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Annual Magazine of International House, Brisbane Volume 4, October, 1970

INTERNATIONAL”

Registered in Australia for transmission by post as a periodical.

Phone 5 2765

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KAN Y AN A ’70

The Annual Magazine o f International House, Brisbane Volume 4, October, 1970

E d ito r : Peter K e d it S e c re ta ry : M e rily n R ossiter C irc u la tio n M anager: W in n i K iap

A s s is ta n t E d ito r : Sue Ruscoe A s s is ta n t S ecre tary : C laudia U n d e rw o o d S pecial A s s is ta n t: K a th ry n B urnside

E d ito ria l .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

3 K anyana C olu m n ....................................................................................

5 Man th e P hilosop her 9 Man th e A n im a l ...................................................................................

11 Man the H is to ria n ...................................................................................

13 Man the P o litic ia n ...................................................................................

15 Poems .... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

17 Six-Legged S c ie n c e ............................................................................................

18 A n t-h ills —poem ............................................................................................

19 Is Grass the A nsw er? .... ............................................ ....

20 Poems .........................................................................................................

21 Russian H o lid a y ............................................................................................

22 The S p irit o f G o to n g R o jo n g .................................................................

23 A fg h a n ista n .........................................................................................................

24 Realism , Idealism , and F a n ta s y .......................................................................

25 1970 A l b u m .................................................................................................

26-27 M em ories—poem .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

28 M irro r Image—poem .... ................. .... .... ....

29 R eview and R e n e w ............................................................................................

30 In Search o f an Id e n tity ................. .... .... .... ....

31 In te rn a tio n a l H ouse—A F a re w e ll—p o e m ....................................................

32 T h ro u g h th e L o o k in g Glass S u p ra N a tio n a l House ..............................................................................

35 S entim ents o f a F ru s tra te d T r a ffic L is te n e r—poem .........................

36 I.H . S tu d e n ts ' A c tiv itie s ...............................................................................

37 P resident's R e p o rt ............................................................................................

38 A lu m n i News Poems S ports N e w s .........................................................................................................

41 Social N otes ............................... .... .... .... ....

50 A c k n o w le d g e m e n ts ............................................................................................

51 I.H . Brisbane 1 9 7 0 —P h o to g r o u p .................................................................

52 I.H . Brisbane S tu d e n ts ' D ir e c t o r y ......................................................... Inside Back C over

P eter K e d it P rofe ssor Z e lm a n Co wen Dr. G len M c B rid e P rofe ssor G o rd o n G re e n w o o d P rofe ssor C o lin Hughes B. M. M a li p a ti I P. K e d it A . J. O lo w o k e re J. W arby S. I. Jo M. H. R a h m a ti S. K. R ay C. L o b e g e ir T. Soo I. M. B. C rib b H. F. H o A . Kanesin S. Ruscoe G. M a n tle S. Ruscoe

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K. B urn sid e J. H irsch 40 D. B aguley C. U n d e rw o o d

P hoto gra phs sup p lie d by I.H . P h o to g ra p h ic C lu b , N .Q . D uc, K . R etn am , J. W arb y, P. W ong, P. K e d it C artoons: Bruce P e tty , S tu a rt MacCrae A r tw o r k : S oem ardjo , P. K e d it

Views expressed in th is m agazine m a y n o t necessarily be th a t o f the S tu d e n ts ' C lub. A H c o p y rig h ts fo r signed a rtic le s are reserved b y the respective authors.

KANYANA

1970

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KANYANA ’70

Editorial

Prof. Cowen

Dr. McBride

IN T H IS AG E OF M cLUHAN, where "the medium is the message", every new institution, new movement, or indeed new fad, demands its proper vehicle of expression.

This desire to communicate and express different messages and ideals creates an endless proliferation of new magazines into the scene. Most of these magazines come to a speedy and fated end. It takes, therefore, a good deal of courage, or at least bravade, to launch into an arena of "lost-causes", and journalistic grave yard.

Four years ago when KA N YAN A made the scene, it was with some trepidation that it tried to "shift away from the usual college magazines, ‘dealing almost entirely with internal college activities. . . " and committed itself to "provide a means whereby we can express the ideals and opinions nurtured elsewhere and as a result of meeting and living at International House".

The acid test has been taken, and KA N YA N A has justified its birth. It has not only survived, but has managed to improve with every new issue. We hope this volume is a testimony to its success and commitment. *

Prof. Hughes

Prof. Greenwood

1. M. B. Cribb

Kathryn Burnside

KANYANA

Jean Warby 1970

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MAN, the homo sapien, because of his sapientia has such enduring and insatiable fascination to know his own kind.

He is the only animal that is obsessed with its own uniqueness. It is therefore, our innate failing, living as we are in this institution with its ideal of brotherhood, to want to know whether there is such a homo spaien as "Man International".

The four main articles for this issue enquire into this hypothetical question; they come from papers read in the annual seminar in June. Each author looks into this question from the point of view of his own or related discipline. Vice-Chancellor Cowen offers "some random observations about man and his nature, his place in society, and, man in communication with man", as his general philosophical answer to the problem. "Man the Animal", is the title of Dr. McBride's paper, in which he argues for the development of man's innate affiliative skill to create bonding relationships between individuals, between groups, and between nations. "If man is to have a future," Dr. McBride states, " . . . (then) perhaps we should try to be animals bent on survival". Professor Greenwood in his discipline traces the historical process of man, from an "entirely local to a more regional situation", to an international field where the growth of technology creates the concept of power.. . and thus, conflicts between nations. "Power and conflict", breaks into the field of "Man the Politician", such as in Man's power to dominate, to influence or to co-operate. *

James Hirsch

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Do you know that, proportionately, the beetle is 425 times as strong as an elephant?—well, this is the claim put forth by our entomologist from India, M. B. Malipatil. In Page 3

H. F. Ho

O. J. Olowokere

Sue Ruscoe

M. B. Malipatil

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his "w onderful w o rld " of "Six-legged Science", extols the achievements o f these creatures, and warns Man that " i f he wants to lead a successful life, he has to struggle hard with these wonderful six-legged creatures". For Joe Olowokere, It's a different matter entirely, he raises the slxty-dollar question, "Is Grass the Answer?". The argument goes this way— Man needs protein to survive, cow gives protein, cow eats grass, therefore, grass is vital to Man's survival. If grass is the answer, then It's always greener on the other side of the fence; So It seems, fo r Jean Warby In her "Russian H oliday" . . . where we are told Russians "generally had a warmth and sincerity similar to that o f country people in Australia, but w ith more verve and drier wits. Whereas in Indonesia, the essence o f village life is the feeling of strong solidarity, which Is expressed In a "S p irit of Gotong Royong" (by S. I. Jo) "The Cross road o f Cultures and Conquest", Is how Hussain Rahmati describes his country— "Afghanistan". For those o f us who wish to indulge In "mental gymnastics". Salii Ray's "Realism, Idealism, and Fantasy", makes good bed-time reading.

In case reading lengthy articles gives you eyestrain, there are, scattered throughout the magazine a number of poems— I.H. apparently has quite a number of budding poets, most of whom prefer to remain anonymous to the extent of slipping their poems under Magazine Co. members doors at 2.30 a.m. and then beating a hasty retreat!

More particularly, on the subject of our living abode itself: there is our Warden's review o f the progress of International House, Brisbane, since Its establishment almost six years ago. Mr. Cribb gives a worthwhile appraisal of its present character and 'peeps' into the future somewhat. President K.B. gives a feminine evaluation of I.H. Brisbane and realistically examines the House's ideals and opportunities "fo r facing the shock o f new, foreign and often uncongenial ideas w ithin an invironment of goodw ill". She concludes w ith a resume of 1970 activities of our "meeting place"!

Is it more than just a place to which nice sounding platitudes can be addressed? Ho's critique provides Interesting and controversial reading on this vital question.

Or fo r a Gallup Poll of the opinions and attitudes of the fo ur Australian International Houses see what you can see thru Sue Ruscoe's "Looking Glass". According to Godfrey Mantle's article, this House should be called Supra-national House, not what It Is at present; an argument In semantics perhaps "What's in a name, a rose Is but a rose . . . "b u t an interesting one at any rate!

Finally, beginning this selection of articles on International House Is KAN YAN A's Column. Sit on the fro n t steps of college w ith a cuppa tea and screen In on P.K.'s "m in d " movie, and see "the mysteries of the world and the wonder that would be". in

KANYANA

1970

K A N Y A N A '70

Column PERHAPS IT IS THE STRUCTURE OF THE PLACE, or the unfinished surroundings o f I.H. that there is no 'escape' where one can sip-a-cup-of-tea to get away from the din o f after-meal conversations. But, over the years . . . nearly f o u r . . . I've discovered a spot where I can relatively 'escape' and 'sw itch-off' from the crowd. This is the fro n t steps.

With its six long slabs of veneered marble steps, and iron railings, it's just another fron t entrance— never an imposing portal, this entrance to I.H. Brisbane. Climbing up steps before going through the tw o glass doors, one couldn't but notice the plaque declaring that I.H. was opened by Senator, The Honourable J. G. Gorton on the 5th Day of June 1965. Since then, many a thousand pairs of native feet from diverse lands have trodden on them. The natives have moved in-and-out. . . stepped up it to be welcomed; run down it to say 'good-bye'. . . and many a moment of joy, also sadness in parting have been witnessed on its cold marble. If only the steps could talk, what interesting tales they could tell.

But fo r me the steps have been a reasonably comfortable bench, and a place for blissful solitude. Sitting, crouched Mexican-style, w ith knees bent to the chin, I would switch-on my mind's movie. Once it focused on the greenery of Andy's garden— its succulents prickly and firmed; then, swerved to the left where Zaki's blue bomb was parked . . . more to the left the purple flowers bloomed . . . a flash of that bedevilling smile . . . the screen played on while I sipped my cup of tea. My zoomed lens penetrated through the branches o f the poinciana tree, over to the houses on the hill; to the right beyond the regimental hall to Mt. Cootha, where the four T.V. towers soared to the dark clouds . . . swerved to the right, cars moved on St. Lucia Road. Cars kept flowing on. Twice, my camera framed a close-up on hundreds of people, crowds of marching feet treading towards the city. The sound-effect of screeching tyres of Paul's Ice-cream van broke the silence. Flash on-and-off the scenarios of meaningless, un-natural play of life kept on, while I sipped my tea.

The echoes of my mind . .. each scene on the screen . . . the mosaic o f experience . . . all tell their unmistakable portent o f despair. What if it's true?

Alternatively, what could be done? In this un-natural state all things need essentially be transient. Man makes himself.

But the environment moulds him. He makes history but at the same time is made by history. Life is a process: an adaption of the environment. People crowd the environment. They make their scenes . . . flashing on like a T.V. programme, sometimes commercials, sometimes war-movies, but most times entertaining, it has to be . . . or else change the channel.

