5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education by International Association of Scholarly Publishers, Editors, Reviewers, Inc.

Community

vision mission

1. To advance the professional expertise of the scholarly publishers, editors and reviewers;

2. To provide expert services in scholarly journals;

3. To promote publication ethics in scholarly journals;

4. To support various causes in the promotion, development and advancement of scientific publication.

MESSAGE

Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished researchers, educators, and guests,

It is an honour to welcome you to the 5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education on December 4-6, 2024. We gather to explore the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in reshaping education and research. The theme, Re-imagining Education and Research with AI: Interdisciplinary Pathways to the Future, reflects the urgent need to adapt and innovate in an era marked by unprecedented technological advances.

All of us have noted that AI has permeated every facet of human life, revolutionizing industries, enhancing decision-making, and expanding access to knowledge. In education, In addition, AI offers unique opportunities to personalize learning experiences, ensuring that students of diverse abilities and backgrounds receive equitable access to quality education. For instance, AI-powered tools can analyse the learning patterns, providing real-time feedback and adaptive learning content to improve student outcomes (Holmes et al., 2019).

The integration of AI in research presents equally exciting prospects. By automating data analysis and enabling predictive modelling, AI accelerates the pace of scientific discovery. Furthermore, AI-powered interdisciplinary research opens doors to solving complex global challenges, such as climate change, public health crises, and socioeconomic inequalities (Baker & Smith, 2019). The synergy between AI and human creativity is pivotal in tackling these multifaceted issues.

However, this transformative era also brings challenges. Ethical considerations in AI deployment—ranging from data privacy to algorithmic bias—demand critical scrutiny. As educators and researchers, we must embed ethical frameworks into the development and application of AI to ensure that its benefits are equitably distributed. Additionally, fostering digital literacy among students and professionals is essential to bridge the gap between technological capabilities and societal needs (Luckin et al., 2018).

This conference provides a platform to share insights, exchange ideas, and foster collaborations among diverse disciplines by adopting interdisciplinary approaches. Yet, the concept of re-imagining education with AI also emphasizes the importance of nurturing creativity, critical thinking, and resilience in students.

In an AI-driven world, these human-centric skills are indispensable, ensuring that individuals remain agile and adaptable. Researchers, on the other hand, are tasked with innovating methodologies and questioning conventional paradigms, propelling knowledge creation to new frontiers.

Today, as we embark on this intellectual journey, let us reaffirm our commitment to shaping a future where AI serves humanity with integrity and inclusivity. By building robust networks of collaboration, we can harness the full potential of AI to drive societal progress and global development.

I extend my gratitude to the Boards of Directors, Dr. Genaro V. Japos, and the organizers involved in this event, the speakers, and participants for your dedication to advancing this important dialogue. May this conference inspire us all to contribute meaningfully to the evolution of education and research in the age of AI.

Thank you, and I wish you a fruitful and engaging conference experience.

DR. DJUWARI

President, International Association of Scholarly Publishers, Editors and Reviewers, Inc. Assoc. Prof. at Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (UNUSA), Indonesia

MESSAGE

Greetings:

On behalf of Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc., it is a great honor to extend a warm welcome to all participants of the 5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education. I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the International Association for Scholarly Publishers, Editors, and Reviewers Inc. (IASPER) for their dedication and collaboration in making this conference possible, as well as to our distinguished guests, presenters, and attendees from around the world who contribute to the success of this meaningful gathering.

In an era that increasingly prioritizes interconnectivity and innovation, interdisciplinary research stands as a powerful catalyst for addressing complex challenges and advancing knowledge across various fields. This conference not only promotes collaboration but also inspires us to break down academic silos and explore new horizons in higher education, research, and industry. Through our united efforts, we lay the foundation for future advancements that will uplift both our local and global communities.

At Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, we are passionately committed to fostering a culture of academic excellence and transformative research. We believe that through interdisciplinary approaches, we can empower our students and faculty to emerge as influential leaders and agents of change. This event is a testament to our shared vision of inspiring transformative learning experiences and cultivating knowledge that transcends borders.

As we gather in this virtual platform, let us take this opportunity to learn from one another, inspire innovative thinking, and create lasting partnerships. May this conference serve as a beacon of collaboration, intellectual curiosity, and dedication to the pursuit of knowledge.

Congratulations to all, and I wish everyone a fruitful and enlightening conference.

With warm regards,

DR. GABRIEL G. URIARTE President Colegio

San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

MESSAGE

With great honor and privilege, I extend my heartfelt congratulations and commendations to all the participants of the 5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education. This significant event, hosted by the International Association of Scholarly Publishers, Editors, and Researchers (IASPER) in collaboration with Lipa City Colleges, celebrates the spirit of collaboration and the boundless pursuit of knowledge.

Research serves as the cornerstone of innovation and transformation in educational institutions. Through research, we uncover solutions to pressing challenges, inform policy and practice, and foster a culture of critical inquiry and continuous improvement. Events like this conference provide a vital platform for scholars across disciplines to exchange ideas, collaborate on groundbreaking initiatives, and inspire transformative action in higher education and beyond.

We extend our sincerest gratitude to IASPER for their steadfast partnership in advancing research excellence and fostering opportunities for our educators and scholars to shine internationally. Your commitment to the academic community continues to drive meaningful change and inspire progress.

To the research presenters, my heartfelt congratulations on this remarkable achievement. Your dedication, hard work, and intellectual rigor are evident in your exceptional contributions to this conference. May your presentations spark meaningful discussions, encourage interdisciplinary connections, and illuminate pathways toward a brighter and more sustainable future for education.

Together, let us continue to harness the power of research to uplift institutions, empower individuals, and enrich societies. May this conference be a resounding success, leaving an indelible mark on all participants.

Thank you, and I wish everyone a fruitful and inspiring experience!

Email: jjabiera@lipacitycolleges.edu.ph

MESSAGE

Itake pride in welcoming you, dear researchers, academicians, educators and other participants, to the 5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education. Your participation in this research endeavor speaks well of the research bond that ties us all, a strong bond that unites us as we continuously explore research dimensions that would contribute to the improvement of our ways of lives.

As a co-host of this international conference, I am happy to share with you that through this avenue, you shall be provided knowledge and ideas on interdisciplinary collaboration and research within the context of higher education.

With the presence of experts from various fields such as science, engineering, humanities, social sciences and the arts, this gathering is a great opportunity to discuss issues that span multiple domains. For in reality, interdisciplinary research encourages crossing the boundaries by the integration of knowledge, methods and perspectives from multiple academic disciplines.

Hence, it is because of this interdisciplinary research that we can collectively address modern challenges besetting us all. Issues such as climate change, public health, mental health, and cybersecurity which require insights from diverse fields may now be discussed by different specialists to arrive at a consensus. By working together, researchers can develop more comprehensive solutions and approaches to current issues.

Suffice to say, interdisciplinary research integrates varied perspectives and diverse expertise from different fields leading to the generation of new ideas and approaches similar to, for example, biotechnology which is the product of the intersection of computer science and biology.

I am, therefore, elated that the University of Cagayan Valley is a part of this international conference on interdisciplinary research as a co-host because, for one, this serves as a platform for you, our dear participants, who come from different fields of studies to present new researches, discuss emerging trends and explore innovative solutions to challenges especially in the higher education landscape.

Let us altogether promote and support interdisciplinary research to help drive forward-thinking studies, enhance the quality of education and better prepare our students for real-world challenges.

ESTHER SUSAN N. PEREZ - MARI, MSC - FM, MD, PH.D. President, University of Cagayan Valley Adviser for Health and Education, Senate of the Philippines

National President, Private Schools Athletic Association

Founding President, National Research Council of the Philippines RO2

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

In partnership with:

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

Theme: “Reimagining Education and Research with AI: Interdisciplinary Pathways to Future-Proof Learning.”

DAY 1

December 4, 2024

8:00 – 9:00a.m. Online Registration Admittance of Participants

OPENING CEREMONIES

9:01 – 9:15a.m. Invocation

National Anthems

Institutional Hymns

9:16 – 9:25a.m. Welcoming Remarks and Declaration of the Opening of the Conference

DR. DJUWARI

International President, International Association of Scholarly Publishers, Editors and Reviewers, Inc.

Associate Professor, Universitas NU Surabaya

Indonesia

9:26 - 9:35am. Opening Message

DR. ESTHER SUSAN N. PEREZ-MARI

President University of Cagayan Valley

Philippines

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

9:36 - 9:45am. Opening Message

DR. DINA CATALINA C. DAYON

Vice President for Academic Affairs

Lipa City Colleges

Philippines

9:46 – 10:00a.m. Declaration: Synthesis of Abstracts

BILLY JOEL B. RAMOS, MAIOPsy, PhD ClinPsy

Head of General Education Unit

Bukidnon State University – Talisayan Campus

Talisayan, Misamis Oriental

Philippines

10:01 – 10:20a.m. Awarding Ceremonies

Article Citation Award

Best Abstract Award

Best Paper Award

10:21 – 10:35a.m. Health Break

10:36 – 10:40a.m.

10:41 – 11:10a.m.

Introduction of Keynote Speaker I

PROF. RODEL E. CAHILIG

Research Director

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Keynote Speaker I

DR. GENARO V. JAPOS

President, Philippine Association of Institution for Research

Professorial Chair, Polytechnic University of the Philippines

“Artificial Intelligence: Tools and Pathway to Research.”

11:11 - 11:25am Interactive Session (Open Forum)

11:26 – 11:30am Introduction of Keynote Speaker II

PROF. APRIL D. ACIELO

Research Director

Lipa City Colleges

11:30 – 12:00n.n

Keynote Speaker II

PROFESSOR CECILIA K. Y. CHAN

Director of TALIC

Professor

Academic Unit of Social Contexts and Policies of Education

Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong

“A Comprehensive AI Policy Education Framework for University Teaching and Learning.”

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

12:01 – 12:15pm Interactive Session (Open Forum)

12:16 – 1:30p.m. LUNCHBREAK

1:31 – 5:30p.m. Research Paper Presentations

DAY 2

December 5, 2024

8:00 – 9:00a.m. Online Registration Admittance of Participants

PAPER PRESENTATION

9:01 – 12:00n.n. Research Paper Presentations

12:01 – 1:00p.m. LUNCHBREAK

1:01 – 3:25p.m. Research Paper Presentations

3:26 – 3:40p.m. Coffee Break

PLENARY SESSION

3:41 – 3:45p.m. Introduction of Keynote Speaker III

PROF. MENDALENE T. MILLANA

Principal, JEP Department

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.,

3:46 – 4:15p.m. Keynote Speaker III

DR. ANASTASIOS ZOPIATIS

Professor/ Dean

Cyprus University of Technology Cyprus

“AI Tools in the ‘Publish or Perish’ Era: A Conceptual Investigation”

4:16 – 4:25p.m. Interactive Session (Open Forum)

4:26 – 4:30p.m. Introduction of the Keynote Speaker IV

4:31 – 5:00p.m. Keynote Speaker IV

PROF. DR. LEVENT UZUN

Bursa Uludag University

Faculty of Education

English Language Teaching Department Bursa/ Turkey

“ChatGPT and Academic Integrity Concerns: Detecting Artificial Intelligence Generated Content”

5:01 – 5:15p.m. Interactive Session (Open Forum)

CONFERENCE PROGRAMME

DAY 3

December 6, 2024

8:00 – 9:00a.m. Online Registration Admittance of Participants

CLOSING CEREMONIES

9:01 – 9:15a.m. Invocation National Anthems Institutional Hymns

9:16 – 9:30a.m. Message

DR. GABRIEL G. URIARTE

President Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc. Philippines

9:31 – 10:05a.m. Awarding Ceremonies Certificate of Recognition Partner Institution Session Judges Session Managers Best in Oral Presentation

10:06 – 10:20a.m. Health Break

10:21 – 10:30a.m. Introduction of Keynote Speaker V

10:31 – 11:00a.m. Keynote Speaker V

PROF. DR. DRAGAN GASEVIC

Professor, Department of Human Centred Computing Director, Centre for Learning Analytics (CoLAM) Monash University Australia

“Vision, Challenges, Roles, and Research Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education”

11:01 – 11:15a.m. Interactive Session (Open Forum)

11:16 – 11:30a.m. Closing Remarks

11:31 – 11:40a.m. Photo Opportunity

Master of Ceremonies

EXEC. DIR. GAYLE T. SALALIMA-ABADINAS Executive Director, IASPER Inc.

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

DAY 1 - BREAKOUT ROOM 1 (December 4, 2024)

Time Title of Paper

1:40 - 2:00pm

2:01 – 2:20pm

2:21 – 2:40pm

2:41 – 3:00pm

SET A - Education

Denying to Embracing: A Mother’s Path to Acceptance, Love, and Resilience in Raising a Child with Down Syndrome

School Teachers Training Needs Assessment: Basis for Community Extension in a Rural High School in the Philippines

Implementation of the Value of Religious Moderation in Early Childhood through Islamic Religious Education

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Teachers’ Perspectives on Student Performance and Engagement in Abra’s Post-Pandemic Education Landscape

3:01 – 3:20pm Open Forum (SET A)

3:21 – 3:40pm

3:41 – 4:00pm

SET B - Education

Screen Related Addictive Behavior: Impact on Online Learning and Academic Performances Among Students

Pre-Service Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Basis for Conducting Training Design for the Teacher Education Program

Presenter/Institution

ALYANNA V. ZABALA University of Negros OccidentalRecoletos

CHARISSE D. GALUSAN Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus

MUHAMMAD SYAIKHON Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

EMALYN CORTEZ – BISARES Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

KRISTINE T. ROSALES Lyceum of the Philippines University -Batangas

JOANA B. CABAUATAN University of Cagayan Valley

4:01 – 4:20pm Psychological School Leadership Support in the New Normal BRYAN G. DEL ROSARIO Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

4:21 – 4:40pm

4:41 – 5:00pm

Assessing the Effectiveness of Hybrid Modality in Selected Secondary Public Schools in Trece Martires City

Strategies for Intermediate Pupils to Cope with Boredom During their Independent Learning at Home

5:01 – 5:20pm Open Forum (SET B)

ERICA F. CALALANG Lipa City Colleges

JESSA MARIE Q. ORTEGA Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

DAY 1 - BREAKOUT ROOM 2 (December 4, 2024)

Time Title of Paper

1:40 - 2:00pm

2:01 – 2:20pm

2:21 – 2:40pm

2:41 – 3:00pm

3:01 – 3:20pm

SET A - Business

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices at the University of Cagayan Valley: Towards a Comprehensive Framework

Challenges among Women Micro Entrepreneurs in Borongan City: Basis for an Extension Program

Servant Leadership Practices of Top Executives through the Lens of its Stakeholders in a Private College: Basis for an Intervention Program

Ethical Leadership and Administrative Competence of School Administrators: A Springboard for Values-Based Leadership Enhancement Program

Budgeting Strategies of Financial Management Students: A Basis for Investment Decision

3:21 – 3:40pm Open Forum (SET A)

3:41 – 4:00pm

3:01 – 4:20pm

4:21 – 4:40pm

4:41 – 5:00pm

5:01 – 5:20pm

SET B - Business

Correlational Study on the Effects of Work Environment on the Employees’ Performance of Selected DOST Agencies

Social Media on Financial Management Practices among Students in Higher Education in Northern Philippines

Assessing the Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Hotels of Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, Philippines

Perceived Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Perception and Buying Behavior on Inland Resort Products and Services: An Explanatory Sequential Study

Business Knowledge, Skills, and Challenges of Micro-business Owners in Borongan City, Eastern Samar

Presenter/Institution

GLEN C. CAGURANGAN University of Cagayan Valley

JANICE V. LOMBRIO Eastern Samar State University

MARISSA D.C. DURAN Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

KATHRYN ROSE C. ARCHULETA

Jose Rizal Memorial State University - Main Campus

RANDY R. PERALTA University of Cagayan Valley

JENELYN P. ROMBAON-FORTU Polytechnic University of the Philippines - Open University System

JENNIFER F. SUYU University of Cagayan Valley

JULIEKENN G. ANINO Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus

CHRISTINE MAE G. MONTENEGRO

University of Negros OccidentalRecoletos

DYMPHNA ANN C. CALUMPIANO

Eastern Samar State University

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

5:21 - 5:40pm Open Forum (SET B)

DAY 1 - BREAKOUT ROOM 3 (December 4, 2024)

Time Title of Paper

1:40 - 2:00pm

2:01 – 2:20pm

2:21 – 2:40pm

2:41 – 3:00pm

SET A - Education

From Textbook to Text-Gen: How SPUD Professionals View Generative AI

The International Travel and Tourism Management Curricula of ASEAN Member States: A Comparative Study

Effectiveness of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Integration in University of Cagayan Valley: Teaching and Learning with Technology

The Educational Curricula of Thailand and the Philippines: A Comprehensive Comparative Study

3:01 – 3:20pm Open Forum (SET A)

