Student portfolio D&T 3 by International Grammar

Exploration of Needs

Explorat,on of

In this section is an exploration of several genuine needs. Exploring a variety of needs will allow me to decide on which one I should develop as my project, as well as having some deeper background information on each need to inform my choice.

Opportunities

Aesthetic clothing that is easy to put on for wheelchair bound persons.

Target Market: The target market of this need are homeowners, generally aged 30 and over. The market for this product will mainly comprise environmentally aware individuals. However a more aesthetically designed compost bin may encourage other more design conscious consumers to purchase one as well.

Target Market:, The target market of this need is mainly persons with a disability who are wheelchair bound. The disability may be temporary, but for others it may be permanent. Wheelchair users may have acquired their disability for a variety of reasons, such as: spinal cord injury, lower limb amputation, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. There are people in all age groups that are wheelchair bound, so each age would need to be considered separately. Many people in this market also have a disability affecting their coordination; meaning clothing would need to be easy to put on. Many also cannot support their own weight standing, so have difficulty pulling on pants or skirts.

Proof of Need: Below are examples of compost bins already on the market. Firstly, this proves that there is a market for compost bins, as there is already a variety on sale. This also shows how current compost bins lack visually aesthetic qualities, as they are mostly green or brown, made of plastic and lack aesthetic features of shape and construction material. There is a gap in the market for aesthetic compost bins. Aesthetic compost bins may encourage more people to compost, as an aesthetic bin would not be detracting from the aesthetics of their life. Blogs, such as Vegetable Gardening with Lorraine, rarely describe current compost bins as being aesthetic, and say that many are "not particularly beautiful." The bin would need to be placed in or around a home, and should either blend in with the setting of the home or be a design feature, but still be aesthetically pleasing. Increasing urbanisation means that compost bins would also need to be space efficient.

Proof of Need; My grandmother caught Polio, a serious disease that affects the nervous system, when she was 5 years old, and was wheelchair bound for the rest of her life. Polio usually causes permanent paralysis of limbs or diaphragm. My grandmother found it extremely difficult to put clothes on without assistance, as she could not stand up and support her weight on her legs. This motivates me to be able to improve the life of those living with disability, such as my grandmother. According to the Bureau of Statistics (Disability, Ageing and Carers: Summary of Findings Australia 2003), there were more than 512 000 people with disabilities in Australia and with over 115 000 using a manual wheelchair, which proves that there are many people in wheelchairs. The existing clothing available is very limited, not addressing aesthetics and in particular not addressing the need for independence in dressing. The current range looks bulky, lacks form and the loose sides to the garments can even get caught in wheels. Better examples include:

http://www.urbanfoodgarden.org/main/composting/composting plastic-compost-bins.htm http://www.groundgrocencom/products/Aerobin.html http://www.compostinstructions.com/composter-designs/

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-I have easy access to sewing machines and overlockers at school and at home. - I know of a few fashion designers who I could ask for advice and evaluation. -I have helped my grandmother by altering her clothes to make it possible for her to dress herself.

-I have limited sewing skills and would have to learn new techniques. -It would involve either patternmaking or alterations of patterns, which are quite advanced, compared to my skills.

-Could follow fashion trends. -Could visit my grandmother's nursing home. -Not much clothing is already on the market for this target market. -Could use silkscreen techniques to apply patterns to fabrics. -Clothing would need to be made to suit a variety of occasions such as school, work, formal events, parties, home, bed, summer and winter.

-Time allowed to make the pieces may impact the project. -Advertising to a limited market such as wheelchair bound disabled people may be difficult -Many disabled people are living on restricted budgets such as the Disability Pension.

Evaluation.

_ Weaknesses _ . .. -I have some skills that may be useful in the production of this product. -We have some machines at school that may be useful in production, -I have used compost bins in our family setting and know the problems associated with them, especially their lack of aesthetics.

-There is not much room to store the product at school during production. -Low motivation

-Opportunity to encourage people to compost to improve the environment. -Could use a material that isn't the traditional plastic. -Could design one that could keep out the smell from surrounding area. -Could make the shape and material more aesthetic. -Could design a compost bin to fix other compost related problems such as aeration.

-Time to produce the product may impact the design and manufacture. -May be expensive to construct. -Some production techniques would be difficult and would need to be outsourced.

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http://www.izadaptive.com/ http://www.able2wear.co.uk/

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eau or Statistics "In 2007-08 the vast majority (84%) of Australians sorted out recyclable from non-recyAccording to -chE , clable waste all or most of the time. In contrast, only one-third of adults reported composting or recycling food waste all or most of the time." Also, a survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics on environmental issues had a section on percentage of people who were concerned about the environment, and the results are shown below. These statistics show that most people are concerned about the environment, but only one third recycle their food waste. To increase the percentage who compost, it may be beneficial to increase the aesthetics involved in recycling food wastes, which means that a visually aesthetic compost bin would be beneficial. ico

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An aesthetic compost bin.

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Target Market:

The target market of this need is women aged 18 to 25. This group would most likely be at university, other tertiary education or in the workplace. By this age they usually have disposable income and more of their own money to spend. Many of the women in this age group in Australia would have their ears pierced, and therefore would wear earrings. Proof of Need;

Jewellery has been produced and worn since ancient civilisations. Women wear jewellery for a range of reasons. These may include for self-expression, elevation of an outfit, to follow a fashion, to display wealth or to commemorate an event such as a birth or marriage. According to results of market research that I conducted, most of the target market mainly wears jewellery to add decoration to an outfit or make a simple outfit interesting. According to Jeweller Magazine (March 2010), "Worldwide jewellery expenditure seems to be improving; however Australia's improvement is accelerating at a faster rate, some say booming!" Also, according to the Australian Bureau of Statistics, as of the 4/10/12, "the trend estimate for Clothing, footwear and personal accessory retailing rose 0.3% in August 2012," and "By industry subgroup, the trend estimate rose for Footwear and other personal accessory retailing (0.6%)." Below is a graph from the Australian Bureau of Statistics showing the retail turnover trend for Footwear and other personal accessory retailing. RETAIL TURNOVER, Australia sm 21X0

http://www.dinosaurdesigns.com.au/

Evaluation:

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-I have some experience making jewellery before. -1 have some skills that could be used in the production of Jewellery. -1 know of several jewellery designers I could contact for evaluations of my work or any questions I may have, -I have access to many tools and techniques that could be used in the project such as jewellery saws, a propane torch and a laser cutter.

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-Some jewellery techniques would need to be outsourced. -I would need to create a completely new design, even though there are so many pieces of jewellery already on the market.

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These statistics suggest that there is increasing amount spent on accessories, including jewellery, and therefore an increasing market for jewellery. Jewellery can range from cheap, mass produced pieces to expensive, custom-made pieces. There are also thousands of pieces of jewellery for this age group on the market, internationally, in store and online. This proves that there is a large market for jewellery in today's society. Women in this target market would wear jewellery to a variety of occasions, including work, university, out with friends, formal events and parties. Some situations can have overlapping jewellery, and it always depends on the person to whether they wear some jewellery on several occasions. Jewellery is usually occasion specific. A large bright coloured, abstract piece of jewellery would suit a party or out with friends, but would not be worn to a formal event. There is a niche in the market for jewellery that can be adapted for different occasions. Jewellery worn to formal events which is often smaller and includes silver, gold and precious stones, is usually more elegant and expensive than everyday wear. An example of jewellery that could be worn to formal events:

http://www.tiffany.com.au/

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Jewellery worn to casual occasions depends on the person and how much of a statement they wish to make. Such jewellery may be larger, more colourful, eye catching and expressive of the personality of the wearer. An example of jewellery that could be worn to casual occasions:

-Could engage with current trends -Could use recycled or environmentally sensitive materials. -There is a market trend towards unique, one off designs compare to mass manufactured designs. -Could use a range of techniques and technologies. -Large Market. -High demand. -Could use non-traditional materials such as resin, aluminium, felt or wood. -Could create jewellery that adapts to different occasions, reducing the overall cost of purchasing to cover different occasions. -Could have a range that can be added to the base design, as income permits, to enrich the collection (collectable).

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-Some materials and techniques may be expensive -There are already many designs on the market, and the customers may purchase another one. -A one off design (such as a MDP) means mass production cannot be used to reduce the unit cost

Evaluation/What This Means For Mv MDP This exploration of several genuine needs has been extremely valuable, as it has allowed me to understand the background of three very different projects, compost bins, clothing and jewellery. This further understanding of three different projects means I can now compare the three and make an informed choice on my final project, which will be stated and justified on the next page.lfeel that the compost bin project would be a good project, as I have always found compost bins not very attractive, however with the facilities available to me at school this would be very difficult to achieve. The compost bin would be important for the environment and a beautifully designed bin may help sales of this important contribution to combatting household wastage. I would enjoy the clothing project, as I feel I would be helping people like my grandmother have an easier task of putting on their clothes, although I feel I do not have enough skills i n sewing to complete this project. The jewellery project sounds like the most interesting and achievable of the three. I have an easily available target market to research and it is a small-scale product suitable to the facilities available to me. However I think the need is less strong than that of the clothing for the disabled. From this jewellery research I have also identified a niche in the jewellery market of adaptable jewellery, which would be a challenging path to follow, but would also be interesting and enjoyable.

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Need 3: Jewellery for women aged 18 to 25.

Justification of Final MDP In this sect-ion I will compare the three needs that I explored on the previous pages. This comparison will allow me to decide which one would be best to pursue. I will then justify the chosen need and state any parameters of the project.

Comparison

Final Selection Design Brief: To design, create and evaluate jewellery for 18 to 25 year old women, which can be adapted to different occasions.

1. Compost Bin

2. Clothing

-Opportunity to encourage people to compost. -Genuine Need. -I have used compost bins in our family setting and know the problems associated with them, especially their lack of aesthetics.

-Time to produce the product may impact the design. -May be expensive to construct. -It would most likely be a large object consuming space at home or at school. - Production techniques would be difficult and would need to be outsourced.

-Why were they not designed to be aesthetically pleasing in the first place? -Why has it not been combined with an object such as a garden chair when space is such a problem in smaller urban housing?

-Genuine need. -Motivation to help people like my grandmother. -I have easy access to sewing machines and overlockers at school and at home. -I know a few fashion designers who I could ask for advice and evaluation.

-I have limited sewing skills and would have to learn more to do this project. -It would involve either patternmaking or alterations of patterns, which are quite advanced skills. -Time allowed to make the pieces may impact the project.

-Very little clothing is already on the market for this target market.

-Genuine need -I have the motivation to work on this project for the duration of the 1-1Sr.

-Some processes and techniques may be costly. -Some processes and tools - ntsourced. rnâ&#x20AC;&#x2DC;i need trl -I will nave to learn many new techniques.

-Could fill the niche of jewellery to be able to adapt to different occasions. -Could develop the idea of collectable additions to a basic jewellery set. -Most of the surveyed target market wears jewellery to add decoration to an outfit or make a simple outfit interesting.

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cess. - I have experience making jewellery before. - I know several jewellery designers that I could contact with any questions. -There is a large market and demand for jewellery. -I have access to many tools at school and at home that may be needed in the production. -Jewellery is small and can easily be stored at home and at school during production.

Justification After exploring several needs I have chosen to pursue the jewellery design project. From my research I have discovered that the retail of accessories, which includes jewellery, is rising. There is also a large amount of jewellery already on the market, which proves there is a large market and high demand. This all confirmed the consumer need. The comparison to the left demonstrates many positive aspects of the jewellery project including several opportunities for the project to expand and develop. Also, the analysis reveals that there are few negative aspects affecting this project. Consequently I have chosen this project out of the three that I have explored. I have chosen to specifically design jewellery that can be adapted to different occasions, as I identified an unfilled niche in the market during my research. This will provide a challenge that will test my skills and creativity to design a whole new concept. Although the other needs were genuine, they had several negative points, shown in the comparison to the left, and fewer positive points than the jewellery need. Although I can see that they would be very suitable projects to continue on with, I do not see as much potential in those projects when considering my skill set, motivation and the constraints of space both at home and school. I would have enjoyed completing the clothing project and the challenges that come with it. I feel that the compost bin project would be a good project, as I have always found compost bins not very attractive, however with the facilities available to me at school this would be very difficult to achieve. The compost bin would be important for the environment and a beautifully designed bin may help sales of this important contribution to combatting household wastage. I would enjoy the clothing project, as I feel I would be helping people like my grandmother have an easier task of puffing on their clothes. However, I think the impact of my limited knowledge of sewing would make it difficult to successfully complete this project. The jewellery project sounds like the most interesting and achievable of the three. I have an easily available target market to research and it is a small-scale product suitable to the facilities available to me. However I think the need is less strong than that of the clothing for the disabled. From this jewellery research I have also identified a niche in the jewellery market of adaptable jewellery, which would be a challenging path to follow, but would also be interesting and enjoyable. Motivation

I have also chosen to carry out the jewellery project, as I am very motivated to complete it and would be motivated to continue working on it for the entire HSC year. It involves hands on creation of a physical product, instead of, for example, a solely computer based design project. I also have the motivation as I feel I have many skills that would be needed. I also would enjoy learning new skills in this area of jewellery design and may use them in my future, whether in a design career or as a pastime.

Parameters Time Time is the biggest restriction to this project, as there is a clear deadline (26th August) in which the project must be completed by, set by the Board of Studies. This means that time management will be vital to ensure the success of this project. Budget

The budget of this project is $500. Finance planning will be important to ensure the project does not exceed the budget. The budget was chosen based on my current income from my part time job, and therefore I do not want to exceed the budget too much.

Evaluation/What This Means For My MDP

From this comparison I have chosen to design, create and evaluate jewellery that can be adapted to a variety of occasions for 18 to 25 year old women. This comparison has been very enlightening in the choosing of this final project, as I could see the positives and negatives of each project explored and could make an informed choice. The details that seemed to make the biggest impact were my current skill set, facilities available to me, and my motivation. The positives of the jewellery project outweighed the other two projects and seemed that it was the most appropriate project to do. The decision of the jewellery project has had a big impact on my project, as it will allow me to now commence the rest of the project with a goal in mind. The choice of specifically proceeding with the niche identified in the exploration of needs will provide a challenging although interesting journey as there seems to be very few precedents in the market at present. It provides the challenge of both designing a way for it to be adaptable, but also to look aesthetic in a variety of settings. I would have also enjoyed making the clothing project, particularly as it has a strong need, but I do not see as much potential for it to be a success when considering my current skill set.

How effective are existing designs at fulfilling this need?

As a designer it is important to examine trends, styles and designs of current products that meet the target markets requirements. This will involve searching for examples of jewellery for 18 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; 25 year olds, which can be adapted for a variety of occasions.