KANYANA

1970

IT W AS DURING ONE OF THESE SITTIN G S-O N -TH E-STEPS-SIPPING-TEA, THAT IT CAME TO MY MIND TO WRITE THIS COLUMN. There I was, quietly doing my thing— scanning the horizon before me, when I was interrupted by the uproar coming over the fence from our m ilitary neighbour. And before me it happened. The radical students were 'invading' and occupying the C.M.F. hall. They went on a rampage; and before long our neighbour's compound was a mess of papers, torn books . . . etc. . . . However, their fun didn't last long, and there was a hastened, most unceremonious retreat, over the fence, and oops! onto our garden.

"H o w dare they step on our garden! " Our residents made their feelings fe lt w ith subsequent actions, and reactions, but alas, our confrontation w ith the radicals on our garden ended "unscratched and unbruised".

Now you may ask: "W hat has all this crap got to do w ith I.H. Brisbane?" Hold on . . . Wait a sec.— IT SEEMS TO ME; that student radicalism on this campus has some relevance to us. Not in the direct sense that we are participants or exponents of its cause, more subtlety, as it were, in keeping w ith the "sp irit of the age". I shall discuss this phenomena later, but at this juncture, let it be said clearly that I am not playing the role of the "devil's advocate", whatsoever, or the unwitting propogandist o f this or that "revolutionary cause". I am merely having a 'dialogus' on what I believe should concern all of us who are committed to the ideal of 'the brotherhood of man'.

Like a last ripple on a placid pool, the radicals on our compound brought the reality o f 'unrest' and dissent from the campus to our very doorstep. We are members o f a wider university community, hence any happenings on campus would affect us. The discussion and rhetoric to which some of us listen at forums, the pamphlets that we read at coffee-breaks, and books like "U p the Right Channels", all contribute invariably to the realization that we have certain common interests w ith 'life ' on campus.

Even to those o f us who belong to the 'silent m ajority' cannot escape but notice the front-page news and T.V. coverage of student demonstrations and happenings on campus.

Student radicalism in the '60's is a world-wide phenomena. Variations in style and actions occur from country to country because of history and needs of different cultural institutions. But there are some common elements in its ideals and demands for reform. The British sociologist, Edward Shil, said the grievance of students in Europe and America should be seen in the light o f— "the growth o f affluence, growth of the number of university students, the lag o f facilities behind numbers; the large size Page 5

o f many universities; the trends in the development of the idea o f the expanding self; the war in Vietnam; consensus politics of the major parties . . . " all these are common to almost all Western countries, including Australia.

Shil also noted that in the ideals o f students' demands, there is "really the romantic hunger fo r Gemeinschaft" (community living), which is manifested in such catch-cries as "stu d e n t power", "participatory democracy", "com m unitarian". In their views of life, society, and university the rebellious students wish to be rid of all remnants o f the institutions which embody the principle of in loco parentis (in place of parents). In other words, they are for individualism and against any form of authoritarianism that w ill stultify this expression.

By giving you this rather flimsy background of student radicalism I've tried to convey the 'common elements' of the prevailing 'spirit of the age' of the present student generation. Insofar as that common element of questioning the inadequate and antiquated institutions prevailing in today's universities are shared by Australian students and their counter-parts in America and Europe, it is cogent to suggest that the changes sought by some residents of I.H. Brisbane is related to this 'spirit o f the age'. But, I am not implying here that these people are 'radicals', revolutionaries or what someone has called them, "self-styled political opportunists" bent at disrupting the students' club. What I am trying to do is to find some reasons fo r the reformist tendency in college that asked for (i) The abolition of the wearing academic gowns at formal tea and (ii) the reform of International House Students' Club structure.

A dm ittedly the controversy over the abolition of gowns has been going on since this place was started, but it would be right to argue that it is only this year that issues such as these came to be taken seriously, both by the residents and the 'establishment'. The consequences of this desire for change resulted in two unprecendented actions (which have never even happened in the wildest dreams of past residents, and, in this sense, they're revolutionary). These are the referendum on the gown issue conducted by the Warden and students' body; and the setting up of a body of inquiry to investigate the structure and running o f the Students' Club w ith the view of recommending any alternatives to the present system.

The result of the referendum indicates that the majority o f those who voted preferred to retain the wearing of academic gowns fo r formal dinner. (81 voted "Y es", 27

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"N o "). Though this is a victory fo r the "silent m ajority" it is not a defeat for the reformists who feel that the referendum proved one thing— that "participatory democracy" could be practised in I.H. With regard to the investigating committee to look into the reform of the students' club, there are reasons for optimism amongst those who seek for change. The reasons for change, as I gather, are not so much "change for change's sake" but are parallel to the feeling for a new-look and a re-instatement of what International House, as a university institution stands for.

The aims and failings of I.H. have been discussed in past issues of Kanyana, as well in other columns of this issue, so I shall not delve into them again; suffice here for me to merely state that International House, since the building of the first House in New York in 1920, has been run along the lines of a hall o f residence.

What this means is the break-away from the hang-ups of the so-called Oxford-Cambridge tradition, w ith its medieval trappings o f academic gowns and "beer-girls-boys-footy" syndrome; and an end to the harping on the nebulous "College-spirit" w ith its stress on social and sporting activities. Colleges should be an integral part of the university community and contribute to its social, intellectual and cultural life— not polarise themselves in a group of their own. It is a paradox of college living that while we are living on campus, we are so cut o ff from the happenings and goings-on there. For example, while important discussion and meetings are held at university during lunch time, we are not present because we are at lunch at college.

Given the unique heritage o f our institution w ith its aims and values, the human potentialities living here, and our still-growing physical environment, I think, we should be optim istic of the future role of I.H. in this university.

Depending on the circumstances that shall prevail, the future residents of I.H. w ill have to decide either to continue the change that some of us have generated or to maintain the system. I don't know, fo r I am not Tennyson, who " . . . dipt into the future as far as human eye could see.

Saw the mysteries of the world and the wonders that would be." • P.K.

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KANYANA

1 970

International H o u s e , B risb an e 1970 S e m in a r

“ M AN IN TE R N A TIO N A L”

MAN

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KANYANA

1970

MAN the PHILOSOPHER

by Professor Zelman Cowen, Vice-Chancellor, University o f Queensland.

I want, if you like, to offer some random observations about man and his nature, his place in society, and man in communications with man.

I suppose one of the things which perplexes me all the time is that Man realises for years that he is limited. Even though one sees a lot of people, goes to a lot of places, one is limited by the horizons of one's own experience of one's own culture, which is true even within one's own society.

"THE THINKING MAN" When I talk about Man am I really only talking about the sort of man that I am, the sort of man who would be likely to relate to an audience like this because it comes to things like this. But a man, If he starts talking like this to a different group, w ill not even be listened to simply because the matter is o f no Interest, the matter is of no concern. There Is no communication because there is no common point of reckoning. I suppose one finds out very rapidly that this is true w ithin the narrower societies—the society of the city, let alone the society o f the state or nation and beyond that to Man International.

O n e asks th e q u e stio n : " I s th e re a M an In t e r n a t io n a l? " B u t are

we able effectively to communicate with one another and do things for one another. Can we reach out, across a sea, a Great Divide, and work together in a meaningful, cooperative way. I know that lots of people have asked this sort of question when they themselves have been engaged in aid programmes, in technical cooperatives and the like. The whole thing starts w ith excitement, much commitment and much concern and then the carrying out is very often a terribly frustrating, backbiting, d ifficu lt sort o f business. Perhaps something is achieved, perhaps nothing is achieved. One comes back frustrated.

This is said w ith a very real concern for the question which we are at at the present time. How does man relate to man across the boundaries o f different customs, o f different attitudes to all sorts of things? Is the sort o f exercise that we are involved in in International cooperation a meaningful and worthwhile exercise?

Have we got to go back and start again? Should we shrug our shoulders, say we can't do it, and there is so much to do at home, where we can do it, that the proper thing is to cultivate our own gardens. It may be the counsel o f semi-despair or maybe the counsel of the greatest effectiveness, because we can do the most effective things w ith people who are like ourselves and who work according, to our own standards.

KANYANA

1970

I don’t assert that as a proposition. I raise that as a question and I think that in an International House it is a very important question because a number o f those here who come from Africa, and Asia w ill ultimately find themselves betwixt and between because when they go home they are neither one thing or another. They have themselves a very considerable ambivalence. They are, as it were, pulled apart by such matters as I've been talking about. How does Man communicate in this sense?

Then I would like to say something rather different from all this, about man and his nature, about Man and his organisation.

Before I was a student, before I was a law student, I was a student in a more humane field perhaps, and I used to read the political philosophers—Locke, Hobbs, Mills, Benthan, Rousseau. I read so many and one of the things that struck me as I read each man was that he was right, and then, as I read the next, he was right, and then the next, he was right also. I suppose that happens when one gets presented w ith a variety o f views about the nature o f man and what must be done about it.

I have not done any systematic study in this field fo r a very long time, but let me take the view propounded by Thomas Hobbes, that Man's only assurance of freedom from destruction or a savage and precarious life is the assurance of a commital o f power or a commital o f authority to an absolute ruler, because left to himself in the state of nature, man tears his brother apart. Man, "homino homimo lupus", "Man is a w olf to Man" and unless the bridle of labryinth is pushed upon man, then his life w ill be what it was, poor, nasty, fruitless and short. Is that the proper view o f man? Is it the proper view that the only way in which man can be saved this prospect of desolation is the commital of power to a labryinth which by his very authority w ill assure man protection from his fellow man.

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As one sees some aspects of human life, it seems that Hobbes has a point. I suppose there are Hobbesian elements in our society. I suppose that one would agree pretty stoutly w ith William Golding in "The Lord of the Flies". It may be true that ultimately there is something very savage about us, that we may tear each other apart. I like not to think this is so. In my political thinking I like to have a different view about man, that man can co-exist w ithout the need for a labryinth to dominate.

Then I read another view which gave the State a very considerable authority over man but based upon a somewhat different premise— the notion that man apart from his life is not necessarily a savage in the Hobbesian sense but is solitary and incapable of finding himself, he is incapable of giving full moral expression, (whatever that may mean) to his nature. It is only by his idendification with the State, involvement with the State, his assignment to his station in the State and the proper performance of his duties to the State that he becomes a free man. Man only become free in the service o f the State. But a man, in obeying the laws of the State, may be forced to be free.

I grew up as an undergraduate in a time when this view was being given expression in fascist organisations, I find that view intolerable.

I find that view of freedom utterly unacceptable. The notion that a man finds his only expression as a man in his identification w ith the State is ultimately as unacceptable to me as is the Hobbes Theory.

On the other hand, the views of people like Locke, in his way, and John Stuart Mill in another, that man is a rational animal, that the State is not necessary, is something that I believe. I see the State as serving the purpose of rational man. It is an instrument of convenience in which man lives a life in which the meaning of freedom is still absent of restraint. Although, of course, the very nature of the State and the very imposition o f the law and the authority of the State imposes on man obligations. Those obligations and those requirements to comply are not themselves freedom, although they are assurance of security. I see freedom as meaning absence of restraint and I see the consequence of that, that the onus is always upon the State, the onus is always upon political societies to demonstrate the need fo r this or that particular intrusion upon the freedom o f the individual. My view of man is that of the liberal democrat.