SET B - Social Sciences

Presenter/Institution

MARIA KATHLEEN JUNE

MARINO

St. Paul University Dumaguete

SEVILLIA S. FELICEN Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas

APRILIZA M. CARAG University of Cagayan Valley

DARYLL D. GUPIT Lipa City Colleges

3:21 – 3:40pm

3:41 – 4:00pm

4:01 – 4:20pm

4:21 – 4:40pm

The Impact of Social Media on Shaping Body Image Perceptions and Related Factors Among Adolescents

Examining the Influence of Self-Compassion Components on Suicidal Ideation among Filipino LGBT Young Adults: A Linear Regression Analysis

Community Needs and Program Satisfaction: A Study of Rural Capacities on Program Support in the Province of Abra

Triggering Factors of Persons Deprived of Liberty in Committing Disciplinary Misconduct: A Case of a District Jail in Northern Luzon

4:41 – 5:00pm Open Forum (SET B)

DR. GABRIEL G. URIARTE Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

BILLY JOEL B. RAMOS Bukidnon State University –Talisayan Campus

RHEA A. QUILEZA

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

MARK KENNEDY D. DIWAYAN University of Cagayan Valley

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

DAY 2 - BREAKOUT ROOM 1 (December 5, 2024)

Time Title of Paper

9:00 - 9:20am

9:21 - 9:40am

9:41 - 10:00am

10:01 - 10:20am

SET C - Education

Factors Affecting the Research Performance of Grade 12 Students of UVC: A Basis for Research Capability Program

Mathematical Skills and General Mathematics Performance of Grade 11 Students in a Public National High School in Southern Negros Occidental, Philippines

Level of Awareness of Personnel and Students of Lipa City Colleges towards Enhanced Social Orientation and Community Extension Program: An Analysis

Kaantasan ng Kasanayan ng mga Guro sa Filipino sa Pagpili ng Pang-akademikong Ebalwasyon

10:21 – 10:40am Open Forum (SET C)

10:41 – 11:00am

11:01 – 11:20pm

11:21 – 11:40am

SET D - Education

Measurement of Grit and Correlation to Academic Performance

Student Outcomes for Bachelor of Science in International Hospitality Management specialized in Cruiseline Operations in Hotel Services for the Years 2018-2022

School Heads’ Psychological Situational Leadership Styles in the New Normal: Basis for an Action Plan

11:41 – 12:00nn Open Forum (SET D)

SET E - Health & Sciences

Presenter/Institution

LESTER M. TEÑOSO University of Cagayan Valley

CLEAH AMOR S. PARCON

University of Negros Occidental –Recoletos

JOWELYN Z. CABRERA Lipa City Colleges

FEMAR B. MATRATAR

Jose Rizal Memorial State University

OLIVIA B. PASICOLAN University of Cagayan Valley

MARIVIC V. RICAFORT Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas

MENDALENE T. MILLANA Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

1:10 - 1:30pm

1:31 – 1:50pm

1:51 – 2:10pm

Health-Related Quality of Life and HealthSeeking Behavior of the Residents of Cagayan Province: Its Relation to Health Literacy on the Priority Areas of the Department of Health

Health and Wellness Program for Office Employees of Selected Companies: Basis for Intervention Scheme

Impact on the Performance in the Dentist Board Examination of COVID-19 Pandemic

ESTHER SUSAN N. PEREZ-MARI University of Cagayan Valley

JOHN DARREL J. MEDINA Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology

JENNIFER D. MADERAZO Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

2:11 – 2:30pm

2:31 - 2:50pm

Citizens’ Satisfaction on the Delivery of Devolved Health Services Towards Sustainable Development: The Case of Lallo, Cagayan in Northern Philippines

Examining the Learning loss among Dentistry Courses in one Private University in the Philippines: Towards in Learning Recovery Program

2:51 – 3:10pm Open Forum (SET E)

DAY 2 - BREAKOUT ROOM 2 (December 5, 2024)

Time Title of Paper

9:00 - 9:20am

SET C - Agriculture & Sciences

Quality response of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L) with drip irrigation system in terms of its growth and yield development

9:21 - 9:40am In Vivo Anti-diarrheal Property of Muntingia calabura Linn. Crude Ethanol Extract in Mice

9:41 - 10:00am

10:01 - 10:20am

A Creative Work on a Systematic Review of on Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants

Soil Health Assessment on Inbred Rice Production in the Municipality of Lagangilang, Abra

10:21 – 10:40am Open Forum (SET C)

10:41 – 11:00am

11:01 – 11:20pm

11:21 – 11:40am

SET D - Business

Post-Covid Strategies of Micro Enterprises: A Basis for Strategic Enhancement

Marketing Practices Among Sari-sari Store Owners in Borongan City, Eastern Samar: Basis for Proposed Extension Program

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Sustainability Performance of SMEs in Cuenca, Batangas

11:41 – 12:00nn Open Forum (SET D)

1:10 - 1:30pm

SET E - Business

Understanding the Financial Literacy of SariSari Store Owners of Borongan City: Basis for Extension Program

LILIA M. TAMAYAO University of Cagayan Valley

KIARA MORELLE E. MAGLAYA National University

Presenter/Institution

AURORA F. CALVERO

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

JOHN RAYMUND D. TORRES

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University

MELINDA C. TAGLE University of Immaculate Conception

FAIDJIE-ANN N. PACARDO Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

LEANIZEL E. LARA University of Cagayan Valley

MELICIL L. PALADA

Eastern Samar State University

CHRISTTINE ROSALES Lipa City Colleges

FILIPINA C. CARATAY

Eastern Samar State University

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

1:31 – 1:50pm

1:51 – 2:10pm

2:11 – 2:30pm

2:31 - 2:50pm

Accounting-Budget Utilization System for Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center

Donor Relation and Income Diversification Strategies of a Diocese in Negros Island

Business-Enabling Environment as Perceived by the Kababayin-an ha Borongan City Association

Effects of Social Networking Sites to the Work Habits of the Employees in North Eastern Mindanao State University

2:51 – 3:10pm Open Forum (SET E)

DAY 2 - BREAKOUT ROOM 3 (December 5, 2024)

Time Title of Paper

9:00 - 9:20am

9:21 - 9:40am

9:41 - 10:00am

10:01 - 10:20am

10:21 – 10:40am

SET C - Agriculture & Education

Employability Study for International Hospitality Management Graduates of 2020-2022 in One Autonomous University in the Philippines

Social Media Integration Enhancement for Purposive Communication Instruction

A Tracer Study of the Graduate School Program of Non-Sectarian Private University in the Region

The Impact of PACUCOA Accreditation to the Online Teaching Performance of the College Faculty Members: A Panacea for Quality Assurance

Unraveling Anthropogenic Footprints of the Ilocanos: Drivers of Abra River Degradation

10:41 – 11:00am Open Forum (SET C)

11:01 – 11:20pm

SET D - Education

Samut-saring Iisa: A Phenomenological Study of LGBTQIA+ CTE Science Major Students Towards Gender-Sensitivity Approach in Teaching

RODANTE G. AUSTRIA Adamson University

CHRISTOPHER M. VILLARONTE University of Negros OccidentalRecoletos

HANZELLE V. OBON Eastern Samar State University

LOUREVILLE GILDA M. URQUIA North Eastern Mindanao State University

Presenter/Institution

JENNIE MARGARET M. APRITADO Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas

JENYLEN T. CABISO Cordova Public College

PURA B. ANDENG University of Cagayan Valley

CHARLES BRYAN P. URIARTE Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

CRITINA J. BUENAFE Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

JON PATRICK R. ESPIRITU President Ramon Magsaysay State University – Main Campus

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education

Paper Presentation Schedule | December 4-6, 2024

11:21 – 11:40am

Demographics and Psychological Well-being of Private Sector Employees in Western Visayas, Philippines

11:41 – 12:00nn Open Forum (SET D) SET E - Education & Social Science

1:10 - 1:30pm

1:31 – 1:50pm

Gender-Based Analysis of Speaking Style in Junior High School Students’

Learning Styles of the High Academic Achievers in the Teacher Education Program: An Assessment

1:51 – 2:10pm Best Practices and Factors Affecting the Release of Educational Subsidies in Selected Private Higher Education Institutions in Lipa City, Batangas

2:11 – 2:30pm Disaster Town Watching Integrating Drone Technology: Towards Stronger Community Resilience

2:31 - 2:50pm Open Forum (SET E)

MARY EDILLIS O. MOLEÑO University of Negros OccidentalRecoletos

SAVIRA ZANIAR Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

ALBERT R. PALATAN University of Cagayan Valley

DANNA B. MEDRANO Lipa City Colleges

ORLANDO C. TURINGAN JR. University of Cagayan Valley

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

MUHAMMAD SYAIKHON

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya Citations: 121 | h-index: 5

DR. SEVILLIA S. FELICEN

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas Citations: 401 | h-index: 8

DR. MARIVIC V. RICAFORT

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas Citations: 10 | h-index: 2

DR. JENNIFER D. MADERAZO

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas Citations: 68 | h-index: 3

5th

International

Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE

2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

ARTICLE CITATION AWARD

JOHN RAYMUND D. TORRES

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Citations: 15 | h-index: 2

SAVIRA ZANIAR

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya Citations: 1 | h-index: 1

DR. ESTHER SUSAN N. PEREZ-MARI

University of Cagayan Valley Citations: 522 | h-index: 7

DR. GLEN C. CAGURANGAN

University of Cagayan Valley Citations: 3 | h-index: 1

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

Quantitative Research (Descriptive Design)

CLEAH AMOR S. PARCON

University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos

Title of Paper: “Mathematical Skills and General Mathematics Performance of Grade 11 Students in a Public National High School in Southern Negros Occidental, Philippines.”

Quantitative Research (Experimental Design)

JOHN RAYMUND D. TORRES

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University

Title of Paper: “In Vivo Anti-diarrheal Property of Muntingia calabura Linn. Crude Ethanol Extract in Mice.”

Criteria:

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

BEST PAPER AWARDEES

Qualitative Research (Systematic Review)

DR. MELINDA C. TAGLE

University of Immaculate Conception

Title of Paper: “A Creative Work on a Systematic Review of Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants.”

Mixed Methods Research (Embedded Design)

DR. MARIA KATHLEEN JUNE MARIÑO

St. Paul University Dumaguete

Title of Paper: “From Textbook to Text-Gen: How SPUD Professionals View Generative AI.”

Criteria: Contribution to new knowledge 25% Scientific Writing 30% Quality of References 20% Grammar and Originality 15% Adherence to Conference Theme 10%

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

Quantitative Research

JOANA B. CABAUATAN

University of Cagayan Valley

Title of Paper: “Pre-Service Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Basis for Conducting Training Design for the Teacher Education Program.”

Qualitative Research

MUHAMMAD SYAIKHON

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Title of Paper: “Implementation of the Value of Religious Moderation in Early Childhood through Islamic Religious Education.”

Mixed Methods Research (Explanatory Sequential Mixed Methods Research)

CHRISTINE MAE G. MONTENEGRO

University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos

Title of Paper: “Perceived Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Perception and Buying Behavior on Inland Resort Products and Services: An Explanatory Sequential Study.”

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

BEST IN ORAL PRESENTATION

CHARISSE D. GALUSAN

Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus

Title of Paper: “School Teachers Training Needs Assessment: Basis for Community Extension in a Rural High School in the Philippines.”

ERICA F. CALALANG

Lipa City Colleges

Title of Paper: “Assessing the Effectiveness of Hybrid Modality in Selected Secondary Public Schools in Trece Martires City.”

DR. RANDY R. PERALTA

University of Cagayan Valley

Title of Paper: “Budgeting Strategies of Financial Management Students: A Basis for Investment Decision.”

JULIEKENN G. ANINO

Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus

Title of Paper: “Assessing the Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Hotels of Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, Philippines.”

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

DR. MARIA KATHLEEN JUNE MARIÑO

St. Paul University Dumaguete

Title of Paper: “From Textbook to Text-Gen: How SPUD Professionals View Generative AI”

BILLY JOEL B. RAMOS

Bukidnon State University – Talisayan Campus

Title of Paper: Examining the Influence of Self-Compassion Components on Suicidal Ideation among Filipino LGBT Young Adults: A Linear Regression Analysis

CLEAH AMOR S. PARCON

University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos

Title of Paper: “Mathematical Skills and General Mathematics Performance of Grade 11 Students in a Public National High School in Southern Negros Occidental, Philippines.”

DR. OLIVIA B. PASICOLAN

University of Cagayan Valley

Title of Paper: “Measurement of Grit and Correlation to Academic Performance.”

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

BEST IN ORAL PRESENTATION

DR. LILIA M. TAMAYAO

University of Cagayan Valley

Title of Paper: “Citizens’ Satisfaction on the Delivery of Devolved Health Services Towards Sustainable Development: The Case of Lallo, Cagayan in Northern Philippines.”

DR. MELINDA C. TAGLE

University of Immaculate Conception

Title of Paper: “A Creative Work on a Systematic Review of Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants.”

MELICIL L. PALADA

Eastern Samar State University

Title of Paper: “Marketing Practices Among Sari-Sari Store Owners in Borongan City, Eastern Samar: Basis for Proposed Extension Program.”

HANZELLE V. OBON

Eastern Samar State University

Title of Paper: “Business-Enabling Environment as Perceived by the Kababayin-an ha Borongan City Association.”

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

BEST IN ORAL PRESENTATION

JENNIE MARGARET M. APRITADO

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas

Title of Paper: “Employability Study for International Hospitality Management Graduates of 2020-2022 in One Autonomous University in the Philippines.”

JON PATRICK R. ESPIRITU

President Ramon Magsaysay State University – Main Campus

Title of Paper: “Samut-saring Iisa: A Phenomenological Study of LGBTQIA+ CTE Science Major Students Towards Gender-Sensitivity Approach in Teaching.”

ORLANDO C. TURINGAN, JR.

University of Cagayan Valley

Title of Paper: “Disaster Town Watching Integrating Drone Technology: Towards Stronger Community Resilience.”

Keynote Speaker

DR. GENARO V. JAPOS

President, Philippine Association of Institution for Research Professorial Chair, Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Dr. Genaro V. Japos is a distinguished leader in the academic and research community, known for his contributions to integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) in academic training across the Philippines. A Professorial Chair Holder at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines in Business and Governance, Dr. Japos has a proven track record of advancing highlevel research at both national and international levels. As the first Filipino scholar with five doctoral degrees in Education, Management, Human Resource Management, Instructional System, and Organization Development, he brings unparalleled expertise to his role as an educator, researcher, and innovator.

As an early advocate for AI in research, Dr. Japos has spearheaded and organized AI-focused workshops and training sessions throughout 2023 and 2024, equipping educators and researchers with essential AI skills for academic and scientific advancement. His initiatives include groundbreaking sessions on AI-Integrated Research Advising and Paneling, AI-Driven Techniques in Research Writing, and Generative AI in Scientific Writing. These programs have successfully reached professionals from Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, reinforcing the Philippines’ position as a proactive player in AI-assisted research.

Dr. Japos’s contributions also include founding and managing peerreviewed journals recognized by the Commission on Higher Education and indexed in Thomson Reuters, Proquest, and EBSCO. Additionally, he has served in key administrative positions such as Dean at Father Saturnino Urios University and Vice President and Director of Research at Liceo de Cagayan University.

Keynote Speaker

PROFESSOR CECILIA K. Y. CHAN

Director of TALIC

Professor

Academic Unit of Social Contexts and Policies of Education

Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong

Professor Cecilia K. Y. Chan is a distinguished educator and scholar at The University of Hong Kong (HKU), where she serves as the Director of the Teaching and Learning Innovation Centre (TALIC) and as a Professor in the Academic Unit of Social Contexts and Policies of Education within the Faculty of Education. Her interdisciplinary expertise bridges engineering and education, enabling her to lead initiatives that enhance teaching and learning across various disciplines.

Professor Chan has been instrumental in integrating technology into education, focusing on areas such as assessment and feedback, experiential learning, and the development of 21st-century skills. Her leadership has been pivotal in curriculum reforms and the implementation of outcome-based education at HKU.

In response to the rise of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI), Professor Chan has spearheaded research on its implications for higher education. She has collaborated with local and international institutions, including the University of Sydney and University College London, to explore AI literacy and its integration into teaching and learning.

Her recent publication, “Generative AI in Higher Education: The ChatGPT Effect,” co-authored with Tom Colloton, examines the transformative impact of AI technologies like ChatGPT on academic practices.

Professor Chan’s contributions have been recognized with numerous awards, including the Higher Education Academy’s Principal Fellowship and HKU’s Outstanding Young Researcher Award. Her work continues to influence educational practices, particularly in the integration of AI to future-proof learning.

Keynote Speaker

ANASTASIOS ZOPIATIS

Professor/ Dean

Cyprus University of Technology

Cyprus

Dr. Anastasios A. Zopiatis is a Professor of Hospitality Management and the Dean of the Faculty of Tourism Management, Hospitality, and Entrepreneurship at the Cyprus University of Technology (CUT). He holds a Bachelor of Science in Hotel, Restaurant, and Travel Administration from Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, USA, a Master of Science in Hotel Administration from the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA, and a Doctorate in Professional Studies from Middlesex University, United Kingdom.

