and very sensitive to handling.

Injective and immersive immunization is impossible and leaving oral vaccination as the only option. Two primary bottlenecks of oral vaccination design are the palatability and the gastro-intestinal digestion of the antigen.

We have developed an oral vaccine using live Artemia or Rotifer to eat and encapsulate the inactivated recombinant E. coli that expressed the specific NNV antigen. This oral vaccine is then simply administrated by adding this â&#x20AC;&#x153;live feedâ&#x20AC;? that encapsulated NNV antigen into the hatchery water.

This oral vaccine has been shown to be effective in laboratory challenge system, and for the production of grouper larvae in our commercial hatchery.

For the grow out fish, to decrease repeat and tedious injection for user, and unnecessary stress for fish, a multivalent bacterial injective vaccine containing bacterins of a local Vibrio species, Aeromonas and Streptococcus was first developed. Later on, to effectively solve the local disease outbreak, we occasionally have to replacing bacterin prepared from specific local serotype of Vibrio. For viral disease, culture pure virus is relatively difficult and expensive, so, subunit NNV protein is used.

In summary, we have developed an oral NNV vaccine to control the NNV infection at the larval stage, and multi-valent injective vaccine for the grow-out stage to a completed series of vaccine for grouper farming.

Design and construct of an NNV-free grouper hatchery

Unlike Salmon, the nutrition carrying egg yolk in the grouper egg is just sufficient to supply the larval development for merely 2-3 days. Therefore, hatched larvae are dependent upon suitable and sufficient starting live feed in their environment. Currently, the grouper fingerling is reared in a method imitating the natural conditions, that uses outdoor ponds where copepod or small animal are grown before adding the fertilized egg. With this method, rearing of grouper fingerling is not stable due to NNV infection, lack 38 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC of optimal environmental conditions, and sufficient nutrients. Death and deformed fingerling regularly occurred.

In addition, NNV has been found in the water, brood stock, fertilized egg and commercial live starting feeds, any of these factors could fail the grouper hatchery production. We have designed and constructed a pilot scale virus-free grouper hatchery based on the biosecurity concept where the preparation of NNV free starting feed and rearing can be achieved. After the stable hatching of grouper, it has enabled the detail analysis of the optimal parameters required for larvae (embryo) development, such as pH, aeration, photoperiod, wavelength, light intensity, color of tank, starting feed, water quality and bacteria count. (Figure 2)

GROUPER

Figure 4b: Fingerling nursery

Establish a universal SOP for rearing grouper fingerling

With the accumulated experiences on the operation of the pilot hatchery, we have consolidated a digitalzed standard operating procedure (SOP) for an indoor hatchery and nursery.

This platform indoor hatchery facility and SOP (Figure 3) have been used to rear six grouper species including E. maculates, E. fuscoguttatus, E. coioides, E. lanceolatus, Plectropomus leopardus, the cold water E. bruneus and the hybrid grouper

(Sabah giant grouper) indicating our technology is a universal platform technology for many species of groupers.

Afterwards, a commercial NNV free hatchery with an annual production capacity of 4-6 million fingerlings was built (Figure 4a, 4b). Together, a total 60 consecutively successful fingerling productions demonstrated the feasibility of this indoor hatchery for the mass production of healthy NNV SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) grouper fingerling.

The comparison of our method over the current method is as Table 1.

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EXPERT TOPIC

GROUPER

Table 1: Comparison of the current traditional and the indoor hatchery system Method

Success frequency

Deform rate (%)

Productivity Subsequent (pcs/ton) survival rate

Current

Mesocosm by nature

1/10

20-40%

2-30

20-50%

Our system

Digitalized SOP

stable

<5%

>1000

80%

commercial large scale production facility of algae

Product promotion of PI-SPR (pre-immunized) fingerling to back yard fish farmers

It is very difficult to convince farmers to vaccinate their fish; therefore, we decided to vaccinate our NNV-SPF fingerling at 10g before shipping to farmers. The user-friendly pre-immunized fingerling is resistant to those pathogens (PI-SPR, Figure 5). The actual efficacy trail of this SPR fingerling was performed on over 30 backyard farms at various locations in Taiwan with 15,00030,000 pcs/farm with a total of 1,000,000 PI-SPR fingerlings.

The efficacy trail was designed to test on various farming conditions and stocking densities. A 75-85 percent survival rate was achieved vs. the 20-40 percent of using non-vaccinated fingerlings. These field trails results confirmed the efficacy of the PI-SPR fingerling.

Prospective

As many grouper species are deprived in nature by overfishing and many species has already listed as near or endangered species. To meet the market demand, farming is necessary.

Most of the grouper is to supply as whole fish (table fish) for the Asian and the Arabs market. The steam fillet of giant grouper is popular and ranked as the most priced grouper in Hong Kong restaurants. With the success of frozen processing technology and new transporting methods, the supply of grouper either as live, ice packed or the frozen fish fillet will allow the distribution of grouper to the international market.