But society exists to allow man to do "his own thin g", provided

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to create his own heaven or his own hell in his own way, and I have to believe that all of this predicated upon the assumption that man is a rational animal, that man is an animal who benefits by the field of the sort that I have attempted to speak about.

A t the heart of my view o f man rests the notion that he is a rational animal capable o f working out his own destiny, that political society should be so organised that it provides the opportunity for a man to work out his own destiny, that it leaves to him and assures to him the basic freedoms o f speech, thought, association and religion which I think essential to the meaningful life o f the rational man.

I go back finally to the point which I was speaking about a little earlier. My concern is w ith whether one is not blinkered by one's own experience and when one fashions a system, when one fashions a definition of the essential character of man, one is so much blinkered by the place in society, the education, the attitude, the outlook that one has. One is startled when one sees a great mass of mankind whom the label does not apply to very clearly, because their interests, their values, their involvements, their commitments, or the lack o f such, don't seem to f it the description. And I say that as we look beyond the limits of our own territorial society defined by our city, state, or nation one finds that the problem is that much more acute. One finds that the problem o f communication, the problem o f shared values is that much more a d ifficu lt problem and one then asks the question— "What is Man International?"

What is it that we've meant of all races, of all times? One can understand how we can share the horror of the experience of a common tragedy— a Peruvian earthquake, a Biafran killing and one can feel very deeply for other human beings who suffer these ghastly miseries, these ghastly privations. But is that enough— the sense of a common safety, a common security? Aren't the real problems o f Man Universal, or Man International, problems which go beyond compassion in disaster of this sort? Aren't these real problems those of bridging so that we can cooperate effectively, so we can reach a meeting o f minds, so that we can work together constructively?

My own experience is that this is a more formidably d ifficu lt thing and perhaps we would be well to explore this before we really come to a successful and meaningful resolution o f what is meant in the notion, "Man International".

ra

KA NY A NA

1970

MAN the ANIM AL

by Dr. Glen McBride, Animal Behaviour Unit, Department o f Psychology, University o f Queensland.

WE SEE MAN AS AN A N IM A L, in the organisation o f his body, it has physically and reproductively, as a primate, evolved along w ith other primates from some common stock. But here we normally leave our animal heritage, and emphasize that man is a very special kind of animal. For we see our social and intellectual world as something quite distinct from the other animals.

I shall not deny that man is a very special kind o f animal, indeed no other animal could discuss this problem. Yet our special qualities will be dealt w ith by the other three speakers, so I shall ignore them, to concentrate on our behavioural and social systems which mark us as a very normal animal. Moreover, I shall try to show that in our everyday lives we differ, from the behaviour o f other species, but only quantitatively; indeed many of the very qualities we regard as distinctively human are extremely widespread throughout the animal kingdom.

Let me start w ith the structure of our societies. Most commonly we find a pair unit w ith offspring, usually aggregated into colonies of various sizes, with homes where people sleep, while they go elsewhere to work to obtain food. The pattern is a very common one, called colonial nesting specially in birds. Each pair takes up a separate territory for resting and family care, and move out o f the colony area to obtain food, or sometimes to seek company in "clubs". In small colonies such as the type we find in jackdaws and greylag geese, all members of the colony know each other, females take on the dominance rank of their mates. There are territories for nesting, but we find a dominance hierarchy among the groups feeding away from the colony. The geese mate for life, and rear each breed right through until they reach sexual m aturity w ithin the family unit. In the large colonies, anonymity is the rule, yet families stick together, near their young, and live in reasonable harmony while all observe strictly the laws against territorial intrusion.

Hierarchies are not possible, for recognition of all members is necessary for hierarchy to form.

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We say pairs form. Indeed they do. But not by chance, for a pair kind is fashioned by behaviour and maintained only while this binding courtship behaviour is maintained. This seems always to be true. Bonds don't exist, but must be serviced by bonding behaviour— daily. We court, and form bonds. Usually we date many times before we bond, and "dating" is found in many species of colony nesting birds, usually in special areas adjoining the nesting grounds. In our courtship, we differ very little from other species, we meet in pairs, offer food to each other, perhaps make gifts of nesting material or flowers, stroke each other endlessly, make contact, physical or communicative at regular intervals, and copulate, a powerful bonding behaviour in many species, where reproduction is only one o f the functions of copulation. We tend sometimes to think o f sex as just for pleasure, yet wherever we find sex available more than is required for reproduction, it is a bonding behaviour, tying individuals together in pairs, harems, or sometimes in groups.

Certainly man also uses words in courtship, but the emphasis is usually on the emotive rather the intellectual contexts of these words. The words are, in fact, a gentle social stroking, a contacting behaviour with the information content of a smile, perhaps our most widespread bonding behaviour.

Our children are born helpless, yet they still have a powerful set of communicative devices. They can lie contented, touch with tiny hands, or cry for attention. The communication system between each mother and child is probably seldom identical yet Is certainly similar. Once the child smiles first at almost six weeks, the bonding Page 11

process develops rapidly. The child cannot yet, recognise mother, and w ill smile at any face mask. Yet the mother seldom realizes this, but is spurred on to more interested maternal behaviour. Quite mechanically, the infant has thanked the mother, whose care and attention w ill not bear fru it until the infant is about seven months, and can now recognise her. This we see in the different responses shown to mother and to strangers at this stage. The parent-offspring bonding is completed, and the baby now rejects strangers and new experiences. Yet w ithin the security o f the bond, a mother is able to gradually lead her infant step by step into new experiences and situations. The "Smell of Mum� is rubbed onto these new adventures, w ithout it the child would stay a closed and rejecting unit. But from the security of his first bond the child can investigate his world, meet other people, peer particularly, till he is able to generalize his behaviour to new people and experiences, and assurance and independence develops.

Among children, play soon develops. The word "p la y " is one word, devised to describe human activities. But the activities it describes refers to are not restricted to human activities. Play is widespread throughout vertebrats. We see behaviour which "invites" play, in our dogs and cats, and though the play may seem fierce, the jaws never close. A ll the behaviour is marked by the message "this is play", called metacommunication, a communication about communication, by Gregory Bateson.

Indeed, communication is a field where we can best see our animal heritage. For though we think of ourselves as communicating by words, this is only a small part of our communicative behaviour.

We greet each other w ith a wave, a smile, nod to another while he speaks, make eye contact, touch, shake hands, kiss, wink, frown, laugh, stand or sit in postures by which we express our bonds of friendships, or even status, and even when speaking, we modulate our voices in ways which express our current emotions. For this expression of our feelings is a central feature of our communicative system, and is one which we share w ith all other animals.

People sometimes ask are we a territorial animal? Territorial behaviour is one form of spacing behaviour. Like most other species, we space in various ways, and the marking of boundaries around fixed space is one of them. But we also space in certain ways to speak to each other, and this often causes difficulties when people of different cultures interact. For while all peoples obey spacing rules, in each culture these rules are different. Man, and most animals occupy two sets of space, that which is displaced physically, and that area kept free around him, especially in front of the face. There are many forms of space control, territory ownership is one, personal space is another. We use personal space differently in each context, in lifts, public places like park benches or libraries, or in our own houses or the houses o f our hosts, and at work with formal rules or among friends or acquaintances.

When we move into space controlled by others, especially hosts or dominant individuals, we use behaviour called appeasing. A student has an appropriate repertoire or behaviour fo r his, professor's office. Some even acknowledge this by behaving inappropriately, and their behaviour we recognise as aggression, and call rude. Like all o f our behaviour, it is communicative. In all of our aggressive behaviour, we tend to turn to animal to try to understand the nature of the aggressive phenomenon. Then we find that aggression is always separating behaviour, though it is sometimes used to exert a social control over the behaviour of others around us, or to dominate them. Yet lately it seems that we have become obsessed w ith aggression. Man is as aggressive as any other species, but he also has a range of affiliative skills. In these, he is probably ahead of most other species. For most animals live in only one group, or at most, develop new affiliations with each change of seasons.

We have created anonymous societies in which we can survive only by developing new affiliation w ith those around us in each new group we enter. For those deficient in these skills, there is only loneliness, for we are the inventor of loneliness.

It seems to me that these affiliative skills are the area of animal behaviour to which we should be devoting most attention. For animal may be aggressive, but lim it this w ithin the bonds they develop. If man is to have a future, it will be because he w ill develop his affiliative skills, between individuals, between groups, and between those vast anonymous groups we call nations. Already, I suspect, we understand enough to know what we should be doing.

Perhaps we should try to be animals bent on survival. mm m

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KA NY ANA

1970

MAN the HISTORIAN

By Professor Gordon Greenwood, Department o f History, University o f Queensland.

Perhaps I should say two things to start with on the subject which you asked me to talk on—Man the Historian—a highly professional task to talk in front of my colleagues whom I see here. What I'm going to try to do is, traverse at least by way of illustration some very large phases of history so that we can have a look at the kind of experience which history reveals in terms of contacts and optimum conditions which have existed between societies, i.e. that most everything I say is going to be untrue or only half true because I must compress things in a way that is not genuinely accurate.

In doing this I want to look first of all at the stages of Man's evolution in relation to his contact with other societies. G. K. Chesterton in his essay on folk lore etc., said w ith regard to "Over the hills and far away" that this is not a fantasy o f someone's imagination but a literal description o f fact, that the people over the hills were far away; they lived in a foreign land, were strangers to one another. I think that's an important fact because so many o f the actions of man and groups o f peoples are based on that kind o f fear, superstition, ignorance, bringing out an excessive localism, understanding of his own kind but not of other kinds.

It is the sort of thing Kipling was talking about when he said "the stranger within my gates is a person I don't understand, he doesn't talk my language, I can't look into his m ind" and so much of interrelationship between groups of societies has been based on that inability to comprehend, understand the outlook and attitude of other people.

If you begin with this localist situation, man hunting w ithin his own valley, agriculturalist in a village, you move out over time into much more original kind of situation, coalesence o f small groups into wider provincial districts and political entities. We see this happening in all sorts o f ways e.g. Ghengis Khan moulding loose Mongol tribes in to the Mongol Confederacy and great principalities emerging in France—this example can be endlessly multiplied. Man moved from entirely local to a more regional situation or rather, more amalgamated. The next jump is to amalgamation o f regions toward a kind of progression—localist Man to regionalist to national or sometimes imperial Man in terms o f greater empires. By the time we get to national man in this sense, at least in the Western World, through growth of technology and also a much higher degree of skill KANYA NA

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in social or political or administrative organisation, you've created the concept of power w ithin this third stage o f amalgamation and you've created a high and often dangerous depth o f technology.

Now all this happens at the time of about 1870 and/or a little after.