With extensive experience in private tertiary education in Cyprus, Dr. Zopiatis has served as both a hospitality and tourism educator and program coordinator. His professional background includes roles in Las Vegas, Nevada, as a Human Resources Specialist and Beverage Manager, blending academic rigor with industry expertise.

Dr. Zopiatis’ research interests focus on human resources development, tourism destination and operations management, hospitality education, and the intersection of technology and academic productivity. Notably, his recent study, AI Tools in the ‘Publish or Perish’ Era: A Conceptual Investigation, delves into the transformative impact of artificial intelligence on academic research, exploring how AI tools are reshaping scholarly publishing and the broader research landscape.

His scholarly contributions have been published in prestigious international journals, including Tourism Management, Journal of Travel Research, International Journal of Hospitality Management, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Journal of Business Research, and Journal of Business Ethics.

As a thought leader in the fields of tourism and hospitality, Dr. Zopiatis continues to influence education, research, and professional practices, fostering innovation and excellence across academia and industry.

Keynote Speaker

PROF. DR. LEVENT UZUN

Bursa Uludag University

Faculty of Education

English Language Teaching Department

Bursa/ Turkey

Prof. Dr. Levent Uzun is a distinguished academic at Bursa Uludag University, serving as a Professor in the Faculty of Education, English Language Teaching Department. His expertise spans learning and teaching foreign language vocabulary, educational technologies, distance education, digital material development, and the philosophy of education.

As the Editor-in-Chief of the Language Education and Technology Journal, Prof. Dr. Uzun has been at the forefront of scholarly discourse in the intersection of language education and technological innovation. He has contributed extensively to academia, authoring numerous book chapters and articles in renowned international journals, as well as presenting at prestigious conferences worldwide.

Recently, Prof. Dr. Uzun has redirected his scholarly focus towards artificial intelligence in education. His current projects investigate the integration of AI tools, such as ChatGPT, in teaching and learning processes, exploring how educators and students can harness these technologies effectively. His work also examines the shifting roles of educators in the era of AI, contributing to the evolving discourse on the future of education.

Prof. Dr. Uzun’s research continues to shape the fields of language education and educational technology, blending innovation with pedagogical excellence.

Keynote Speaker

DRAGAN GASEVIC

Professor, Department of Human Centred Computing Director, Centre for Learning Analytics (CoLAM)

Monash University

Australia

Dr. Dragan Gašević is Distinguished Professor of Learning Analytics in the Faculty of Information Technology and the Director of the Centre for Learning Analytics (CoLAM) at Monash University. His research interests center around data analytic, AI, and design methods that can advance understanding of self-regulated and collaborative learning. Previously, he was a Professor and the Sir Tim O’Shea Chair in Learning Analytics and Informatics (Feb 2015–Feb 2018) in the Moray House School of Education and the School of Informatics and Co-Director of Centre for Research in Digital Education at the University of Edinburgh. He was the Canada Research Chair in Semantic and Learning Technologies and Professor in the School of Computing and Information Systems at Athabasca University (Jan 2007–Jan 2015).

Dr. Gašević is a founder and served as the President (2015–2017) of the Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR), the world’s leading research and professional organization in learning analytics. He has held several honorary professorships and industry fellowships in Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. He served as a founding program chair of the International Conference on Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK) in 2011 and 2012, the general chair in 2016, a founding program cochair of the Learning Analytics Summer Institute (LASI) in 2013 and 2014, and a founding editor of the Journal of Learning Analytics (2012–2017) and Computers & Education: Artificial Intelligence (2020–present). In 2019–2023, he was recognized as the national field leader in educational technology in The Australian – the only Australian daily newspaper distributed nationally. He led the EU-funded SHEILA project that received the Best Research Project of the Year Award (2019) from the Association for Learning Technology.

In 2022, he received the Lifetime Member Award, the highest distinction of the Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR) and named a Distinguished Member of the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), the world’s largest computing society.

Synthesis Abstracts of

BILLY JOEL B. RAMOS, MAIOPsy, PhD ClinPsy

Bukidnon State University – Talisayan Campus

Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Philippines

The 5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024) brings together a rich tapestry of research studies that reflect the depth and breadth of scholarly engagement across various fields. This year’s submissions delve into critical issues, spanning education, technology, mental health, environmental sustainability, business innovation, and social equity, underscoring the conference’s commitment to fostering interdisciplinary solutions to global challenges.

The findings across these studies resonate deeply with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) for 2030, particularly in areas such as quality education (SDG 4), good health and well-being (SDG 3), gender equality (SDG 5), decent work and economic growth (SDG 8), and sustainable cities and communities (SDG 11). These goals are addressed through research insights that propose strategies for enhancing educational systems, improving mental health outcomes, promoting gender inclusivity, fostering entrepreneurial resilience, and integrating sustainability in governance and business practices. Together, these studies not only advance academic inquiry but also contribute meaningfully to global efforts aimed at creating a more equitable, sustainable, and prosperous future.

The rich diversity of these abstracts reveals not only the remarkable ingenuity of our researchers but also their commitment to addressing complex issues through rigorous inquiry. This synthesis weave together the themes, insights, and implications derived from these studies, providing a comprehensive overview of the contributions made to knowledge, practice, and policy.

Education and Learning Innovations

Education emerged as a critical focal point, with studies exploring diverse dimensions of teaching, learning, and student engagement. Research on hybrid learning in Trece Martires City highlighted its role in enhancing knowledge acquisition while exposing challenges in the areas of skill and attitude development. The integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) at the University of Cagayan Valley revealed the promise of digital tools in revolutionizing pedagogy, though it emphasized the need for robust implementation strategies to maximize its impact.

Learning loss during the COVID-19 pandemic was another significant area of concern. A study examining dentistry courses revealed gaps in practical training and knowledge retention, underscoring the need for recovery programs. Additionally, the study on student attitudes and performance in chemistry showcased the importance of addressing both cognitive and affective domains to improve educational outcomes. Furthermore, innovative approaches, such as using social media for teaching communication skills, reflected how technology can enhance educational strategies and foster student engagement.

Faculty performance and evaluation also featured prominently. A novel study on alternative evaluation frameworks for teachers highlighted the importance of capturing diverse aspects of pedagogical engagement, classroom dynamics, and instructional relevance. Similarly, research on high academic achievers in teacher education programs provided insights into learning preferences, contributing to discussions on personalized and inclusive education.

Mental Health and Social Well-being

The intersection of mental health and social contexts was explored extensively. A compelling study on self-compassion’s influence on suicidal ideation among Filipino LGBT youth revealed surprising findings, such as the inverse relationship between isolation and suicidal ideation. These results challenge traditional perspectives and highlight the importance of cultural and contextual factors in understanding mental health dynamics.

Another study delved into the emotional journeys of mothers raising children with Down Syndrome. These narratives revealed a gradual transition from denial to acceptance, illustrating the resilience and adaptive capacities of caregivers. The role of faith and social support emerged as crucial, offering valuable lessons for mental health interventions.

In educational settings, the psychological support provided by school leaders during the “new normal” was examined. Findings emphasized the dual importance of socio-emotional and technical support in fostering resilience among teachers and students. These studies collectively underscore the interconnectedness of mental health, social support systems, and institutional roles in promoting well-being.

Business and Entrepreneurship

Studies on entrepreneurship and microenterprises illuminated the challenges and opportunities faced by local business communities. Research on women micro-entrepreneurs in Borongan City identified barriers such as limited access to capital, high operating costs, and inadequate market opportunities. Similarly, studies on sari-sari store owners and street vendors highlighted the critical role of financial literacy and resource management in fostering business resilience and sustainability.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) was another vital theme. Research on CSR practices among SMEs in Cuenca, Batangas, and at the University of Cagayan Valley demonstrated how aligned social and environmental initiatives can drive sustainable development. These findings emphasized the need for structured frameworks to integrate CSR into organizational strategies effectively.

Additionally, the study on the marketing practices of sari-sari store owners revealed a pressing need for stronger promotional strategies and product diversification. These insights are particularly relevant for enhancing the competitiveness and viability of small businesses in local economies.

Environmental Sustainability and Disaster Resilience

Environmental sustainability and disaster resilience were central themes, reflecting the urgency of addressing climate and ecological challenges. A study on drip irrigation systems for bell peppers demonstrated how cost-effective water management strategies can mitigate the impacts of drought and resource scarcity. Similarly, research on soil health in Abra highlighted the benefits of crop rotation and diversification in preserving soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Disaster preparedness was explored through innovative methodologies, such as the integration of drones in community town-watching. This approach not only enhanced hazard awareness but also fostered collaborative problem-solving among stakeholders. The investigation into the degradation of the Abra River further underscored the environmental consequences of anthropogenic activities, calling for urgent conservation efforts and sustainable practices.

Health and Community Development

Health-related studies covered diverse aspects, from devolved health services in Lallo, Cagayan, which demonstrated the role of governance in enhancing health outcomes, to health-seeking behavior and quality of life in Cagayan Province, which emphasized the influence of health literacy. Further, anti-diarrheal properties of Muntingia calabura and the impact of workplace wellness programs showcased innovative approaches to improving individual and organizational health outcomes. These findings underline the interconnectedness of individual health, community support, and systemic policies.

Social Media and Technology

The impact of social media was explored through various lenses, including its role in shaping body image perceptions, influencing financial management among students, and its integration into communication instruction. These studies underscored the dual nature of social media as both a tool for empowerment and a potential source of challenges, necessitating balanced approaches to harness its benefits.

The potential of generative AI in education, as discussed in From Textbook to TextGen, revealed the promise and pitfalls of technological integration in academic settings, calling for ethical considerations and robust policies.

Governance and Social Equity

Studies on governance, such as citizen satisfaction with devolved health services and resource allocation among street vendors, highlighted the importance of inclusive policies and equitable resource distribution. Similarly, servant leadership practices in a private college provided a framework for fostering trust and collaboration within organizations.

The exploration of gender-sensitive teaching approaches and gender-based communication styles shed light on the importance of inclusivity and representation in shaping equitable educational experiences.

The collective insights derived from these studies emphasize the transformative potential of research in driving innovation, informing policy, and addressing societal needs. They call for sustained collaboration among researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to ensure the effective application of these findings in real-world contexts.

Denying to Embracing: A Mother’s Path to Acceptance, Love, and Resilience in Raising a Child with Down Syndrome

ALYANNA V. ZABALA

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7148-5041

alyannazabala12321@gmail.com

University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos Philippines

Down Syndrome is among the most common neurodevelopmental disorders in the Philippines, and raising a child with this condition presents significant challenges for parents and caregivers. Thus, mothering a child with Down Syndrome brings a wealth of insights and challenges that come from firsthand experience. This study aims to explore and describe the experiences of mothers raising children with Down Syndrome from the component city in Negros Oriental. This research study utilized a descriptive phenomenological research design to comprehend the “why” and the “how” of the five mothers raising children with Down Syndrome and what the condition means to them based on their own experiences. The findings revealed that mothers of children with Down Syndrome undergo a complex emotional journey, transitioning from denying to accepting, and ultimately growing. Despite facing challenges, such as managing misbehavior, caregiving exhaustion and worries over the future, these mothers exhibit remarkable resilience and patience, drawing strength from their deep affection for their child. Faith plays a crucial role in their lives, providing comfort and hope as they see their child with a Divine purpose. Eventually, mothers recognize their roles as the primary caregivers of their child, showers their child unconditional love and care. The experiences of mothers reveal that acceptance is a gradual process, as time eases denial and challenges, allowing them to fully embrace their child. This journey, mothers learn to trust in God’s plan, accept what they cannot control, and move forward with faith.

Keywords: Education, mothers, Down Syndrome, Qualitative, descriptive phenomenological, Philippines

School Teachers Training Needs Assessment: Basis for Community Extension in a Rural High School in the Philippines

CHARISSE D. GALUSAN

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9134-6490

cdgalusan@csucc.edu.ph

Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus

Philippines

This research investigates the training needs in Calamba National High School (CNHS) as the basis for the community extension program in rural school settings. The study utilized the descriptive survey approach with survey questionnaires serving as the primary data collection tool to identify the training requirements. Data triangulation through a focus group discussion (FGD) was also done to verify the survey results. Results revealed the top five priority training needs include research writing, light vehicle driving, entrepreneurship, video editing, and visual graphics design. Based on these demands, the study included recommendations for specific training topics, scope, and methods. Addressing these areas provides a targeted approach for professional development programs that can lead to significant improvements in educational outcomes for students in rural communities.

Keywords: Rural education, extension program, teaching personnel, Calamba National High School Baseline data

Implementation of the Value of Religious Moderation in Early Childhood through Islamic Religious Education

MUHAMMAD SYAIKHON

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-8831

muhammadsay87@unusa.ac.id

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya Surabaya, Indonesia

RA TAAM Adinda is an educational institution that prioritizes religious values in early childhood education, with one of its main focuses being the value of religious moderation. This research aims to analyze the process of implementing religious moderation values in early childhood at RA TAAM Adinda and to identify the supporting and inhibiting factors. This study employs a qualitative approach in the form of a case study, with research subjects including educators, students, and parents. Data were collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. The results of the study show that the implementation of religious moderation values in early childhood through Islamic education at RA TAAM Adinda is carried out through the processes of planning, execution, and evaluation. Planning is conducted by incorporating religious moderation values into the school curriculum, annual, semester, weekly programs, and daily learning programs. The execution of religious moderation values is integrated into learning activities, role modeling, and daily habits. The evaluation process follows the learning evaluation through observation results, student works, performance, conversations, and assignments. Supporting factors for implementing religious moderation values include the presence of these values in the curriculum, the school’s motivation to achieve high-quality graduates, and adequate facilities and infrastructure. Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors include the diverse characteristics of children, the lack of student focus in receiving the material, and environmental influences.

Keywords: Religious Moderation, Early Childhood, Islamic Religious Education

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Teachers’ Perspectives on Student Performance and Engagement in Abra’s Post-Pandemic Education Landscape

EMALYN CORTEZ – BISARES

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-2760

ecortez@asist.edu.ph /cortezemalyn02@gmail.com

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology Bangued Campus, Bangued, Abra, Philippines

This study explores the perspectives of Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) teachers in Abra, Philippines, on student performance and engagement in the post-pandemic education landscape. The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted traditional learning, leading to a shift towards modular and remote learning methods. This research aims to identify the challenges faced by TVL educators in assessing students’ skills, the effectiveness of these learning modes, and how post-pandemic strategies can enhance student engagement and learning outcomes. Using qualitative research methods, including interviews with TVL teachers, the study analyzes firsthand experiences related to assessment practices, student engagement, and teaching strategies in the post-pandemic era. The findings indicate that while student engagement has improved with the return to face-to-face learning, challenges such as reduced engagement, increased absenteeism, and a reliance on gadgets remain prevalent. Teachers have adapted by prioritizing group activities, hands-on learning, and personalized assessment methods. The study concludes that face-to-face instruction significantly enhances student performance and skill development, while personalized assessment methods, like National Certificate (NC) assessments, offer a clear framework for evaluating students’ progress and readiness for the workforce. Recommendations for future practice include creating inclusive learning environments, adopting diverse assessment strategies, and providing professional development for educators to address these postpandemic challenges effectively.

Keywords: Technical-Vocational Education, student performance, engagement, assessment challenges, qualitative research, interviews, Philippines

Screen Related Addictive Behavior: Impact on Online Learning and Academic Performances Among Students

Pre-Service

KRISTINE T. ROSALES MAN, RN

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5362-7301

ktrosales@lpubatangas.edu.ph

Lyceum of the Philippines University -Batangas, Philippines

Screen-related addictive behavior (SRAB) is an increasing concern among students, particularly during online academic platforms. This study investigated how SRAB affects students’ online learning experiences and academic performances focusing on nursing students in Batangas Province. The research aimed to identify the types and frequency of screen use, understand the implications of SRAB on learning, and propose strategies for managing screen time. This study utilized a quantitative descriptive research methodology, employing surveys to gather data from 57 Level 1 nursing students enrolled during online learning. The survey assessed the types of gadgets used, the average time spent online, and the impact of screen use on academic performance. Results indicated that most respondents frequently use tablets and spend significant hours on screens. Furthermore, findings revealed that students often experience negative health effects such as eye fatigue, sleep difficulties, and lack of physical activity, which correlates with lower academic performance. In conclusion, the study highlighted the detrimental effects of SRAB on students’ learning experiences. It underscores the need for effective strategies to manage screen time and enhance academic outcomes. Recommendations included promoting digital literacy, encouraging physical activities, and involving parents in monitoring screen usage. However, due to the study’s limitations including a small sample size and few data on the severity of SRAB or detailed learning habits, further research is warranted. Future studies could employ larger, more diverse samples and utilize longitudinal designs to establish a causal relationship between SRAB and academic performance.