Worth noting, Among many farmed groupers, giant grouper offers an unique opportunity, it has a desired FCR, fast growth rate, so it can be marketed as table fish at 1-1.5 Kg after 1st year and as fillet in 3 years when they reach 15-25 Kg (Table 2).

In summary, in the past fifteen years, we have developed oral NNV vaccines and multi-valent vaccine to prevent disease in grouper farming; the design and construction of an indoor NNV SPF hatchery with virus free starting feed that enables the stable production of NNV SPF grouper juvenile, the analysis of the optimal parameters for larval rearing, and by combining the hatchery technology with vaccines to produce the PI- SPR grouper fingerling. The technologies, SOP and design of hatchery facility could transform the traditional grouper farming system to a contemporary sustainable grouper farming industry.

Table 2: Giant grouper vs. salmon

Growth rate FCR

Meat Quality

Supply (in 2013)

Salmon (Kg)

Giant grouper (Kg)

3 year 4-5 Kg

1st yr. 1-2 Kg, 2nd yr. 3-5 Kg, 3rd yr.

10-20 Kg

1.0 - 1.5

0.8-1.5

Rich in oil and DHA Pink colour meat

Rich in oil and DHA White colour meat

>95% Atlantic Salmon farmed 2000,000 tons/yr.

Farmed, near endangered species Around 100,000 tons/yr.

About the Author

Dr. H-L Yang obtained his Ph.D. at UC Davis in Bacteriology and post-doctoral traning at Columbia University in USA. Dr. Yang was the CEO of Merit Ocean Biotech. Inc. that was established in 2011 after receiving his virus free indoor hatchery system. Prior to this, he has worked as director of Institute of Bitoechnology and director of University Center for Bioscience and Biotechnology at National Cheng Kung Univ, senior research fellow at Academia Sinica and director of Molecualr Biology at Development Center of Biotechnology.

Fifteen years ago, Dr. Yang shifted his research interest from bio-medicine of mammals to bio-medicine of fish and founded the R&D team of grouper with the intention of ameliorating the disease-related mortality of warm water aquaculture.

Dr. Yang’s significant accomplishments were recognized by the Taiwanese government, and have obtained several domestic and international awards including the Distinguished Contribution in Science and Technology by Executive Yuan (cabinet), award of successful example of investment in R&D on Biotechnology and the Innovation award (Ministry of Agriculture).

International awards include the TWAS (The Academy of Sciences of Developing Country, a UN support organization of the Academy of 68 developing countries) prize in Agricultural Sciences (2009), and he was elected as VIP in aquaculture of 2011, by China “Advance in Aquaculture” magazine.

40 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY THE EYE BELOW THE WATER: integrating 360o cameras with feed systems Steinsvik is a global company specialized in delivering products and solutions to the aquaculture industry, as a market leader in camera systems for monitoring fish behavior. The feeding cameras have been the core of our business since 1985.

The success has laid the foundation for our expansion into feeding systems, barges, software and various other products used by fish farmers around the globe every day.

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by Steinsvik cameras

The first camera was built in 1985, but the wellknown underwater-eye design didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t see the light of day until 1990. Salmon farming was still in its infancy, with smaller cages, fewer fish and an overall more simplistic approach to feeding. Most farmers relied on manual observation of surface activity to gauge the fish appetite; few saw the emerging need for a sub-surface eye to observe. The struggle to gain market was twofold and the farmers needed convincing while the product needed improving.

Gaining momentum

In 1992 the well-known look emerged. The idea behind it was an eye below water. The camera was able to rotate 360 degrees vertically and horizontally, giving the farmer the possibility to monitor feeding behavior in a large area. Feedback from the customer showed a substantial potential for optimizing the amount of feed to be fed for every meal. More often than not, the farmers were underfeeding their fish, by following the set-feeding schedule. This could manifest itself in a high feed conversion rate. Whilst this was in itself a good indicator of the pellets being consumed, it hid the fact that there was potential for quicker growth and larger fish at harvest.

Today

So far Steinsvik have delivered more than 12,000 cameras. There are cameras currently in use that were delivered back in 1998.

That is 18 years for electronic equipment submerges in seawater.

A clear image and user-friendly controls are not enough. The key to Steinsvikâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s success is that the product has to work, day in and day out, year after year, in ever changing conditions. The salmon farmers rely on the images to be able to feed the exact amount to ensure maximum growth and avoid any feed spill.

Going forward

The development of the cameras are a continuous process based upon experience and feedback from the costumers which has 42 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY led to the cameras having developed from an underwater eye to a complete monitoring system. Cameras have depth finders, compasses and can be fitted with various sensors to give the farmer all necessary information to make the right decision every time. Crystal clear images allow for more than information on appetite. In fact, the images are so sharp that we are currently working on projects regarding biomass measurement, pellet detection and automated lice counts.