When you get to the time o f the doctrine o f national sovereignty it has not got a supranational system beyond it, nor has it got a superstitious, or, if you prefer, a religious sanction which is a constraint o f that particular form of power.

So that in this century we have probably the greatest problem which has confronted man and it is a problem in an international field and that if you cän say that in any century is has certain dominant characteristics then I think we can say that in this century the key question is the international question. If people can't learn to live together with some degree of amity and cooperation then you w ill inevitably have the failure of the human being.

Turn back now and look at the way men in societies have behaved towards each other. For example, something which is in a sense contradictory to what I've been saying. Although there hasn't been a continuous relationship, there have been some important and traumatic relationships between states and indeed continents. If you go back to the one of the earliest civilizations of the Indus River, about 2500 B.C. which was running along parallel to the other great civilizations of the Tigris and the Euphrates. You w ill find far greater interconnection between those societies despite the areas of physical difference between them and so one does find in the Mesopotamia area relics that obviously do come from the Indus River civilization and vice versa .which demonstrates the existence of trade between civilizations going back to that particular point in time.

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One can think o f the contacts which emanated from religion which in some cases were peaceful forms of proselitization— one thinks o f the fnovement of Christians moving across into India, China or the Jesuit missions or the outgoing o f Buddhism from its original home in India and spreading into many areas and not least into central and southern Asia. But, on the whole, these are peaceful proselitizing movements. Religion too has warlike connotations and it's probably true to say that the essence fo r Islam consisted o f the Koran in one hand and the sword in the other. And the same is true for Christianity in many o f its forms— it is with the sword in one hand and the Bible in the other. So that religion itself, while a powerful force in providing motivation and action for these kinds of intercultural contacts and intersocietal contacts, can be two things— it can be cruel, warlike, or it can be peaceful.

And then with trade, w ith which I began. An example to show what trade can lead to. The Trojan War and the struggle between Carthage and Rome were about the control o f trade, in the first instance o f the Dardanelles. So when you get this kind of desperate competition fo r areas which are strategic, people w ill fight fo r those particular kinds o f things. I'm not suggesting that all aspects o f trade are o f this kind.

The other thing that has brought peoples together has been the great migrations, e.g. the Mongols, Turks, the Norsemen from Scandinavia, or in more modern times, the European settlements of North America and even Australia. Here is another way in which people mix and mingle and very often with disaster fo r those people which they find in the original habitat. There has always been the lure of that Promised Land; sometimes it begins with those small scale raids and, having raided, there is the temptation then to acquire. Trade has been the thing more than anything else to cast people out right across the world always with that sense o f necessity to acquire the products and the treasures o f other countries.

But I suppose if there is one predominant characteristic which comes across from the whole history, it is that in the main contacts between societies have been brutal and they have been military and have been aimed at m ilitary domination, and economic exploitation. These drives have sent people to the Antarctica, to climb Everest, and has sent them ultimately to the moon. And that is part of the human spirit and you can't damp that down. All movement, all exploration, has not necessarily been fo r motivation and for gain. The scientists who went into Africa and into Antartica were not interested in exploitation— but in knowing and finding out that urgent quest that belongs to mankind.

I want to make tw o points from this, and the first is that no peoples, no continents have a monopoly of wisdom or o f morality.

There is no superior m orality. The other point I want to make is not all o f it a fact. These movements produced an immense degree of cross-fertilization, the movements o f Alexander spread Hellenistic culture enormously throughout the course o f history. Also the religious movements and the kinds of contributions such as architecture.

Switch now to something different and something a b it more modern. If you look at the history o f international relations in Europe in medieval period, the time of united Christendom and the accepted consensus on things religious and moral and an agreement that in this sense the Church did stand as a body which could not only mediate but have the authority and right to set limits to human m orality. But you lose this, of course, w ith the fragmentation o f the solidarity of Christendom— you lose it w ith the rise o f the nation state, w ith the Reformation— consensus is no longer there.

And looking back to natural law, if you like, the inalienable rights of man to say that there is a certain basic morality which stands good fo r all people in all times and that states act according to the canons o f that particular m orality. And from there you attempt to reach out to try to create a set o f codes, a set of interstate agreements as to the ways societies ought to behave to one another.

Unless you have some external body which is capable of enforcing the conventions, how can you enforce them? And so you get first of all a series of attempts at agreement on limited things in terms o f the Geneva conventions, trying to make more humane certain kinds o f acts that are prohibited.

In the end there is no substitute fo r a relationship between function and time. Now the United Nations tried to achieve this to some degree, but there is still sometimes lack o f consensus. We are left w ith a society in which power is the primary determinant. It is true that great power can't be exercised greater and that this gives much greater amplitude fo r smaller power to be exercised much more frequently and much more irrationally. You are left w ith a world in which the communities so far have not been able to develop sufficiently to live in a basic desire fo r amity.

Page 14

So today we are faced w ith the situation where western technology (it has been essentially western) has shrunk the world.

The world has to continue to live together in an enormous inhumane connexion and it has to do this at a time when we haven't as yet developed effective constraints to the operation o f the sovereignty o f nationalism and of all the emotive contexts which go along w ith that particular world.

There is not a great deal of evidence to suggest any international rapport that a rational man wants, is there for the finding— it has to be built up in time.

I w ouldn't end w ithout some hope and there are grounds for hope. In the long run, people w ill realize that what they give up is not nearly as important as what they get. Sovereignty is self-defeating. Balance of food distribution will be a problem but there is hope in Reason— machinery in Africa, S. America, S.E. Asia a World Bank, perhaps groupings o f regional amalgamations— being able to solve our problems.

There has been no great war in the last twenty years and there seems no likelihood o f such in the immediate future, despite world tensions. This gives a positive degree of hope— a reason to co-operate.

Man is not exclusively reasonable but Reason in the end makes for a human being and the solution o f human problems. Shouting emotive cliches does not lead to progress, but by people with a passion to do it and w ith the training and responsibility bringing it to bear upon problems. If instinct is forced on us, we are indeed lost because it leads to reactive emotions which lead to war, destruction, and race hatred. Let us apply Reason.

na

KA NY ANA

1970

MAN the POLITICIAN b y Professor Colin Hughes, Departm ent o f Government, University o f Queensland There is a fine old maxim to the effect that those who can, do, and those who can't, teach. It should by now have spawned ancillary maxims, such as those who know, do, and those who don't, study. Every now and then a student who has opted to major or do an honours degree in political science comes in grumbling about his troubles in explaining to family or friends just what he is doing, or even harder just what he is going to be at the end of it all.

'THE POLITICAL MAN

The latest number o f Politics, the journal of the Australasian Political Studies Association, reports the views o f the three Canberra correspondents who troubled to answer an inquiry from the editor of Politics as to what they thought o f the work o f political scientists. Not much, was the answer. There were one or two areas of specialisation where the academic might have something to say that was worth hearing, but ordinarily, so the journalists thought, the political scientists lacked the command of close observation of leading political figures day in, day out, month after month, and for the more senior o f them year after year. Alas, in that same number o f Politics a substantial group of biographies and autobiographies of leading Australian politicians was reviewed by a political scientist who didn 't think much of them either.

There are at the center o f the political stage, then, a group of professional politicians. Seated—suppose a rather Tudorish theatre—on the edge of the stage, a group of professional political journalists. Seated well back in the gods a group of political scientists. Very, very occasionally someone may change his position: a journalist, Mr. Allan Fraser, becomes a member of parliament, as did a political scientist. Dr. Forbes; there have been a few moves of journalists into political science and vice versa—Creighton Burns, Bruce Grant, John Bennetts. But generally the lack of movement suggests that there are three quite separate groups of people interested in three different things, or perhaps three different aspects of the same thing.

The problem of identifying man the politician is compounded again when we ask just who are the politicians in the middle of the stage. By politician the man in the street means someone who holds or seeks elective office, but this is a lim iting definition which obscures as much as it discloses. The most cursory fam iliarity w ith KA NVA NA

1970

day to day political life w ill show that there is a group of non-elected public figures, senior public servants, judges, members of governmental structures which do not fit tid ily into the traditional categories of legislature, executive, judiciary, who are more important than many elected politicians. We have to be careful now that the circle does not go on expanding indefinitely. If we add the members of the T ariff Board to the category of politicians, what about spokesmen for a class of economic interests appearing before the Board? Or the spokesman for a single firm ? Worse yet, does not this thought make us look again at the elected indisputed politician?

- If John Smith, M.H.R., is a politician, what about the chairman of the electorate committee which secured his election? A ll the party activists who helped? And all the party activists behind all the candidates who opposed Smith? Could you go on to say that on the day Smith was chosen, each of the 50,000 electors who turned out was for a brief moment in the polling booth a politician in some sense o f the word? And maybe that previous Saturday when reading a dodger left in the letter box or stopping at the shopping centre to hear a street corner speech? Our relatively tid y theatre is beginning to disintegrate in time and space.

Worse is yet to come. Stop thinking about the federal government, the state government, the local authority. Suppose it is instead the district Dramatic Society which is our focus. The Society has to elect a new secretary, choose whether to revive "The Boy Friend" or "Waiting fo r G odot", decide how to pay for a new set o f lights. Are not the activities o f its members in making such decisions strikingly similar to what goes on when affairs o f state are involved? So we may better ask not who is a politician, but when is a man a politician?

Page 15

The answer may come when he is dealing w ith the machinery of state. Each citizen every year engages in many civic duties. He pays taxes. He serves on a jury perhaps. He completes statistical returns about himself or his business. He votes. If required he serves in the armed forces. When doing anything o f these things, he may well think that he is discharging a duty, but there are other times when he is perhaps claiming a right from the state. He seeks a pension or a subsidy. He lobbies his elected representative to do or say something. Perhaps he takes part in the organizational life o f a political party or some economic or social organization which acts as a pressure group. But behind such deliberate actions is a much wider sphere of activity at a less conscious level which is still critical for the world of politics.

Each day when the citizen reads his newspaper, or listens to his radio, or watches television, he assimilates some political information about the issues and personalities o f the moment, and these fragments o f fact and impression imperceptibly filte r down to deposit in the "images" of parties and political leaders which w ill on the infrequent occasions when he needs to determine a vote help fix his choice. By conversation w ith fam ily, friends, others at work, he helps fix their political opinions as well. Many o f his actions will occur in circumstances which offer a choice of obeying or breaking a law, and he w ill choose to obey it, and by doing so w ill help sustain the regime which imposed the law. There will be times when he may break the law deliberately because it is in some way in his interest to do so, but the breaches are too infrequent to be a challenge to the regime. And there may be deliberate breaches of the law which are intended to challenge the regime or the authorities which presently govern it.