Investigation

Market

-Look at existing products. -Undertake research on the internet and in magazines. -Visit shops. -Examine several designs from these sources -Draw conclusions

Market

-Conduct a survey of the target market -Analyse results -Draw conclusions

Market

-Visit shops that the target market specified in the survey (above Area of Investigation). -Determine the average price range of the target market -Draw conclusions

Materials

-Conduct research online, in books and talking to teachers and/or professionals -Compare possible materials -Test and experiment with materials -Draw conclusions

Techniques

-Undertake research of what techniques I could use by looking online, in books and talking to teachers and/or professionals -Conduct experiments with several different techniques -Draw conclusions

Tools

-Conduct experiments with several different tools -Draw conclusions

This will allow me to see what is currently on the market, see what makes some pieces of jewellery more effective than others and provide inspiration, as well as understanding what the competition is. , What does the target market want in their jewellery?

In order to design jewellery that the target market would buy, it is beneficial to know what they currently like. This includes what they currently buy, where they buy jewellery, and what they like in their jewellery such as preferences in colour, size and weight. This will allow me to design jewellery that is attractive to the target market, as otherwise they would not buy it. It will also allow me to know what occasions the target market wear what types of jewellery to, so that I will be able to combine jewellery types to make it adaptable. It will also allow me to know where the target market buys their jewellery so that I will be able to later investigate how much they are willing to spend on jewellery.

How much will the market pay for their jewellery?

In order to create jewellery that the target market would be able to afford, it is important to investigate how much they are willing to pay for jewellery. From the above area of investigation, I will know where the target market buys jewellery and can visit these shops to determine their average price range. This will allow me to determine how much the target market is willing to pay for jewellery.

What are possible materials be used in the design?

In order to design successful jewellery, an understanding of the working properties and characteristics and aesthetics of different materials beneficial. i-- # -- '-"- -

Once I start, there will be experiments, research, tests and comparisons into possible materials that will be needed in order to find the best materials to use for the design. What are possible construction techniques?

In order to be able to design a successful piece of jewellery it is valuable to understand the techniques that could be used in the production, and developing skills in these techniques would be beneficial. Once in the testing and experimenting phase of the project, practice and development of the skills and techniques will occur to prepare for the production of the final product. The process of choosing appropriate techniques will also be involved.

What tools will be needed in the design?

In order to produce successful jewellery, it is important that the tools used are appropriate and that I have the skills needed to use them. Once in the testing and experimenting phase, tools will be tested to see if they are appropriate and will help the production of the design. The development of skills involved with these tools will also be done.

Evaluation/What This Means For Mv MDP At first I thought the process of making a plan for the areas of investigation was just delaying before I could start actually making jewellery but, I now realize thatit was very important. Making and filling in this table was valuable, and it has made me really think out what I need to know in order to complete this projectadn ensure all important areas are covered such as materials and market preferences. It also provides me with a clear direction in which to go in order to find these out. There is mostly primary research involved, such as the target market research where I will visit a wide range of shops and interview the target market. It may be that I discover new ideas for my designs as I see other products and hear my target market's preferences. These areas will be investigated and the information gathered will be used in the creation of the jewellery range, and the specific data gathered, or information learnt will appear later in the folio when it is needed.

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Areas of

In this section I will describe several areas that need to be investigated before I can design and make the jewellery. These are areas that will provide extra understanding of the need, current products, construction techniques, materials and any other information that is needed before beginning the project. The actual information and data that is gathered from these investigations will appear on later pages when the information is needed and explored.

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Areas of Investigation

ENLIGHTENED Swarovski Elements Passion Topaz Modular Ring

Stix + Stones Stainless Steel Magnetic Necklace by Brandon Perhacs

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Stainless steel 'Stix with embedded magnets

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Evaluation

-Allows for slight variation. -Choice of extensions with different numbers and colours of jewels.

-May be uncomfortable to wear. -May get caught on other objects and clothing. -Does not really adapt to different occasions, it just can only be modulated by the colour and number of jewels. -Only four different choices.

-Extensions are screwed on. -The ring has an interesting spiral shape.

-Hundreds of different arrangements. -Minimal, simple and modern.

-Dangerous around children as the pieces are small and could be swallowed. -Pieces could be lost easily. -Children can pull and break the magnetic connection. -Expensive at $225 (6 `stix' and 6 'stones')

-The `stix' are magnetic. -Involves the wearer in the creation -The magnets within the 'stix' are set at precise intervals to ensure the components arrange themselves in aesthetic proportions.

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Pandora Charm Bracelet

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Charms can be added, taken off and rearranged

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Evaluation

-Allows for different personalities and personalisation. -Hundreds of choices of charms. -Hundreds of combinations of charms and bracelets.

-There are already many charm bracelets on the market. -Most of the current jewellery that can be adapted to different occasions is in the form of a charm bracelet. -Each charm is very expensive at around $70 per charm. -According to blogs, such as Charms Addict, the clasps often break, and you can easily lose the very expensive charms.

-The charms can also be placed on a necklace or on earrings. -Involves the wearer in the creation. -Can buy a safety chain to reinforce the clasp in order to prevent losing charms if the clasp snaps. -Marketing strategy: creates addiction in customers to buy more charms.

-Many different arrangements and patterns possible. -Many different colours and designs of components available. -Can be adapted to personality.

-Dangerous around children as the pieces are small and could be swallowed. -Would come apart if bracelet falls on floor or was caught on something. -Pieces could be lost easily. -Children can pull and break the magnetic connection. -One bracelet is quite expensive at about $80 (each component is about $8 with a set of silver beads being around $24).

-The pieces are magnetic bypassing the requirement for a mechanical connecting system. -Involves the wearer in the creation.

Evaluation/What This Means For MY MDP

From this research I have discovered that there are not many pieces of adaptable or modular jewellery on the market, other than charm bracelets. From the examples I chose to analyse, I have found the following components of different designs that I particularly liked, and may incorporate or consider them in my designs. For example, I like the idea that there are hundreds of different ways of arranging the single Sprog Ulinx Bracelet. I also like how these pieces of jewellery involve the wearer in the creation, and allow them to adapt it to their personality. A feature of the Pandora bracelets I liked was the concepts of being able to put the charms on a necklace, bracelet and earrings. The Pandora idea of making the pieces seem like "collectables" is interesting and could be incorporated into my design. These ideas may be helpful in the creation of my own jewellery. However all of these pieces of jewellery would most likely be considered expensive by the target market, which from my target market research (next page) into the average price range of the target market came up with $15 - $64, whereas each charm on a Pandora bracelet would be around $70, already over

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In this section is an exploration of existing products that satisfy the need of "jewellery for 18 to 25 year old women that can be adapted to different occasions." Exploring and analysing these products will allow me to understand what the competition is, as well as providing possible inspiration for my designs.

Existing Products Research

In this section is a report on the market research that was conducted in order to define the target market and also to be informed of their preferences in jewellery so that it can be used to develop

Areas of Investigation

the final product and ensure its success. It describes how the data was collected, an analysis of the data, and how this information will be used.

Aim/Introduction

Conclusion and Recommendations

This research was conducted with the purpose of attempting to understand more about the target market, 18 to 25 year old women, and their preferences in jewellery. This includes why they wear jewellery, what types of jewellery they wear, where they buy jewellery, any other preferences in the jewellery they would wear and how much they are willing to spend on their jewellery.

From this research the main points that have been found are: The target market wears jewellery mainly to add decoration to an outfit or make a simple outfit interesting. 82% of the target market purchases jewellery from markets. The estimated price range of the target market is: $15 - $64 88% of the respondents said they would be prepared to pay slightly more for jewellery if it could be adapted between occasions (and if it worked). The most frequently worn piece of jewellery is a necklace, followed closely by rings, earrings then bracelets. To formal events, the target market would wear simple, elegant, small, silver, delicate and beautiful jewellery. To casual events the target market said they would wear fun, patterned, colourful, bright, elegant, silver and bold jewellery that stands out. The main colours that the target market likes in jewellery are silver, blue and black. The target market prefers the materials to be silver, metal and stones in their jewellery The target market prefers smooth jewellery with fine detail. 95% of respondents prefers lightweight jewellery 92% of respondents prefers small to medium sized jewellery They like the images and patterns to be nature inspired such as animals (eg. elephants, whales, dragons, horses, deer and birds) and plants/flowers. The target market prefers good quality and more expensive, to cheap and bad quality. -

Methodology

The methods chosen were different for each piece of information that was needed. To discover why the target market wears jewellery, where the target market buys jewellery, and preferences that the target market has in the jewellery, the research involved surveying the target market. The survey took the form of an online survey using the website SurveyMonkey that was then sent to people that I know in the target market, and then was passed on to their friends. From this I wanted qualitative data to obtain richer information for direct use in the designs. To investigate what types of jewellery the target market wears, the above survey technique was used, but I was aiming to obtain quantitative data, and determine which types of jewellery are worn most frequently. To investigate how much the target market spends on jewellery, the information from the survey regarding where the target market buys jewellery was used. I then visited shops and markets and searched online for the places that the target market specified. I recorded the price ranges and then determined the price range of the target market. I visited the shops specified so I would have a good idea of what they are actually willing to spend, instead of guessing. Analysis and Findings

The findings were long, so the most important findings are summarised in the Conclusions and Recomendatons section, with an example of one research component below.

From this research it can be seen that although there are trends where some ideas were mentioned more frequently than others, there is still a huge variety of preferences and it is almost impossible to cater for the entire market of 18 to 25 year old women.

Examples of findings include:

Colour The frequency of colours mentioned in the question related to colours in jewellery is shown below. A useful - rise was 'too much colour looks tacky,' so I will use a few colours only per piece.

This information will be used to help guide my designs and choices, such as what materials or colours shouldn't use. This does not necessarily mean I cannot design anything that is not described here; it just provides a basis and more information about the target market. From here I can design jewellery with the target markets preferences in mind.

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Evaluation/What This Means For My MDP This market research will be extremely helpful and has had a large impact on the progress of my MOP as it can help guide my designs and help me make informed choices to ensure my final product is successful as it is strongly target market based. From here, as I have more information regarding my target market, I can move on to design jewellery with the target markets preferences in mind, such as their preferences in colour of jewellery. Although, from this research I can also see there is a large variety of preferences and that not all members of the target market can be catered for in one piece of jewellery. I found the research into prices interesting, as it involved asking the target market where they have previously purchased jewellery from, and 82% of the target market have bought jewellery from markets. Also, the results for the target markets preferred colour in their jewellery had interesting results. I could have predicted silver as a favourite, as there are many examples of silver jewellery on the market, but would have not guessed that blue or black to come as the second and third most popular. Another interesting discovery and idea was that several respondents said they wore resin, wood and glass jewellery, so I may incorporate these materials.

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Market Research Report

Criteria for Success In this section are the criteria for success for this jewellery project. The criteria for success create a strong image of what needs to be done for the jewellery to be a success and will be used to evaluate the project throughout the development and on completion.

Criteria for Success

Form Must be able to suit a variety of occasions

This means that the jewellery needs to be able to be adapted to suit a variety of occasions. This is important, as otherwise the final product will not fulfil the need, and hence it would not be deemed a success.

-Photograph the jewellery with a variety of outfits for different occasions -Survey the target market

The target market was surveyed to determine their views on what a piece of jewellery should look like for a variety of occasions. The general conclusion from this research is below, although it does not mean I can not design anything but what is said below, as this would limit what designs can be made. • •

Must be visually appealing to the target market

To formal events, the target market would wear simple, elegant, small, silver, delicate and beautiful jewellery. To casual events, the target market would wear simple, small, colourful, patterned, bright, elegant, silver and bold jewellery that stands out.

This criterion refers to the factor affecting design of aesthetics. Aesthetics refers to the visual appearance of a product.

-Survey the target market.

This is important, as aesthetics is an important feature of jewellery. If the jewellery does not appeal to the target market, it will not catch their eye and hence they will not buy the jewellery. When fulfilling this criteria, I will refer to information gathered in the market research to cater for the preferences of the target market.

El El El El El

It must be understood that it is impossible to cater for all in the target market, and that some of the jewellery will not appeal to all 18 to 25 year old women.

Function Must be comfortable to wear

This criterion means that the jewellery should be comfortable to wear for any period of time. It also relates to ergonomics, the relationship between the human user and their physical environment (jewellery). Comfort includes that it will fit

rget market's wrist, neck or finger depending on the type of jewellery.

-Try the jewellery on the target market -Receive feedback on comfort.

El El

The comfort also —Ades f" -_ weight of the jewellery (95% of respondents said they preferred lightweight jewellery) and also the size of the jewellery (92% prefer small-medium jewellery).

This ic ,Jrtant because otherwise the market would not buy the jewellery, as it would not fit, be too big, be too heavy, be unsafe or would generally not be comfortable to and they would hence discard the jewellery, meaning it was not successful. "

Must be Ff;•,../ tO. P –apt

This criterion means that the process of adapting the jewellery to different occasions must be efficient and not excessively difficult. This is important because it could cause the target market to buy a new alternate piece of jewellery because this one is too difficult to modify each time. They may either dispose of this piece, presenting an environmental issue, or keep it only adapted to one occasion.

-Ask the target market to test the method of adaption -Receive feedback

Evaluation/What This Means For Mv MDP Completing this section has impacted my MDP, as it has provided me several criteria that will allow me to evaluate my project throughout the development and production, and ensure I am on the right track towards successful jewellery. It also provides a method for the final evaluation of the success of the jewellery. There are very few criteria for this jewellery as there are not many aesthetic or functional features that must be present in order for the jewellery to be a success. The limited amount of criteria also leaves room for the designs to develop freely without many restrictions. All of the criteria are planned to be measured by the target market's feedback, as jewellery is a very personal product, and must be aimed at the desires of the market. Out of all the criteria, the need to be able to suit different occasions is the most important (as it it the design brief), followed by the need to be visually appealing.

Tasks

Oct .

Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar F:OPOSAL, AND, IVIANAGEMENT

Apr

May

kin

Jul

Aug

Time Plan

_ Action Pla

Over term four and the summer holidays I stayed on track with my time plan and worked efficiently. The only section of the Project Proposal and Management section that I did not complete in the allocated time was the criteria for success, as I needed to ask my teacher a question about it in the following week, so the time I spent on it overlapped slightly into term 1. Overall I feel I planned my time well and allowed an adequate amount of time for the tasks in the Project Proposal and Management section. I feel that if I keep up this effective time management, I will

Finance Pla

be able to complete the project successfully by the deadline with little stress. ns

Identify an

L.,

Explore Needs

€

Justificatio

of Chosen Idea

a) I-

Areas of In estigation Criteria For Success .i:,._,.

%.•

Generation

Project Development and Realisation This section of the time plan was not so well adhered to. The idea generation took longer than planned, as it took me longer than expected to come up with my final idea. This delayed the testing and experimentation. However, luckily I had planned a 3 week period after "testing and experimentation" and before the start of "realisation", with only "consideration of design factors" and "justification of resources used" to be worked on. This fortunately gave me the extra time needed to gather and refine my ideas and experiments before realisation was due to commence. I had also planned this extra time, as I knew there would be many 'yirneci n it to assessments from my other subjects around this time. This be very useful in catching up and finishing off the experiments that had sto, late, and taught me that it is important to have a bit of 'slack' built into a time plan, to allow for unforseen delays. Overall I was able to catch up after the delay and get the production completed with little stress.