Integration & remote operations

Steinsvik have big plans for the future. At the core of these are the cameras and feeding system. We are seeing a shift towards tougher sites and an emerging need for remote operations. The integration of cameras and feeding systems started years back with the acquirement of Ocea and their renowned FeedStation. The newest FeedStation is made for remote operations, no need for third party software or separate solutions for feeding and camera system.

Images and sensory data from the cameras are displayed within the feeding system, with the ability to control the camera. When looking at the video images, the necessary information system is displayed as a HUD display on the video screen. Our cameras, software and mechanical systems all tie in to allow the fish farmers more control, on site or from a remote control room.

The emerging feed centers allows for specialists and trained operators to maximize fish growth independent of tough weather conditions on site. With Steinsvik cameras, they can observe the fish as if they were swimming among them and FeedStation ensures that the right amount of feed is given at the right time, every time.

A growing number of Steinsvik customers have already started the centralization of feeding, and the positive effects are numerous.

Feeding technicians, biologist and veterinarians have instant access to real time information on the fish performance. This makes for a better environment for collaboration and information sharing, and makes the specific site less vulnerable to both weather conditions and enables the feeding technicians to share the workload should an issue occur.

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Center picture: Images of fish in the cage recorded by Steinsvik cameras

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY #2 Mort collector project for offshore fish farms In addition to innovative largescale fish farm concepts, the trend toward offshore fish farming also requires the development of related systems, such as a fish farm cleaning system. On behalf of its client De Maas SMC, Dutch subsea technology company Seatools, has completed a feasibility and conceptual design study on a Remotely Operated Mort Collector (ROMC).

The study resulted in a highly automated mort collection system capable of effectively collecting dead fish in largescale offshore fish farms as currently developed by De Maas SMC.

This system facilitates efficient and reliable fish-farming operations in hostile and remote offshore environments. By taking a highly structural design approach, Seatools designed and evaluated multiple potential solutions for the various functionalities required by a large-scale offshore mort collection system.

A key requirement – a 100 percent coverage of the fish pen surface within a 24-hour time span – was of critical importance during the design process. By extensively drawing on in-house knowledge of subsea equipment design and subsea navigation and positioning, a well-considered mechanical design resulted. The design is backed by a self-positioning control algorithm to ensure the entire pen is covered within the given time limit.

In addition to the pen coverage design criterion, several other key criteria had to be met. Niels Haakman, project manager, comments, “Next to a 100 percent coverage of the fish pen surface, the concept had to have a minimal impact on the operations and design of the offshore fish farm. This meant the system had to come with a minimum footprint, weight, and required installed power. By relying on simple and effective principles as well as an advanced control system, we were able to keep the design compact and lightweight.

Furthermore, the design’s burden on the farm’s primary operations and setup are kept at a minimum, which is expressed by, among others, the fact that the collector can run without requiring any operator attention for up to 12 hours on end.”

Jan Frumau, Managing Director at Seatools, goes on to remark, “The aquaculture industry’s inclination toward increasingly remote and hostile offshore environments begs the development of new technologies characterized by reliability, durability, and solid failure-handling strategies. Moreover, a high level of automation facilitates controlled and efficient operations. These are required when operating at remote locations that incur significantly higher operational costs. Thank to our extensive subsea technology toolbox, multidisciplinary engineering capabilities, and advanced control engineering capabilities, we are able to deliver smart and cost-efficient aquaculture solutions, such as the fish farm cleaning solution for De Maas SMC.” Dutch subsea technology company that provides custom-made solutions for its customers’ subsea challenges, Seatools, serves virtually every subsea-related market – from aquaculture to offshore oil and gas – with solutions that combine innovation, reliability, and effectiveness. www.seatools.com

44 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

INDOFISHERIES17(190x132mm) cetak.ai 1 23/02/2017 09:34:01

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

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International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 45

Industry Events Events listing nn 06 - 10/03/17 - OFFSHORE MARICULTURE CONFERENCE Mexico WEB: offshoremariculture.com n 14/03/17 - AQUATIC ASIA Thailand WEB: vivasia.nl n 14 - 15/03/17 - ICOMSA 2017 Malaysia WEB: ums.edu.my n 15-17/03/17 - VIV ASIA Thailand WEB: vivasia.nl VIVworldwide VIVworldwide

7th European Algae Industry Summit 2017 Formerly known as ‘The European Algae Biomass Conference’, the European Algae Industry Summit is to be held on April 26 & 27, 2017 in Nice, France. New speakers have been announced including Federico G. Witt Sousa, Production Director, AlgaEnergy, Frank Rogalla, Innovation and Technology Director, FCC Aqualia Klaus Riediger, Senior Expert In The Official Food Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety Nigel Baldwin, Director of Scientific & Regulatory Consulting Europe, Intertek Michael Melkonian, Professor, Microalgal research, Universität zu Köln.