No longer do we have a tid y model of a stage w ith actors and spectators, but our focus has become the whole range o f society. To a considerable extent this has been the story o f the formal study of politics, or as we might put it man the politician, at university. Once it was a matter of formal machinery of state, o f written constitutions and rules, so much so that the emerging forces of party and pressure group were ignored. This soon changed, but the emphasis was still on the power and authority associated w ith the state. The period since the Second World War has seen this change partly because o f interest in what has been going on in other social sciences, and partly because the great increase in the number of states in the international system has meant that the challenge of comparison stretched the subject matter from the formal confines of the cosy North Atlantic world. In the last few years another element has been added. America dominated political science as the leading world power and as the leading academic power, and thus in a number of ways something like the existing U 5 . political system was set up as a model to which the world must, or should, evolve.

As American moral leadership was challenged, as American society revealed deep internal divisions, as American political science was involved w ith the day-to-day problems of the American political system at home and abroad, so this certainty was lost. Closely associated w ith this development, came the challenge to authority in all political systems associated particularly w ith the-shift in Marxist concerns and the revival of interest in anarchism. (When I say all political systems I use the concept broadly to include those social organizations below the level o f the national state which partake to some significant extent of the same characteristics.) This has meant a renewed concern with fundamental questions on which there had been since the time of say J. S. Mill considerable consensus in the English-speaking countries at least.

Let me instance one work which has attracted considerable attention in the United States, a series of lectures by Henry Kariel o f the University o f Hawaii, published- under the title Open Systems.

Kariel questions how many possibilities for action, for playing other and more rewarding roles in society, are closed and needlessly closed by institutions and by the very concepts and language we employ.

His call to action goes: "We must enlarge our private world through the acceptance o f a greater range and intensity of experiences, vicarious ones if that is all we can afford. We must enlarge our collective existence by establishing institutions encouraging more participation, more testing of 'reality'. And we must enlarge our science o f politics, embracing a pragmatic epistemology, challenging positivistic approaches which merely reconcile us to our present fate. Our in it ia l

n e e d , I w o u ld a rg u e , is t o c o n s e p tu a liz e p o s s ib ilitie s in

these three spheres. It is to establish a creditable frame o f mind, to frame what is not altogether present and visible." (pp. 7-8) There is more than a germ of truth in each o f these three proposals. It is when we seek to employ them to a particular situation, to a particular population, that some of the d ifficu lty emerges.

Page 16

The advocacy o f involvement, for example, may be nothing more than the culmination of a century and a half o f extension of the franchise. But there are two unanswered questions there: is such an infrequent act sufficient to make participation meaningful? does the individual have and receive sufficient information to act with certainty? Those of us who spend much of the time we employ in writing and talking about politics in considering the electoral act in particular know the limited concern and information the average voter applies to his decision. Various theories have developed to set th e s e lim it a t io n s

in s o m e p e rs p e c tiv e , t o j u s t i f y th e lo w le ve l o f

participation if you w ill: One view is to regard the voter as shrewdly rational, applying just so much e ffort to securing information on which to act as is proportionate to the impact his individual act of voting can have on his personal affairs. Another is to say that the degree of apathy which prevails is conducive to stability of the political and social system; if all the population rushed about in a state o f deep concern and high emotion, the system which experience shocks o f sudden reversal of policy and shifts in opinion which could destroy it as evidenced by the fevered years which precede major revolutionary crises.

I find it hard to make up my mind here. "There's nothing like leather", the cobbler reflects,.and students o f elections should like everyone else to be interested too. And yet I know the ineffable boredom which settles over me when the group l am talking with shifts to horse-racing or football and resists all my efforts to get it back to politics. Of course I know w ith a clear conscience that politics is more important than football, that poetry matters more than pushpin, that political action can lead to a good life. What I am uncertain about is how hard a man should be pushed to be free.

Kariel follows Rousseau in arguing: "O f course, the free man and the unfree one may be observed to behave in the same way. Seen from the outside, the behaviour of both may appear to be identical. Both might appear to live their lives as if in chains; both might seem to act a small part in a tedious play on a confining stage. Vet in the case o f the free man, the restraints are self-imposed. He chooses his part on the basis of his knowledge o f his natural capacities. His part— his very scenario— is not fixed by an authority external to him. If he does what convention dictates, this is because he chooses to do conventional things, not because he submits to an outside force.

As long as his personality remains intact, that is, as long as he governs himself, he makes his own choices, testing his capabilities by attempting to take increasingly demanding parts in always more complex plays on ever larger stages." (pp. 14-15) In other words, to give the greatest freedom to every man to fu lfill himself we need to ensure that first the educational experience he undergoes does not inhibit his readiness to undertake new challenges but rather sharpens his perception o f the possibility, and that second the organization of society does not unnecessarily preclude possible activities.

Here my uncertainty presses hard. I'm not certain what human nature really is like. Political activity is n o ts o lita ry .it is gregarious.

The key word may be domination, it may be influence, it may be cooperation, but the essence of political action is securing arrangements so that many humans act together. Robinson Crusoe needs Friday before he can act politically. Now it is true that in the broadest sense, political activity takes place every time three boys get together to build a tree house, or three suburban housewives arrange a jo int shopping trip , but in the sense o f effective role-playing fo r a sufficient period of time to really stretch the personality at the level I am certain Kariel has in mind, we need to move at least to the organizational field of private clubs, societies, formal bodies w ith constitutions, balance sheets, which play out the miniaturised political life. Yet we know that half the population has already opted out before this level is reached. I do not know how mistaken they are in doing so, and if they are mistaken how to stop them doing so. That is not quite correct. I do know on recent world experience that it is easy enough to appoint block captains to organise them into local cells of the national party and its various structures fo r women, children, young, old, carpenters, intellectuals, and one-legged Baptist plumbers, which if the national standard of living permits sufficient efficiency can bring every sentient being into political activity in some corner o f the vast whirring state. Now just because all previous attempts to make every man a politician have turned out badly, it does not necessarily follow that all future attempts must end w ith every man a prisoner o f the state. But experience does suggest caution and a healthy scepticism about such schemes.

K AN Y AN A

1970

Fighting / force some tethered thoughts to come to me to ease the ending o f unfeeling Bound in man's want for understanding for stiffened inside to extrude one tiny living being Himself Association with our senses can in the word its lim it be Spoiled Unlike the spiralling moth Who captures its light through Ufe then dies Untroubled by my darkened pit and bed mate Pity God knows! fly moth, light beckons.

Companion to unthinking Don't mock me Don't scoren your fluorescent king Straining yet / cannot see within / light no fire With incense smouldering sweet sickening distorting my Black God.

OCTOBER SPIRIT A S P IR IT haunts the October hours, Dwelling amid those purple flowers: To himself he talks. . .

For at dusk, listening earnestly, A t his work, you may hear him sob and sigh. ..

In his room . . .

Hopelessly he counts the approaching doom.

Outside fall those purple flowers.

Ploughing through the world of man, Over culture and social theories, Plodding on with analytical facts.

Ploughing the graveyards o f culture histories.

The Spirit says: "Your days are numbered, Your hours d o se . . . " "Nay, not in your own backyard," the old sage discloses.

But, she's gorgeous.

Ah, my heart faints, and my whole soul grieves. .. at the sight of a sweet and lovely Eve. "Never mind her beauty; 'Tis the call of duty, you must heed, not o f tempting sweet repose. " Outside fall those purple flowers.

Ploughing through the world o f man, Over culture and social theories.

Plodding on with analytical facts.

Ploughing the graveyard o f ancient histories.

Anon.

P.K.

. . . STOP P R E S S ......... STOP P R E S S ...........STOP P R E S S ...........STOP P R E S S .......... STOP PRESS . .

COLLEGE FULL BLUES

G IR L 'S SPORT R ow in gBasketball Squash Athletics Hockey 1 Tennis Swimming

KA NV ANA

— — — — -

1st 1st 2nd 2nd 4th 4th 4th

1970

B. Henderson C. Heath R. Lee K.W ong

HALF BLUES S. Ferguson B. Prentice D. Locker

I.C.C. TEAMS B. Henderson — Hockey Basketball C. Heath — Basketball K .W on g — Basketball S. Ferguson — Tennis H. Underwood — Swimming M. Parsons — Squash

Page 17

SIX-LEGGED SCIENCE

By M. B. Malipatii

To a layman, an 'insect' is any small creeping thing which may possibly fly and which probably bites or stings. To a naturalist or an entomoligist, however, an insect means a small six-legged creature with two pairs of wings and whose body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen and covered with exo-skeleton.

The insects are, as they have been since prehistoric times, the most widespread and successful form o f animal life. Of all living creatures on the face o f the earth, fu lly nine-tenths are insects. A single square yard o f earth may support 10,000 or more individual insects, while it requires almost 21 acres to support one human. Not only are their numbers staggering but their variety also is bewildering.

The insects came on the scene o f existence about 400 m illion years ago, but man has come on the scene only one m illion years ago. During their struggle fo r existence for such a length o f tim e, they have overcome various problems w ith which man still struggles—food, adaptation to environmental conditions and social organisation.

Insects, which everyone knows can be found anywhere, because their way o f life, and their extreme resistance to adverse biotic and climatic conditions have allowed them to become adapted to every kind o f environment. They have successfully colonized the land, living in arctic cold, desert heat, thriving at altitudes that man can barely tolerate, in hot springs, and inhabiting petroleum pools while one beetle, often called the "short-circuit" beetle, even bores into lead cables.

However, the question which has not yet been satisfactorily answered is why it is so d iffic u lt to control insects. What are the secrets o f insect's inherent strength?

Briefly, these would seem to be their small size, their adaptability and their power of flight. Insects vary so much in their size that as Folsom remarked some insects are smaller (about 1/100 of an inch) than the largest protozoa and others are larger (over 8 inches) than the smallest vertebrate. Their smallness enables many o f them to flourish on extremely small quantities o f food. No-other form o f life w ith such minute size as that o f insects has been able to lead an active aerial life. The smallness o f the insects has made them the strongest animals on the earth, in proportion to their body. Therefore it is no wonder that a flea w ith length o f 1/20 o f an inch can jump a horizontal distance o f 13 inches and a height o f 8 inches and if a man were to do similar feat he should make a long jump o f 700 feet and high jump o f 450 feet. It is found that a scarabaeid beetle weighing only 4 1/5 grams can carry a weight o f 8% ounces or more than 850 times its own weight. An elephant can barely drag twice its weight. Proportionately, then beetle is 425 times as strong as elephant!

Page 18

The other factors appear to be the huge number of individuals, the short life cycle varying from a few days to several years and high fecundity varying from a few dozen to several thousand eggs. It might be worthwhile to cite an example of how great the reproductive capacity of an insect may be. It has been calculated that the progeny o f a single moth can cover the entire land surface of the earth to a depth o f 80 feet w ithin a period of one year in case all the progeny is allowed to live their normal life. But there is what is known as the environmental resistance which leaves hardly 0.1 per cent o f the progeny to lead normal life.

Many insects are among the strongest fliers in the world.

The speed o f their flig h t reaches almost 40 m.p.h. in one Australian dragonfly while the monarch b utterfly has flight range o f 650 miles.