Keywords: Academic, screen related addictive behavior, online learning, Philippines

Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Basis for Conducting Training Design for the Teacher Education Program

JOANA B. CABAUATAN, MST

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-6721-3923

balubaljoana20@gmail.com

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

The development of pre-service teachers’ TPACK is essential to ensure their ability to effectively integrate technology into their future classrooms. However, despite the recognition of TPACK as a vital component of teacher education, a significant gap remains in understanding how to effectively facilitate the acquisition and application of TPACK among pre-service teachers. This study assessed the Pre-service teachers’ technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) in teaching. The study utilized the descriptive-correlational design. Respondents of the study were the 101 pre-service teachers of the University of Cagayan Valley who are assigned to different schools, namely Carig Integrated School, Cagayan National High School, Gosi National High School, Linao National High School, Tuguegarao Science High School, and University of Cagayan ValleySenior High. The results suggest that age, sex, occupation, and monthly income are determinants of TPACK development. Additionally, the choice of major and parental educational attainment emerged as potentially influential factors. These findings emphasize the need for teacher education programs to design targeted training and support to enhance pre-service teachers’ TPACK, focusing on the integration of technology into pedagogical practices. Further research is recommended to explore additional factors and variables that may contribute to the development of TPACK among pre-service teachers, ultimately enabling the design of more effective teacher education programs.

Keywords: Pre-service teachers, teacher education program, technological pedagogical content knowledge, secondary schools

Psychological School Leadership Support in the New Normal

BRYAN G. DEL ROSARIO

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6927-9092

dr.ryeann09@gmail.com

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Bulacan, Philippines

With the advent of the new normal, school leaders navigate on how to support their constituents not only on the material aspects, but in psychological as well. This study aimed to determine the school leadership support of school leaders as assessed by senior high school teachers in Colegio De San Gabriel Arcangel (CDSGA). Likewise, the results of the study shall serve as inputs for the enhancement of policies in Colegio De San Gabriel Arcangel. This study used a quantitative descriptive correlational research design. The results showed that the extent of school leadership support provided by administrators as assessed by the school leaderparticipants and teacher-participants are all very high in Socio-Emotional Support and Technical Support. The school administrators’ profile variable significantly affected the administrators’ school leadership support on technical support, but not in socio-emotional support. The teacher-participants’ profile variable on sex and length of service are significant factors of the administrators’ school leadership support on technical support, but not on age, marital status, and school campus. Sex is a significant factor of the administrators’ school leadership support on socio-emotional support.

Keyword: Education and Pedagogy, Education and Leadership, School Leadership Support, Quantitative Descriptive, Survey, Bulacan, Philippines

Assessing the Effectiveness of Hybrid Modality in Selected Secondary Public Schools in Trece Martires City

ERICA F. CALALANG

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-8376-502X msericacalalang@gmail.com

Lipa City Colleges

Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the shift towards hybrid learning, which combines in-person and digital instruction, reshaping educational practices, especially in secondary schools. This study examines the effectiveness of hybrid learning in enhancing student competencies in knowledge, skills, and attitudes within selected secondary public schools in Trece Martires City. Using a quantitative approach, the research gathers da ta on students’ demographic profiles, including age, gender, socio-economic status, and technological capability, to explore how these factors influence their perceptions of hybrid learning. Findings show that hybrid learning effectively supports knowledge acquisition; however, its impact on skills and attitudes is less consistent. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in the perceived effectiveness across these competencies and highlight demographic factors influencing students’ experiences. The study identifies significant challenges, such as limited resource access, unreliable internet connectivity, and engagement difficulties. These findings underscore the need for targeted support to optimize hybrid learning, with recommendations to improve resource access, digital literacy, and practical learning opportunities.

Keywords: Hybrid learning, secondary education, student competencies

Strategies for Intermediate Pupils to Cope with Boredom During their Independent Learning at Home

JESSA MARIE Q. ORTEGA

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7967-2685 jessaortega1017@gmail.com

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology Lagangilang, Abra, Philippines

The study aimed to determine the strategies for intermediate pupils to cope with boredom during their independent learning at home. It employed descriptive-correlation research which identifies the profile of the respondents and the level of their boredom. Likewise, it determines the course of actions by which the respondents do for them to lessen or even avoid their boredom. The correlation design reflects whether the profile of the respondents affects their chosen activities to overcome their boredom during the home learning process. There were eighty-four pupils from Grades 4, 5, and 6 of Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology Lagangilang Abra in the school year 2022 – 2023. The study revealed that, (a) respondents were mostly female and have outstanding academic performance during their blended learning. (b) they felt bored during their independent learning at home because they lack interest in finishing their tasks. (c)They opted using educational books, playing sports, accessing YouTube, and listening to music as their coping strategies in overcoming their boredom. (d) Boys resorted to playing sports to overcome their boredom during the learning process at home. Meanwhile, frequent access toYouTube has a negative effect on the academic grades of the pupils. It is recommended that using diverse learning resources, having scheduled tasks, and parental engagement is a must to keep learning engaging and prevent monotony.

Keywords: Education, Coping Strategies, Descriptive-Correlation Research, Philippines

Co-Authors: Marilyn J. Alagao, Rhazel Grace V. Biares, Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices at the University of Cagayan Valley: Towards a Comprehensive Framework

DR. GLEN C. CAGURANGAN

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5631-1586

glenn.cagurangan@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

The University of Cagayan Valley (UCV) exemplifies a commitment to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) by aligning its mission with community development, inclusive education, and sustainability, reinforcing its motto as “The School for the Masses.” With a focus on the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure), UCV promotes socioeconomic growth and values formation through its diverse CSR initiatives. These programs are designed to support educational accessibility, cultural enrichment, socio-economic advancement, and environmental stewardship, ensuring a positive impact on both students and the broader community. This study evaluates UCV’s CSR practices, aiming to provide an actionable framework for future improvements. By surveying stakeholders, including faculty, students, community partners, and alumni, it assesses CSR practices in terms of UN Global Compact Principles and local engagement. The research addresses factors influencing CSR, such as philanthropic, ethical, legal, economic, discretionary, cultural, and managerial components. Furthermore, the study explores whether stakeholder demographics affect CSR perceptions and provides recommendations for advancing UCV’s CSR practices through enhanced stakeholder engagement, collaborative efforts, and innovative strategies. The findings suggest that UCV demonstrates a strong commitment to CSR through its various initiatives, consistently fostering an environment of ethical responsibility, innovation, and community-oriented growth. The proposed framework emphasizes continuous improvement, supporting the university’s goal of being an inclusive and socially responsible institution.

Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Development Goals, University of Cagayan Valley, Inclusive Education, Community Engagement

Challenges among Women Micro Entrepreneurs in Borongan City: Basis for an Extension Program

JANICE V. LOMBRIO

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4641-4993

janicelombrio@yahoo.com

Eastern Samar State University Borongan City, Philippines

Women micro-entrepreneurs in Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines, face numerous challenges that hinder their growth and sustainability. This study examined the challenges faced by women microentrepreneurs in Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines, to propose an extension program. A quantitative research design, employing a survey questionnaire administered to 50 active women micro-entrepreneurs, was utilized to determine the respondents’ profile in terms of age, educational attainment, marital status, number of children, and years of experience as a micro-entrepreneur and to identify specific challenges in personal, economic, societal, and government challenges. The impact of these challenges on business, personal well-being, and the local economy was assessed. Findings of the study revealed that the majority of respondents were middle-aged, married, and had some college education. The most significant challenges identified were high operating costs, market competition, and limited access to capital. These challenges were perceived to have a substantial impact on business growth, personal well-being, and the local economy. To empower women micro-entrepreneurs and foster economic growth, recommendations such as improving financial accessibility, providing business skills training and mentorship, implementing gender-sensitive policies, and fostering networking opportunities were proposed.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Gender Studies, Economics, Women Micro-Entrepreneurs, Economic Challenges, Business Development, Empowerment, Quantitative Research, Survey Questionnaire, Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Co-Authors: Baltazar Abobo, Jr., Arcelli B. Lorico, Eastern Samar State University

Servant Leadership Practices of Top Executives through

the Lens of its Stakeholders in a Private College: Basis for an Intervention Program

MARISSA DC. DURAN

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1843-3488

charlotteparajesuriarte@gmail.com

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Bulacan, Philippines

This study aimed to determine the servant leadership practices of top executives in a private college as assessed by heads, teachers, and office staff. Servant leadership is “a philosophy and set of practices that enrich the lives of individuals builds better organizations, and ultimately creates a more just and caring world” (Greenleaf, 1977/2002). It is a behavior of the leader which states that he has a mission of responsibility to others. (Dennis, 2004). This investigation used a quantitative research employing the descriptive correlational research design to determine the significant relationships of the school top executives’ servant leadership attributes on altruism, empowerment, humility, agapao love, service, and vision. This study revealed that the school top executives in a private college, as assessed by the three groups of respondents - heads, teachers, and office staff obtained a moderate level of verbal interpretation of agree with the servant leadership attributes of altruism, empowerment, humility, love, service, vision, and trust. The aforesaid three groups of respondents - heads, teachers, and office staff on the servant leadership attributes of the school top executives statistically obtained the same assessment on altruism, empowerment and, humility. However, they differed significantly in their assessment of love, service, vision, and trust. These findings partly accept and reject the null hypothesis. The teacher-respondents made a better assessment of the servant leadership attributes as compared with the other groups of respondents, such as the heads and office staff. The foregoing findings drawn an urgent recommendation that the school top executives in this private college should put action in their engagement with the three groups of respondents on servant leadership attributes on altruism, empowerment, humility, agapao love, service, vision, and trust as assessed only at the moderate level.

Keywords: Servant Leadership Practices, Altruism, Empowerment, Humility, Agapao Love, Service, Vision, and Trust

Co-Author: Charlotte P. Uriarte, Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Ethical Leadership and Administrative Competence of School Administrators: A Springboard for Values-Based Leadership Enhancement Program

KATHRYN ROSE C. ARCHULETA

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-3937-8719

kathrynrosearchuleta@jrmsu.edu.ph

College of Teacher Education, Jose Rizal Memorial State University - Main Campus, Philippines

Ethics builds administrative competence, empowers leaders to make relevant and effective decisions and reflective judgement. The study identified the influence of ethical leadership to the administrative competence of the school administrators of the secondary schools of Dapitan City Division. The questionnaire gathered information from the school administrators and 180 secondary teachers and was divided in three parts: Part I generated information on the respondent’s profile in terms of their age, gender, position title, educational attainment, length of service, and place of origin; Part II is focused on determining the level of ethical leadership of the school administrators in terms of ethics of care, ethics of justice, and ethics of critique based on the study of Langlois et al. (2014) in accordance to the perception of the school administrators themselves and the secondary teachers; and Part III identified the level of administrative competence of the school administrators as to the five domains indicated in the Philippine Professional Standards for School Heads which are leading strategically, managing school operations and resources, focusing on teaching and learning, developing self and others, and building connections as rated by the school administrators and teachers. The results revealed that there is a high level of ethical leadership and administrative competence among school administrators of Dapitan City Division. There was a consistent observance of ethical leadership among the school administrators in the three dimensions and were identified as very much competent in the five domains of administrative competence. Moreover, the data disclosed that there was no significant difference as to the rating of the teachers and the school administrators in terms of the level of ethical leadership and administrative competence of the school administrators. It indicated that the status of ethical leadership and administrative competence was associated according to the ratings of the two groups of respondents. As such, the findings further revealed that there was a significant relationship between ethical leadership and administrative competence which signified that the level of ethical leadership influenced the level of administrative competence of the school administrators. On the overall, the study recommends the implementation of values-based sustainability program to maintain and solidify the status of ethical leadership and administrative competence among the school administrators.

Keywords: Ethical Leadership, Administrative Competence, Educational Leadership

Correlational Study on the Effects of Work Environment on the Employees’ Performance of Selected DOST Agencies

JENELYN P. ROMBAON-FORTU

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2027-7475

jenelynprombaon@iskolarngbayan.pup.edu.ph

Polytechnic University of the Philippines - Open University System, Manila, Philippines

The impact of climate change is clearly seen through natural hazards such as typhoons, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, tsunamis, floods, and droughts. These challenges complicate the work of government employees responsible for early warning systems and monitoring natural hazards in the Philippines. This research paper analyses the relationship between the work environment and the performance of 265 regular employees from the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) and the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). A descriptive- correlational survey method was employed, along with mixed methods research, to provide an in-depth analysis of survey data and a detailed understanding of respondents’ perceptions regarding their work environment at PAGASA and PHIVOLCS. The findings reveal a strong correlation between specific aspects of the work environment and employees’ effectiveness and job satisfaction. Further, the quality and effectiveness of the services provided by the organizations are crucial for shaping employees’ performance. Recommendations from this study include increasing personnel capacity, upgrading facilities and equipment, enhancing compensation and benefits, expanding career development opportunities, and fostering a supportive work culture.

Keywords: Government, Philippines, work environment, PAGASA, PHIVOLCS, performance, DOST, personnel capacity, facilities, equipment, compensation, benefits, work culture

Social Media on Financial Management Practices among Students in Higher Education in Northern Philippines

JENNIFER F. SUYU, MBA

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6528-7625

jenniferfurigay.suyu@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

The use of social media into financial management techniques has both benefits and drawbacks, influencing how people manage their money. On the one hand, it functions as a vast repository of financial knowledge, including easily available materials such as webinars, films, and articles that support financial literacy. By promoting conversations about money management, investment techniques, and budgeting, these platforms equip users with crucial financial knowledge. This study aimed to determine the role of Social Media on Financial Management Practices among the students of the School of Business Administration and Governance for the S.Y 2022-2023 of the University of Cagayan Valley. The study used a comparative descriptive survey design. The participants of this study were the selected students of the School of Business Administration and Governance using random sampling techniques. Frequency count and percentage distribution, mean and ANOVA were used in the treatment of the data gathered. Based on the findings of the study, the researchers concluded that in terms of financial behavior, the students acknowledge the influence of social media, with some experiencing increased spending and impulse buying. The School of Business Administration and Governance department or faculties may consider incorporating financial literacy programs into the curriculum to enhance students’ understanding of financial management practices. In conclusion, there is a notable disparity in the evaluation of the students regarding the role that social media plays in their financial management practices. This disparity indicates that students who are enrolled in Financial Management demonstrate higher levels of financial management practices compared to students who are enrolled in Marketing Management and Social Resource Management.

Keywords: Financial attitude, financial behavior, social media, practices, media platforms, social media exposure

Assessing the Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction in Selected Hotels of Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, Philippines

JULIEKENN G. ANINO

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6685-9323

juliekenn91@gmail.com

Caraga State University Cabadbaran Campus Philippines

This study explored the impact of the marketing mix on customer satisfaction within the hospitality industry, specifically focusing on selected hotels in Cabadbaran City. The study aimed to analyze how the components of the marketing mix: product, price, place, and promotion affected the satisfaction levels of hotel guests. Using a mixed-methods approach, data were collected from guests to provide a comprehensive assessment. Findings indicated that each element of the marketing mix played a significant role in shaping customer perceptions and satisfaction. The quality and features of the product, pricing strategies, distribution channels, and promotions proved crucial. Additionally, varying customer expectations across demographic segments highlighted the need for personalized marketing strategies. This research contributed to the existing literature by offering insights into how hotels in Cabadbaran City could enhance their marketing efforts to meet customer needs and expectations better. By prioritizing the elements of the marketing mix that drove customer satisfaction, hotels could strengthen their competitive position and have long-term customer-relationship.

Keywords: Marketing mix, customer satisfaction, Service quality, Effective promotional, Satisfaction level

Perceived Impact of Social Media Influencers on Consumer Perception and Buying Behavior on Inland Resort Products and Services: An Explanatory Sequential Study

CHRISTINE MAE G. MONTENEGRO, LPT, MSHM

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-0904

montenegrochristinegarzon@gmail.com

Recoletos de Bacolod Graduate School

Bacolod City, Negros Occidental, Philippines

Studying influencer marketing has become essential with the continued exploration of marketing strategies adapting to the changes brought by time. Existing literature has discussed topics about social media influencers and their impact on consumers but rarely was done specifically for resorts. The primary objective of this research is to measure the degree of impact of SMIs on consumer perceptions relating to their characteristics when marketing an inland resort. Likewise, it will measure the degree of perceived impact of social media influencers on consumer buying behavior. Moreover, this study explores other factors relative to consumer perception and the buying decisions of resort guests regarding resort products and services concerning social media influencers. This study adopts an explanatory sequential study mixed method approach, utilizing surveys and interviews to collect data from the resort guests of chosen establishments. The quantitative data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation. Thematic analysis using Lichtman’s 3Cs was used for qualitative data. This methodology enables a comprehensive understanding of the impact of SMIs on consumer perception and behavior. The findings indicate that the impact of SMI characteristics on consumer perception and behavior is very high. Themes were also formed from qualitative data. The results of this study helped formulate effective marketing strategies for inland resorts involving social media influencers. This study also calls for further investigation into the role of SMIs in the marketing of hospitality and tourism establishments.