The two day summit will bring together key players within the algae industry including leaders from cosmetics, food, feed, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals across the globe to join our forum discussions and gain a deeper understanding of recent industry developments and, most importantly, economically viable applications.

In addition to the main two-day event, during the afternoon of Tuesday 25th April 2017 a

nn 16-17/03/17 - GIANT PRAWN 2017 Thailand WEB: giantprawn.org n 19 - 21/04/17 - SEAFOOD EXPO NORTH AMERICA USA WEB: seafoodexpo.com n 25 - 27/04/17 - SEAFOOD EXPO GLOBAL Belgium WEB: seafoodexpo.com n 26 - 27/04/17 - 7TH EUROPEAN ALGAE INDUSTRY SUMMIT France WEB: wplgroup.com/aci/event/ european-algae-industry-summit nn 25 - 27/05/17 - 6TH GLOBAL SUMMIT ON AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES Japan WEB: aquaculture.global-summit.com nn 31/05 - 04/06/17 - SEAFOOD SUMMIT USA WEB: seafoodsummit.org nn 14/06/17 - 10TH AQUAFEED HORIZONS TECHNICAL CONFERENCE Germany WEB: aquafeed.com

limited number of summit delegates will receive a unique opportunity to join site visit at the APG Camporosso facility (Ligurian Riviera, Italy). There is no extra charge to attend, but spaces are strictly limited and allocated on a first-come, first-served basis, so it is highly recommended to book early to guarantee availability.

The standard delegate rate is £1,595(ex.Vat) which includes attendance of the two day conference, all speakers’ presentations, lunches and networking opportunities as well as documentation from the event, while the £240 early bird discount expiring on 31st January will reduce this rate to £1,355(ex.Vat) only. Also, if you are based outside of the UK and provide your organisation’s VAT/IRS or registration number, VAT will not be applied to the transaction.

Securing your early bird/EABA rate online is simple – if you prefer to use debit/credit card, you can secure your discounted space at http://www.wplgroup.com/aci/event/european-algaeindustry-summit/. If you wish to pay with invoice within five working days, I will send you a registration form to be signed and emailed (or faxed) back to me the same day. Once I have the signed form back, I’ll secure your delegate space at the summit and the APG Camporosso facility (if you wish to join it and provided spaces are still available) and send you the invoice.

Additionally, substitute attendees are welcome for up to 24 hours before the start of the conference, so you can secure a required number of discounted delegate spaces on TBC basis and provide names of the attendees at a later stage.

n 26 - 30/06/17 - WORLD AQUACULTURE 2017 South Africa WEB: was.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture

For more industry event information - visit our events register www.aquafeed.co.uk

aQUaTIc aSIa

a ONE-DaY cONFErENcE ON aQUacULTUrE TEchNOLOGY WITh SPEcIaL FOcUS ON ShrIMP FEEDING aND rEcIrcULaTION SYSTEMS

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46 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

FOr MOrE INFOrMaTION VISIT: aquafeed.co.uk/aquaticevents rEGISTEr aT www.viv.net

Industry Events

Great success for AquaFarm, Italy The new conference and exhibition event dedicated to the technologies, products and best practices of sustainable production of fish, held on 26-27 January at the Exhibition Centre of Pordenone, has been a large success new figures show.

Aquaculture, algae and vertical farming - three strategic sectors for the future of the Mediterranean economy and the protagonists of the first edition of AquaFarm.

With 80 brands present among the exhibitors, four partnerships with sector associations, (of which two are international) 15 international conference sessions, 113 speakers, 12 national and international media partners and finally, visitors from 25 countries in which numbers far exceeded expectations.

The recorded success of this event, shown in the numbers, implies that it is perhaps on the way to becoming an instant classic. Possibly already becoming a landmark for aquaculture, vertical farming and algae farming, both in Italy and the Mediterranean basin.

The event was originally organised by Pordenone Fiere with the support of national and local institutions. It was aimed at a professional audience and over the span of two days presented issues in Mediterranean aquaculture and sustainable fisheries, algae cultivation and vegetable crops that rely on hydroponic, aeroponic and aquaponic techniques, known as indoor and vertical farming systems. It discussed a number of topical themes including the instruments that Europe offers in order to ensure food and active ingredients for the health and well being of the population in an environmentally friendly manner even in the face of higher living standards.