Insects have very diverse food habits and they can eat almost anything. For example, a cockroach can devour everything o f plant and animal origin. Some insects feed on wood, some on dead and decaying animals and plants and some others on nectar. Some insects have specific preference fo r one kind or other, by which they can avoid interspecific competition. Again in a number of instances the adult and the immature stages o f the same species have different food habits. The larva o f a butterfly chews the leaf where as the adult obtains nothing but liquid and nourishment. Surprisingly, males and females of the same species may have entirely different tastes in the matter of food. Do you know, a mosquito that bites you is never a male but always a female; the males feeds on nectar.

For normal existence, and fo r protection against enemies, the insects as a class have developed a variety of very ingenious ways. These may be protective colouration, structures or m im icry or may be behaviouristic adaptions, e.g. many beetles feign death while in danger and lace wing flies and some shield bugs give o ff an evil-smelling fluid which repels their enemies.

An insect may have all man's senses and behaviours. It can see, hear, feel, sleep, respond to change in environment, remember, locate its mate and even control its sex!

Now, after giving a brief idea about what insects are, their life and relationships to man, I would like to write something about their importance to man.

Not all insects are enemies of man. Many are his friends or beneficial to him either directly or indirectly. The KANYANA

1970

beauty of the butterflies and moths which man with all his art can not imitate, do much to brighten our countryside.

The insect singers like crickets and cicadas give us much pleasure on a summer evening. Man may learn much of his own social life by studying the societies of the bees, ants and termites.

We owe much to the insects which produce commercial honey, the useful resin known as lace, as well as silk. We would have no apple, pears, cherries and other fruit crops if insects were not there to pollinate them. The scavenger beetles have kept our surroundings clean.'Besides all these there are parasites and predators which keep in check many of the man's dreadful enemies. While some insects control noxious weeds such as prickly pear.

Practically no plants whether cultivated or not are free from insects. About 5% of the insect species are crop pests either in field or storage. It is almost impossible due to the huge literature, to mention anything more about this aspect, except to say that many million dollars worth of food commodities are damaged by insects every year in different parts of the world.

In the words of A . T. Gaul, " It was the small flea, carrier

of plague that stopped Napoleon's Egyptian Campaign, and prevented the French from dominating the Middle East. It was the yellow fever mosquito that caused most of the casualties in the Spanish American War. It was this same mosquito which gave Panama Canal to the Americans instead of the French, who are reputed to have lost one man for each sleeper in the Panama Railway. It is the sickly cargo of the many malaria mosquitoes which make the tropical natives more sluggish than their northern brothers."

Insects also attack cattle, sheep and poultry. An example may be cited of the Australian sheep blow fly which takes a toll of millions of dollars worth of sheep every year.

The man in the street may smile at the idea that a few small insects could be such a terrible menace to man with all his modern insecticides. But, he may not know that many insects have become resistant to insecticides and have made the problem of insect control more and more difficult than ever before.

Therefore, man has to struggle hard with these wonderful six-legged creatures if he has to lead a successful life and for an entomologist, of course, it is a challenge!

in

ANT-HILLS Ants creeping crawling from their mounds of seven-dirty, brown Making temples from marshy ground.

Look! social creatures, Yet purposeless, Lifeless they move.

Commute between mounds day in day out.

Multihued ants—black brown yellow white Seemingly in fellowship abide Beneath the ever moving sand Who knows what sadness, madness hide.

Ants—they know their kind To keep in groups Sharing swift thoughts with blissful mind Or faraway with silent jo y A nd take each other—better, worse.

Commute between mounds day in day out.

Commute between mounds day in day out.

Ants in fantastic nuptial flights— The Queens and Knights attracted by the light And live to love With consummation comes delight.

By whim of Nature the Queen survives With her Kiss of death.

A nd others die-Boria-like she lives to love again.

While ants commute between their towers day in day out.

P.K.

KA NV A NA

1970

Page 19

by Abayemi J. Olowokere A t the outset, I wish to make two points: firstly, it is quite impracticable within the space allowed me to do adequate justice to this important question even in general terms and so no pretence of expert discussion is made. Secondly, I propose to use the term, "grass" to include the whole range of pasture types in which characteristically grasses, legumes, and other forage crops together provide grazing for the ruminant livestock.

We have been told time and again that the world needs more for its growing population since, while the food production increases in an arithmetical progression, the population increases in a geometrical progression. Indeed, it took the world a million years to increase to one thousand million, we added another one thousand million in 150 years and added the third in thirty years and the next one thousand million is expected within ten years, and there are estimates that we may reach the six million mark by the year 2000I The irony of the food problem and the population increase is the fact that population increases most where food production increases least and this has resulted in more and more people having less and less to eat. A s a classical example, while the population in India is increasing at a faster rate than the U.S.A. or Japan, the yield of maize in the U.S.A. and of rice in Japan are three times what they are in India. By and large, the developing countries are at present unable to provide adequate nutrition to a large proportion of their people. However, it seems experts are now agreed that it is possible to supply the world population with adequate carbohydrate food but that protein deficiency, on the other hand, is still as low as ever.

Lack of protein, particularly animal protein, is more acute in the developing countries. It is in solving the animal protein problem that grass management—both its development and improvement—has got a vital role to play.

Although grass farming as related to the grazing of livestock is mankind's oldest agricultural industry, yet for too long grass development had been neglected and few appreciated the great contribution this crop could make to the health and productivity of a nation. The grass is the basic food resource of the ruminant animal (sheep, cattle, goats, etc.) which has a four-unit stomach capable of using the grass which cannot be directly consumed by man. Most of the pastoral industry in the developing countries is still based on stock grazing native pastures and shrubs. These rangelands have not been the subject of intense research.

The time is overdue for a more concerted attack on the problems if the potential resources of these countries are to remain important for all time.

There is a big prospect of supplying animal protein at Page 20

prices that a relatively large number of consumers could afford to pay if the rangelands are improved and properly utilized. There is an enormous potential for more effective use of the animal resources of the developing countries by the application of the existing technology suitably adapted to fit their needs. Vast areas of unused but usable land exist in rural areas of South America, the African continent south of the Sahara, and the highlands of many S.E. Asian countries which still await exploitation. In these places, there are millions of acres of well-watered natural grassland and easily cleared bush unused, most of which is suitable for livestock production. It is true that many important problems have to be solved, technical, political, social and economic before these resources can be used effectively.

The basic fact is that they do exist and are there to be used.

Although many scientists have proposed that the extraction of protein from plant material may be exploited for human needs, there is little doubt that it is cheaper to exploit the ruminant to obtain meat and milk from the grass. This is not to say that other animal protein sources such as poultry and fish, both of which are less dependent on grass as such, are not important but their contribution is relatively small and will probably remain so for some time to come.

It is gratifying to note that in many developing countries, there now seems to be a general awareness that emphasis must be given to the production of food of higher nutritional value to combat the widespread protein deficiency. In this direction, livestock, especially the ruminant that uses the grass, is destined to play an increasing role. The call for cheaper food of animal origin is urgent and insistent. It can only be answered on a permanent basis by increasing production within the developing countries themselves.

Even though there is now a general agreement that it will become more difficult to satisfy the world's need for protein than any other dietary component, this does not mean it cannot be done. A nation which looks after its grass will be a healthy nation and I propose that the answer to the protein problem of the developing countries lies in the intensive development and management of and research into the world's most important crop, the grass.

Q KANY ANA

1970

RAINDROPS IN FIR TREES. Have you ever seen diamonds—thousands skill ions o f em - in a fir tree— A fte r it's raining?

Hanging from each dark brackenish fir branch, A glittering pearl shaped Spectrum' Thru which m oon-light glitters.

Shake the fir tree— A nd you're sprinkled with the sweetest freshest liquied—sparkling and so cold—icy cold It's raining diamonds!— Glittering on you r eyelashes Covering you r hair w ith a m isty Spangled net Raining, and you want to snatch them up To hear the tinkling, the glitter.

The plip, p i ip piip, as they Shimmer together, amongst the dark icelandic fir and fall to the steps.

SLR.

CHAMPAGNE'S nice to drink When you're lying lazily Cigars are good to smoke When you're thinking hazily.

The sky is blue in summer W ith white clouds meandering mazily, Everything's created fo r people, Who believe in living occasionally.

SLR.

KAN YAN A

1970

LO V E hurst—it gives you A stale hard feeling in your throat As though you want but cannot cry.

When love is happy Sugar candy is your life Viewed through rose tinted spectacles Ephemereal, unreal, but infinitesim ally sweet, In its bite b itte r sweet.

SLR.

Page 21

RUSSIAN HOLIDAY

by Jean Warby.

In the 1968-69 Christmas Holidays I went to the USSR with 18 other Australian Students; the Australian delegation in an exchange travel scheme organised by the National Union of Australian University Students and Sputnick, its Soviet counterpart.

No person with his eyes even half open would travel through the USSR without being humbled by how little he has seen and can possibly know of such a vast country. Yet at the same time there is a similarity and continuity in the character of the people.

When we arrived at NAKHO DKA, a port on the Pacific coast just north o f VLADIVO STO K I began to realize that the USSR isn't just a European piece of land w ith Moscow in the middle, but a huge area stretching across the top of Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan and China. Nakhodka had a frontier town atmosphere, w ith wooden "log cabin" style buildings, and a feeling of suppressed energy in the crisp, cold (-26°C) air. People in huge boots and overcoats, and typically Russian fu r hats. So often I thought o f the Eastern USSR as "M y vision of the American wild west, plus snow, small wooden "stockade" settlements w ith smoke curling out o f the chimneys separated by miles of untouched snow and vast silences."

It was so cold we were glad we were in our nice warm train. In itially the warmth seemed the only good thing about the trains; I wasn't too keen on filth y washrooms and the men and women sharing sleeping compartments. The latter is apparently standard practice, and accepted as such by the locals.

Fair enough, the men were always interesting (especially the Arm y Officer who had been to Czechoslovakia w ith the invasion) but after a few days I'm sure they became tired of Standing in the Corridor chain smoking while the girls dressed.

Chain Smoking! That reminds me o f the Soviet cigarettes! They d o n 't have tobacco the whole way down the cigarettes, so they tend to collapse in the middle. So many o f the Russians looked like Chicago gangsters o f the 1930's, w ith baggy suits and cigarettes hanging out o f the corners o f their mouths.

It isn't really fair to criticise the Soviet trains too much—they're far, far better than the Queensland variety.

Besides, the days (and nights) spent talking and sharing vodka, black bread, and dried herrings w ith fellow travellers gave us an insight into the Russian character we'd have missed otherwise.

For most o f us, Georgia was our favourite part of the USSR. Georgia's claims to fame seem to be— (1 ) Joe Stalin. In contrast to the rest o f the USSR he is still a hero in his native country, with statues and photos on public display.

(2) The State Dance Company.

(3) The Capital city, TBLISSI (TIFLIS) gets a mention in the Bible, or so they said. None of us were very avid Bible readers, so we weren't really sure.