'Consider Design Factors

I also found that the step of "consider design factors" involved more than just a single step (when it is written for the folio), as the factors needed to be considered throughout this section of the project (Project Development and Realisation). Hence, I had not thought to plan this extensive consideration in my time plan.

[Justification of Resources Used [Realisation

1,4 .014 .9

;*f

Market Feedback

The "justification of resources used" was completed much later, because at the time when I had planned to do it, it was too early, and I had not finalised which resources I would use. Hence, this occurred much later than planned.

Evaluation of Functional and Aesthetic Aspects Overall, there were a few delays in this section, but I was efficient and effective catching up with my time plan and completed this section on time.

Final Evaluation Relationship of Product to Project Proposal - • - .•,-•,

Ongoing Evaluatton

Evaluation/What This Means For Mv MOP KEY

Project Evaluation This section was completed almost exactly on time. Having caught up with my time plan in the previous section, I was able to start this section exactly on time. The market feedback was collected and analysed very efficiently, allowing evaluations to be completed soon after. All evaluations were completed on time with the plan, with a week left free before the due date. Overall, I believe this section of the time plan was the most efficiently conducted section of the three, and all deadlines were obeyed.

Project Proposal and Management

Proposed

I had my plan stuck up on my wall as a reference guide to see where I should be up to, and to make sure I kept up

Actual

with the plan. I had heard that Design and Technology was a very stressful HSC subject, as many students easily ran out of time and became stressed completing their projects, so I was careful in my planning.

Completing this project has demonstrated how time planning is a really helpful and effective tool, and I will definitely use in projects in the future.

w aSe uelAi • u e l es odoid pas oi,

Time Plan In this section is my time plan. A time plan is a useful management tool to ensure that the project is finished by the deadline. It breaks up the project into several smaller deadlines so that smaller goals can be achieved along the way. It will allow me to see where I am up to and make sure I am on track. It will also ensure that I complete the project by the due date, and that I spread the work over the entire year. It shows both my planned and actual time for each section.

•■•■■•

Action Plan In this section is the action plan for this project. It is a useful tool for the management and organisation of projects. It visually represents all activities to be undertaken in my project in a sequential order from start to finish. This action plan will allow me to assess my progress and provide a visual guide to the processes involved in completing the project. It is a way of ensuring that my MDP will be a success. Project Development and ; Realisation

Project Proposal

Management

Plans

Research and Experimentation

KEY

■

Beginning/End )

Materials

<--

Explor Ilion of

Tools

lechniques

Direction of Movement Indicator

(ipour Lii nities rime

Target Market Research

Action

Input

Action/Process

I inance

kraiseauggitua Ongoing Evaluation Design Solution Testing,

lvaliiit ion

Consider Factors Affecting Design

4 os tif y Research

ect Evaluation

Existing

Identify and lustily Resources

Research

Product

Market

ITZItAtflin or rulicti'dri31 ,! and Aesthetic Aspects A

Production

4, Areas of

Criteria for

Investigation

Success

Document Hook in Sculpt ris

Purchase materials for components (including bamboo plywood, aluminium and resin)

[Tina! Evaluation /impact,

t 'on Individual, society

Market .4 Feedback

and environment)

Export as .stl file and tiron to o casting Make several circles of different designs

company to cast in sterling silver

wonr, a

range of tools (including Adobe illustrator, drill press, loser cut ter, files and sand paper)

tit're finer.; prof vi to the project

Relationship Of

Proposal

Receive and finish

Proposal

Finish

"mai

Assemble

Project Development Project

and Realisation

Evaluation

Project Proposal and Management I decided at the beginning of last term (term 4 2012) to write the action plan for each section at the beginning of their respective section, as then I could adapt it to my particular project. This is because when I was writing the action plan for the first section, I did not know my project well enough to detail the actions needed in the development and realisation. Therefore I completed only the Project Proposal and Management action plan at the beginning of term 4, and will commence the next section's action plan at the beginning of the next section. Originally I thought an action plan was a waste of time, but during this section I found it very helpful. I followed the Project Proposal and Management's action plan very carefully and completed the steps in the exact order I had planned. I had it stuck to the wall above my desk at home, as a reference guide to see where I was up to. I think this allowed me to successfully keep track of where I was up to in the process, and allowed me to see the big picture of where I was and where I was going. I felt very proud of keeping to the action plan and it helped me to feel confident despite many warnings that Design and Technology was one of the most stressful HSC subjects. This encouraged me to continue planning and sticking to the action plan with the rest of my project. I now think if I plan my project effectively, I will be able to complete it successfully and on time. Project Development and Realisation This action plan was followed relatively well, except for a few sections. The design factors were considered throughout this section, and not simply as a single step of the process (when it is written down), and hence the _ _

action plan had not accounted for this ongoing consideration. The materials stated in this action plan were not all used in the final realisation, as new materials and tools were discovered along the way. I now see that this was over-planning, as those sorts of things (such as materials and tools) were likely to change in the process. Also, there was way more testing undertaken after the decision of a final design, as experiments were conducted throughout production, in order to ensure the best possible final product. Hence this also had not been accounted for in the action plan. Also, the "justification of resources used" couldn't be completed until most of the realisation was over, as the time when I had planned to do this was too early, and it turned out that I did not know what materials or tools I would be using yet. Overall I feel I followed parts of this action plan relatively well, and other parts not so well. Project Evaluation

This section was completed almost in the exact order demonstrated. However, market feedback was collected first, as many of the evaluations (such as relationship to product proposal) required the results from the market research, whereas in this action plan it does not clearly seem to be the first step, and more of a parallel step. Other than this, the evaluations occurred in the order planned in the action plan, and it proved to be very effective and logical order. I continued to keep my flow chart on the wall above my desk and I found it really helpful as I could see I was moving steadily through the plan and would be finished soon. I will use this type of plan in future projects. ucCraltr¢....

r.O.I...ax/eMet:Caar

â&#x20AC;˘ -,

Finance

Finance Plan

In this section is my finance plan. Finance management is important in any design project. It considers the budget and is planned based on expenses and available financial resources, to ensure that the project does not exceed the budget.

Officeworks (Actual: Home)

$15

Metal Casting (prototype)

Palloys

$80

$70

$430

Metal Casting (final)

Palloys

$150

$88

$342

Cardboard

School

$342

1.5mm Bamboo Plywood sheet

School

$342

0.8mm Cedar Veneer sheet

School

$342

0.5mm plywood sheet

School

$342

Black/White Laserthins

School

$342

0.6mm Aluminium sheet

Bunnings

$15.49

$326.51

0.5mm silver Alumamark sheet

School

$326.51

1mm Black Alumamark sheet

School

$326.51

Shell Laserthins

School

Memory Wire

School

$326.51

Round Crimps

School

1 pack (20)

$326.51

Spiral End Cap

School

$326.51

Barrel Clasp

School

_ $0

$326.51

Sydney Sterling Silver

1 (pair)

, $3.48

$323.03

TOTAL

$249.49

I 11, â&#x2013; â&#x20AC;˘

$500

Portfolio

Plain earring Studs

$176.97

---4

$323.03

Evaluation/What This Means For My MDP This planning has been very important in making decisions throughout the project. From the beginning I was able to save money, as I remembered I had a folio at home, so there was no need to purchase a new one, allowing me to save money, and keep the overall cost of the project at a minimum. I had over estimated the price of the prototypes for the hooks, which were cast by Palloys, and ended up saving $10. The prototypes were planned to be cheaper than the final hooks, as prototypes do not need to be as "fancy", as they will not be used in the final product, so I was able to save money by choosing them to cast in a cheaper metal. This also allowed me to keep the overall price down. I had originally planned to cast the final hooks in sterling silver, so I estimated the price of the casting to be $150. However, the final material was changed from sterling silver to white phosphor bronze, as I realised that white phosphor bronze has a similar appearance to sterling silver, and it is cheaper (factor affecting design of finance) and lighter (factor affecting design of ergonomics). This allowed me to save $62. The aluminium sheet was planned to be bought at Bunnings, so the estimate was based on the price advertised on their website. The actual price was exactly the same as the estimate on the day that I bought it, so there was no difference in price. However, I was forced to buy a large sheet of aluminium, when I only needed a small piece, so I still have quite a lot left over and I overall had to pay for more than I needed. If this jewellery was to be produced commercially, this sheet would have been used more efficiently. I was almost accurate in estimating the price of the plain earring studs, as I have previously bought plain studs, and knew relatively how much they would cost. Many of the other materials were available to me at school (school material storage) and are unknown of where they came from or how much they cost. Hence, all the other materials did not cost me, individually, anything, so both the estimate and actual were $0. Overall, I did not exceed my budget, primarily because most of the materials I used were at school. In total, the amount I spent on this project was $176.97, which is a relatively good price, considering how many different materials I used. Overall, I have found planning my finances useful, as I was able to make good decisions (such as the choice of white phosphor bronze over sterling silver), which allowed the overall price of the jewellery to be maintained at a minimum, and prevented the budget being exceeded.

[I, (I. _.))"

;

4, Consider Factors Affecting Design,

In this section is an analysis of a range of factors that affect the design and development of the jewellery. They will provide guidance and direction for the design process to lead to success.

Factor

Description and Why

Impact on MDP

Aesthetics

Aesthetics refers to the physical appearance of the product and its visual appeal to the target market.

This will affect all aspects of the design process especially the processes of designing and manufacture to ensure the final product is aesthetic and appealing to the target market. This will involve using the results of the target market research to ensure that the jewellery is appealing to the target market.

This is important because if the jewellery is not aesthetic it will not attract the attention of the target market, as it is not appealing to them, and hence they will not buy it. Ergonomics refers to the relationship between the human user and their physical environment.

Ergonomics

This is important to consider as otherwise the jewellery may cause harm to the user, or may be uncomfortable to wear, and hence the wearer would discard the jewellery, meaning it has not been a success. This also links to the criteria for success of "must be comfortable to wear". Quality is a measure of excellence. It is often associated with workmanship, decent materials, durability and a higher cost.

Quality

This is important to consider, as a customer will not be willing to spend their money on something they believe to be of low quality and not worth its price. The target market research showed that the target market prefers good quality and more expensive to cheap and bad quality. Safety refers to the condition of being protected from danger or risk. This includes safety in production setting and safety of the end user.

WHS â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Work, Health and Safety

This is important to ensure that no one is being put at risk by using or producing the jewellery. Otherwise the process of making or wearing the jewellery would cause harm. This would be considered unethical practice and would deem the jewellery unsuccessful. LCA â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Life Cycle Analysis

An LCA is a comprehensive examination of the total resource usage of a product from initial concept through to eventual disposal. This includes from design, extraction of materials, manufacture, distribution, and usage and to eventual disposal. This is important to be considered, so as a designer, I can then take responsibility for my work during the process of getting to the final product.

Finance

Finance refers to monetary costs associated with all phases of development. This is important to consider, as it is important not to exceed the budget of the project. Also, if the final product becomes too expensive, the target market may not purchase it. Conversely, if it is too cheap, the target market may believe it is of low quality.

This will affect the MDP, as I will need to ensure the jewellery does not cause harm to the user or make them uncomfortable wearing it. It will affect the processes of designing, experimentation and manufacture, as they are the steps where size, shape and weight of jewellery will be considered.

This will affect the MOP, as I will need to ensure that the jewellery is made of decent materials, durable, and has high workmanship so that the target market will see that it is of quality and will be willing to buy it. This will affect all areas of the project, especially production and the selection and purchase of materials.

' myseir This will affect the MDP, as it will involve ensuring the safety of ,--'-' in the production of the jewellery. This will involve using safe work practices a,â&#x20AC;&#x201D; assessing the risk of steps such as using particular tools and processes.

It will also involve ensuring the safety of the end user by ensuring that the final product does not present them with a risk such as sharp edges of the jewellery. This will be conducted in the Project Evaluation section. It will involve examining the environmental impact including all materials, resources and energy used as well as and any pollution and wastage that occurred at each stage of the MDR This will allow me to take responsibility for all processes and resources involved from initial concept to disposal.

El El

This will affect all aspects of the MOP, such as the purchasing and deciding on materials. This will involve considering different materials and which one is worth using when considering their characteristics and their price. The budget will need to be considered when making many decisions throughout the project.

What This Means For M MDP Completing this section has identified the factors that will have the most effect on my project, which are aesthetics, ergonomics, quality, WHS, LCA and finance. Now that I have analysed why they are important and how they may impact the project, these can guide my choices to further ensure that my project is a success. These factors are especially important to consider in this section of the project (Project Development and Realisation) as it has many steps relating to each of these factors such as during idea generation, purchasing of materials and production. Out of all these factors, I believe aesthetics is the most important factor in this project, as jewellery is a highly aesthetic based product, and hence has a large impact on it's success. This is because otherwise the jewellery would not appeal to the target market and hence they would not purchase or wear it. This would then lead to a lack of sales, and hence the jewellery would be considered unsuccessful.

LI Li

•

Concept One To33te

ciasp

co rvne 0,0-1-14 c-Vole doks

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uses )xectexilve sp.ce

111

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Evaluation/What This Means For My IVIDP

orcies OC--line_ AA03ultn Cain. be-

re_anrcArtcrci boi.e° u.)-eskfl:2-(

bro,ce(e4 cofiv‘ed 13 '1 se-ve,r0,1 rfq)duke 5 jrN cickal'A

-Process of adapting to different occasions would be easy (Criteria for Success) -Would use colours desirable to target market (Criteria for Success) -Would suit target markets ergonomics (Criteria for Success) -Toggles carry oh the geometric quality

-May feel chunky and uncomfortable -May come undone easily -May be too bold to suite formal occasions -May be hard to suit some occasions (Criteria for Success) -May be loose around wrist

111111M=111111 -Asymmetry within symmetry -Framed like a picture -Balance of connector to the piece -Like Pandora jewellery, it can be placed on necklace, earrings and bracelets.

s-pec,',a1 ono 4v9ve, ends .

From this analysis, it can be seen that there are many positives, and that the design has several interesting points, however the negatives, especially the possibility of not fulfilling the criteria of adapting to different occasions, outweigh the positives, so I will not make this design.

can 035o s 4- be.-ikreacjeci ver+cco,N.)

•■••••

Concept Two ptt\ inse week

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e Seuer-ext ai-k- acked coa\ 1,04

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,„...„..-ccAn oi-k-4- achecf -k) or) earrirl

con

move

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4.)141-1et

of.