Keywords: Hospitality and Tourism Marketing, Social Media Influencers, Mixed Method, Philippines

Business Knowledge, Skills, and Challenges of Micro-business Owners in Borongan City, Eastern Samar

DYMPHNA ANN C. CALUMPIANO

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4929-9687

dacalumpiano@essu.edu.ph

Eastern Samar State University

Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

The study evaluates the level of business knowledge, skills, and challenges of micro-business in Borongan City. A descriptive study was employed with 306 micro-business owners serves as respondents. Descriptive statistics such as frequency count, percentage, rank, and mean were used to analyze the gathered data. Findings revealed that most micro-business have been operational for 1 to 5 years, primarily structured as sole proprietorships and focused on retail activities. The primary sources of capital of these enterprises is personal savings, with initial investments below P 100,000, and they usually employ 0 to 1 worker. It indicates that micro-business owners possess adequate skills and knowledge in marketing and financial management, demonstrating a high level of expertise in customer services and sufficient digitalization skills. In addition, these micro-businesses face several significant challenges. High interest rates on financial options pose substantial barriers to accessing the necessary capital for growth. Infrastructure issues, particularly unreliable electricity supply, emerged as a pressing concern, hindering operational efficiency. Additionally, frequent changes in regulatory requirements create an unstable environment that complicates compliance for business owners. Finding skilled workers also presents a challenge, as the limited availability of skilled personnel affect business productivity and growth. It is therefore recommended that an advanced training development and workshop be conducted to help micro-business owners further enhance their skills and knowledge and sustain their business.

Keywords: Business management, business knowledge and skills, challenges of micro-business owners, Borongan City, Eastern Samar

MARIA KATHLEEN JUNE MARINO, DIT

https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6451-0646

mariakatejune@gmail.com

St. Paul University Dumaguete Philippines

Generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming education by providing tools to support teaching, learning, and administration. This study examines the awareness, perceptions, and experiences of professionals at St. Paul University Dumaguete (SPUD) regarding generative AI and explores its potential benefits and challenges in an educational context. The study aims to assess SPUD professionals’ familiarity with generative AI, understand their attitudes toward its integration, and identify its advantages and limitations in enhancing educational practices. A mixed methods approach was utilized, combining quantitative surveys and qualitative thematic analysis. Data were collected via Microsoft Forms from 61 participants, representing 50% of SPUD’s faculty, support staff, and department/unit heads. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were explored for recurring themes. Results show that 56% of respondents are aware of generative AI, with faculty members demonstrating the highest familiarity. Tools like ChatGPT, Slidesgo, and Google Bard are commonly used for improving productivity and creating educational materials. Respondents see generative AI as beneficial for enhancing efficiency, communication, and personalized learning. However, concerns regarding academic integrity, diminished human interaction, data privacy, and algorithmic bias were notable. The study concludes that generative AI offers significant potential for improving education, but its adoption must be accompanied by ethical guidelines, robust training, and institutional policies. Addressing these challenges is critical to optimizing AI’s role in education while maintaining academic standards. Future research should explore long-term strategies for responsible integration and innovation in higher education settings.

Keywords: Educational Technology, Artificial Intelligence in Education, Generative AI, Awareness and Perceptions, Benefits and Challenges, AI Integration in Education, Mixed Methods, Quantitative Surveys, Qualitative Thematic Analysis, St. Paul University Dumaguete, Philippines

*Co-Author: Irish Sequihod Udtohan, St. Paul University Dumaguete

The International Travel and Tourism Management Curricula of ASEAN Member States: A Comparative Study

DR. SEVILLIA S. FELICEN

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1578-9481

ssfelicen@lpubatangas.edu.ph

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas, Philippines

A well-designed and flexible curriculum is needed to integrate dynamic changes and strategic developments in the tourism and hospitality industries. This study aims to analyze and compare the Tourism Management Program curricula in the Philippines with those in other ASEAN countries, including Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia. The research design employed is descriptive design, to identify similarities and differences between the curricula of these ASEAN countries and that of an international academic institution in the Philippines. Descriptive documentary analysis was utilized for this research, and curriculum information was obtained from the official university websites of the ASEAN member states mentioned. Based on the findings the duration of a Bachelor’s degree program in Travel and Tourism Management is typically four years on average in all universities included in the study, however, it varies in the inclusion of practicum or work-integrated learning components. It can be noted that general education courses are no longer part of the curricula of other ASEAN countries, as these subjects have already been covered during their secondary education. Additionally, it was observed that Service Quality Management is one of the electives in some of the curricula. It can be noted that substantial disparities were identified in terms of professional courses and core courses across the programs.

Keywords: Education, ASEAN Countries Curriculum, Travel and Tourism Management, Descriptive, Philippines

Effectiveness of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Integration in University of Cagayan Valley: Teaching and Learning with Technology

APRILIZA M. CARAG

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1679-8841

apriliza.carag@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become increasingly prevalent in various aspects of our daily lives, including education. The integration of ICT in teaching and learning has been recognized as a potential tool to enhance educational reform and improve access to quality education. However, teachers often face challenges in effectively utilizing ICT due to insufficient technological competencies. Despite the increasing digital skills of teachers, there is still a need to enhance their ability to make the best use of ICT in instructional practices. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrating ICT at the University of Cagayan Valley using quantitative research methods and a descriptive correlational design to examine the relationship between variables. The respondents were teachers from the different colleges of the University. The study revealed that the respondents generally have positive perceptions about the effectiveness of ICT integration in teaching and learning, but there are mixed perceptions about the effective elements in ICT integration in teaching and learning. The study also suggests that there may be gender differences in the perception of the effectiveness of ICT integration for student learning between male and female teachers. The higher educational qualifications of the respondents indicate a potential readiness and openness to embrace technology-based approaches in teaching and learning. The study recommends that the institution can leverage the positive perceptions of the respondents to develop and implement effective strategies for integrating ICT in teaching and learning. Further research can explore specific subject areas, teaching contexts, and factors influencing teachers’ perceptions towards ICT integration.

Keywords: Integration of ICT, Effectiveness, Teaching and Learning

The Educational Curricula of Thailand and the Philippines: A Comprehensive Comparative Study

DARYLL D. GUPIT

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-3706-7209

gupitadaryll61@gmail.com

Lipa City Colleges

Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

This study provides a comparative analysis of the educational curricula of Thailand and the Philippines, examining how each system addresses educational goals amid unique cultural, historical, and socioeconomic influences. The main objectives are to compare curriculum structure, identify factors influencing development, and evaluate how these curricula prepare students for modern educational challenges such as globalization and inclusivity. Employing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered through surveys with students and teachers, supplemented by interviews with educators from both countries. Findings indicate that both curricula emphasize holistic development and 21st-century skills but face challenges with resource allocation, content overload, and inclusivity, especially in rural areas. Despite these challenges, each curriculum demonstrates strengths in supporting student preparation for higher education and careers, even though with notable differences in implementation and outcomes. These results highlight the need for targeted curriculum improvements that enhance adaptability, inclusivity, and resource support, offering valuable insights for policymakers.

Keywords: Comparative education, Curriculum development, Educational management

The Impact of Social Media on Shaping Body Image Perceptions and Related Factors Among Adolescents

DR. GABRIEL G. URIARTE

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-9318-010X

gabbygriar@gmail.com

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc. Bulacan, Philippines

This study explored the impact of social media on shaping body image perceptions among adolescents, with a particular focus on the relationship between demographic factors, social media usage, and body image-related influences. Using a descriptive comparative research design, the study analyzed responses from 170 randomly selected adolescent students from Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel. The findings revealed that geographic location significantly influenced body image perceptions through its effect on peer influence, cultural and societal norms, and gender differences. However, other demographic factors, such as age and gender, were found to have no significant impact on body image perceptions. Social media usage, measured in terms of frequency and general engagement, was not identified as a significant factor influencing body image perceptions. This finding suggests that the type and content of social media engagement may be more important than the mere act of using social media. Instead, specific factors, such as the frequency of exposure to idealized images or videos and perceived pressure from social media, were found to significantly shape adolescents’ perceptions of idealized body images. Interestingly, the intent to change appearance did not emerge as a significant factor. Further analysis revealed that adolescents’ extent of agreement with the statement “Social media has influenced my body image” and their feelings of inadequacy after using social media significantly impacted their perceptions of idealized body images. In contrast, the representation of unrealistic body images and changes in eating habits or physical activities were not significant factors. These results underscore the role of psychological and emotional responses to social media in shaping body image perceptions. The findings of this study emphasize the importance of addressing psychological pressures and cultural influences when designing interventions to mitigate the negative impact of social media on adolescent body image. Targeted media literacy programs and support systems focusing on self-esteem and resilience are recommended, particularly in regions where cultural norms exert significant influence. This research highlights the need for further investigation into the content-driven effects of social media and its interaction with contextual and psychological variables.

Keywords: Demographic Information, Social Media Usage, Perceptions of Body Image, Impact of Social Media, and Support and Awareness

Demographics and Psychological Well-being of Private Sector Employees in Western Visayas, Philippines

MARY EDILLIS O. MOLEÑO

http://orcid.org/ 0009-0001-5181-6021

edhzmoleno@gmail.com

University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos

Bacolod City, Philippines

Employee well-being is crucial for organizational success, influenced by factors like workplace design, leadership, and organizational culture, with the latter significantly impacting mental health. Psychological well-being is multifaceted, shaped by individual demographics (age, sex), job resources and stressors, and organizational factors. In the Philippines, well-being is recognized as crucial, with the government issuing guidelines for mental health in the workplace. This study examined the psychological well-being of 101 employees in three private companies in Central Visayas, Philippines, using a quantitative approach. Findings revealed moderate levels of well-being across all dimensions, suggesting a generally positive work environment with room for improvement. Contrary to expectations, age, civil status, and years of service were not significantly related to well-being. However, a significant relationship was found between sex and psychological well-being, indicating potential gender-based disparities. These findings suggest that organizations should focus on personalized well-being initiatives rather than relying on demographic-based assumptions. Further research is needed with larger, more diverse samples to explore the complex factors contributing to employee well-being, particularly gender differences, and to develop tailored interventions. Limitations of the study include the small sample size, cross-sectional design, reliance on self-reported data, and lack of in-depth exploration of workplace factors. Future research should address these limitations and incorporate qualitative methods to gain a more comprehensive understanding of employee well-being in the Philippines.

Keywords: Demographics, Psychological Well-Being, Private Sector, Quantitative, Western Vissayas, Philippines

Examining the Influence of Self-Compassion Components on Suicidal Ideation among Filipino LGBT Young Adults: A Linear Regression Analysis

BILLY JOEL B. RAMOS, MAIOPsy, PhD ClinPsy

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0914-699X

billyjoelb.ramos@gmail.com

Bukidnon State University – Talisayan Campus Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Suicidal ideation is a critical mental health issue among marginalized groups, including LGBT individuals. In the Philippines, cultural and religious influences intensify the challenges faced by Filipino LGBT young adults, increasing their mental health risks. This study explores the influence of self-compassion components on suicidal ideation among Filipino LGBT young adults, using data from 793 individuals aged 18-26 who completed the Self-Compassion Scale and the Modified Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Linear regression analysis revealed that selfcompassion variables collectively explained only 0.7% of the variance in suicidal ideation (R²= 0.085, adjusted R²= -0.004, p= 0.762). Among the self-compassion components, isolation exhibited the highest inverse effect on suicidal ideation (β= -0.120, p= 0.103), suggesting that higher levels of isolation were associated with lower levels of suicidal ideation among Filipino LGBT Young Adults. This paradox challenges conventional perceptions of isolation as a risk factor for suicidal behaviors. The analysis suggests that within the Filipino LGBT young adults, isolation might function differently due to unique contextual factors, such as increased reliance on digital communication platforms, post-pandemic normalization of solitude, societal conditioning within the LGBT community, and cultural values in the Philippines, including the significance of family and community support. These intriguing findings regarding isolation highlight the need for further investigation into its role. Understanding these unique contextual factors is crucial for creating effective mental health strategies for this population. These findings support the goal of enhancing mental health and well-being, contributing to the broader objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Keywords: Behavior Sciences, Self-Compassion, Suicidal Ideation, Regression Analysis, Filipino LGBT Young Adults, Philippines.

Community Needs and Program Satisfaction: A Study of Rural Capacities on Program Support in the Province of Abra

RHEA A. QUILEZA

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6049-9657

rquileza@asist.edu.ph

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

Lagangilang, Abra, Philippines

This study focuses on how efforts to promote rural development affect the Province of Abra, particularly focusing on how effectively community programs have benefited livelihoods and reduced urban migration. The research emphasizes the vital function that rural development provides in stabilizing both the rural and urban economies. It also promotes improved living standards and sustainable economic possibilities within rural communities. The study evaluated program satisfaction and community needs in six barangays in Abra using explanatory sequential mixed methods. The research identifies gaps between program implementation and effectiveness through surveys and interviews with residents and barangay officials. It concludes that although there is a moderate level of implementation of community programs, significant challenges include a lack of skilled staff, inadequate funding, and a lack of community support. These problems underscore the need for a more focused allocation of funds and enhanced efforts to develop capacity while contributing to varying program performance. The results show that livestock farming improvements are important over machinery for farming workshops, and livelihood programs function better than microfinance tasks. The study also finds a gap in the effectiveness of program implementation between trainers and local government units (LGUs), indicating that objective and interest alignment is essential to program success. The study recommends giving capacity-building and financial planning the most attention to address these issues and ensure the continued effectiveness of programs for community development.

Keywords: community needs, rural capacities, satisfaction effectiveness

Triggering Factors of Persons Deprived of Liberty in Committing Disciplinary Misconduct: A Case of a District Jail in Northern Luzon

MARK KENNEDY D. DIWAYAN

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-6044

kennedydimasmaken@gmail.com

University of Cagayan Valley Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

The study aimed to describe the disciplinary misconduct committed by the persons deprived of liberty (PDLs) of BJMP Tabuk District in the calendar years 2018 to 2020, determine the common factors triggering the disciplinary misconduct, ascertain the significant relationship between the PDLs’ profile variables and the disciplinary misconduct they committed, and propose measures to mitigate the triggers of committing misconduct among the PDLs. A mixed research approach through descriptive-correlational design and thematic analysis was used, and the data were collected through a face-to-face survey and semi-structured interview with purposively sampled PDLs, including jail officers who were selected using total enumeration. Frequency, percentage, and chi-square were used to treat the quantitative data while thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results reveal that most of the PDLs committed gambling with their fellow inmates, followed by shouting at or threatening other PDLs. In contrast, none of them committed punching and hitting other inmates. In addition, the findings show that there is no significant relationship between the PDL’s age, number of jail records, or alleged crime committed and the disciplinary misconduct they committed, while there is a significant relationship between the PDL’s sex, civil status, or educational attainment and the disciplinary misconduct they committed. Moreover, the thematic analysis of the PDL’s open-ended responses regarding the triggers of committing disciplinary misconduct generated the five themes, which include: (1) Inconducive Facility, (2) Family Problems, (3) Personal Issues, (4) Conflict with Other PDLs, and (5) Conflict with BJMP Personnel. Furthermore, as an offshoot of the study, the researcher formulated measures to mitigate the triggers of committing misconduct among PDLs. Finally, considering the study’s salient findings, the researcher concluded that the PDLs’ sex, civil status, and educational attainment correlate with the disciplinary misconduct they committed. The factors triggering the misconduct, such as inconducive facility, family problems, and conflict with other PDLs, among others, reflect the troubling culture and unfavorable condition in which the PDLs find themselves situated in their journey towards reformation. Facilitating this journey requires the collaboration between and among stakeholders towards the PDL’s continual self-transformation.

Keywords: Disciplinary Misconduct, Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs), Triggering Factors, Jail Management, Reformation

Factors Affecting the Research Performance of Grade 12 Students of UVC: A Basis for Research Capability Program

LESTER M. TEÑOSO

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-2089-0737

lestermaurera.tenoso@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

This research aimed to determine the factors affecting the research performance of Grade 12 students of the University of Cagayan Valley for School Year 2022-2023. This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design, specifically the cross-sectional survey design. A stratified random sampling method was employed to identify study respondents. This research strictly abided by the ethical and legal for the study. The data was analyzed and tabulated using weighted mean, ANOVA, and Pearson-R. It was found out that there are no significant correlations between “Knowledge and Skills in Research,” “Students’ Attitude in Undertaking a Research,” and “Teachers’ Attitude in Teaching Research” in their general weighted average in their Practical Research (PR2) subject. Additionally, profile variables like age, sex, parental education, occupation, and family income do not significantly affect research performance. However, father’s and mother’s highest educational attainment have a significant influence on research performance. Higher educational attainment of the father and mother is associated with improved research performance, highlighting the importance of parental education in fostering research abilities. These findings underscore the importance of parental education in shaping and enhancing students’ research abilities.