Numerous Italian and international faces took part in the

show, including: Honourable Giuseppe Castiglione, State undersecretary of Agriculture, Food and Forestry; Riccardo Rigillo, the general manager of the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry; Professor Stefano Cataudella, president of the General Commission for Mediterranean Fishing/FAO; Dickson Despommier of Columbia University, creator of the concept of vertical farm; Vice-president of EABA, the pan-European association of the algae industry, prof. Mario Tredici; President of API (Italian Fish Farmers Association), Pier Antonio Salvador and President of AMA (Mediterranean Aquaculture Association), Giovanni Prioli; Department of the Friuli Venezia Giulia Region, Veneto Region, Emilia Romagna Region and Sicilia Region; Representative of the most important Italian and European research and industrial centres operating in the three sectors of the event.

WORLDWIDE CALENDAR 2016 - 2018 VIV ASIA 2017

MARCH 15 - 17, BANGKOK, THAILAND

VIV MEA 2018

FEBRUARY, U. A. E.

VIV EUROPE 2018

JUNE 20 - 22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

VIV CHINA 2016

SEPTEMBER 6 - 8, BEIJING, CHINA

VIV RUSSIA 2017

MAY 23-25, MOSCOW, RUSSIA*

*May 23: invitation only

WWW.VIV.NET International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 47

VIV TURKEY 2017

APRIL 27 - 29, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

Exploring new frontiers in aquaculture

Texas and Mexico go together like beans on toast. Totally apposing cuisines and cultures but ones that work wonderfully together.

While Texas might be a frontier state it is certainly not a border state. It’s a land – which is certainly larger than many European countries – which changed hands in the 1830s and where today two cultures come together to appreciate what each has to offer.

A wall on its southern border? No matter how high, it won’t diminish the beneficial relationship that both Texan’s and Mexicans enjoy in the state of Texas today.

Priscila Badilla, Ramon Jimenez, Kabir Chowdhury and Herve Lucien-Brun from Jefo

San Antonio

Arriving in this southern city of San Antonio, just ahead of a sweeping tornado that skirted the city in the middle of a very warm winter, Aquaculture America 2017 attracted the best in aspiring agriculturists and supporting industries to its downtown convention centre. Not only was the convention centre right in the heart of this city, which offers an unbelievable ‘River Walk’, but it’s right-alongside ‘The Alamo’ – an historic a church mission-turned-fortress where some 180 men plus civilians tried to defend local settlements against a Mexican army of over 6000 men and began the Texas Revolution.

Cathie Griffin from Red Ewald Inc

Chris Blood from Texas Hunter Products

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Industry Events Mexican and US citizens visit this state shrine, which was re-built in the early 20th century, in equal number along with foreign visitors.

Many of the attendees at AA2017 took the opportunity to visit in the free-time afforded between the 57-plus sessions which ran from Monday through to Wednesday in midFebruary. This was an event of immense proportion in terms of the knowledge being presented and shared. For agriculturists this was the ultimate venue for networking with several social events to ensure there were those opportunities to meet old colleagues and make new friends unexpectedly.

Cliff Spencer, Moni, Roger Gilbert and Janice Spencer from AWF UK

Okunade Monisade from AWF UK Nigerian Office

Cliff Spencer from Aquaculture without Frontiers UK

Anthony NIewadin with International Aquafeed Editor Simon Davies

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International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 49

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Industry Events International Aquafeed was pleased to play its part by not only participating in the trade show, but organizing a Aquaculture without Frontiers UK meeting called ‘A Bridge to African Aquaculture’ on Tuesday afternoon which looked at personal experiences of local catfish farming that included a small hatchery made up of 15 used domestic baths. It was a sole search story that reflected the struggle village farmers are coping with to make a living from commercial fish farming. AwF assisted in hosting an African participant Okunade Monisade Of the trade show itself, the industry was well turned out providing ample for visitors to see and do. All too much to report here, but we have arranged a group of images from the trade show which you might like to view. You may also find other images in the photo-album on our Facebook page for IAF. We will be reporting in our Fish Farming Technology pages on the equipment on display in our next edition.

As they say in Texas – Come and take it!

Zack Pickard and Jeff Cirilis from Pentair

Amanda Coules and John Wintermeyer from Deep Trekker

Okunade from AFF UK NIgeria and William Daniels, future President of the WAS Maarten Jay Van Schoonhoven from Olmix

Tunde Shakiru, Karl Arnold and Adam Sackett from Insta-Pro

Rhine Perrin, Ron Malone, Sandy Malone and Paul Begue from AST

Tim and Lyn Reed keepin busy in their booth from Reed Mariculture Elizabeth Edgerton from Kasco Marine

Dr Martin Morjan from Sentronic

Mathew Guilliot, Hans Christian Kromans and Toni Fremin from WMT Darrin Nonious, Laura St. Pierre and Steven Brown form YSI

Luke Keeton and Aney Carver from Keeton Industries

Mette Friis-Andersen from Veolia

Aubert Faivre from Faivre

Tuti Tan from AWF UK and Okunade Monisade from AWF UK, Nigeria office

Andy Davidson, Mike Watson, Henning Gatz, David Volkenand and Jordan Volkenand from AquaCare

Dick Butler and Brad Warner from Westeel

Chris Stock from Zeigler

Mark Occhipinti, Andy Dilatush and Chuck Malone from Tyson Foods Inc.