Page 22

However I’ll always remember Georgia because of: — (1) Its beautiful wine—we drank too much w ith some North Vietnamese students, but that's another story!

(2) Its charming and loquacious people.

(3) The way the Georgian students laid on the Champagne on Australia Day—we d id n't realise what day it was 'till they told us!

The Russians (Georgians, Uzbecks, Khazaks, etc., etc., etc.) we met generally had a warmth and sincerity similar to that o f country people in Australia, but w ith more verve and drier wits. My favourite compliment—" I f all Capitalists m had daughters like you, I'd defect any day!

Red Square, Moscow

K A N Y A N A “— 1970

The Spirit of Gotong Rojong T O R A B JA Moose

-C E LE B E S

by S. I. Jo.

One of the most striking characteristics of Indonesian village life is the feeling of strong solidarity among the villagers. The 'gotong rojong' as it is called, is cooperation between members of a community. But usually this meaning is further elaborated by the addition of some idealistic connotation such as that cooperation springs from a spontaneous attitude of the participants, the cooperation from a desire to serve the common good, or in other words: mutual assistance with a spirit of “all for all".

The gotong rojong is expressed in various activities some personal and some communal, but all having the basic idea of mutual cooperation.

Gotong rojong activities arise when a death occurs or some other calamity in a family of the village inhabitants.

Usually the neighbours do the work and the close relatives take care of the dead body. Beside their contribution in work, the neighbours often donate money also to help meet the expenses or cost of food for the 'selamatan' (ritual banquet) and for treating the guests. Aid comes also from all village officials and from other villagers. All this help is offered by the various friends who share one community wholeheartedly and spontaneously, without expectations of return for their contributions.

Other personal gotong rojong activities occur when a villager provides a feast such as a wedding or the fulfilling of a vow. Relatives and neighbours are asked to help in various tasks around the household preparatory to the feast. They render assistance with pleasure, but at the same time they enjoy the certainty that they will receive assistance in return when they experience similar need. At one time or another every villager is sure to have to celebrate a circumcision or wedding of one of his children, or to have to fulfill a vow etc. Assistance which he gives to others is an investment in labour force which he himself at some future date will need. Apart from this, the assisting neighbours and relatives are always treated with meals during the preparations for the feast and are further honoured after the feast by gifts of food.

Help rendered at feast-times can be regarded as generally connected with the 'gotong rojong' system. A feast is of course always a recreational occasion for the villagers. The invited guests have the opportunity to enjoy a good meal, to see a puppet show or some other shows and to enjoy a card game. Naturally it is proper for them to make some contribution to the host in return for the entertainment offered.

When an inhabitant of the village needs work to be done around his house, for instance, repairing the roof, renovating the bamboo walls of the house, digging a well in KA NY A NA

1970

the courtyard, pounding rice in preparation for a feast etc., all the neighbours come for help, and are always treated with a noon meal and if their work continues into the evening they receive evening meal also. Apart from contributing labour they often bring needed tools or they lend them to the initiator of the work.

Gotong rojong activities are also undertaken by the whole village when there is a work project which all feel is a public necessity. These works may involve the construction or repair of a dam on a river which supplies irrigation for the villagers' rice fields, the building of a mosque etc. The villagers may contribute labour or also lend implements. Of course, not all the villagers gather for work at one time. The village head usually organizes and directs the project, divides the total number of the villagers who constitute the labour force into alternating teams.

The gotong rojong system also applies to the care and cleaning of ancestral graves.

Another important communal gotong rojong activity is connected with agriculture in the broad sense, i.e. in land cultivation, cattle raising, fishing, forestry etc.

The intensity of agricultural work is, of course not constant in the productive phase. In certain periods it is a light pressure, in others it is high. In the easy intervals a farmer can cope with the work alone or with the assistance of members of his family. But in the busy periods he needs help such as hoeing, planting of rice, seedlings, weeding the sawah and harvesting.

All these are gotong rojong activities to contribute manpower for the benefit of the community.

As you can perhaps see from this brief sketch of Indonesian village life, its activities are centered in the philosophy of gotong rojong.

The Indonesian government has included the traditional gotong rojong or mutual help system as a vital factor in the implementation of its policies, and community development was set on a nation wide basis with a new inspiration for progress. As we can see, originally its usage was confined to the village sphere of Indonesian society. cf.: M AY BR O TH ER H O O D P R E V A IL Q Page 23

Many people know about the Khyber Pass and the Afgan Hound, but are ignorant as to where the latter originated and where the former is! Perhaps some people have some wild ideas, according to what they have heard or read from tales and stories which have been made up for the attraction of the readers.

Unfortunately some writers still do not know about our people and their customs. I will try to show Afghanistan as she and her inhabitants are.

Afghanistan is bordered on the north by the Soviet Union, on the west by Iran, on the east by Pakistan and on the north-east by China. It has a population of nearly 16,000,000. In a country three-fifths of whose total area is mountainous, by far the most impressive physical feature is a massive folded range—the Hindu Kush. Harsh and desolate though it is, much of the landscape has an impressive beauty. The towering mountain peaks, craggy hills and dusty mesas, relieved by narrow ribbons of green in the valleys, offer a panorama, which ranks in beauty with any in the world.

Afghanistan is largely an ethnic mystery. The geography that has made it a corridor of travel in Asia, has also brought to it a series of visitors: Indo-Aryans (according to the history of the native people), Sakas, Parthians, Persians, Kushans, Greeks, Mongols, Huns, Turks and others whose names have vanished from legend. Many of these were transients, others stayed among the Afghan hills. Due to different groups of people, who settled down in Afghanistan, there are many languages and dialects spoken such as; the languages, Persian & Pustoon (both native) and Uzbelsi, and the dialects, Nuristani, Pashai Oirghizi and so on. According to the new constitution our official languages are Persian and Pushtoo.

The Afghans never submitted to aliens, their struggle against the British for independence is obvious evidence of Page 24

this (for two years our foreign policy was under the rule of the British, and even then we had our own king). The people who governed the Afghans settled down and became people of the country itself.

Mountstuart Elphinstone, who in 1809, headed the first official British mission to Afghanistan, gave this description of the Afghan character: "F o n d of liberty, faithful to their friends, kind to their dependents, hospitable, brave, hardy, frugal, labourious and prudent." Hospitality is a way of life in Afghanistan. Guests are never turned away for the Afghanistans consider a guest as sent from God and honour him accordingly. Even if somebody goes to the house of a very poor man, who has not got enough to eat, he will borrow from someone else, to cook rice and curry dishes or any other better food for his guest.

The great contrasts between wealth and poverty are scarcely evident in Afghanistan. This is because even the middle and upper classes or the majority of them, are relatively poor and because outlets for conspicuous consumption are few. The children, boys and girls, are generally well cared for and well-fed, and are almost extravagantly well clothed. It is not easy to tell rich from poor, or at least relatively poor, by outward appearances.

Their style of dress and diet is much the same, and their houses, although different in scale, are usually similar in external appearance and design.

K A N Y A NA

1970

The women have been officially quite'free to dispense with the Chadhere (purdah-veil) since 1959, and they have equal rights. They are paid equally and they can occupy the same job as any man. For example in the last election, we had three female parliamentary members and the Health Minister was a woman.

All Afghans are Moslems except a minority of Hindus, Sikhs and Jews. They are also Afghans because they have Afghan nationality and equal rights as others. (At present one of the parliamentary members is a Sikh). Islam is the official creed of the country, and Islamic law, as interpreted by the system of Abu Hanifah, is the legal code. Within Afghanistan, as in other pluralistic societies of Asia, Islam has been a major unifying force, whose traditions underlie our folklore, literature and customs. The People of Afghanistan hold their beliefs firmly, once they believe in a

creed they follow it strongly for generations until some strong change comes in. In very early times they were strong Zorasterians and the centre of this teaching was Bactra (now Balkh, a town in the north). Later on they accepted Buddhism, and the enormous statue of Buddha in Bamian (central Afghanistan) is a sample of their strong belief. Now Islam is their faith and their life. Every aspect of their life reflects the Islamic ideals—every-day work, dealing with other people, visiting relatives and friends, eating, travelling and so on. They start their meals by invoking the name of God, and finish by thanking God. They sleep and wake up in the name of God. Some observers have said that Afghanistan would once again be the centre of the relationship between East and West, I hope it will be soon. m

REALISM, IDEALISM AND FANTASY b y S alii R a y

IT W O U L D BE A N IN S U L T TO C A L L T H IS E S S A Y A N IN T E L L E C T U A L D IS C O U R S E , OR P S E U D O -IN T E L L E C T U A L , A L T H O U G H I H A V E TO S M A T T E R “IS M S " IN T H E T IT L E .

The English language affords no better. It is simply a piecing together of basically simple observations of men, their motives and their actions, which are not necessarily or directly related to the things they say.

The opinions (they are no more than just that) are very subjective, and may or may not have general validity, and if so, it is needless to say, in varying degrees only. It is also needless to say that your opinions would probably be different, but then I'm only putting these views for consideration and/or entertainment not necessarily for acceptance, or support.

A well known aphorism goes: "Those who can, do, those who can't, teach." This is probably a bit unfair to the honest practitioners in a noble profession. The conflict or a series of conflicts, arise when one considers the myriads of answers to such simple questions as: "W hat should the teacher teach?" " Is 'teaching' a one-way process?" "Can everything be taught?" "What are the limitations? One's culture, background, empathy," etc. How on earth can these things be taught. Shifting certain emphases perhaps. Is the teacher the only teacher? Of course not, ultimately one is one's own teacher; environment and interaction with it plays its part. Answers to such questions are not simple if one beats about the bush—such as trying to come to terms with such concepts as objectivity, universality, absolute morality—because no amount of debate based on word and concept juggling will solve a very real problem, namely a potentially emotionally ill-adjusted population. Such activity to me is fantasy—nourishment for the so-called do-gooders in positions of some power and influence—but plain malignancy for the unsuspecting masses.

While generalisation may be useful for providing K A NY A NA

1970

guidelines, its limitation must always be borne in mind.

Ultimately each person is an individual who defies generalization except anatomically perhaps, and then only up to a point. Bearing this in mind, one can apportion realism, idealism, and fantasy necessary for survival (both mental and physical). Crass realism (George Orwell: 1984) is as perverted and destructive as unbridled fantasy (not uncommon in artists). Both may be associates with the same objective— ironical indeed. SO W H A T ?

Let's look at technology. The reason is simple. If we look at the role of an "academ ic" as to provide an understanding of, and means for satisfying of the needs of man", at least in the developed countries the material needs are satisfied (household amenities, transport, luxuries, etc.) but not the emotional needs. The social ills beneath the facade of normality need not be elaborated here. Is it not the material affluence that is condemnatory (computers, vending machines, etc.) but the emotional bankruptcy. In short, the technicians have done their job successfully.

W hy?

—continued on page 28 Page 25

1970 A L B U M

INTERI

Page 26

KANYANA

1970

KA NY A NA

1970

Page 27

The answer can be as long as you wish. Let me be brief.