Keywords: Research Performance, Research, Factors, Grade 12 students, Knowledge and Skills, Attitude, Parental Education, Parental Occupation, Family Income

Mathematical Skills and General Mathematics Performance of Grade 11 Students in a Public National High School in Southern Negros Occidental, Philippines

CLEAH AMOR S. PARCON

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8525-9307

cleah8888@gmail.com/ cleahamor.parcon@deped.gov.ph

University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos

Bacolod City, Negros Occidental

Mathematical skills are essential tools that form the foundation for understanding complex concepts in mathematics relevant to our daily lives. General Mathematics is considered a core subject in the senior high school curriculum. This study investigated the mathematical skills and General Mathematics performance of Grade 11 students at a public National High School in southern Negros Occidental, Philippines. The study employed a quantitative research design, specifically descriptive, comparative, and correlational research designs, which analyzed the relationship between mathematical skills and general mathematics performance, considering potential differences between sexes and academic strands. Using statistical methods like mean, standard deviation, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Spearman’s correlations, the study found that students demonstrated approaching proficient mathematical skills but only developing-level General Mathematics performance. Significant differences in verbal mathematical skills were observed between academic strands, while nonverbal mathematical skills significantly vary between both sexes and strands. Additionally, findings revealed significant differences in the general mathematics performance among academic strands. Lastly, a significant correlation emerged between mathematical skills and overall performance in General Mathematics which may indicate that a low level of mathematical skills may lead to low performance in general mathematics, while sufficient knowledge of mathematical skills may yield high performance in general mathematics.

Keywords: Mathematics, Mathematical skills, General mathematics performance, Senior high school students, Descriptive-correlational, Philippines

Level of Awareness of Personnel and Students of Lipa City Colleges towards Enhanced Social Orientation and Community Extension Program: An Analysis

JOWELYN Z. CABRERA

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-5385-8552

jowelyncabrera@gmail.com

Lipa City Colleges

Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

This study investigates the awareness of personnel and students regarding the institution's enhanced social orientation and community extension program. The research aims to understand the current engagement levels of LCC stakeholders in community outreach activities and identify areas for improvement. The study utilizes a correlational design, analyzing data collected through a questionnaire administered to 132 personnel and 340 students. The research explores the demographic profile of respondents, assesses their awareness of existing community extension activities in terms of commitment, excellence, and service, and investigates potential relationships between respondent profiles and awareness levels. The findings suggest that while awareness of the program is generally high, there are significant differences in awareness levels between employees and students, particularly in terms of commitment and excellence. The study concludes with recommendations for institutionalizing the community program, creating a strong brand for LCC’s community extension efforts, and developing impactful programs that address the identified needs of the community.

Keywords: Community extension program, social commitment, volunteerism

Kaantasan ng Kasanayan ng mga Guro sa Filipino sa Pagpili ng Pang-akademikong Ebalwasyon

FEMAR B. MATRATAR

http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 femarmatratar@jrmsu.edu.ph

Jose Rizal Memorial State University Dapitan City, Philippines

The learning process for students significantly improves with access to well-developed knowledge sources. Furthermore, the effectiveness of learning also hinges on how student knowledge is assessed. The study aims to assess the skill levels of Filipino teachers in selecting appropriate assessment methods for first-year high school competencies. The study employed a qualitative design with descriptive and evaluative methods to convey its findings. Simple random sampling was utilized, and developed a questionnaire for data collection. The theory of dynamic assessment was applied throughout the study to analyse the teachers’ assessment methods. The study found that 82% of teachers selected cognitive assessments for cognitive competencies, while the remaining 18% opted for psychomotor assessments in the same domain. In the affective domain, 50% of teachers chose psychomotor assessments for affective competencies, while 25% selected affective assessments and 25% used cognitive criteria. In the psychomotor domain, 50% of teachers chose psychomotor assessments, 17% selected affective assessments, and 33% opted for cognitive assessments. Overall, teachers demonstrated a high skill level in selecting assessments for the cognitive domain, a low skill level in the affective domain, and an adequate skill level in the psychomotor domain. As a result, an academic evaluation framework was developed for the affective domain.

Keywords: Assessment, domain, skills, teacher

Measurement of Grit and Correlation to Academic Performance

OLIVIA B. PASICOLAN

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-6803

oliviapasicolan53@yahoo.com

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

21st-century education is faced with worldwide challenges that may call for a paradigm shift. To respond to the various challenges, teachers should provide opportunities that develop a growth mindset and not a fixed mindset among the learners. A person with a growth mindset is said to have grit. According to Park, et.al. (2020) grit and a growth mindset are distinct but mutually reinforcing. Teachers should model grit and a growth mindset to their learners to prepare them for the demands of the 2ist century. This study was then undertaken to determine the grittiness of teacher education students and its relation to their academic performance. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method with correlational design through analysis of the measurement of the grit of the teacher education students and how it influences their academic performance. This study employed a quantitative descriptive method with correlational design through analysis of the measurement of the grit of the teacher education students and how it influences their academic performance. The respondents of the study were the teacher education students enrolled during the second semester of the school year 2022-2023. Excluded from the study were fourth-year students, those with incomplete grades, students who were earning units, and irregular students. Stratified sampling was employed to determine the number of respondents per year level. Mean was utilized to interpret the grittiness of the respondents and their academic performance. Pearson -r was utilized to test the significant relationship between the grittiness of the respondents and their academic performance. Findings of the study show that the grittiness of the respondents, with an overall mean of 3.08, is interpreted as “somewhat like me.” This shows that the students view themselves as somewhat gritty. Furthermore, they have performed at an average level in their academics. There is a significant positive relationship between the grit level and the academic performance of the students. This indicates that, as the teacher education students’ grit level increases their academic performance tends to increase as well. It is therefore concluded that the grittiness of students may positively influence their academic performance. Future research may look into the relationship of a growth mindset and the grittiness of teacher education students and correlate it with academic performance.

Keywords: Grittiness, academic performance, growth mindset

Co-Authors: Fe F. Cordova, Soledad R. Taguibao

Student Outcomes for Bachelor of Science in International Hospitality Management specialized in Cruiseline Operations in Hotel Services for the Years 2018-2022

DR. MARIVIC V. RICAFORT

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9887-7899

mvrivafort@lpubatangas.edu.ph

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas, Philippines

Student outcomes are important because they provide a way to measure the effectiveness of a learning experience. This study aims to assess the attainment of student outcomes of Bachelor of Science in Hospitality Management Students specialized in Cruiseline Operation in Hotel Services (BSIHM-CLOHS). Specifically, it assessed the attainment of 10 Student Outcomes in terms of final grade in courses addressing the SO and proposed an action plan for curriculum improvement. This study used a descriptive design with 2 sections (80 students) or 100% of the students who started the program in 2018 and graduated in 2022. The study used the assessment plan and the tools in the specific performance indicators of the BSIHM-CLOHS program. There are 10 Student Outcomes with 2 or more performance indicators. Each performance indicator has sets of courses to come up with the rating. The researcher used the class record submitted by the faculty members who handled the professional courses of the program. Based on the result, all students met and exceeded the performance target of 75% for each performance indicator in all 10 student outcomes for the Cruiseline Operations and Hotel Services program. All students have met or surpassed the performance target, demonstrating that the program is successfully delivering its curriculum and achieving its educational objectives. This means that the teaching methods, course materials, and learning activities are well-aligned with the intended outcomes, equipping students with the required knowledge and skills.

Keywords: Education, Student Outcomes, Cruiseline Management, Descriptive, Philippines

School Heads’ Psychological Situational Leadership Styles in the New Normal: Basis for an Action Plan

MENDALENE T. MILLANA

http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000 drgjum18@gmail.com

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Bulacan, Philippines

This study aimed to determine the school heads’ psychological-situational leadership styles during the New Normal. In psychological Situational leadership styles in this study, a leader adapts this style of leading to suit the current work environment and the needs of a group. This type of leadership is not dependent on the skills of a leader. Instead, it is based on a leader’s ability to adjust to the psychological requirements of a group in order to be a better and more effective leader. This research is quantitative descriptive in form because it determined the school heads’ situational leadership styles. The results showed that the extent of practice of the school heads in the four psychological situational leadership styles as assessed by their teachers and school heads themselves are all very high in directing, coaching, supporting, and delegating. It is only on directing and delegating that the teachers and the school heads differ in their assessment. The teachers’ personal variables such as marital status and teacher eligibility are significant factors of the school heads’ PSLS on directing. Teacher eligibility is a significant factor in PSLS on coaching, supporting, and delegating. The teachers’ personal variables such as marital status and teacher eligibility are significant factors in work characteristic; teacher eligibility is significant factor in recognition of accomplishment and initiatives; length of service is significant factor in responsibility recognition/ accomplishment and initiatives and working condition of the environment; and sex is significant factor in interpersonal relations.

Keywords: Education and Pedagogy, Situational Leadership Styles, Quantitative Descriptive, Survey, Comparative; Bulacan, Philippines

Co-Author: Grace Joy U. Mendoza, Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Health-Related

Quality of

Life and Health-Seeking Behavior of the Residents of Cagayan Province: Its Relation to Health Literacy on the Priority Areas of the Department of Health

DR. ESTHER SUSAN N. PEREZ-MARI

susan.perez-mari@ucv.edu.ph

http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000

University of Cagayan Valley Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

This research aimed to investigate the relationship between health-related quality of life, health-seeking behavior, and health literacy among residents in Cagayan Province, aligned with the Department of Health’s priority areas. A mixed methods approach is used, involving 655 respondents selected through multi-stage random sampling. Results show that respondents are primarily middle-aged, female, married, and from Cagayan. They have completed secondary education and have low-income households. Health-seeking behavior is rated as “Very Good,” and health literacy is influenced by self-help activities, family/friends, media, and understanding of health screening importance. The overall health-related quality of life indicates many unhealthy days, with common impairments like hypertension, arthritis, and breathing problems. Activity limitations, particularly hypertension-related, are reported. Mental health, social relationships, and media are emphasized for health information. The study suggests interventions for managing chronic conditions and promoting a healthier lifestyle to improve residents’ well-being, supporting DOH’s priority areas.

Keywords: Cagayan Province, Department of Health, Health-Related Quality of Life, Health Seeking Behavior, Health Literacy

Co-Author: Orlando C. Turingan, Jr., Adriane Gabrielle S. Perez, Pura B. Andeng, Edna P. Cardenas

Health and Wellness Program for Office Employees of Selected Companies: Basis for Intervention Scheme

JOHN DARREL J. MEDINA

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2735-2393

jjmedina@earist.ph.edu

Eulogio “Amang” Rodriguez Institute of Science and Technology, Philippines

This study explores the implementation and impact of health and wellness programs for office employees in selected companies in Cavite, Philippines. Workplace wellness programs aim to enhance employee health by addressing their physical, emotional, and social needs, reducing health risks, and supporting overall wellbeing. The study specifically examines the perspectives of top management and office employees regarding various wellness dimensions, such as nutrition, mental health, emotional support, social activities, and spiritual development. The primary objectives were to assess the wellness programs’ effectiveness and determine if there were significant differences in perceptions between management and employees. A descriptive research design and survey methodology was employed, targeting a sample of 74 respondents across four companies. Data were analyzed using statistical treatments, including frequency distribution, ranking, weighted mean, and t-test for independent samples. Findings indicate that while wellness initiatives are generally well-regarded, significant differences exist in the spiritual development component, which appears less emphasized. Nutrition, mental health, and emotional well-being received favorable responses, while areas like stress reduction workshops showed room for improvement. The study underscores the importance of holistic wellness programs in enhancing productivity and morale, recommending enhancements in spiritual and social components to support employee well-being fully.

Keywords: Occupational Health, Wellness Programs, Descriptive Research, Philippines

Impact on the Performance in the Dentist Board Examination of COVID-19 Pandemic

DR. JENNIFER D. MADERAZO

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0990

jdmaderazo@lpubatangas.edu.ph

Lyceum of the Philippines University-Batangas, Philippines

Passing the Dentistry Licensure Examination (DLE) is tantamount to the privilege of practicing the dental profession. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Dentistry graduates faced unprecedented challenges in taking the DLE. In this study, the results in the board exam pre-pandemic and during the pandemic were compared, and tested if there is significant difference that may become basis for improvement of the dental curriculum in the new normal. Descriptive statistical data were tabulated and summarized in proportions and percentage, using the chi-square test. Less than 5% significance will be adopted in this study (p < 0.05). Results showed that majority of the respondents passed the theoretical phase of the Dentistry Board Examination before and during the pandemic. Average scores across the subjects during pandemic were higher than before the pandemic. There was a statistically significant difference of results on General and Oral Anatomy and Physiology, and Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics before and during pandemic with the obtained p-value less than 0.05. It shows that those takers of these subjects during the pandemic have higher results as compared to the takers before pandemic. Plan of action and strategies are proposed to enhance the Dentistry Licensure performance of the dental graduates.

Keywords: Dentistry, Licensure Examination, COVID-19, Philippines

Citizens’ Satisfaction on the Delivery of Devolved Health Services Towards Sustainable Development: The Case of Lallo, Cagayan in Northern Philippines

LILIA M. TAMAYAO, DPA

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-2396-7502

lilia.tamayao@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

The Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) significantly impacts local governance in the Philippines by providing a structured framework for evaluating citizen feedback on public service delivery. This study evaluates the quality of devolved health services delivered by the Local Government Unit (LGU) of Lallo, Cagayan, Philippines, following the devolution of services under the Local Government Code of 1991. The study aimed to assess citizen awareness, service availment, and satisfaction regarding devolved health services provided by the LGU of Lallo. Employing a mixed-method research design, data was collected from 150 respondents through structured face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. The findings indicate that citizens rated all devolved health services highly, expressing low need for further action, suggesting that the quality of health services exceeded their expectations. Despite this positive feedback, the study highlights the necessity for the LGU to sustain these favorable aspects and enhance service delivery further to establish itself as a model health facility. The results provide critical insights into local government officials in Lallo, serving as a foundation for policy formulation aimed at improving health service delivery and overall citizen satisfaction. This research underscores the importance of citizen feedback in shaping local governance and enhancing public service delivery, ultimately contributing to sustainable local governance and development.

Keywords: Local Governance, Awareness, Availment, Citizen Satisfaction, Devolved Health Services, Mixed Methods of Research, Lallo, Cagayan, Northern Philippines

Examining the Learning loss among Dentistry Courses in one Private University in the Philippines: Towards in Learning Recovery Program

Quality

KIARA MORELLE E. MAGLAYA

http://orcid.org./0000-0002-4386-0671

maglayakiara18@gmail.com

National University Manila, Philippines

This study explores the phenomenon of learning loss within dentistry courses at a private university and proposes a comprehensive learning recovery program to address this issue. The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted the educational sector, forcing institutions to adapt to remote learning environments. However, this sudden shift has raised concerns about the effectiveness of online education and its impact on students’ learning outcomes. Through a mixed-methods approach, this study investigates the extent of learning loss among dentistry students in a private university. Quantitative data is collected through pre and posttests to assess students’ knowledge retention and skill development before and after the pandemic. Additionally, qualitative data is gathered through interviews and surveys to gain insights into students’ experiences and perceptions of the online learning environment. The findings reveal a notable decline in learning outcomes among dentistry students during the pandemic. Factors such as limited access to practical training, reduced engagement, and increased distractions contribute to this learning loss. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop and implement a targeted learning recovery program to mitigate the effects of learning loss and enhance student learning outcomes. The proposed learning recovery program encompasses a multi-faceted approach based upon established educational theories and best practices. It includes strategies such as bridging the practicaltheoretical gap through simulated learning experiences, leveraging technology for interactive virtual labs, and fostering student engagement through collaborative projects and mentorship programs. Furthermore, the program emphasizes faculty development initiatives to enhance teaching effectiveness in online environments. The implementation of the learning recovery program holds the potential to not only address the immediate learning loss but also foster resilience and adaptability among dentistry students. By creating a supportive and engaging learning environment, the program aims to optimize student learning experiences and outcomes, ultimately ensuring the delivery of quality dental education. This study contributes to the existing literature on learning loss during the pandemic and provides practical recommendations for educational institutions, policymakers, and faculty members within the dentistry field. It underscores the importance of proactive measures to mitigate learning loss and advocates for the continuous improvement of educational practices in times of crisis.

Keywords: Learning Loss, Dentistry, Online-Learning, Learning Outcome, Practical Skills

response of Bell Pepper (Capsicum annum L) with Drip Irrigation System in Terms of its Growth and Yield Development

AURORA F. CALVERO

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-1704

auroracalvero2314@gmail.com

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Lagangilang, Abra, Philippines

Drip irrigation is becoming increasingly important in minimizing the effects of water scarcity, especially in areas with adequate rainfall. The move from surface to subsurface drip irrigation is fraught with complications. To address these difficulties, shallow subsurface drip irrigation has the potential to be an efficient drought-control technology with added benefits above traditional surface drip irrigation approaches was conducted. The objective of the study is to determine the quality response of bell pepper utilizing drip irrigation as to height, number of fruit developed, pests and diseases occurrence, and yield. Through the use of the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), Clarabel F1 variety was used in the study and treated with irrigation method and frequency. The results reveal that daily irrigation of the plant using a drip system substantially effects on the plant’s response after the week of transplanting. The daily drip irrigated tomato has more developed fruits, but they are not statistically different from other irrigation systems and frequency utilized. The data suggest four pathogens attacked the bell pepper during fruit development: blossom end rot, fusarium wilt, and leaf blight. The statistical data reveal that there is no difference in the intensity of infestation across treatments. The data suggest that three pathogens attacked the bell pepper during fruit development: anthracnose, fusarium wilt, and leaf blight. The statistical data reveal that there is no difference in the intensity of infestation across treatments. Daily irrigated bell peppers have larger yields but do not differ significantly from other plants irrigated manually or less regularly watered ones. Finally, because of the irrigation water issue and the expense of drawing water, studies reveal that drip irrigation with every other day frequency is more cost effective than daily irrigating, resulting in the same quality response and production.