Miguel Angel Arostegui Ignacio and Santiago Villanueva from Feeding Systems SL

Paul Begue demontrates his equipment from AST

Phillip Smith, Phil Hall and Leland Cook from Cabelvey Joe Tordella and Phil O'Grady from Buhler

Elevator buckets Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group) Additives Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

Sonac +31 499 364800 www.sonac.biz

Westeel +1 204 233 7133 www.westeel.com

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

Amino acids Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

Animal health & nutrition Cenzone +1 760 736 9901 www.cenzone.com

Bags Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Bin dischargers Denis +33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr

Elevator & conveyor components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Enzymes Ab Vista +44 1672 517 650 www.abvista.com

Certification GMP+ International +31703074120 www.gmpplus.org

Analysis Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V +55 54450460 Ext. 1105 www.avimex.com.mx

VAV +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Liptosa +34 902 157711 www.liptosa.com Nutriad +32 52 409596 www.nutriad.com

STIF +33 2 41 72 16 80 www.stifnet.com

Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

Conveyors

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

Colour sorters BĂźhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Computer software Adifo NV +32 50 303 211 www.adifo.com Format International Ltd +44 1483 726081 www.formatinternational.com

Colour sorters SEA S.r.l. +39 054 2361423 www.seasort.com

Coolers & driers

ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

Event organisers VIV +31 30 295 2772 www.viv.net

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Brabender +49 203 7788 0 www.brabender.com

Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Bentall Rowlands +44 1724 282828 www.bentallrowlands.com

FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Chief Industries UK Ltd +44 1621 868944 www.chief.co.uk

Geelen Counterflow +31 475 592315 www.geelencounterflow.com

Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br

Croston Engineering +44 1829 741119 www.croston-engineering.co.uk

Muyang Group +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Silo Construction Engineers +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Bulk storage

52 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com Insta-Pro International +1 515 254 1260 www.insta-pro.com

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

Packaging CB Packaging +44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Palletisers

Pellet binders

Pest control

Pipe systems

Used around

all industrial Plants sectors.

Training Aqua TT +353 1 644 9008 www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services

Vaccines

Andritz 72 160300 www.andritz.com

Ridgeway Biologicals +44 1635 579516 www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+45

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Probiotics Biomin +43 2782 803 0 www.biomin.net Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com

Safety equipment Rembe +49 2961 740 50 www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

Seedburo +1 312 738 3700 www.seedburo.com

NIR-Online +49 6227 732668 www.nir-online.de

Dishman +31 318 545 754 www.dishman-netherlands.com

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

CHOPIN Technologies +33 14 1475045 www.chopin.fr

NIR systems

Shrimp feed additives

Jacob Sohne +49 571 9580 www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Moisture analysers

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

Dol Sensors +45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

Rentokil Pest Control +44 0800 917 1987 www.rentokil.co.uk

FineTek Co., Ltd +886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770 www.doescher.com

Agromatic +41 55 2562100 www.agromatic.com

PellTech +47 69 11 80 00 www.pelltech.org

BinMaster Level Controls +1 402 434 9102 www.binmaster.com

Vega +44 1444 870055 www.vega.com/uk

Aqualabo +33 2 97 89 25 30 www.aqualabo.fr

Borregaard LignoTech +47 69 11 80 00 www.lignotechfeed.com

Laboratory equipment

Level measurement

Sensors

Akzo Nobel +46 303 850 00 www.bredol.com

Hatchery products

Bastak +90 312 395 67 87 www.bastak.com.tr

Tornum AB +46 512 29100 www.tornum.com

PAYPER, S.A. +34 973 21 60 40 www.payper.com

SPAROS Tel.: +351 249 435 145 Website: www.sparos.pt

Reed Mariculture +1 877 732 3276 www.reed-mariculture.com

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Ehcolo A/S +45 75 398411 www.ehcolo.com

Jefo

Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Muyang +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Ugur Makina +90 (364) 235 00 26 www.ugurmakina.com

Aliphos +32 478 210008 www.aliphos.com Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com

MYSILO +90 382 266 2245 www.mysilo.com

Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Zheng Chang +86 21 64188282 www.zhengchang.com