-Opportunities for

-Very angular and rectilinear

- It could have a

many combinations -Tight linking

-Looks unfinished for necklace and earrings -The thickness needed to fit pin in

range of shapes

-Streamlined -Would use colours desirable to target market (Criteria for Success) -Would suit target markets ergonomics (Criteria for Success)

would result in a heavy design - May be difficult to make -The hinge part may pinch the skin

-Jigsaw appearance -Unfinished appearance

-Looks like a watch band

striking for

-Process of adapting to different occasions may be difficult (Criteria

casual occasions

for Success) -May be hard to suit some occasions

- Uses variation with repetition

(Criteria for Success) From this analysis, it can be seen there are many negative points and that some of the criteria for success (such as adapting to different occasions and the ease of adapting) will not be fulfilled. Therefore I will not continue on and make this design.

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Concept Three Petperc ip

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/./

1.5er-ea (Aifre (vectEct I )

sUole NP-A.â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;"

p; ert, Aroonci ct4+ocide_S 40 4 kes e

4)nts FoA-ti

use, n.tork4eve

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er c 11;

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-secc

so 04-ct e

sfo4-s

kke ak oen n.3 4n o\ le Oro t'Y re..0 enc-e .

fore./ a Chain VC

Poperckp seimen4c

r IF iatioil,'What This Means For My MOP

-Would use colours desirable to target market (Criteria for Success) -Would suit target markets ergonomics (Criteria for Success) -Process of adapting to different occasions would not be difficult (Criteria for Success) wectre_r con reorranq e piece 3 4b S LO-4-1-te Fer so nal;

-May be uncomfortable to wear -May be hard to suit some occasions (Criteria for Success) -Connectors may become weak and bend out of shape -The pieces will want to twist -May be loose around wrist

-Could incorporate a way of allowing wearer to clip in their own photograph -The pieces are individual sections. -Like Pandora jewellery, it can be placed on necklace, earrings and bracelets.

From this analysis it can be seen that the design would suit most of the criteria for success, but the main criteria (also the need) is to suit different occasions which may be hard with this design, so I will not continue with this design.

so nie corNccapio.,s lorcnc_ek424-

sfro t.e_

rece. car\ ols. 0 \e -Heireocied 0 (1 a e ' e

el Q. C_Q_

e cnkst-c..ct-teci -4-l-rregx4s-

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t`f\

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ol000le

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SI ede. ClOts2r" and clâ&#x201A;Źrq to-41,

z f/a/0

+(Ail

s+s

iNaluatioqWhat This rvleans For My MOP

-Round form is reflective of the human form

-The piece would need a

-Would use colours desirable to target

spokes in place once twisted because gravity

to most jewellery which

market (Criteria for

may make it untwist.

Success)

-Process of adapting to different occasions may

- Framed appearance -Could make it so the

-Would suit target markets ergonomics

c.ke st9nS oncl tselca-1-e.rOzAS

mechanism to hold to

-The twisting mechanism is different makes it interesting

wearer could put a

be difficult (Criteria for

photograph into the

(Criteria for Success)

Success)

piece.

-Would be able to suit different occasions (Criteria for Success)

-Only works as a necklace, as it would be too heavy for earrings

From this analysis it can be seen that there are many positives, however the

rervlot.,06(e. d re p lo,c-eolo

negatives outweigh the positives as one criteria for success may not be able to be fulfilled (adapt to different occasions) and also that the mechanism may not

work.

pâ&#x2013;

1101..11

Concept Five

W m, Cie no ation

PH. site.

0+403Che

ona pre S5 Ud

pVe_ ?0,4-\-erin car'

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5ns

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-There are so many different arrangements -Interactive for the

-May be hard to suit some -Has the same idea of occasions (Criteria for having many Success) combinations like the

wearer

-May not suit a formal

Sprog Ulinx bracelet

-Easy to produce as

-Could make it elastic

each piece is the same

occasion - Process of adapting to

-Would use colours desirable to target market (Criteria for

different occasions may be hard (Criteria for Success)

-The repetition of

Success)

- May break apart in use -Would need strong studs

-Would suit target markets ergonomics

-Could pinch skin

(Criteria for Success)

-Would scratch adjacent

and stretch

esc2...

e-ncylei rte_C-WCIC-J2

shapes is interesting -Australian icon of boomerang.

piece. This design has many positive and interesting points, however it does not fulfil two of the Criteria for success and has many negatives. Therefore I am not continuing with this design.

e_ corN to rner SeC-41'0 vtG

Concept Six

ronol e or aleia es

i =RH

possOole_

`1 e5. •

400 -1-1,-W6.2. orconrIo4 become %.neckvt.3 and bor t„..1:kk no+ en hook.

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te,p(e.

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/ cxv-loCi-o 'covee_rioucirli pc:Ace_ cor .1 c_ ■ rc_t es 410 pass 411rou5k

- Modern look

-Would rub

-Could possibly use magnets to

- Process of adapting to different occasions would

against adjacent piece — needs

hold pieces together or a hook -Could have a range of other

be easy (Criteria for

scratch resistant material

-Repetitive shapes make it

-Circles may fall off the hook

interesting -Options for different sizes of

Success)

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ckct

Shd

olecl needs 40 wtele_e_nouatk Por civer-cAl p(e_cel cx+ once_

6 e. no+ P) 'BD prt'A -Ved

TODD

-Would use colours desirable to target market (Criteria for Success) -Would suit target

-1c,cks Cishirt

shapes

circles — target market

markets ergonomics (Criteria for Success) -Would suit various

research showed people like various sizes of jewellery -Can have only one or multiple circles

occasions (Criteria for

-More natural than the other

Success)

designs.

From this analysis, it can be seen that there are many positive and interesting factors. This design also would fulfil all of the criteria for success. Therefore I will be continuing on with this idea.

Testing and ExpLifh -1;■- -

1.-. .caL:L.4-'6

--->

Experimentation into materials, tools and techniques is conducted in order to explore their features and characteristics as well as their suitability for use in this project. The main experiments will be conducted in relation to the three main components of the design: the hook, the circles and the necklace. These three components of the experiments were conducted concurrently. While fulfilling the aims, these experiments will also help determine the resources (materials, tools and techniques) that would be suitable for the design and production. L.;.

Research and Experimentation

Materials

Techniques

Took

;

IAJoh,

Conclusion/Evaluation: From this experiment it can be seen that the 3D hook design is best, due to its aesthetics and function. Aesthetics is an essential factor affecting the design of the jewellery, and hence the 3D hook design has been selected, as the wire and flat hook lacked an aesthetic shape.

Experiment 1

Aim: to determine the best method of making the hook Method: Wire Hook

2D Hook

3D Hook

1. Using pliers, bend the end of a length of sterling silver wire into a small closed loop. 2. About 1cm down the wire, bend the wire outwards and into a hook shape. 3. Straighten the end up to finish in line with the small loop. 4. Cut off any excess.

1. On a sheet of aluminium, draw the desired hook design 2. Cut out the design with a jewellery saw 3. File off rough edges 4. Sand the metal smooth to reduce scra tch es

1. Use the program Sculptris to form a hook shape 2. Export as an .obj file 3. Open in MeshLab 4. Export as .stl file 5. Import the .stl file into TinkerCAD 6. Using the cylinder and hole tool, cut a hole in the wide section of the hook 7. Export as an .stl file C O 8. Send to 3D printer 9. Print ,

From this experiment, the selection of suitable tools and skills involved in using them were developed such as in Sculptris, TinkerCAD, MeshLab and the 3D printer, as well as hand tools including jewellery saws, files and sand paper, which will most likely be used in the final production.

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Experiment 2

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In terms of function, the 3D hook also excelled. However, although strong and able to hold multiple circle components, the circle components in the loop easily fell out when shaken around, which will have to be solved. The wire hook was not chosen as it was easily bent out of shape and the flat hook would depend on the materials used.

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Results: Wire Hook Image

3D Hook

Flat Hook A ...-

Aim: to determine the best shape of the hook in order for the hook to function effectively. The previous experiment concluded that the 3D hook was the best choice of hook, however objects held in it easily came out when shaken, which would occur during it's use as jewellery. Method:

Wider Base

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1. Use the program Sculptris to form a hook shape with wider base 2. Export as an .obj file 3. Open in MeshLab 4. Export as .stl file 5. Import the .stl file into Tin kerCAD 6. Using the cylinder and hole tool, cut a hole in the wide section of the hook 7. Export as an .stl file 8. Send to 3D printer 9. Print

1. Use the program Sculptris to form a hook shape with a narrower space between the point of the hook and the back of the hook 2. Export as an .obj file 3. Open in MeshLab 4. Export as .stl file 5. Import the .stl file into TinkerCAD 6. Using the cylinder and hole tool, cut a hole in the wide section of the hook 7. Export as an .stl file 8. Send to 3D printer 9. Print

Results: ,

Narrower Top Hook

Wider Base Image Aesthetics -Refers to the physical appearance and visual appeal of a product. -This is important as aesthetics is a factor affecting design, and also since jewellery is a highly aesthetic product. -This is tested by a visual inspection to examine the visual aspect of the hook, both positive and negative.

-Very thin -Does not make a statement -Would become almost an invisible feature of the jewellery

-Lacks aesthetics and visibility when viewed front on, as it is flat.

Function -Refers to the ability of a product to carry out the task it was designed for. -This is tested by placing test circle components in the hook to test factors such as how many can fit in, if the hook bends out of shape too easily, if they fall out once shaken etc.

-Easily bent out of shape -Not very strong at holding multiple circle components in it's loop, -The circles in the loop easily fall out when shaken around. -Several circles could fit.

-This is stronger than the wire hook. -The strength would depend on the type of sheet metal used, but the aluminium does bend quite easily. -Also cannot hold many in the curve of the hook.

-It has visual aesthetics from both the front and side views, with a natural form.

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_ Function -Not easy to bend out of shape -Strong enough to hold multiple circle components in its loop. -The circles in the loop easily fall out when shaken around.

-Refers to the ability of a product to carry out the task it was designed for. -The hook is being tested by a shake test to see if the circles components will fall out.

-A wider base did not fulfil the shake test, and the circles still were able to fall out.

-A narrower hook was more successful in the shake test and the circles were less likely to fall out.

-The wider base caused the hook to tilt, making it easier for the circle components to fall out.

Conclusion/Evaluation: From this experiment it was concluded that the hook with the narrower space between the point and the back was better and will be used in the final design. This will allow the hook to hold the circle components in and not have them fall out during the use of the jewellery.

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Experiment 3

Function

Aim: to decide on the size of the hook

-Refers to the ability of a product to carry out the task it was designed for.

Method: 1. Import the .stl file of the narrower hook of the previous experiment into TinkerCAD 2. Export as an .stl file in 3 different sizes 3. Send to 3D printer 4. Print Results:

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-This was tested by placing test circle cornponents in the hook to test both how many can fit in, and if they fall out once shaken etc.

-It is too small and would not hold enough circles,

-Fits a reasonable amount of pieces in

-It is also a bit tight in the base and fitting the pieces in is difficult.

-It is a bit difficult to put the pieces in, as the metal does not have as much -It is a bit difficult to put the pieces flexibility as expected in in, as the metal does not have as the space between the much flexibility as expected in the point of the hook and the space between the point of the hook back. and the back. do not fall out -Pieces vi ces do not fall out easily easily

-Fits a lot of pieces in and would be great for a necklace. -It is a bit difficult to put the pieces in, as the metal does not have as much flexibility as expected in the space between the point of the hook and the back. -Pieces do not fall out easily

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Weight -This involves assessing the impact of the weight of the design. -This is important for the ergonomics of the design (a factor affecting design) so that the jewellery does not cause harm or is uncomfortable for the wearer.

-The small size would be good for earrings, as it would be lighter,

-It would be an average weight of the other two.

-It does not fit many pieces on, due to the small size.

-This medium size seems to fit a decent amount of pieces in the hook

-This is tested by considering their final weight once cast in metal.

Function -Refers to the ability of a product to carry out the task it was designed for -This is tested by placing test circle components in the hook to test both how many can fit in, and if they fall out once shaken.

-The circle components do not fall out easily.

-The pieces do not fall out easily

-This larger size (after being cast in metal) may become too heavy for earrings. -The larger size would be good as it can fit more circle components in it. -The pieces do not fall out easily.

Conclusion/Evaluation: From this experiment, it can be seen that the issue of the circle components falling out has been solved. It was hard to determine which of the sizes was best, so by advice of teachers, an .stl file for each will be sent to Palloys to be cast in a cheap metal as prototypes.

Conclusion/Evaluation: From this experiment it was concluded that the medium sized hook was best size wise due to weight and the amount of circle components that fit in. However, it could have a slightly wider base and the distance between the point and the backing also needs to be slightly wider, although not by very much. It was also discovered that white phosphor bronze (the smaller hook was accidentally cast in this) looks very similar to silver, and is also a cheaper material than sterling silver, so it will be used for the final material. Experiment 5

Aim: to produce a final shape that is a medium size, and has a wider base and slightly wider distance between the point of the hook and the back. Method: 1. Use the program Sculptris to alter the file from the previous experiment to have a wider base and slightly wider distance between the point of the hook and the back. 2. Export as an .obj file 3. Open in MeshLab 4. Export as .stl file 5. Import the .stl file into Tin kerCAD 6. Using the cylinder and hole tool, cut a hole in the wide section of the hook 7. Export as an .stl file as the medium size from the previous experiment 8. Send to 3D printer 9. Print Results:

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Experiment 4

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Medium Size

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Function

-Circle components placed in it do not fall out very easy

-Refers to the ability of a product to carry out the task it was designed for.

-Fits several components in it.

-This is tested by placing test circle components in the hook to test both how many can fit in, and if they fall out once shaken etc.

This one seemed to be accidentally cast in white phosphor bronze instead of phosphor bronze. -This involves assessing the impact of the weight of the design.

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Large Size

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-This one is very light, which would be good for earrings,

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Results:

Weight

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1. Send the 3 sizes of the hook .stl file to Palloys to be cast in a cheap metal (phosphor bronze) 2. Receive

Small Size

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Aim: to produce a prototype of the hook design Method:

-This size suits both earrings and necklace, as it would not be too heavy,

-This is too large for an earring, as it would become heavy with circle components aswell. -Would be fine for a necklace.

Conclusion/Evaluation: From this experiment it was concluded that this was an excellent shape, and will be used as the final design to be cast in white phosphor bronze.

The Circles Experiment 1 Aim: to test the properties and suitability of a range of materials for the circle components of the design. Method: NOTE: The method used for each material depends on the material, as the laser cutter cannot cut metal, but can engrave some types.