Keywords: Agriculture, Drip irrigation, bellpepper, fruit development. anthracnose, fusarium wilt, and leaf blight, Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology, Philippines

In Vivo Anti-diarrheal Property of Muntingia calabura Linn. Crude Ethanol Extract in Mice

JOHN RAYMUND D. TORRES

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0095-0060

jrtorres@dmmmsu.edu.ph

Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University Philippines

The crude ethanol leaf extract of Muntingia calabura L. was studied for its anti-diarrheal activity against castor oil-induced diarrhea in male albino mice within three hours after the oral administration of the different treatments. Doses of 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg extract/kg body weight exhibited comparable effects when judged against the standard drug Imodium for time (t) = 1, 2, 3 h. The results revealed that the anti-diarrhea activity in terms of fecal count and fecal weight inhibition of 150 mg extract/kg body weight and higher doses of 250, 300 mg extract/kg body weight are as good as the control drug Imodium (3 mg/ kg bw) at the one-hour interval and for the whole duration of 3 h. This can be attributed to the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, terpenes, triterpenes, phytosterols, phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, and proteins in the leaves which are also found on other plant species with significant anti-diarrheal properties. The study, therefore, showed that M. calabura leaves can be a good source of compounds that may inhibit diarrhea.

Keywords: Anti-diarrhea, castor oil, ethanol extract, Muntingia calabura

Co-Author: Laralie M. Villa, Local Government Unit, Sudipen, La Union

A

Creative Work on a Systematic Review of Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants

MELINDA C. TAGLE

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6675-7743

mtagle@uic.edu.ph

University of Immaculate Conception Davao City, Philippines

The number of systematic reviews on Ethnobotanical medicinal plants is expanding. Still, there is work to be done regarding the homogeneity of theoretical and methodological approaches and the implications of ethnobotanical medicinal plants’ research findings for society. As the Philippines has more than 1,500 species of medicinal plants documented by traditional healers, a systematic review on systematic reviews of these medicinal plants with bio-activities is relevant. This study used a qualitative design, to include 12 systematic and narrative reviews on plants belonging to different scientific families with bioactive components and phytochemical constituents beneficial in treating infectious and non-infectious diseases. The phytochemical constituents noted were polyphenol compounds that may contain flavonoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanidins, terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, polysaccharides, and saponins. Plants’ phytochemical constituents were primarily extracted through decoction, infusion, maceration, fractionation, and juice extraction. The extraction method utilized different solvents like ethanol, methanol, water, petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform hexane, hexane, and butanol. The review revealed positive bio-activities of the reported Philippine medicinal plants that pose therapeutic benefits to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases.

Keywords: Pharmacy, Ethnobotany, bio-activities, phytochemical constituents, plant extract, Medicinal Plants, systematic review, Philippines

Soil Health Assessment on Inbred Rice Production in the Municipality of Lagangilang, Abra

FAIDJIE-ANN N. PACARDO

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8019-1086

fapacardo@asist.edu.ph

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology Philippines

This study investigates the impact of different farming systems on soil properties in Lagangilang, Abra, focusing on both physical and chemical soil attributes, as well as biological soil health indicators. The study compares the Rice-Fallow, Rice-Vegetables, Rice-Tobacco, and Rice- Rice systems to determine their effects on waterholding capacity, bulk density, aggregate stability, soi l pH, nitrogen, available phosphorus, soluble potassium, organic matter content, and soil microbial populations. Results indicate that farming systems with crop diversification, such as Rice-Tobacco and Rice-Vegetables, tend to improve water-holding capacity, aggregate stability, and organic matter content, while the Rice-Rice system, characterized by monocropping, showed signs of soil degradation, such as higher bulk density and lower microbial diversity. Significant differences in bacterial populations, including nitrogen-fixing bacteria and phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, were observed, with the Rice-Fallow system demonstrating the highest microbial counts. These findings suggest that crop rotation and fallow periods can significantly enhance soil fertility, microbial health, and overall soil structure. The study highlights the importance of sustainable farming practices that incorporate crop diversification and soil management techniques to maintain soil health and ensure long-term agricultural productivity.

Keywords: Agriculture, Soil Health, Inbred Rice, Abra, Philippines

Post-Covid Strategies of Micro Enterprises: A Basis for Strategic Enhancement

LEANIZEL E. LARA, MBA

http://orcid.org/0009-0004-6382-6771

leaniezelermitanio.lara@ucv.edu.ph University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

The COVID-19 outbreak has severely disrupted the operations and revenue sources of microenterprises in the Philippines. Microbusinesses have, therefore, had to adapt to the changing circumstances of the post-COVID world by implementing new marketing strategies based on the 7Ps: people, process, product, pricing, location, promotion, and tangible evidence. To be competitive in the post-COVID environment, microenterprises need to use these methods. This study aimed to determine the post-covid strategies of microenterprises in Lal-lo, Cagayan, for the year 2022 as a basis for strategic enhancement. A descriptivecorrelational research approach was used, utilizing a questionnaire as the research instrument in gathering the data needed from the microenterprises. The data gathered were treated using frequency, percentage, weighted mean through a Likert scale, and Pearson r. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that in response to the challenges posed by the pandemic, participants have actively embraced post-Covid strategies, with a strong consensus on implementing people mix, product mix, price mix, promotion mix, and physical evidence. In contrast, participants generally agree on the adoption of place mix and process mix. Researchers may conduct a similar study to investigate regional variations in the adoption and success of postCovid strategies among microenterprises. Also, a similar study with considerations of the additional profile considerations such as the profile of the business owner/s and other business profiles such as profitability and other financial performance measures and inferential questions such as association or correlation of the post-covid strategies and financial performance may be considered.

Keywords: Micro-enterprise, post-covid, product, place, price, promotion, process, physical evidence

Marketing Practices Among Sari-Sari Store Owners in Borongan City, Eastern Samar: Basis for Proposed Extension Program

MELICIL L. PALADA

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5816-9616

melicilpalada_essucbma@yahoo.com

Eastern Samar State University

Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

The marketing practices of sari-sari stores in Borongan City had been an important aspect, for it had shown importance in a competitive retail environment. Sari-sari stores are small-scale neighborhood convenience shops providing important components of the local economy. The objectives of the study include analyzing how extensive marketing practices were based on the 7 Ps of marketing, checking business performance in terms of daily income, and determining whether there is a relationship between perceived marketing practices and business performance. Descriptive-correlational research design was used, and data were gathered through structured survey questionnaires from 71 sari-sari store owners and 355 customers. The study examined the initial capital, years of operation, perceived marketing practices, and average daily sales performance. Findings revealed that most store owners average a moderate initial capital and long years of store operation, and their average daily income averages Php 3,411. Although Product, Place, and Process were “often practiced,” the least number of scores was received by Promotion, as it fell under the “seldom practiced” category. Correlation analysis showed no real statistical relationship between marketing practice and business performance, but other conditions might be influencing profitability. The study emphasized that sari-sari store owners must create stronger promotional strategies and vary the products for better customer involvement and business performance. The results led to the implementation of a Business Education Extension Program that focused on effective marketing practices in order to help sari-sari store owners sustain and grow their businesses in Borongan City.

Keywords: Marketing, Business Management, Sari-sari Stores, Marketing Practices, 7 Ps of Marketing, Business Performance, Promotional Strategies, Descriptive-correlational Research, Survey Questionnaires, Data Analysis, Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Sustainability Performance of SMEs in Cuenca, Batangas

CHRISTTINE

ROSALES

http://orcid.org/ 0009-0000-9995-9016

christtinerosales@gmail.com

Lipa City Colleges

Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

The study investigates the impact of CSR practices on the sustainability performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Cuenca, Batangas, Philippines. The research aims to determine the relationship between the implementation of CSR practices and firm sustainability performance, specifically focusing on environmental, economic, and social sustainability. It examines the business profiles of SMEs in terms of years of operation and number of employees, and assesses the level of CSR practices implemented in areas such as environmental contribution, social responsibility, economic responsibility, stakeholder pressure, and proactive CSR. The study utilizes a quantitative descriptive research design and employs a survey questionnaire to gather data from 111 SMEs in Cuenca. The findings suggest that SMEs in Cuenca highly practice CSR initiatives, particularly in environmental contribution, social responsibility, and economic responsibility. The study also reveals a significant relationship between economic responsibility and sustainability performance across environmental, economic, and social dimensions. The research concludes with recommendations for local government, the business community, SME owners, and future researchers to further promote CSR practices and enhance sustainability performance among SMEs in Cuenca, Batangas.

Keywords: Corporate social responsibility practices, sustainability performance, SMEs

Understanding the Financial Literacy of Sari-Sari Store Owners of Borongan City: Basis for Extension Program

DR. FILIPINA C. CARATAY

https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7458-2021

filipinacasillanocaratay@gmail.com

Eastern Samar State University Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Sari-sari stores play a vital role in the local economy, however their survival depends on the financial literacy of its owners. This study aims to understand the financial literacy of sari-sari store owners in Borongan City, to propose an extension program in enhancing financial literacy and boost business success. A descriptive-correlational research design was used to employ a survey questionnaire for the socioeconomic characteristics and the 2016 Financial Literacy Survey by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) to gather financial literacy data. This was administered to 109 sari-sari store owners in eight northern barangays of Borongan City, focusing on family budget management, life planning, financial knowledge, and appropriate use of outside expertise. The findings of the study revealed that most of the owners are middle-aged, low-income earners and undergraduates, with many seeking financial advice from family members. Respondents demonstrated competency in family budget management, however shows deficiency in life planning, financial knowledge, and appropriate use of financial expertise. Age and overall financial literacy was found to be significantly correlated negatively, which indicates that younger owners are financial literate than older ones. However, education and income showed no significant relationship to financial literacy. The results highlight the need for financial education programs, particularly among older owners and those with varying educational and income levels, to improve financial decision-making and ensuring sari-sari store’s viability.

Keywords: Financial Management, Financial Literacy, Understanding Financial Literacy of Sari-Sari Store Owners, Descriptive-Correlational Research, 2016 Bank of Japan Financial Literacy Survey, Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Co-Authors: Jay Freiderich P. Palada, Melicil L. Palada, Eastern Samar State University

Accounting-Budget Utilization System for Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center

RODANTE G. AUSTRIA

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7881-9269 nelaustria@yahoo.com.ph

Adamson University

Ermita Manila, Philippines

The primary objective of this study was to develop an Accounting-Budget Utilization System for Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center to improve financial management and accountability. Using descriptive research and a qualitative approach, the study examined existing accounting systems, conducted interviews with system developers, and collected input from government employees through focus group discussions. The proposed system integrates real-time data analytics and generates Budget and Financial Accountability Reports compliant with oversight agencies’ requirements. The results indicate that the system effectively streamlines budgeting, journal entry, and financial reporting processes, while also reducing operational costs and improving compliance. The study concluded that the developed system enhances transparency, accountability, and performance monitoring in public financial management, offering a valuable tool for improving efficiency in healthcare institutions. The research contributes to the growing field of public sector Accounting Information Systems (AIS), emphasizing the importance of data analytics in financial management.

Keywords: Accounting-Budget Utilization System, financial management, government agencies, healthcare, public sector, transparency, Amang Rodriguez Memorial Medical Center

Donor Relation and Income Diversification Strategies of a Diocese in Negros Island

CHRISTOPHER M. VILLARONTE

https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9274-6278

christophervillaronte@gmail.com

University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos Bacolod City, Philippines

Religious organizations in the Philippines face unique financial challenges, particularly dioceses heavily reliant on donations. Effective donor relations and income diversification strategies are essential for ensuring financial stability. This study investigates the financial challenges facing religious organizations in the Philippines, particularly dioceses heavily reliant on donations, by examining how a specific diocese in Negros Island can achieve financial stability. Recognizing the scarcity of empirical research on resource mobilization within the Philippine Church context, the study employs a descriptive-comparative design, surveying 128 participants (65 clergy and 63 Parish Pastoral Council members) to compare their perceptions of current donor relations and income diversification practices. Data collected through a validated and reliability-tested questionnaire assessed donor relations and the extent of income diversification beyond traditional tithing. However, significant differences emerge in their perceptions of donor funding policies, relationship management, and the overall impact of these strategies on the diocese’s organizational capacity. Notably, Parish Pastoral Council members, who are more intimately involved in the diocese’s financial management, express a higher level of confidence in the effectiveness of current strategies. This study underscores the critical need for dioceses in the Philippines to strike a balance between donor dependency and diversified income generation, ensuring both financial sustainability and operational autonomy. By analyzing the perceptions and practices within this specific diocese, the findings provide a valuable framework for improving resource mobilization and donor management practices, applicable not only to this diocese but also to other religious organizations grappling with similar financial challenges in the Philippines and beyond.

Keywords: Financial Governance in Religious Organizations, Donor Relations, Income Diversification, Negros Island, Philippines

Business-Enabling Environment as Perceived by the Kababayin-an ha Borongan City Association

HANZELLE V. OBON

http://orcid.org/0009-0007-0317-2552

hanzelleobon@gmail.com

Eastern Samar State University

Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Women entrepreneurship, a field considered to play a pivotal role in the global economy, is also being regarded as a driver of gender equality. However, various factors such as cultural values, legal frameworks, knowledge and skills, access to financing, and networking opportunities continue to hinder women in their entrepreneurial intent. This study examined the perceptions of a business-enabling environment among members of the Kababayin-an ha Borongan City Association, a women’s organization in Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines. The study is of a descriptive quantitative design. Using cluster sampling, a survey was administered to a sample of 261 respondents from 12 Barangays. Data were gathered through an in-person survey using a structured questionnaire and were analyzed through varied statistical methods, including t-test and one-way ANOVA for inferential testing. Results of the study indicate that the respondents generally perceive cultural values, legal frameworks, access to financing, knowledge and skills, and business networks as business-enabling, however, their perceptions differed when grouped according to length of membership in the association. In contrast, demographic variables such as business ownership and marital status showed no significant differences in the respondents’ perceptions. Given the extent to which these challenges are perceived by this association, the findings can provide valuable insights not only for policymakers and the local government, but also for the academe in developing policies and activities designed to strengthen women’s participation in the entrepreneurial landscape.

Keywords: Entrepreneurship, business-enabling environment, cultural values, legal frameworks, knowledge and skills, access to financing, access to business networks, quantitative research, structured questionnaire, Kababayinan ha Borongan City Association, Borongan City, Eastern Samar, Philippines

Effects of Social Networking Sites to the Work Habits of the Employees in North Eastern Mindanao State University

LOUREVILLE GILDA M. URQUIA

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3996-4005

lguurquia@nemsu.edu.ph

North Eastern Mindanao State University Cantilan, Surigao del Sur, Philippines

This study aims to determine how social networking sites affect the work habits of employees in Surigao del Sur State University, Cantilan Campus and to be able to know the advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites to the employee, and determine the needs of their jobs. Social networking sites provide innovative methods for interacting with friends through third-party applications. Simple social network sites such as MySpace, Facebook, and Bebo have attracted millions of users, many of whom have integrated these sites into their daily practices. This study is all about the effect of social networking sites to employee performance. Results of the study show that the use of social networking sites is effective to employees in terms of their job performance, communication, working relationship workplace, and organizational commitment.