Feed and ingredients

Obial +90 382 2662120 www.obial.com.tr

Silos Kepler Weber Group +55 11 4873-0300 www.kepler.com.br

International Aquafeed - March 2017 | 53

Vacuum Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition +55 11 3093 0753 www.iccbrazil.com Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tom Blacker. +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

the interview Michael New, OBE Michael New entered the aquaculture industry in 1969 after extensive experience in the animal feedstuff industry. After research on freshwater prawn culture he worked as an aquaculture consultant (1973-1979 and 1981-1986). Mr New managed an UNDP/FAO project in Thailand (1979-1981) designed to expand freshwater prawn farming. He was Senior Aquaculturist (1986-1988) in the FAO global Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme and an FAO Senior Fishery Resources Officer (Aquaculture) in 1991-1992. He was Programme Coordinator of the ASEAN-EEC Aquaculture Development and Coordination Programme, a regional twinning programme based in Bangkok (1988-1991 and 1992-1995). After 1995 I returned to free-lance consultancy. He has worked in 43 countries in Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe.

Mr New has authored nearly 150 technical manuals, scientific papers, book chapters and popular articles on aquaculture and have chaired or been a keynote/plenary speaker at numerous international conferences. He was Steering Committee Chair for World Aquaculture ’99 (Sydney) and AQUA 2000 (Nice) and Programme Chair for World Aquaculture ’05 (Bali). He was also a member of the Steering and Programme Committees for World Aquaculture ’08 (Busan) and World Aquaculture ’11 (Natal, Brazil). He organised Giant Prawn 1980 (Bangkok) and Giant Prawn 2011 (Kochi) and is currently co-organising Giant Prawn 2017 (Bangkok). He chaired the EAS-WAS conference AQUA 2012 (Prague) and is a member of the Steering Committee for the WAS-EAS conference AQUA 2018 (Montpellier).

In 1999 Queen Elizabeth appointed Mr New as an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in recognition of his services to aquaculture in developing countries. He is a Past-President of WAS and of EAS and an Honorary Life Member of both societies. He is a holder of the WAS Exemplary Service Gold Medal and the Gold Medal Award of the Asian Fisheries Society, and an Honorary Life Member of the China Society of Fisheries.

Would you tell us a little about your background that led you to found Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) and why, back in 2003?

Having worked for much of my professional life in developing countries I was aware of the gross levels of poverty that existed in many areas of the world. While preparing a keynote address for a WAS conference in Brazil in 2003 I had the idea of creating a voluntary organisation so that those of us who had personally benefitted from careers in aquaculture could transfer some of their knowledge for the benefit of those less fortunate than ourselves. This idea gained approval and at the WAS meeting in Hawaii in 2004 the NGO Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) was formally launched with the purpose of helping to alleviate poverty in developing countries through small scale responsible aquaculture.

How well do you think aquaculture will respond to the challenges of feeding an estimated 9.5 billion people by 2050? Is aquaculture a realistic protein source over more traditional foodstuffs from terrestrial sources?

With the New Year already underway, please can you tell us more about the publications you are currently working on and/or events and activities you are planning to attend in 2017?

Following two publications in 2016 I have a book chapter currently being published: • Valenti, W.C. & New, M.B. 2017. Tilapia-freshwater prawn polyculture. pp. 156-185. In: P.W. Perschbacher & R.R. Stickney (eds), Tilapia in intensive co-culture. [Wiley; in press] • Marques, H.L.A., New, M.B., Boock, M.V., Barros, H.P., Mallasen, M. & Valenti, W.C. 2016. Integrated Freshwater Prawn Farming: State-of-the-Art and Future Potential.

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, 24: 264-293.

• Forthomme, C. 2016. Farming in water: the challenges of aquaculture. [A conversation with Michael New] IMPAKTER 13 April 2016. http://impakter.com/farming-in-water-thefuture-and-challenges-of-aquaculture/

I have every confidence that global aquaculture will rise to all its challenges. Aquaculture is more efficient than other forms of livestock production and its products are incomparable in terms of human nutrition and health.

I am intermittently working as a consultant to the European Commission. I am co-organizing a conference in Bangkok (2024 March 2017) called GIANT PRAWN 2017 [www.giantprawn. org]. I shall be attending the WAS conference in Cape Town in June and the EAS conference in Dubrovnik in October. I am on several WAS committees, including the steering committee for its joint conference with EAS for 2018 (Montpellier).

Having worked in over 40 countries as an aquaculture consultant, where and why have you witnessed (and/ or been part of) the most progressive advances in aquaculture production in recent years?

As founder and patron of AwF between 2003-2015, can you elaborate briefly upon some of its most significant achievements in some of the world’s developing countries?

Asia has a long history of successful aquaculture, driven by an entrepreneurial spirit at every level, from big business to the operators of the smallest farms. I expect this to continue but there are now most encouraging signs of a significant take-up of aquaculture in South Saharan Africa. The upcoming WAS meeting in Cape Town, its first in Africa, is both a recognition of this fact and a great opportunity to showcase our industry.