Method 1— Laser cutter

Method 2— Hand cut

Method 3 — Mix of both

1. Draw a square in Adobe Illustrator with dimensions 2cm by 2cm to cut 2. Draw a circle in one corner with diameter 2mm to cut 3. Draw a square (1cm by 1cm) in another corner to engrave 4. Set up the file for the laser cutter 5. Send to laser cutter to cut and engrave a range of materials

1. Draw a square in pencil with a ruler with dimensions 2cm by 2cm. 2. Draw a circle in one corner with diameter 2mm 3. Using a jewellery saw, cut out the squares 4. Drill a hole in a corner 5. File off any rough edges 6. Repeat with a range of materials

1. Draw a square in Adobe Illustrator with dimensions 2cm by 2cm to engrave 2. Draw a circle in one corner with diameter 2mm to engrave 3. Draw a square in another corner to engrave 4. Set up the file for the laser cutter 5. Send to laser cutter to engrave a range of materials 6. Using a jewellery saw, cut out the large outer square 7. Drill a hole in a corner 8. File off any rough edges

Results

1.5mm Barnboo plywood

2mm plywood

0.5mm plywood

0.8mm Red Cedar Veneer

Black/White LaserThins

Shell Laserthin

1mm Nickel 0.4mm Stersilver ling Silver

0.6mm Aluminium

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0.5mm Silver 1mm Black Alumamark Alumamark

0.75mm Copper

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Aesthetics -Refers to the physical appearance of the product and its visual appeal. -This is explored through a visual inspection of the qualities of the material, both positive and negative

Weight -This refers to the relative weight of the material compared to the other choices -This is important in ensuring that that jewellery will not become excessively heavy (especially earrings) -This links to the factor affecting design of ergonomics (relationship of the human user to their physical environment —their jewellery), and hence is important to consider in the selection of suitable materials. -This is tested by asking two members of the target market to wear a sample of the material on a simple wire hook as earrings for a day and receive feedback on their weight to compare the differences.

Hardness -Refers to the materials resistance to being scratched, dented or deformed. -This is tested by scratching and denting the surface and trying to bend the sample.

-Medium brown and a light brown. -Visible grain provides a very natural effect

-Pale yellow-brown. -Flat colour — no visible grain

-Light pinkBrown -Visible grain

-Pretty red colour -Visible grain

-"Very light" -"Could hardly feel I was wearing earrings"

-"Hardly feel any weight" -"Pleasure to wear"

-"Can't even feel its there" -"Light as a feather"

-"Very light" -"Light" -"Hardly felt -"Thin and it" light"

-Reasonably hard to dent. -Scratched easily. -Relatively hard to bend.

-Reasonably -Difficult to hard to dent. dent -Scratched -Difficult to easily. scratch -Very easy -Very easy to bend to bend and snap and snap because it is because it is very thin, very thin

-One side black, one side white -Interesting contrast -Black was a popular colour in market research

-Hard to dent -Easy to bend but hard to snap -Hard to scratch

-Silvery ",11 ■ 1.C. -Ftit‘' '' v _. popular colour in the market resc ., rch

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-Has an aesthetic shell pattern -Variations in colour

-Silvery yellow -Silver was a popular colour in the market research

-Silver -Silver was a popular colour in the market research

-Silvery white -... ••-•r- l,/ac a popular colour in the market research

-Reddish Orange

-"very light" -"hardly felt it"

-"Too heavy" by both participating test subjects

-"Light, but noticeable" -"Heavy for its thickness"

-"I could hardly feel it was there" -"Lig hter than any other jewellery I have worn"

-"Tolerable" -"Very light" -"One is fine, -"Light" but would be too heavy when more than one"

-"Noticeable weight" -"Reasonable"

-Hard to dent -Easy to bend and snap -Hard to scratch

-Hard to -Easiest to bend out of bend out of shape. shape. -Medium -Easy to difficulty to scratch scratch. -Hard to dent.

-Easy to bend out of shape. -Easy to scratch -Easy to dent.

-Hard to bend out of shape. -Easy to scratch.

-Hard to bend out of shape. -Hard to scratch -Hard to dent

-Easy to bend out of shape -Very easy to scratch -Easy to dent

gravings -Black wq ,..a popular colour in market

Conclusion From this comparison, it can be seen that many of these materials have good qualities and would be suitable for the purpose of jewellery. The materials that appear most suitable for the design are: bamboo plywood, black/white laserthins, aluminium, silver alumamark and black alumamark. The red cedar veneer, 0.5mm plywood and shell laserthin appears suitable, but would need to be backed with something, as they are very thin and bendy, and the shell is easy to snap. The materials that do not appear suitable are: 2mm plywood, sterling silver and copper, as the metals are too heavy or bendy and the plywood is not as aesthetic the other choices. The nickel silver was not chosen as it was too heavy and may cause skin irritation, and as jewellery, this may present a problem.

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From this experiment, the selection of suitable tools and skills involved in using them were developed, such as in Adobe Illustrator, drill press and the laser cutter, which will probably be used in the final production of the wooden circles. From this experiment it can also be seen that the technique of engraving was effective on many of the laser engraved materials (some could not be engraved).

Experiment 2

Experiment 3

Aim: to determine the size of the circle components Method: 1. Draw a circle in Adobe Illustrator with a 6cm diameter 2. Duplicate and make smaller so there is 5mm between the inner circle and the outer circle 3. Duplicate the outer circle 4. Scale it down by the golden ratio (1:1.618) 5. Repeat step 2 for this circle 6. Repeat steps 3, 4 and 5 7. Set up the file for the laser cutter 8. Send to laser cutter to cut on a piece of cardboard

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Aim: to test another size range of the circle components Method: 1. Draw a circle in Adobe Illustrator with a 6cm diameter 2. Duplicate and make smaller so there is 6mm between the inner circle and the outer circle 3. Repeat step 2 three more times 4. Set up the file for the laser cutter 5. Send to laser cutter to cut on a piece of cardboard

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Results

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Conclusion From this experiment it was concluded that these were a good set of sizes and the use of the golden ratio is interesting. However, there is some wasted material between some of the circles, that could be utilised, and hence save resources (factor affecting design of LCA - life cycle analysis).

Conclusion From this experiment it was concluded that these were a better set of sizes for the circles and will be used for final design. The alteration of the circle sizes slightly so that they all are concentric and with the same width, saves materials being wasted and also creates another circle (4 in total up from 3). However, the interesting aspect of the golden ratio in the circle sizes was lost. This design has become the template for the coming designs.

Exeriment 4

Aim: To test a range of designs Method: Curve

Line

Bubble

Spirals

Birds

Hexagon

1. Use the template of circles in the background 2. Draw a curve in Adobe Illustrator 3. Copy and rotate slightly

1. Use the template of circles in the background 2. Draw a range of lines over the circles 3. Repeat step 2 till desired design is reached.

1. Use the template of circles in the background 2. Draw a set of concentric circles (1mm thick) inside each side of the template circles. 3. Draw a range of circles (0.5mm thick) on the background circles 4. Arrange the design on the circles 5. Using the pathfinder tool, divide all the lines 6. Delete any excess lines

1. Use the template of circles in the background 2. Draw a range of spirals 3. Repeat step 2 till desired shape is reached.

1. Use the template of circles in the background 2. Draw a range of birds using a range of shapes 3. Use the pathfinder "unite" tool to group into one form

1. Use the template 1. Use the template of 1. Use the template of circles in the backcircles in the background of circles in the ground 2. Draw a set of concenbackground 2. Draw a range of hexa- tric circles (1mm wide) 2. Draw a zebra gons over the template inside each side of the pattern over the to cut out template circles. template to engrave 3. Draw lines in be3. Draw a range of tween the hexagons to shapes over the template 41111r' engrave to cut out 4. Arrange the design on the circles 4. Set up the file for the 5. Using the pathfinder laser cutter tool, divide all the lines 4011011 5. Send to laser cutter 6. Delete any excess lines to engrave and cut out of a piece of cardboard 3. Set up the file for the laser cutter 4. Send to laser cutter to engrave and _ cut out of a piece of cardboard

4. Repeat step 3 till desired shape is reached. 5. Arrange the design

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6. Set up the file for the laser cutter 7. Send to laser cutter to engrave and cut out

4. Set up the file for the laser cutter 5. Send to laser cutter to engrave and cut out of a piece of cardboard

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7. Set up the file for the laser cutter 8. Send to laser cutter to cut out of a piece of cardboard

Zebra

4. Arrange the design on the circles

5. Set up the file for the laser cutter 6. Send to laser cutter to engrave and cut out of a piece of cardboard -

of a piece of cardboard . .

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Geometric

5. Set up the file for the laser cutter 6. Send to laser cutter to cut out of a piece of cardboard

7. Set up the file for the laser cutter 8. Send to laser cutter to engrave and cut out of a piece of cardboard

Wave 1. Use the template of circles in the background 2. Draw a circle in the centre of each of the template circles 3. Convert the line to a zigzag but select smooth.

4. Set up the file for the laser cutter 5. Send to laser cutter to cut out of a piece of cardboard

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the Necklace Experiment 1 Aim: to compare the aesthetics of different numbers of memory wire for the necklace

Experiment 3 Aim: to compare the aesthetics of two different methods of ending the three wires

Method:

Method 1— Single Wire

Method 2— Triple wire

Method 1— Crimp and Bending of wires

Method 2— Spiral End Cap

1. Cut a length of memory wire

1. Cut 3 lengths of memory wire 2. Crimp all 3 wires together on either side

1. Cut 3 lengths of wire 2. Place a crimp on one end of the 3 wires 3. Using pliers, twist the ends of the three wire into a curl

1. Cut 3 lengths of wire 2. Place a spiral end cap on one end of all three three wires (bundled together) 3. Silver solder them in place

Results Single Wire

Method 2— Triple wire

Image

Results Crimp and Bending of Wires

Spiral End Cap

Image

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Aesthetics -Tested by a visual comparison

This looks too simple and plain

Looks more aesthetic and has an appealing increasing progression in size.

Conclusion From this experiment, it was concluded that the combination of three memory wire rings was the most aesthetic, and will be used in the final design. However, the three wires do not sit evenly, and their distribution will be further investigated. Experiment 2 Aim: to test the use of a spacer in the necklace to spread the three wires evenly Method: 1. Cut 3 small pieces of memory wire 2. Cut a small piece of black Alumannark into a rectangle 3. Drill 3 small holes evenly along the rectangle 4. Thread on the 3 wires 5. Place a crimp on either side of each hole 6. Silver solder crimps in place

This lacks aesthetics as it looks a bit messy and untidy.

Aesthetics -Measured by a visual comparison

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Conclusion From this experiment, it was concluded that the spiral end cap is the best choice as a method of ending the three wires, and will be used in the final design. Experiment 4 Aim: to compare the aesthetics of two different clasps Method: 1. Attach a parrot clasp to the spiral end cap on the end of three lengths of wire 2. Attach a barrel clasp to the spiral end cap on the end of three lengths of wire Results Parrot Clasp

Results

Barrel Clasp

Image ...

Aesthetics This creates an aesthetic spreading of the wires, compared to leaving the wires to position themselves unevenly. Conclusion From this experiment, it was concluded that this was an aesthetic concept and will be used in the final design. These black alumamark pieces will be called "decorative features", as they contribute to the overall aesthetics of the necklace.

-This lacks aesthetics as it it large and clunky, and detracts from the aesthetic continuous circle of the necklace.

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-This has aesthetics and maintians the continous line of the necklace, as it follows the line.

Conclusion From this experiment, it was concluded that the barrel clasp was the most suitable option in terms of aesthetics, and will be used in the final design.

Evaluation/What This Means For My MDP

From these experiments and tests, the design has evolved, allowing the final product to be created. Many completely new ideas developed during the process, such as having 3 wires on the necklace, not just one. This allowed the circular form of the designs to carry on into the necklace. Experimentation and testing also resulted in a different choice of material to cast the 3D hook in. I originally planned to cast it in sterling silver, however, as one of the prototype hooks was accidentally cast in white phosphor bronze, I discovered its likeness to silver, and that it is a cheaper (factor affectig design of finance) and lighter (factor afecting design of ergonomics) metal. This resulted in the final casting to be in white phosphor bronze instead. Hence, this experimentation and testing has been vital in the development of the design, allowing final production to occur.

In this section is a description of the processes involved in the_development_of the jewellery, including the hook, the circles and the neckklace. __

L The Necklace

The Hook

1. Cut 3 lengths of memory wire long enough to sit around the neck and fall on/near the collarbones at the front.

See display boards. Note: the display incorporates both experiments and production.

The Circles See display boards. Note: the display incorporates both experiments and production. 2. Draw two 15mm by 4mm rectangles on black Alumamark

3. Drill 3 holes evenly along each rectangle 4. Cut out these rectangles with a jewellery saw.

Safety and Risk Askss; Material/Equipment

Potential Hazard

Safety Protocol

3D Printer

-Burning hand on hot plastic

-Keep 3D printer closed while printing and leave to cool before removing object form printer.

File

-Inhaling particles -Getting particles in eyes

-Wearing a face mask -Wear safety goggles

Sandpaper

-Inhaling particles -Getting particles in eyes

-Wearing a face mask -Wear safety goggles

Dremel

-Inhaling particles -Getting particles in eyes -Ear damage -Electrocution

-Wearing a face mask -Wear safety goggles -Wear ear protection -Check wiring for faults before use

Laser cutter

-Eye damage

-Avoid looking directly into laser

-Inhaling vapours of cut materials -Materials catching on fire

-Keep laser cutter's exhaust fan on during use, use in a well ventilated workshop

5. File the two ends of each rectangle into semi-circles

6. Thread the hook, between the two rectangles, on the 3 wires, with two crimps either side of the rectangle on each wire.

-Ensure a fire extinguisher is close by Drill Press

-Getting particles in eyes -Drilling hand -Electrocution from power faults

7. Draw a circle on a piece of paper and mark a point every 30 degrees around it 8. Line up the hook opposite the ends of the wire 9. Line up the black alumamark 30 degrees either side of the hook 10. Silver solder the crimps as close to the alumamark as possible

11. Place a spiral end cap on the end of each bunch of 3 wires. 12. Silver solder the spiral end cap in place. 13. Attach either end of a barrel clasp to each spiral end cap.

-Wear goggles -Clamping material to bench, so hand does not need to be held close to drill piece -Check wiring for faults before use

Jewellery Saw

-Inhaling particles -Getting particles in eyes

-Wearing a face mask -Wear safety goggle

Bamboo Plywood

-Getting particles in eye -Inhaling particles

-Wear goggles -Wear face mask

Red Cedar Veneer

-Getting particles in eye -Inhaling particles

-Wear goggles -Wear face mask

Aluminium (including Alumamark)

-Inhaling particles -Getting particles in eyes -Cut hands on sharp edges

-Wearing a face mask -Wear safety goggles -File them down

Laserthins

-Inhaling vapours

Soldering Iron

-Electrocution -Fire

-Ensure laser cutter's exhaust fan is on, and is cut in a well-ventilated room. -Check wiring for faults before use -Ensure there is a fire extinguisher close by and always put soldering iron back on stand between uses

Note: Material safety is based on their associated MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)

Evaluation What This Means For MV MDP Overall, I have enjoyed the production process. However, I had not expected how long it would take and hard it would be to file metal into an exact circle. Despite this, I did succeed at coming close to an exact circle by following guidelines printed on paper or engraved on the metal. I did come across a problem when gluing some of the designs, such as the bird design, to the backing metal, as the PVA glue leaked out the sides of the veneer a little. If this project were to be completed again, I would conduct further investigation into better attaching methods, other than PVA glue. This process has overall been enjoyable, and I could have continued designing and creating the circle components of the design for much longer.