Keywords: social networking sites, working habits, job performance, working relationship workplace, communication, organizational commitment

*Co-Authors: Robert P. Limpioso, Velenda R. Legazpi, North Eastern Mindanao State University

Employability Study for International Hospitality Management Graduates of 2020-2022 in One Autonomous University in the Philippines

DR. JENNIE MARGARET M. APRITADO

https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7989-1071

jmapritado@lpubatangas.edu.ph

Lyceum of the Philippines University- Batangas, Philippines

The intensifying competition within the job market has spurred universities into action, urging them to produce well-prepared graduates for employment. This study determined the employability of BSIHM graduates for the year 2020 to 2022. Specifically, it describes the employment information and status of the graduates; assesses the contribution of the program to the personal and professional growth of the graduates; describes the characteristics of the degree program taken; identifies the competencies learned that are useful in finding a job; identified the hospitality hard skills and employable skills that meet the demand of the job; and proposed an action plan as a basis for curriculum improvement. Descriptive research was utilized with 314 graduates as the respondents of the study. Google Forms was used as the primary tool for collecting data. Percentage, weighted mean, and ranking were statistical tools used to interpret and analyze the data. Based on the result, graduates got employed within 6 months after graduation with a full-time job related to hospitality. More than half of the graduates work abroad as frontliners in private organizations. The program contributed to the personal and professional growth of the graduates is improved communication /interpersonal skills. The hospitality program was characterized by teacher-student relationships and professor’s knowledge of major/ professional courses. Lastly, the hospitality and tourism skills that are useful and in demand are cooking skills, food and beverage service skills, housekeeping and events management skills while the employable skills are interpersonal, industry awareness, multi-tasking and communication skills

Keywords: Education, Hospitality Management, Employable Skills, Descriptive, Philippines

Social Media Integration Enhancement for Purposive Communication Instruction

DR. JENYLEN T. CABISO

https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9272-2805

cabisojenylen123@gmail.com

Cordova Public College

Gabi, Cordova, Cebu, Philippines

As technology continues to advance, harnessing the power of social media has become crucial for effective communication strategies in various domains, including education. This research identified and analyzed the extent of utilization of Social Media integration for teaching writing and English writing performance based on the competencies of content, organization, vocabulary, syntax/language use, and mechanics among freshmen students. It used a descriptive correlational method of research, and the data gathered were used to determine the relationship between the student’s perception and their performance. The student-respondents of the study were 279 students who were chosen based on the purposive convenience sampling. There are eight instructor-respondents who are handling the Purposive Communication subject. The findings revealed that the overall written performance of the respondents was average to good in the narrative and poor to fair in the expository. Their overall perception of the extent of utilization of Social Media integration for teaching writing is verbally described as moderately utilized. Results show a significant relationship between the respondents’ performance and perception. In light of the findings, it is concluded that the perception of the respondents on the extent of utilization of Social Media integration for teaching writing influences their writing performance. With this conclusion, it is recommended that more writing activities integrating Social Media platforms be given to enhance students’ writing skills and that learning activities which focus on writing skills be employed to improve the writing performance of the students.

Keywords: Education, Social Media Integration, descriptive correlational method, vocabulary, syntax/language use, freshmen students, Cebu, Philippines

A Tracer Study of the Graduate School Program of Non-Sectarian Private University in the Region

DR. PURA B. ANDENG

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5806-6091

pura.andeng@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

This tracer study examines the employability and career progression of graduates from the Master of Arts in Education (MAED) and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programs at a non-sectarian private university in the region, specifically the University of Cagayan Valley, for the years 2019 to 2023. Using a descriptive-correlational research design and total enumeration sampling, the study assesses graduate profiles, employment status, the relevance of the curriculum to job roles, and the competencies acquired during their studies. Findings indicate that most graduates are middle-aged, married women who prefer regular, local employment in professional roles. While many graduates earn a lower middle-income salary, they emphasize the importance of interpersonal and communication skills developed through their program. A significant difference was found in employment outcomes between MAED and PhD graduates, with PhD graduates having higher employability rates and professional advancement, supporting the Human Capital Theory. This study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the graduate curriculum and its alignment with labor market needs, serving as a foundation for ongoing curriculum improvement and the university’s mission to produce skilled and competitive graduates.

Keywords: Tracer Study, Employability, Graduate School Program, Curriculum Improvement, Human Capital Theory

Co-Authors: Albert R. Palatan, Babilyn M. Tamayao

The Impact of PACUCOA Accreditation to the Online Teaching Performance of the College Faculty Members: A Panacea for Quality Assurance

CHARLES BRYAN P. URIARTE, RPh, RN, RM, Ed.D

charlesbryan1182@gmail.com

http://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-8702-4544

Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc. Bulacan, Philippines

This study aimed to determine the impact of PACUCOA accreditation to the online teaching performance of the college faculty members assessed by their students. It is a quantitative research method using the descriptive and the inferential statistics to answer the research problems. The weighted Means (wXs) were computed to answer problem 1 and the Independent t-Test was computed to answer problem 2. The findings showed that the college faculty members performed always and most of the time on their online teaching performance in the areas/items of competence. It showed a significant difference in the assessment of students on the online teaching performance when these faculty members are grouped according to Professional and General Education Courses and grouped according to Accredited and Non-Accredited Academic Programs. The significant findings which is in favor to the Professional and Accredited Programs showed that PACUCOA Accreditation is an impact to the online teaching performance of the college faculty. Hence, in this study, PACUCOA Accreditation is a panacea for quality assurance. The output of the findings in this study, is a Sharing and Caring Circle Program Guide (SCCPG).

Keywords: PACUCOA Accreditation, Online Teaching Performance, General and Professional Education Courses, Accredited and non-Accredited Academic Programs, and Panacea.

Unraveling Anthropogenic Footprints of the Ilocanos: Drivers of Abra River Degradation

CRITINA J. BUENAFE, PhD

http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1303-5072

tinabuenafe06@gmail.com

Abra State Institute of Sciences and Technology

Philippines

This study aimed to investigate the environmental practices of the Ilocanos in the Abra River basin, which is important for the agricultural community and the identity of Abreños. The study used open-ended interview guide and personal observations at six sampling stations to collect data from 160 respondents who were mainly farmers, housekeepers and fishermen belonging to the marginalized sector. The respondents engaged in different practices on river use, including domestic, industrial, recreational, and agricultural activities such as laundry, bathing, swimming, watering of plants, washing of vehicles, picnics, bamboo rafting, bathing of animals, fishing, and irrigating crops, raising livestock, and quarrying. Thematic analysis was used to determine the practices of the Ilocanos that causes the Abra River degradation. The study identified several activities, including washing clothes, putting up picnic grooves during summer season, piggeries built near the river, and uncontrolled throwing, burrowing, and burning of garbage near the river, which led to high level of nitrates, phosphates, and fecal coliform found in the water beyond the WQG’s standards for clean rivers.

Keywords: Agricultural, Anthropogenic, degradation, domestic, industrial, recreational

Samut-saring Iisa: A Phenomenological Study of LGBTQIA+ CTE Science Major Students Towards Gender-Sensitivity Approach in Teaching

JON PATRICK R. ESPIRITU

http://orcid.org/0000-0000-0000-0000

Jonpatrickespiritu@gmail.com

President Ramon Magsaysay State University – Main Campus, Iba, Zambales, Philippines

This study delves into the experiences of LGBTQIA+ CTE Science Major students at President Ramon Magsaysay State University, focusing on the gender-sensitive teaching approaches. This research aimed to understand how educational strategies shape students’ perceptions of inclusivity and bias in their classroom environments. Using a qualitative, phenomenological research approach coupled with interpretive research design, interviews with six participants revealed mixed results: some note improvements in teacher attitudes and curricular inclusiveness. In contrast, others continue to face significant challenges in the recognition and integration of diverse gender identities. The findings indicate that, although gender-sensitive teaching has started to positively affect classroom dynamics, substantial efforts in ongoing education, policy refinement, and cultural change are necessary to fully embrace and celebrate gender diversity within academic settings. This study enriches the broader discussion on LGBTQIA+ inclusion in education and provides valuable recommendations for enhancing pedagogical and administrative practices to ensure truly inclusive educational experiences.

Keywords: Education, Gender-Sensitivity, Educational strategies, Classroom dynamics, Thematic Analysis, Zambales, Philippines

Budgeting

Strategies of Financial Management Students: A Basis for Investment Decision

RANDY R. PERALTA, DBM

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8681-1936

rperalta@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

Students’ investing choices and budgeting techniques need to be taken into consideration. This is crucial because, in order to make wise financial decisions and understand the potential effects these decisions may have on their lives, students need to understand the principles of decision-making. Students should consider various elements that could influence their decision-making, as they may not always make logical decisions. This study aimed to assess the budgeting strategies of the financial management students of the School of Business Administration and Governance for the academic year 2022-2023 as a basis for investment decisions. This study utilized a mixedmethods research design to enhance its analysis. The descriptive quantitative analysis served as the research design of the study, requiring gathering information to test hypotheses or find answers about the subject of the study, resulting in reliance on information about the participants’ budgeting strategies. The financial management students use narrative-qualitative analysis to discuss the problems and challenges they encounter through openended questions. The participants of the study were the financial management students at the University of Cagayan Valley. Frequency and percentage counts and T-tests were used to treat the data. Based on the findings of the study, it can be concluded that the 50/30/20 budget and envelope budgeting methods emerge as effective tools for fostering disciplined spending habits among participants, and by combining these approaches, individuals can manage their money strategically and practically. The researcher suggests that future researchers address alternative demographic characteristics that may influence budgeting techniques among financial management students, as current findings imply that gender and year level may not be major contributors.

Keywords: Budgeting, budgeting strategies, envelope strategies, investment, 50/30/20 budget, Financial Management

Gender-Based Analysis of Speaking Style in Junior High School Students’

SAVIRA ZANIAR

https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6701-887X

savira@unusa.ac.id

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya

Surabaya, Indonesia

This study explores the gender-based differences in speaking styles among junior high school students, focusing on how gender influences communication patterns, language use, and verbal expression. Drawing on data collected from a sample of students in various schools, the research examines how boys and girls exhibit distinct speaking styles in formal and informal settings. The study identifies patterns in vocal tone, vocabulary choices, and sentence structure, highlighting how societal norms and gender roles shape students’ communicative behaviors. The findings suggest that while both boys and girls (students) display diverse speaking styles, gender significantly impacts their approach to self-expression, with boys often using more assertive language and girls demonstrating greater emotional expressiveness. This analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of the intersection between gender and language use in educational contexts, offering insights into how these differences can be leveraged to enhance classroom communication, promote inclusive teaching strategies, and support the development of both genders’ linguistic competencies. The study also raises important questions about how gendered expectations influence students’ confidence and participation in academic discussions.

Keywords: Gender-based analysis, speaking style, junior high school students, communication patterns, language use, gender roles, education

Learning Styles of the High Academic Achievers in the Teacher Education Program: An Assessment

ALBERT R. PALATAN, LPT, MST

http://orcid.org/0009-0000-5227-2188

albertranjo.palatan@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

This study investigated the learning styles of high academic achievers in the Teacher Education Program at the University of Cagayan Valley for the School Year 2023-2024. It aimed to assess the learning style preferences of high academic achievers and examine their influence on academic achievement. Utilizing a descriptivecomparative-correlational research design, the study collected data from 31 high academic achievers with a General Weighted Average (GWA) of at least 90. Data were analyzed using the Barsch Learning Style Inventory (BLSI). The findings revealed that the majority (70.97%) favored a visual learning style, 19.35% preferred an auditory learning style, and 3.33% preferred a mixed learning style. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in learning styles based on age and program enrollment, but a significant difference was observed between male and female students. The academic achievement of the high achievers was found to be proficient, with a mean GWA of 91.82. However, no significant relationship was found between learning style preferences and academic performance. These results imply that the learning style of high academic achievers does not directly impact their academic success, suggesting that other factors may influence high academic performance. This study contributes to understanding how high achievers in teacher education programs engage with different learning styles. It underscores the need for personalized teaching approaches to enhance student outcomes.

Keywords: Learning styles, High-academic achievers, Academic Achievement, Visual, Auditory, Kinesthetic/ Tactile

Co-Authors: Mary Ann A. Pascua, Jennifer B. Coballes

Best Practices and Factors Affecting the Release of Educational Subsidies in Selected Private Higher Education Institutions in Lipa City, Batangas

DANNA B. MEDRANO

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4838-5996

medranodanna17@gmail.com

Lipa City Colleges

Lipa City, Batangas, Philippines

Government assistance can play a crucial role in alleviating the economic barriers to tertiary education. Governments can provide need-based grants and merit-based scholarships to reduce the financial burden on students. These funds do not need to be repaid, making them highly beneficial for low-income students. Government-funded work-study programs allow students to earn money through part-time jobs while attending school, helping them cover their expenses without interfering significantly with their studies. Governments can subsidize the cost of tuition for students, particularly those from low-income backgrounds, reducing the overall cost of attendance. Implementing policies that make community college tuition-free can provide a pathway to higher education for many students who might not otherwise afford it. Enforcing caps on tuition increases and regulating fees can help control the rising cost of higher education. This study was to determine the major factors affecting the release of different tertiary education subsidy programs in the majority, if not all, private higher institutions in the city of Lipa. Furthermore, it was to create a contingency plan to address delays in the tertiary education subsidies. This study covered the factors affecting the delays in the release of different tertiary education subsidies in schools in Lipa City, Batangas S.Y. 2023- 2024. This was also be limited to the best practices of the higher education institutions that can address the delays on the release of different tertiary education subsidies. The results of this study were the basis of propose contingency plan to permanently reduce delays on education subsidies in the city.

Keywords: Need-based grants, merit-based scholarships, work-study

Disaster Town Watching Integrating Drone Technology: Towards Stronger Community Resilience

ORLANDO C. TURINGAN JR.

http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2983-2727

orlando.turingan@ucv.edu.ph

University of Cagayan Valley

Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines

Disaster town watching (DTW) using drone technology is a novel way to raise disaster awareness and risk reduction. DTW has been proven to be an effective and valuable tool to enhance disaster awareness and information sharing among community members. This study was conducted at Barangay Cataggaman Viejo Tuguegarao City, Philippines, on April 2023. As a participatory and collaborative method, local stakeholders work together to better understand their community in terms of hazards that their community is exposed to and their vulnerabilities and capacities in dealing with such risks. Workshops cum Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 48 participants. The researchers were facilitators in the thematic data analysis, with the participants doing the analysis. Three groups walked through their neighborhoods, and another group used a drone to capture images of particular interest to the community. They jointly make observations from a disaster viewpoint. As a result, local stakeholders gained a deeper understanding of their community’s current advantageous and disadvantageous conditions. They provided a valuable basis for determining self-help, mutual help solutions, and opportunities for building community disaster resilience. Overall, this research contributes to the advancement of disaster management practices by demonstrating the practical benefits of integrating modern technology with community-based approaches, enhancing both the accuracy of disaster assessments and the engagement of local populations.

Keywords: Resilience, disaster town watching, DTW, drone technology, AUV

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

SESSION JUDGES

Dr. Orbel M. Canoy

Lipa City Colleges

Dr. Sawitri Suwanaroa

Rajamagala University Of Technology Lanna, Tak Campus Thailand

Dr. Lilia M. Tamayao

University Of Cagayan Valley, Vice President For Research, Planning & Development

Dr. Celso P. Resueño, Jr.

Chairperson, MA-English Department, Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology rcelso72@yahoo.com | 09560168442

Dr. Marebel Dela Cruz

Lipa City Colleges

Dr. Djuwari

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Indonesia

Prof. Leila M. Valero

Bulacan State University - Meneses Campus

Atty./Dr. Julie M. Binaldo-Velasco

Research And Extension Coordinator, Benguet State University

Dr. Dina Catalina C. Dayon

Lipa City Colleges

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE

2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

SESSION JUDGES

Dr. Charles Bryan P. Uriarte

VP for Academic Affairs, Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Dr. Avegail T. Paez

Associate Professor, Bulacan State University

Dr. Evangeline P. Jamili

Dean, CBA, Saint Paul School of Professional Studies

Dr. Ariel B. Mabansag

Associate Professor V/ BSED Program Chairperson, Samar State University

Dr. Gabriel G. Uriarte

School President, Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Dr. Kristine Lovele E. Navarrete

Head, Extension Services, Eastern Visayas State University - Ormoc Campus

Dr. Joseph Agbuya Villarama

Central Luzon State University

Dr. Tichie Ann E. Baena

Dean, Graduate School, St. Paul University Dumaguete

Dr. Sultana Alam

Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia

Dr. Glen C. Cagurangan

Research Director, University of Cagayan Valley

5th International Virtual Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

SESSION JUDGES

Dr. Analiza G. Taberdo

Professor 6/ Head, General Education Division

Philippine Merchant Marine Academy

Prof. Rodel E. Cahilig

Research Director, Colegio de San Gabriel Arcangel, Inc.

Dr. Armando Hisuan Jr.

Central Philippine University

Dr. Christina Dionisio-Vicencio

Bulacan State University-Meneses Campus

Dr. Joel M. Bual

College Research Coordinator, University of Antique - Main Campus

Dr. Nikko C. Catarina

University of San Jose – Recoletos

Cheryll M. Sabaldana, DM

Campus Head, Bukidnon State University (BukSU) Alubijid Campus

Dr. Charline Nixon

Collegiate Professor, University of Maryland Global Campus Germany

Dr. Christopher S. Vicencio

Bulacan State University- Meneses Campus

Prof. Kryslen Serona-Benelizo

Assistant Professor 1, Bukidnon State University

5th International Virtual

Conference on Interdisciplinary Research in Higher Education (IVCIRHE 2024)

ZOOM Video Teleconferencing | December 4-6, 2024

SESSION JUDGES

Dr. Jeffrey R. Ballaret

West Visayas State University

Dr. Jonel P. Lanada

Chair, Social Science Department, Professor III, West Visayas State University

Dr. Dionisio E. Briñosa

Associate Professor I, Mindoro State University

Engr. John Joshua F. Montañez, MEng

Bicol State College of Applied Sciences and Technology