The potential for aquaculture in Africa generally, and in South America, is enormous and the healthy sustainable food that it can produce is much needed. Aquaculture is significant in other areas of the world too but regulatory issues remain a problem in Europe and North America.

By the end of 2010, AwF had raised over US$ 180,000 directly from friends, family, colleagues, the aquaculture industry and the public. In addition, AwF had obtained access to nearly US$ 264,000 of other funds, which were used for tsunami relief work in Aceh, Indonesia and in USAID Farmer to Farmer Programmes in conjunction with the University of Arizona. By 2012 AwF had established poverty relief projects in Bangladesh, India, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Nepal and Thailand and conducted minor activities in many other Asian, African and Latin American countries. Two of our most successful projects, while AwF was being led by myself and Nandeesha, were in India and Nepal.

Please read my guest column in next month’s edition to hear in more detail about these projects.

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PEOPLE

THE INDUSTRY FACES

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Aquaculture Without Frontiers UK strengthens its operations in Nigeria

Okunade Monisade Kerounwi (Moni

kunade Monisade Kerounwi (Moni comes from Willar Aquaculture Services where, in his position as CEO, he was responsible for implementing the feasibility plan for new and existing fish farmers in Nigeria. This involved planning and supervising the construction of Hatcheries and ponds, and teaching through fair management, a strong ethic of good husbandry for the production of high quality fingerlings through to full grown cat fish. His expertise in water quality analysis and the use of good compound feed on top of his understanding of feed formulation has enabled him to help fish farmers develop their farms to be self-sufficient and sustainable.

Moni has a B.Sc in Fisheries and a Post Graduate Diploma in Fisheries from the Lagos State University. He is a member of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, Catfish Farmers Association (Badagry Zonal Chapter), Tilapia Aquaculture Development Association of Nigeria, Aquatic Conservation and Ecological Restoration Network, Aquatic Conservations Club (Founder) and American Fisheries Society as a Privileged Member.

Maintaining his current role, Moni will head up Aquaculture Without Frontiers UK sustainable fish farming projects in Nigeria where the charity will supply micro loans to fish farmers which will directly fund the purchase of eggs, compound feed, good husbandry advice, technical support, materials as required, and good veterinary services allowing existing small hold fish farmers to sustainably increase their production with a solid use of good nutritious compound feed which will make for a more nutritious fish. The aim is to increase fish production in Nigeria whilst at the same time improving the diet and providing employment. This has been inspired by the proverb “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day; show him how to catch fish, and you feed him for a lifetime.”

Nutriad announced the appointment of Mr Przemyslaw Przeor as Business Manager

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ultinational feed additives producer Nutriad announced the appointment of Mr Przemyslaw Przeor as Business Manager of its Polish branch, Nutriad Polska Nutriad, expert in Mycotoxin Management, Palatability and Digestive Performance, has had a presence in Poland for many years and continues to see it as a key market within Europe.

Przemyslaw Przeor

“With roughly 10,000 Mmt of feed produced, Poland is a strategic market for us in Europe.

We want to further strengthen our position in Poland and grow with our solutions for animal health and nutrition”, stated Simon Martyn, Regional Director EMEA.

Mr Przemyslaw brings with him considerable experience in the Polish feed additive market, as he has serviced customers in the country for more than 10 years. “Nutriad achieved strong brand recognition in Poland over the years, building on products with a proven track record, supported by renowned technical experts.

I am excited to have become part of the Nutriad team and look forward to growing our presence in Poland” Commented Mr Przeor.

Steen-Hansen strengthens its sales team

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upplier of impregnation products and net coatings, Steen-Hansen increases its capacity for customer care, advisory services and sales. Jarle Akse has been appointed as key account manager with responsibility for following up customers and partners at home and abroad.

Jarle comes from a position as sales manager at Pinovo, and before that he had various different jobs at Wema System (now TE Connectivity).

Jarle Akse

Steen-Hansen’s Sales Manager, John Børge Skomsøy. Has said how Steen-Hansen is entering into an interesting period, with a high level of demand for our products in Norway – as well as in new and established export markets.

“We have made many changes at Steen-Hansen Aquaculture over the last few years in order to develop an even more future-oriented and innovative company directed towards the current and future needs of our customers.”

“We are extremely happy to welcome Jarle as a member of our team. His extensive sales and international experience will strengthen our team in an exciting time. The strong focus on research and development in recent years is now beginning to produce results in the form of new and exciting products”, says Steen-Hansen’s Managing Director – Svein Ove Rabben.

Steen-Hansen develops and produces specialised coatings for industrial and harsh environments, both on shore and at sea. The company is a leading supplier of impregnation products for nets and other equipment at sea. Its considerable focus on research, development and HSE make them a preferred supplier in a wide range of markets. Important markets are Norway, the North Sea Basin, Chile and the Mediterranean.

56 | March 2017 - International Aquafeed

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