In this section is the justification of the selection and use of resources in the project, both human and non human

Resources

Justification and Use

Sculptris

This program was very effective at creating a natural and interesting 3D form, which programs such as Vectorworks cannot. Vectorworks focuses on geometric forms whereas Sculpris allows development of free form 3D shapes. In this way, Sculptris allowed the factor affecting design of aesthetics to be considered and achieved. It was used to design the hook that was sent off for casting. Sculptris is also easily accessible at home and at school. Hence, Sculptris was a suitable selection of software for this project.

MeshLab

This program was used to convert the .obj file from Sculptris into an .stl file. This was used because TinkerCAD does not import .obj files. Therefore this tool was critical for this conversion. This software was also easily accessible at school. Hence, Meshlab was a suitable selection of software for this project.

TinkerCAD

This program has many functions, but was used to cut the hole in the hook design. It was used, because Sculptris could not perform that function. Also, it was easier to perform this function in TinkerCAD than in programs such as Vectorworks. This program was also easily accessible at school and at home, as it is an online program. Hence, TinkerCAD was a suitable selection of software for this project.

3D Printer

The 3D printer is an excellent tool for producing models and prototypes efficiently and effectively, compared to hand crafting these objects. It was used to make the models and prototypes of the hook from a digital design on Sculptris throughout the design and production processes until the final design was sent to be cast by a casting company. This allowed the assessment of the aesthetics and function (factors affecting design) of the hook before money was put into casting it in metal. Also, a 3D printer was easily accessible at school. Hence, the 3D printer was a suitable tool to select for this project.

Adobe Illustrator

This program is effective at drawing shapes and designs. These designs can then be sent directly to the laser cutter to cut or engrave a range of materials, whereas many other programs cannot connect straight to the lasercutter. It is relatively simple to use, compared to programs such as AutoCAD, and since this project does not require any extremely complex designs, a simpler program is appropriate. This program was also easily accessible at school. Hence, Adobe Illustrator was a suitable software selection for this project.

Laser Cutter

This is an effective and efficient tool for precisely cutting and engraving a range of materials. It is more efficient than using traditional manual techniques and tools, such as sawing, as it will cut or engrave the exact design that is on the computer. It is very versatile and was used to engrave and cut the materials such as bamboo plywood. Also, the laser cutter is easily accessible at school. However, there are several materials that the laser cutter could not cut such as metals, which needed to be hand cut. Hence, the laser cutter overall was a suitable tool to select for this project.

Cardboard

Cardboard was used for testing particular designs before they were cut out of their final material, in order to reduce the amount of the final material wasted in experiments. It is also relatively cheap, and hence ..,or- . . reduces the cost of experimentation (finance is an important factor affecting design). Cardboard is easily accessible at school and has lower environmental impact than most other materials sâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;' Hence, cardboard was a suitable material to select for experimentation in this project.

1.5mm Bamboo Plywood

From the experiments conducted on a range of wooden materials, this has been proven to be a suitable choice of material. This is due to its lightness and its interesting, natural appearance, including the visible grain. This links to the criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions", where this wood could be used to make the jewellery have a more 'casual' appearance. It is also relatively resistant of to bending out of shape, which is important to prevent the premature obsolescence of the product. Another positive of this material, is that it can be laser cut. It was also available to use in the school storage. It was used to create some of the circle components. Hence, this bamboo plywood was a suitable material to select for this project.

Jewellery Saw

The jewellery saw was used to cut metal parts of the design, as the laser cutter cannot cut most metals, and metal is very difficult to cut accurately with metal snips. This method takes longer, but still achieves the desired outcome, however not as precise as a laser cutter. It also allows a more hands on approach to this part of the project. Jewellery saws are easily accessible both at school and at home, and have less of an environmental impact than the laser cutter. Hence, jewellery saws were suitable tools to select for this project.

Files

Files were used to file off any rough edges after jewellery sawing of metal was complete. It was also used to file off the sprue on the hook created in the casting process. This is to help prevent any sharp edges being present in the jewellery, linking to the factor affecting design of WHS (Work, Health And Safety), ensuring safety during production and of the end user. Files are also easily accessible at school and at home. Files were chosen over sand paper for this task, as it would have been ripped on the sharp edges. An electric filing drill such as the Dremel could have been used but it lacks the fine control achievable by hand, and also uses electricity, meaning it has more of an environmental impact. Hence, files were suitable tools to select for this project.

Sand Paper

Sand paper is an effective tool for smoothing out a material such as metal, and has several grades, which become finer and finer, leading to a more polished appearance, compared to using a file which would leave the metal appearing scratched. This links to the factor affecting design of aesthetics, as scratches are not often considered as beautiful and not suitable for formal occasions. Sand paper is also easily accessible both at school and at home. Hence, sandpaper was a suitable tool to select for this project.

0.6mm Alumin-

From the experiments conducted, this seemed a suitable choice of metal, due to its lightness and silver appearance. Aluminium is also very cheap; linking to the factor affecting design of finance, helping to ensure the project does not exceed the budget. From the research into existing products it was found that silver is a dominant colour in the current jewellery market suggesting its popularity and likelihood of success. This choice also links to the target market research, where silver was the most popular colour for jewellery as stated by the target market, and hence using a metal with a silver colour would contribute to the jewellery's success, and help fulfil the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions" can be achieved with this aluminium, as the silver colour provides a more 'formal' appearance to jewellery. Hence, aluminium was a suitable material to select for this project.

ium

0.5mm Silver Alumamark

From the experiments conducted, this seemed a suitable choice of metal, due to its lightness and silver appearance. It is also a type of aluminium, however it can be laser-engraved, allowing intricate engraved designs to be created. From the research into existing products it was found that silver is a dominant colour in the current jewellery market suggesting its popularity and likelihood of success. This choice also links to the target market research, where silver was the most popular colour for jewellery as stated by the target market, and hence using a metal with a silver colour would contribute to the jewellery's success, and help fulfil the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions" can be achieved with this silver Alumamark, as the silver colour provides a more 'formal' appearance to jewellery. It was also available to use in the school storage. Hence, this silver Alumamark was a suitable material to select for this project.

/mm Black Alumamark

From the experiments conducted, this seemed a suitable choice of metal, as it has an aesthetic white engraving that contrasts with the black. It also is very durable as it was hard to bend, scratch or dent. This choice also links to the target market research, where black was a popular colour, and hence using a metal with a black colour would help its success, and help fulfil the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". It was also available to use in the school storage. This material was used to create some of the circle components as well as decorative features on the necklace. Hence, this black Alumamark was a suitable material to select for this project.

0.8mm Red Cedar Veneer

From the experiments conducted, this seems a suitable choice of wood, as it has a very aesthetic red colour with a visible grain. This material also links to the criteria for success of "Must be able to look different for a variety of occasions", where this wood could be used to make the jewellery have a more 'casual' appearance. This material will be used to create some of the circle components. However, due to the fact that it is very thin, it needed to be backed on another material. Another positive of this material, is that it can be laser cut. It was also available to use in the school storage. Hence, overall this red cedar veneer was a suitable material to select for this p roject.

Black/White Laserthins

From the experiments conducted, this seemed a suitable choice of material, as it has an aesthetic black and white contrast between the two sides. This allows for many options of circles even from just one set. This choice also links to the target market research, where black was a popular colour, and hence using a metal with a black colour would help its success, and help fulfil the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market. Another positive of this material, is that it can be laser cut. It was also available to use in the school storage. This material was used to create some of the circle components. Hence, black/white laserthins was a suitable material to select for this project.

Shell Laserthin

From the experiments conducted, this seems a suitable choice of material, as it has a very aesthetic shell appearance and emulates the appearance of the sea. However, due to the fact that it is very thin, it was needed to be backed on another material. This material could be used for either a causal or formal appearance, and can help achieve the criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions". Another positive of this material, is that it can be laser cut. It was also available to use in the school storage. This material was used to create some of the circle components. Hence, this shell laserthin was a suitable material to select for this project.

Drill Press

This is a useful tool for drilling holes in the materials. This allowed the jewellery saw blade to be placed in the middle of a piece of metal, so the inside could be cut out. It was also used to drill holes in the small pieces of black Alumamark used in the decorative features of the necklace. This was a suitable choice of tool as it allows accurate and neat formation of holes compared to a hand drill. A drill press is also easily accessible at school. Hence, the drill press was a suitable tool to select for this project.

Dremel

This was used to polish the final metal hooks to create a shiny surface. This tool was easily accessible at school. It was chosen over sandpaper as it is faster and achieves a higher quality shine. Hence, the Dremel was a suitable tool to select for this project.

Dremel Polish Compound

This is used with the Dremel to polish and brighten the casted metal. This was chosen as it makes the process of polishing the metal faster and more effective. It was also chosen over purely the Dremel as it allows the Dremel to achieve a higher quality shine. It is also easily accessible at school. Hence, this Dremel polish compound was a suitable selection for this project.

Palloys

Palloys is a metal casting company, where the .stl hook files were sent to and cast in a metal. They casted both the prototypes and the final design. This casting process was outsourced, as the process of casting metal could not be conducted at school. Palloys is also a Sydney based company, so the files could be cast and delivered quickly. Hence, Palloys was a suitable external company to select for the casting of the hook.

Phosphor Bronze

This is a cheap material that the prototype metal hooks were cast in. This allowed me to feel how the hook design would appear before it is sent to be cast in the final metal. This metal was chosen for the prototypes, as it was the cheapest metal available at Palloys, and since the prototype did not need to be in a good material, it was suitable. This follows the factor affecting design of finance, ensuring the project does not exceed the budget. Hence, phosphor bronze was a suitable material to select for the prototypes of this project.

White Phosphor Bronze

Originally, the final hook was going to be cast in sterling silver, but was changed. White phosphor bronze has the appearance of silver, but is cheaper, allowing the production and final product price to be lowered (factor affecting design of finance), so both the financial planning can be lowered and the target market will be more likely to afford the jewellery, as sterling silver is more precious and expensive. White phosphor bronze is also lighter that sterling silver, following the factor affecting design of ergonomics and the criteria for success of "Must be comfortable to wear", where weight must be considered. Hence, white phosphor bronze was a suitable material to select for this project.

Kwik Grip Spray

This spray glue was used to temporarily attach the printed paper circles to metals (eg. Aluminium), in order for it to be cut out by hand, since the laser cutter could not cut metal. This allowed the circles to be almost accurately cut to size, while still being able to remove the paper afterwards. This was chosen over other glues, as it allows the temporary aspect of the glue to be used. This is also easily accessible at school and at home. Hence, this Kwik Grip Spray was a suitable selection for this project.

PVA Glue

PVA glue was used to stick parts of the design together. For example the red cedar veneer birds were attached with glue onto an aluminium backing. PVA glue was chosen, as it was easily accessible at school and at home. It was chosen over the Kwik Grip Spray, as the spray would appear through the gaps (as it would spray all over the the aluminium surface) in the bird design, whereas, the PVA glue could be more hidden. Hence, the PVA glue was a suitable choice for this part of the project. However, the PVA glue did have some leakage out the side. If the project were to be done again, further investigation into attachment methods would be conducted. Hence, this PVA glue was overall a suitable tool to select for this project.

0.5mm plywood

This was used as a backing between two layers of red cedar veneer to increase the strength of the Bubble design. It was chosen, as it was able to be laser cut in the fine detail of the Bubble design, whereas many other woods cannot. It was also thin enough so the circle could still fit in the hook with the 3 layers of wood, whereas if the red cedar veneer was backed with bamboo plywood, it would be too thick to fit in the hook. It was also chosen, as it was easily accessible at school. Hence, overall this plywood was a suitable material to select for this project.

Earring Studs

Earring studs were used to hold the casted hook in place on the ear, when the earrings are being worn. Studs were chosen over earhooks, as the presence of two hooks would affect the aesthetics (factor affecting design). The earhook would also add to the length of the earring, as it is already quite long with the circle components and the casted hooks. Hence, studs were a suitable option for this aspect of the design.

Memory Wire

Memory wire was used to make the necklace, which one hook hangs off. This was chosen over string, a chain or plain wire, as memory wire holds an aesthetic round shape (factor affecting design of aesthetics). This round shape keeps in pattern with the circular features of the design. Memory wire was also available at school. Hence, memory wire was a suitable choice of material for the necklace.

Round Crimps

Round crimps were used to keep the black Alumamark decorative features on the necklace in place. Crimps were used, as otherwise the decorative features would move too much along the necklace and would affect the aesthetics of the design (factor affecting design of aesthetics). Round crimps were chosen over cylinder crimps, as the round crimps are more aesthetic, and have the appearance of beads. Round crimps were also available at school. Hence, round crimps were a suitable choice of material in the design.

Spiral End Cap

This was used to join the ends of all three wires in the necklace together and to hide the ends. This was chosen because other methods of ending the three wires would have been messy, such as bending them into a loop. This allowed the end of the necklace to be finished neatly and be connected to a clasp. This spiral end cap is also more aesthetic than other end caps. Spiral end caps were also available at school. Hence, the spiral end caps were a suitable choice for the necklace.

Barrel Clasp

The barrel clasp was used to join the two ends of the necklace together, and still allow the necklace to be opened and closed. This clasp was chosen over other clasps, such as a parrot clasp, as the barrel clasp keeps in line with the line of the necklace, maintaining the aesthetics (factor affecting design). Whereas a parrot clasp would have broken up the continuous line of the necklace. A barrel clasp was also available at school. Hence, a barrel clasp was a suitable selection for this design.

Soldering Iron

A soldering iron was used to melt the silver solder into the crimps and the spiral end caps to ensure they do not move out of position. A soldering iron was chosen over a soldering torch, as this part of the jewellery required more precise work and in a small space (the crimps and spiral end caps), and did not need the large area of heat a torch provides. A soldering iron was also available to use at school. Hence, a soldering iron was a suitable choice of tool.

Silver Solder

Silver solder was placed in the crimps and spiral end caps to ensure they do not move out of position. Silver solder was chosen over other types of solder (eg. copper solder), due to its silver appearance, which matches the memory wire and the hook. If another solder with another colour was used, it would impact the aesthetics (factor affecting design), and would appear out of place in the primarily silver necklace. Silver solder was also available at school. Hence, silver solder was a suitable choice.

Teachers

My teachers provide valuable help, advice and support. This is important for the development of the project, as I can ask questions and they help when my project is having trouble. Hence, my teachers were important resources in the development of my project.

Family

My parents provided support and encouragement throughout the Major Design Project. Hence, my parents were important resources in the development of my project.

Evaluation What This Means For My MDP This justification seemed initially to be a waste of time, however now I can see the breadth of the resources I used. I can also now see that all of the resources were chosen for good reasons and many were rejected (and do not appear on this list). However, there were several materials that could have been researched further and a better material found. For example the PVA glue had some leakage out the side of the bird design and wave design. If the project were to be done again, further investigation into attachment methods of the design to the aluminium backings would be conducted. This particular issue made me especially clear that all materials should be tested before used for the final product. I had presumed there would not be a problem with PVA as I had used it in the past but the particular usage in the bird design was different to situations I have used the glue before. Each design is unique with its unique problems.

Functional and Aesthetic Aspects In this section is an analysis and evaluation of all functional and aesthetic features of the jewellery.

Functional One critical feature of the design is the hook. The hook's function is to hold a set of circles in it. It has been designed to be functionally strong enough to hold multiple circles. The 3D shape of the hook allows this to be possible, and results in a strong and rigid design. Many other methods of making the hook were considered and experimentally tested (see experimentation and testing section), including wire and sheet metal hooks. From this experiment, the 3D metal casted hook was decided on for its excellence in tests for strength and ability to hold multiple components. Hence, this design choice resulted in a strong hook that successfully holds the circle sets, and does not break or bend out of shape (as proven in experiments). Therefore it can be concluded that this aspect of the hook is functionally successful. Another functional aspect is that the hook has been specifically designed so it is easy to adapt, so it is easy to place the circles in and out (relates to the criteria for success of "must be easy to adapt"). This was achieved through the hook mechanism whereby the circles can easily be placed in it and removed. This results in a very easy adapting mechanism. According to final market feedback on my jewellery, 70% of respondents said the mechanism was "easy" to adapt (scaled 6 out of 7), and 26% said it was "very easy" (scaled 7 out of 7). Therefore it can be concluded that this functional aspect of the design was overall a success. In addition the hook has been designed so that the circles do not fall out very easily. This is achieved by the narrow distance between the back of the hook and the point of the hook, as well as the wide base. This means that when the hook is shaken, the circles are going to rest in the inside of the hook under the front curve, resulting in the reduced likelihood of the circle components escaping out the small gap. This has been experimentally tested (see experimentation and testing section) by a "shake test", which successfully demonstrated this low chance of the circles coming out. Therefore this functional aspect of the design can be considered a success. However, if the project were to be completed again, ideally a better mechanism to keep the circles in (with no chance of them accidentally coming out) would be investigated, in order to improve the design. Another functional aspect of the hook is that it allows the circles to be part of a necklace or earrings. The use of the hook for both the earrings and necklace settings results in this multi functional design. This idea of functioning as multiple pieces of jewellery was drawn from initial research into existing jewellery, where Pandora jewellery beads can be placed on earrings, necklaces or bracelets. From the final market feedback, 98% of respondents said the jewellery and hook was suitable for both earrings and a necklace. Therefore, it can be concluded that this functional aspect of the design was successful. The second main feature of the jewellery is the circles. One functional aspect of the circles is the choice of 4 sizes of each circle design that the wearer may choose from. The wearer may choose to wear as little as one to as many as four on the hook at once. The sets can be mixed enabling a wide variety of final settings to suit many different occasions. This results in an effective method of catering for different preferences in sizes of jewellery, as one may want a larger necklace (eg. the two biggest circles) and smaller earrings (eg. just a pair of small circles) or vice versa. From market feedback, 100% of respondents thought the range of sizes available were a helpful aspect of the design. Therefore, the range in sizes is a successful functional aspect of the design. Another functional aspect of the circles is the "collectable" jewellery idea. This idea was drawn from existing product research, particularly the Pandora jewellery, where many different charms are available to buy and be added to the wearer's jewellery. This created a marketing strategy of collector addiction. This was incorporated into my design by having many different circle designs, which the wearer can purchase and add to their collection, permitting many more combinations to be achieved, resulting in this "collectable" idea. If produced commercially (not as a one-off Major Design Project), this would likely be a successful marketing strategy, which would increase sales. Therefore, this functional aspect of the design would be considered a success. However, the hook and the circles do have a combined functional drawback. The smallest circle does not fit over the front of the hook directly, and must be tilted upside down then twisted in. This results in a slightly more difficult aspect to the design. Therefore, this is a functional downside to the design. If the project were to be completed

ELI

again, the design of the hook would have been altered slightly to allow the smallest fit in more easily, or the size of the smaller circle would have been altered. However, despite this, the market feedback suggested that the target market still found the process of adapting the jewellery relatively easy (70% said "easy", 26% said "very easy" and 4% said "somewhat easy"). Therefore, the jewellery can still be considered a functional success, despite this minor drawback. Overall, I believe the jewellery can be considered highly functional in most aspects of the design, is an overall functional success. This conclusion comes from a range of sources such as target market responses and feedback, as well as product experimentation and testing.

Aesthetic Aesthetics is the visual appearance and appeal of a product. The hook was designed with aesthetics in mind. The combination of using Sculptris, TinkerCAD, Meshlab, 3D printer and 3D metal casting resulted in a highly aesthetic, natural form. Many other methods of making the hook were considered, including wire and sheet metal hooks, but a 3D metal casted hook was decided on for its ability to take the sculpted shape and provide a superior appearance. The use of white phosphor bronze was chosen for its likeness to silver, resulting in an aesthetic hook. The initial target market research showed that the target market's favourite colour in jewellery is silver, so the aesthetics of this hook are directed towards the target market's preferences From the final market feecibatA, ' ' 98% of respondents said they found the hook aesthetically pleasing. Therefore it cars ut is highly aesthetic. The circle components of the design also have their individual aesthetics and a wide variety was prouuced to increase the ability to appeal to a range of people. First of all, the Curve design uses black Alumamark with white engravings, following the target market's preference of black in jewellery (from initial target market research). The design also incorporates mathematical curves into a repetitive pattern, and in some ways the repetition emulates waves. These aspects result in a visually appealing effect. From the final market feedback, it was found that this was the favourite of all the sets of circles with an average score of 9.5 out of 10. The market feedback also suggested that many would wear this set of circles for both formal and casual occasions, helping achieve the criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions". Therefore it can be concluded that this circle design is successfully a highly aesthetic design, and helps achieve the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The Waves design consists of silver Alumamark with the wave cut out of beautiful natural shell laserthins. This design also emulates waves, which is reinforced by the shell pattern, linking to the sea theme. The use of a silver coloured material was decided from the target market research initially conducted, which indicated the target market's preference of silver coloured jewellery. The combination of these features result in an aesthetic design. This was the second most popular design in the final market feedback (average score of 8.9 out of 10). The market feedback also suggested that many would wear this set of circles for both formal and casual occasions, helping achieve the criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions". Therefore it can be concluded that this circle design is a highly aesthetic and successful design, and helps achieve the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". However, the method of attaching the wave to the Alumamark could be improved, as the glue leaked out from underneath the shell wave on some of the circles, reducing the aesthetics. If this project were completed again, better methods of attaching this would be investigated. The Spirals design was aimed towards the formal end of the spectrum. It is made of silver Alumamark and is laser engraved with intricate spirals. The use of a silver coloured material was decided from the target market research initially conducted, which indicated the target market's preference of silver coloured jewellery. The initial market research also suggested that the target market liked delicate and elegant designs for formal wear. These components combined result in an aesthetic design. In the market feedback, it was rated as the third most popular design, tied with the bubble design, scoring an average of 8.2 out of 10. The market feedback also suggested that many would wear this set of circles for both formal and casual occasions, helping achieve the criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions". Therefore it can be concluded that this circle design is a popular

and highly aesthetic design, and helps achieve the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The Bubble design is cut out of a beautiful red cedar veneer and backed on either side of a piece of 0.5mm plywood. This laser cut design results in an intricate, lace-like and aesthetic design. The target market feedback indicated this was the third most popular of the circle designs, bed with the spiral design, scoring an average of 8.2 out of 10. Therefore it can be concluded that this circle design is a highly aesthetic and successful design, and helps achieve the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The Birds design follows the initial target market research's result of their preference of images of birds in their jewellery. The beautiful red cedar veneer adds another layer to this aesthetic design. The aesthetics of the birds design is further accentuated through the backing on a piece of aluminium, resulting in a lovely contrast between the warm, red wood, which outlines the cool, silvery birds. The aesthetics of this piece is also seen from the sides where there is a colour "sandwich" of red-silver-red. This design was praised highly by many respondents to the market feedback, particularly liking the little silver birds, and received an average rating of 8.1 out of 10. Hence, this design is liked by the target market, and therefore can be considered highly aesthetic and successful. Consequently, this design also helps achieve the criteria for success of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". However, the method of attaching the cedar veneer to the aluminium could be improved, as the glue leaked out from underneath the cedar on some of the circles, reducing the aesthetics. If this project were completed again, better methods of attaching this would be investigated. The geometric design consists of several geometric shapes, which are cut out of a piece of bamboo plywood. The bamboo plywood's visible grain also contributes to the aesthetics of this design. This design was also very popular, and many commented saying it was "tribal", "Aztec" or "reminds me of roman numerals", and scored an average of 7.5 out of 10. Therefore it can be concluded that this circle design is a highly aesthetic and successful design, and helps achieve the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The Zebra design consists of black Alumamark with zebra markings engraved in white. This results in an aesthetic contrast between black and white, and emulating the coat of a zebra. Many in the target market appear to like this design, as indicated by its average score of 7.4 out of 10. Therefore this design can be considered successful and aesthetic. Consequently, this design also helps achieve the criteria for success of "Must be visually appealing to the target market".

out of 10. This is evidence of the wide range of tastes of the target market, and indicates that it is impossible for a single piece of jewellery to appeal to all within the target market. However, it can be considered successful with segments of the target market, and hence aesthetic. Consequently, this design still helps achieve the criteria for success of "Must be visually appealing to the target market", as some in the market liked it. The Lines design on bamboo plywood, despite being very simple, highlights the visible grain of the bamboo plywood, resulting in a highly aesthetic effect. This is reinforced by the market feedback, with some being positive about this design ("simple but effective"), scoring an average of 6.5 out of 10. Hence, the design can be considered effective and aesthetic, and also helps achieve the criteria for success of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". The Black/White design consists of simple circles, with one side black and the other white, allowing the wearer to choose the side to show. It also allows an abstract alternating black and white combination. This design was aimed to simply match and supplement the other designs, and not to be a main one in itself. However it was still quite popular in the market feedback ("simple", "matches anything"). It scored an average of 6.4 out of 10 in the market feedback. The market feedback also suggested that many would wear this set of circles for both formal and casual occasions, helping achieve the criteria for success of "Must be able to suit a variety of occasions". Therefore it can be concluded that this circle design is an aesthetic design, and helps achieve the criteria of "Must be visually appealing to the target market". Another aesthetic component is the physical necklace. It consists of three memory wires connected at the back forming a rigid circular necklace. The three wires are spaced aesthetically by the decorative features made of black Alumamark. A hook is placed between the two decorative features for the circles to hang on. This results in an aesthetic look that suits the circular theme in the circle components. From the target market feedback, 98% respondents said they found the necklace aesthetically appealing. Therefore, it can be concluded that the necklace component of the jewellery is highly aesthetic. Overall, I believe the jewellery can be considered highly aesthetic in most aspects of the design and is aesthetically successful. This conclusion comes from target market responses and feedback.

The Hexagon design was inspired by honeycomb. The market feedback on this design had mixed results. Many liked it and rated it high, whereas there were some who rated the opposite. Overall, it scored an average of 6.9

Evaluation/What This Means For My MOP From this analysis and evaluation, it can be seen that there are many positive functional and aesthetic features of the jewellery. These features are seen both in the hook and the circles, and are supported by the positive feedback on the aesthetic and functional aspects of the design. This success can be seen in the overall positive responses from the market feedback. However, there were negative features, such as the inability of the smallest circle to fit over the front of the hook very easily, and the leakage of glue in some of the circle designs. If the project were to be completed again, these areas would have been given specific attention and investigation, such as other ways of attaching the designs, other than PVA glue. The Hexagon design, which received very mixed response was interesting, as if I were planning to make these designs commercially I would have to decide whether this design would be a financial risk. Such feedback also indicates the wide range of views of aesthetics and demonstrates that a single piece of jewellery cannot appeal to everyone. Most of the evaluation in this section is based on target market feedback, as jewellery is a highly personal product, and hence the target market's appeal is important.

Impact on the Individua Society and the Environment

Final Evaluation (impact on individual, cocioty and nnvironmord)

In this section is an evaluation of the impact of the jewellery on the individual, society and the environment.

Impact on the Individual One major impact of my jewellery would be its impact one's appearance and self-expression. According to the initial target market research, the target market's most frequent answer to the question relating to why they wear jewellery was 'to add decoration to an outfit' or 'to make a simple outfit interesting'. This supports the idea that jewellery would overall impact the visual appearance of an individual, heightening their self-esteem and expressing their personality, all of which my jewellery aims to do. Thus it can be concluded that my jewellery most likely would have a large impact on the life of an individual, especially with regard to appearance, self-esteem and self-expression. The adaptability of this jewellery to different occasions positively impacts the individual in regards to finances. This multi-occasion jewellery would save money for the individual, as they do not need to buy or own as many pieces of jewellery in order to cater for many different occasions. This in turn makes life easier for the individual. According to the final target market feedback, 100% of respondents said they would wear my jewellery to both formal and casual events, and hence supports the veracity of this impact, and the fulfilment of the brief. Hence, it can be concluded that this jewellery has a large impact on the life of an individual, especially with regard to finances. There is little negative ergonomic impact of my jewellery on the individual. Ergonomics is a factor affecting design, and refers to the relationship of the human user to their physical environment (the jewellery). According to the initial target market research, 95% of respondents said they preferred lightweight jewellery, and 95% preferred small to medium jewellery. These were considered in the processes of design, selection of materials and production of the jewellery. The criterion for success of "Must be comfortable to wear" was also considered. The final jewellery is relatively light and has a range of sizes for the individual to choose from. According to final market feedback, all respondents said the jewellery was comfortable (82% said "comfortable", 16% said "very comfortable" and 2% said "somewhat comfortable"). The jewellery is also smooth and has no sharp points, adding to comfort, as well as not being heavy, which would otherwise cause the user to be hurt or uncomfortable. Hence, it can be concluded that the ergonomics of the jewellery is not negatively impacting the individual, and that the comfort of the jewellery is a positive impact. The impact of the jewellery on the individual in terms of safety was also considered, for both the end user, the designer, and anyone associated with the production. For example, nickel silver was not chosen as a material to use in the design as it can cause skin irritation and allergy, which would impact on the end user as they wear the jewellery. Also, all sharp edges on metals were filed and sanded down to ensure safety of the end user. Safety during production for both me (the designer and producer) and others in the workshop was also considered. This was ensured by

carrying out safe work practices and assessing any risks before they were encountered. For example, whilst using the Dremel to polish the hook, safety precautions were carried out, such as wearing safety goggles, an apron, ear protection, and a face mask to avoid inhalation of any particles. Hence, it can be concluded that the impact on the individual in terms of safety was kept at a minimum, to reduce any harm to the user or anyone associated with production. There was also a positive impact on my development as a designer. Through the process of the major design project, I developed many new skills. For example learning how to use new machinery such as a Dremel and using new software such as Scuiptris and TinkerCAD. I also learnt the importance of project management, such as detailed time planning, in order to complete a project successfully and on time. I had previously thought time planning was a waste of time, but now realise its importance, particularly when I realised I was getting behind. If I did not have a time plan, I would have not realised how far behind I was, and would not have made the attempt to catch up. I will carry this knowledge and skills into future projects. Hence, this project has impacted on my development as a designer.

Impact on Society As the major design project is developed as a one-off it is hard to determine its social impact. This is especially so since jewellery usually only impacts those who are immediately interacting with it. However, if the jewellery were to be developed commercially, this would have a sc • • t' • Lung, it would increase employment opportunities in areas such as manufacture, distribution and marketing. This increase in employment increases ones quality of life, as this allows them to develop an income. However, the location of this employment must be considered, as it would be unethical to produce the jewellery offshore in sweatshops, which could be considered as a negative impact on their society. Also, the increase in sales, due to the jewellery's commercialisation, would also positively contribute to the economy. Hence, it can be concluded that in a commercial setting, there would be a positive impact on society. This jewellery could also create or influence a trend towards multifunctional or multi-occasional jewellery. This would result in more jewellery being created with this idea in mind. This would also result in employment opportunities for both the designers, and all involved in manufacture and marketing. In turn, the increase in sales due to this trend would positively contribute to the economy. Hence, this jewellery and its possible influence on trends could have a positive societal impact.

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Impact on Environment The impact of the jewellery on the environment will be evaluated through a Life Cycle Analysis (a factor affectign design) and will examine the inputs (materials, resources and energy) and outputs (pollution and wastage) at each stage of the life of the jewellery and materials. The Life Cycle Analysis was chosen as it is the best method of evaluating the product's impact on the environment at all phases of its life. Note: Life Cycle Analysis is on the next page

Evaluation/What This Means For My MDP From this evaluation, it can be seen that there is an overall positive effect on the individual, in terms of self-esteem, finance, safety and my development as a designer. As jewellery is a personal product and as it has been produced as a one-off there is little predicted impact on society. However, if it were to be produced commercially there would be an impact for workers and employment opportunities, and hence would have a positive impact. Also, the jewellery may influence future trends in jewellery. As a designer, it is also important to consider and acknowledge the impact of designing and producing on the environment. This project uses a range of materials, from metals to woods, and hence has different impacts for each. Several of the materials had a reduced impact as they were from sustainable sources, and are able to be reused, recycled or biodegradable at the end of their use, such as bamboo plywood. By completing this life cycle analysis, I was able to understand them impacts of my design. For example, I did not realise how much impact aluminium extraction had on the environment. If the project were to be completed again, I would explore using recycled materials or reusing other objects and would be careful to source materials produced in Australia. This would reduce overall impact of my design on the environment

Pre-Manufacture (The main materials are investigated)

White Phosphor Bronze This is an alloy of copper, tin and phosphorous. The mining and refining of these metals can be very polluting and toxic (both to humans and environment). Mining also destroys natural habitats due to its extensive land use, causes erosion and contaminates soil, water and air. All mining uses large amounts of energy and therefore has a significant carbon footprint. Later refinement of these metals also uses a lot of energy, releasing greenhouse gases. Also, phosphorus is a highly reactive and potentially toxic (both human and environment) chemical so it would need careful processing. Hence, the mining and processing involved in the production of white phosphor bronze has a huge negative impact on the environment. If this project were to be completed again, a more environmentally friendly alternative material could have been investigated and chosen, in order to reduce impact on environment.

Life Cycle Analysis

Aluminium Mining of aluminium uses machinery that requires fuel and energy usage and therefore has a significant carbon footprint. Mining of aluminium also destroys natural habitats due to its extensive land use, and also causes erosion and contaminates soil, water and air. Aluminium extraction also has a high water requirement, which is a problem in a low water supply country such as Australia. Aluminium refining needs extremely high temperatures and thus uses a large amount of carbon producing energy. Hence, the mining and processing involved in the production of aluminium has a huge negative impact on the environment. If this project were to be completed again, a more environmentally friendly material could have been investigated and chosen, in order to reduce impact on environment. Bamboo Plywood Much bamboo plywood is obtained from sustainable plantations. Bamboo is a rapidly growing crop and thus results in a highly efficient use of land compared to other wood crops. Energy is required for culling and collecting wood, but it is an easily extracted timber compared to many other wood types. Plywood processing i s also low energy compared to many other wood products. However, plywood also requires glues that, depending on the glue used, can give off toxic fumes in the manufacturing process. Hence, overall bamboo plywood is an environmentally friendly material and good choice. As the bamboo I used was stored at school, I was unable to track where it came from or what glues were used. If in future, I were responsible for the purchase of materials such as this, I would choose carefully to maximise sustainability. Red Cedar Veneer Red cedar is a renewable wood, however it is usually sourced from America. As the red cedar veneer I used was in the school storage, I was unable to track where it came from. It would be better to use an Australian wood, to reduce impact on the environment caused by transportation over seas. In the future, if I were responsible for the purchase of materials such as this, I would choose carefully to maximise sustainability. Plantation cedar wood is a better choice than old forest wood, when viewed from the habitat and sustainability perspective. Also, energy is required for culling and collecting of wood and hence has an environmental impact. Also, very little wood is wasted in the processing of cedar veneer. However, I used this red cedar, as it was available at school. Hence, overall, the red cedar veneer was a good choice for this project, but if the project were completed again, I would investigate more sustainable woods. Transportation of Materials

Transportation may be by car, truck, boat or plane. These require energy to transport the materials, and hence contribute to global warming as these modes of transport release greenhouse gases. Materials produced in Australia would be preferable for this reason. For example, red cedar is a renewable resource but it is produced mainly in North America, not in Australia, and thus transport across the globe adds to the environmental footprint of this material. Overall, the pre-manufacture stage of the life cycle has both neutral and negative effects on the environment, as some processes such as mining have negative impacts and transport contributes to atmospheric carbon, but sustainable plantation bamboo plywood processing is environmentally fairly neutral, with low energy use.

Disposal

Eventually, parts of the jewellery may break, snap, or get worn out. This may result in the disposal of the jewellery. The bamboo plywood and red cedar veneer are biodegradable and recyclable, and hence would have little impact on the environment at disposal. Aluminium and white phosphor bronze can be recycled and melted down to be reused for other products, resulting in less of an impact. The PVA glue used in some of the designs is also biodegradable, resulting in less of an impact, however if burnt, it would release toxic fumes, which would result in an environmental impact. Hence, the disposal phase of the life cycle has overall a minimal impact on the environment.

Usage

Throughout usage, no materials, resources or energy is typically needed, as the jewellery does not require maintenance. There is also no need to pollute or produce wastage during use. Also, This jewellery aims to suit a variety of occasions, and in turn reduces the need to buy so many pieces of jewellery, and hence reduces resource and energy usage through production of more jewellery. The foreseen success of this feature is evident in the results of the final market feedback, which concluded that 100% of the respondents from the target market would wear the jewellery to both formal and casual occasions. Therefore, this would reduce the wearers need to buy more jewellery, indirectly reducing the amount of jewellery needed to be produced. Hence, the usage phase of the life cycle has minimal impact on the environment.

Manufacture (The main steps are investigated) Laser Cutting

Laser cutting uses up materials including bamboo plywood, veneer and Alumamark. Also, both the laser cutter and a fan is on throughout cutting, which both use up energy. However, steps Were taken to reduce the wastage of resources involved in laser cutting. The positioning of the laser cutting files as close together as possible reduced material wastage. Also, the use of concentric circles for each design results in very efficient use of materials, as there is little wasted material. Also, the wave design uses both the positive and negative of the design thus ensuring maximal use of the shell Laserthins. Also, when the laser cutter was not being used, it was switched off to reduce energy usage. Metal Casting

The metal casting process carried out by Palloys uses up the material of white phosphor bronze. The process of casting uses the lost wax process, where a cast needs to be made from wax. This wax is then reused for the next casting product, so little wax is wasted in the process. Casting would have been more efficient if larger numbers were made, so my one off was relatively inefficient as the mould would only be used once (as the cast required energy to be created). Also, These casts were not made onsite, so transportation from Palloys to school would release greenhouse gases. However, Palloys is in Sydney, so the transportation distance by car is not far, reducing the impact. Polishing

The process of polishing the hook uses a Dremel, which uses energy. The Dremel also requires replacement of polishing heads as they wear out, which contribute to landfill. Hence, polishing has a significant impact on the environment. This impact was reduced by first sanding the hooks by hand, so that they do not need to be polished for as long, reduceing the energy used. Hence, the manufacture phase of the life cycle has significant impact on the environment, in terms of energy and material usage. However, steps were taken to reduce the wastage involved in production.

shi to of the Fhla Product to Crit ria for S cc ss

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ln this section is an analysis of the relationship of the jewellery to the criteria for success identified in the project proposal

Relationship of the final product to the project Proposal

Form

Must be able to suit a variety of occasions

Market Feedback - Measurement of Success (methods stated on Criteria For Success page

Analysis

Would you wear any of these combinations (demonstrated in the photos) or particular circles to a formal occasion? Yes/No • 100% of respondents said "Yes"

From these results, it can be seen that many people in the target market (18 to 25 year old women) would wear this jewellery in a variety of settings, both formal and casual, as evidenced by the high response of "Yes" to both questions. It can also be seen that some of the circle designs successfully overlap between formal and casual, such as Black/White, Curve, Waves and Spirals design. Many combinations are possible using these designs, allowing a wide variety of combinations suitable to both types of occasions. Therefore it can be concluded that this jewellery has successfully achieved the criterion of being able to suit a variety of occasions, as indicated by the target market, and hence also fulfils the brief of "to design, create and evaluate jewellery for 18 to 25 year old women, which can be adapted to different occasions".

Name which particular sets (combined or not) you would wear to a formal occasion? • Sets mentioned: Curve, Spirals, Waves, Black/White Would you wear any of these combinations (demonstrated in the photos) or particular circles to a casual occasion? Yes/No • 100% of respondents said "Yes" Name which particular sets (combined or not) you would wear to a casual occasion? • Sets mentioned: Lines, Birds, Hexagon, Curve, Bubbles, Black/White, Geometric, Zebra, Waves, Spirals

Must be visually appeal- On a scale of 1-7, overall how visually appealing is this jewellery (7 being very appealing) • 78% responded with 6 (appealing) ing to the target market • 20% responded with 7 (very appealing) • 2% responded with 5 (somewhat appealing)

From these results, it can be seen that many people in tic Lai bei _ jewellery visually appealing, as the scaling was very high, with no results below can also be seen that there are many different views on what is visually appealing, and that it would be impossible to cater for all. Overall, from these results, it can be concluded that this criteria has been successfully achieved.

Function Market Feedback - Measurement of Success (methods stated on Criteria For Success page)

Analysis

Must be comfortable to wear

On a scale of 1-7, how comfortable is it to wear? (such as in regards to weight, size, texture, and shape) (7 being very comfortable) • 82% responded with 6 (comfortable) • 16% responded with 7 (very comfortable) • 2% responded with 5 (somewhat comfortable)

This question of comfort included size (too big?), weight (too heavy?), texture (too rough on skin?) and shape (too sharp or painful?), in order to cover all areas of cornfort of the jewellery. From these results, it can be seen that the jewellery is overall comfortable to wear, due to the high scaling of all above 5. Hence, this criterion can be considered to have been fulfilled.

Must be easy to adapt

On a scale of 1-7, how easy is the jewellery to adapt? (7 being very easy) • 70% responded with 6 (easy) • 26% responded with 7 (very easy) • 4% responded with 5 (somewhat easy)

It can be seen that the target market finds this jewellery easy to adapt, due to the high scaling of only 5, 6 and 7, with none below 5. Hence, this criteria can be considered successfully fulfilled.

Evaluation/What This Means For Mv MDP From this analysis of the relationship of the jewellery to the original criteria in the project proposal, I have discovered that I have successfully achieved what I had set out to do. The size of the target market sample was 49 respondents and therefore the reliability of the results was relatively high. A larger survey would be ideal, but the market feedback was still overall very helpful and positive, and reinforced the success of the jewellery in fulfilling its criteria. All of the criteria were measured by the target market's feedback, as jewellery is a very personal product, and must be aimed at the desires of the target market. Knowing that it is impossible to cater for the preferences of all people in the target market, the results were still fantastic. Overall, I feel proud of what I have achieved and found the process of completing the major design project a very exciting and valuable experience, and having learnt so much in areas of design, production, research and project management. I plan to use this new knowledge and experience in future projects.

Draw a bubble design in Adobe Illustrator

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Laser cut experiment out of cardboard

Lasercut of red ce veneer

Arrange bubbles on circle template, with two small outer rings free of bubbles

Glue one red cedar veneer circle on either side of a plywood circle

Laser cut final design out of red cedar veneer and also 0.5mm plywood

Bubble Design

Laser cut experiment on red cedar veneer

Laser cut experiment on cardboard

Alter design so it is not so fine (so it will not burn as much during laser cutting)

••■ Draw a repeating curve design Arrange curve design on circles template in Adobe Illustrator

Laser cut experiment out of cardboard

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ft144,:-.44,4"440,0 Ot -rig! File into exact circles

Curve Design

Drill holes in circles with drill press and cut out roughly with a jewellery saw

Laser engrave on Black Alumamark

Part 1: Draw a range of shapes in Adobe Illustrator. Use the pathfinder tool to form into one shape

Laser cut experiment out of cardboard Arrange the birds on the circle template

Part 3: Peel the paper circles off the aluminium. Use PVA glue to stick the cedar circles on the aluminium. File off any excess aluminium.

Laser cut final out of red cedar veneer

File into exact circles

Drill holes in the aluminium circles with a drill press. Cut the circles out roughly with a jewellery saw

Part 2: Using Kwik Grip Spray, temporarily stick a printed set of circles on a sheet of aluminium

Create a hook design on Sculptris and export as .obj

Import into Meshlab and export as .stl

Import into TinkerCAD and cut a 2nnm hole. Export as an .stl file

Using

sandpaper,

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sand off any bumps

File off the sprue

Using a Dremel, polish the hook.

Alter design

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slightly (widen

Receive

Send final design to Palloys to

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cast in white phosphor

create final design

bronze

3D printed test

Draw a spiral design in Adobe Illustrator

Arrange spirals on circles template

Laser cut experiment out of cardboard

File into exact circles Laser cut out of Silver Alumamark

Drill holes in circles with drill press and cut out roughly with a jewellery saw