The ultimate objective is to quantify the relationship between two or more variables. The approach can be empirical or theoretical. The stnngth of the latter is that it can provide predictions for previously unencountered situations. Some of the most powerful tools of modern science were just writings on bits of paper several years before the phenomena and relationships were verified examples: Maxwell's electromagnetic theory (radio communication) Einstein's relativity theories (nuclear technology). This bit is for non-technologists who pride themselves in delving into the intoxicating catacombs of the so-called beautifully indefinable depths of the human mind (and get intoxicated): conceptualization in developing scientific theory asks for the subtlest of intellect, thorough, acute analysis; vagueness and imprecision are the worst enemies. In fairness it must be said that scientists too are capable of producing a lot of garbage, in the name of "pure research", which they claim will find use several decades hence. In short technology is not crass materialism—as some pseudo-cultural fanatics might rashly judge, sitting back on a pneumatic armchair, listening to Beethoven on two channel FM. Why can't the composite of realism-idealism-fantasy so successful in technology, be successfully applied to social problems? One reason has been mentioned in the second paragraph above. Others: the idyllic t^liss of fantasy is worth the occasional nasty brushes with reality. Reality is ugly—the phrase "ruthless reality" is the catchword for taboo movies, as though it is an exception rather than the rule. "B e a u ty " is usually associated with fantasy—e.g., a flying bird; an aeroplane is not beautiful; it is air-pollution.

If reality is ugly it is because we have made it so. Not all of nature's creation is beautiful (earthquakes, the crater of Vesuvius), nor are all man-made things ugly. Above all, most people, instead of facing reality, actually run away from it, and get idylic nourishment out of romanticising it (listen to the recent pop songs), delighting in the self-pity. That is people tend to isolate conflict situations in the hope they will disappear—remember the proverbial ostrich? It is almost suicidal to be altruistic.

Thanks for reading my junk!

(Ed. A t least he's honest).

Memories T H R O U G H the com they come with the sunlight dappling, Through the fields they run Like the wind in appting.

Past the old grey gum Rush my childhood memories.

They go rushing by *

*

*

Close my eyes and see / see children playing, Close my ears and hear / hear children laughing, Open mouths voice pleasure Or silver flakes falling, L ift m y hand to the blossom / scatter the petals. *

*

*

Through the vines they come With the light mist falling.

Through the fields they run With machine gun rattling.

Lips cold and numb Hands s tiff and trembling.

Living but to run They go rushing by. *

*

*

Close their eyes and see

They see children dying, Close their ears and hear They hear children crying.

Part their lips to speak But their words fall unheeded.

Raised arms in surrender They touch the proud falling.

Carolyn Lobegeir.

Page 28

K A N Y AN A

1970

The Mirror

Image Tom Soo

K AN Y A N A

1970

Have you ever looked in a m irror and found that unfamiliar figure which sometimes astounds you from a state that few would attribute to stupor?

You say to yourself that lore and legend have it that Man has n o t the means to fan the fires o f memory to unravel the secrets o f heaven o r purgatory.

Yet, Man's fond recall o f his escapades, like the rustling w ind through palisades o f forest greenery, arouses an awareness o f the effrontery o f human thought and existence.

Do you not see the obstinate persistence that rears its head more than once too often, to fade eventually to oblivion?

Vanity is no bastion for the strong and beautiful.

H um ility is often the hallmark and master tool o f the truly great; a treasure never discovered too late.

Powder f lu ff and finery w ill n o t mask the wrinkles and worry that time thrusts upon us all.

M any have this insidious fear before their call, while the gracious few take it with fu ll expectancy, knowing that leniency with which others afford them in their mellowing years bring with it the tenderness and tears, n o t o f sadness o r pity, bu t o f glowing satisfaction The human race is bestowed at least a fraction above the other inhabitants o f this earth.

Understandably, vocal expression o f intellect and emotion give birth to an aura o f experiences which most take fo r granted, bu t w ithout which many w ill be lost.

F ix your gaze upon that sea o f mercury which reflects the times when depression and penury have forced citizens to resort to dishonesty, and governments to support acts o f bribery, corruption and violence.

What is this restless rebellion against which Patience is seemingly fighting a losing battle?

Perishable man dings intensely to beliefs in the Immortal, while bewildered individuals question the Establishment and create confusion.

Racial prejudice has come into prominence making the quest fo r human rights one o f relevance.

The heart commiserates with the war-striken lot; die crying, the starving, and dying, brewed in a p o t o f human suffering and degradation.

Why must there be this complication to upset a nation's plans?

A critical self-analysis which spans the whole horizon o f human personality traits seems vitally essential, the m irror thus awaits the beholder to cast his image, one true to himself, o r to be condemned fo r sacrilege.

Page 29

Review and Renew

by I. M. B. Cribb, Warden, International House, Brisbane

A fter almost six years of exciting existence it is, perhaps, salutary to attempt to evaluate what International House has been and what it aspires to be.

The year 1965 saw International House become a member of I.C.C. with sixty four students from twelve different countries in College. Somehow a collective feeling (perhaps that elusive concept of college spirit) was engendered and it was this feeling of communion which involved many people in activities for which (under normal circumstances) they had neither the time, inclination, nor often the aptitude.

1966 saw the completion o f Towers E and F and numbers rose to 98 men. This year was a d iffic u lt one as more than one-third of the college membership was new and many were not fired by the optimism and enthusiasm o f the foundation members. The presence of some twenty-three post graduate students did, however, prove a beneficial and stabilising influence.

By the beginning of 1967 it was fe lt that International House was in a position to attempt to fu lfil its rather special rule w ithin the life of the University and that of the comm unity at large. Firstly, International House was to be a meeting place to provide opportunities fo r cross cultural education. Secondly, but perhaps more immediate, it was to offer conditions whereby the individual might achieve his academic goals and his own self-fulfilment. Thus were instituted annual Seminars and Lectures, South-East Asian Evenings and International Soirees. Thus, our honour roll includes fo ur University Medallists and nine Doctors of Philosophy.

Since 1969 International House has had a population of 151 students including 53 women. Nineteen nationalities are represented at College. Future buildings w ill increase the amenities— a new dining room, an administration tower (with a Vice-Warden's flat, board rooms, library, committee rooms, music and television rooms) but resident numbers are not likely to increase unless flats fo r married tutors are b u ilt at a later date. Finally, the much needed landscaping w ill be done.

Certain questions come to mind. My idea of International House in 1965 was to preserve some o f the values of the church colleges whilst incorporating ideas which stressed the freedom and dignity of the individual w ithin the framework o f his community. In other words, that the function o f International House was not to try to mould the student in a preconceived image of a "college" man but rather to allow o f his personal, social and academic fu lfilm en t w ithin the college framework. International House would then become part-college, part hall of residence and hopefully would gain the best o f both worlds.

Some would argue that none o f this has been achieved; that we p itifu lly imitate the "colleges" and yet have none o f the Page 30

real advantages of a "h a ll"; that formal meals, participation in I.C.C. sport are hollow trappings of a degenerated and outworn tradition. Whilst accepting some o f these criticisms, at least in part, I would suggest that some ritual is necessary in any society and that should International House descend into being purely a "boarding" House it will fu lfil even less than now the hopes and wishes of its founders or of its members. Formal dinners are an occasion when the individual members congregate as a community; where they can identify themselves as part o f a selective group; and surrender a little of themselves fo r the general good o f their community. I have used formal dinners as an example o f what any individual must do when he elects or is selected to join a community.

Alm ost six years have passed and I would hope to see retained in future years such features as the Soiree and the Seminar and participation in sport fo r pure enjoyment. I would hope to witness a renewal of the selfless enthusiasm, of the all round and general cooperation and participation in college activities which has characterised other years.

Thoughtfulness and consideration fo r the needs o f others; a conscious attempt by each person to try to discover likenesses rather than differences between persons; a determined e ffo rt to make the concept o f "B rotherhood" w ork— all o f these features are just so necessary, if International House is to continue to flourish. Finally I am convinced that it w ill blossom provided each member makes a practical e ffo rt to contribute something o f himself to others and to the generous spirit of the College. Any discrepancy between an ideal and its practice is, in a large measure, correctable by human beings. So it all depends on each o f us to ensure that the infant traditions already established are given a fu ll chance to work their way to fruition.

Conclusively, the English seventeenth century poet, John Donne would sum it all up when he said: "N o man is an island entire of himself Every man is a piece o f the continent, a part o f the main.

A ny man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in Mankind! "

KANYANA

1970

In S e a rc h o f an Identity

By H. F. HO

In a world of misunderstandings and disputes, of wars and poverty, people tend to seek for a utopia, a better place to live. Naturally, there are also energetic people who, in their own small way, try to make this world a better place to live. So came about the existence of International House, where, under the one same roof, is housed a bunch of youngsters who, in the pursuit of knowledge as well as internationalism, temporarily abandon their homes, and make this place their home away from home.

What makes I.H. an unique entity on the campus is that, people here, while maintaining an international outlook, still retain their own identity. Whereas in other colleges, overseas students being in the minority, they are churned out to become either conformists or social dropouts. People here are proud of what they are. Just as the Australians are proud of being called Aussies, and who adamantly defend' the White Australian Policy, the overseas students are as proud of their origin. This deep sense of belonging is invariably evident in people of different countries, be it a war-torn country where second world war has not ended, or a rugged society where people struggle day-in and day-out for sheer survival.

Language should not be a barrier in the pursuit of understanding, because accent can be tuned to, and way of expression accustomed to. Do you notice that, the one in the college who preaches, and who practises tolerance, Mr. Cribb, when he talks to an overseas student, his countenance solemn, his ears pricked, to try to figure out what the guy has to tell him?

I.H. is the meeting place for people, the Kanyana, so they say. But what has I.H. accomplished? Besides being a showcase to the overseas visitors and the V IP guests where there are housed some rare, exotic specimens from well over twenty countries. The hops, the drinking of X X X X to the rhythm of down, down, down, down, the car rally, the boat race etc., are all traditional. W hy not call this college St. John's the 2nd, or better still, Martin's House, in honour of the founder? Why keep the euphonic name of International House? Yes, anything that is associated with the name International has a magic appeal to the hearts of the idealists, the empty-hearted, disillusioned intellectuals, and the millionaires.

There is a genuine lack of cultural as well as intellectual activities in this place. The Sunday Night Talks organised by the American enthusiast two years ago was a tremendous success for a small group of hard-core KANYANA

1970

supporters. Stimulating topics presented and discussed ranged from South Africa's Aparthied Policy to the American capitalist's ideal of a great society. How many members of the college did take advantage of this intellectual intercourse? Last years' series of Sunday Night Talks, again organised by an overseas enthusiast, had a phenomenal success in the first two talks, but was a complete failure in the rest, due to lack of supporters. To quote Mr. Cribb, the audience just didn't do justice to the speakers. The poor attendance was not only an insult to the invited, distinguished speakers, but also a shame to I.H. An analysis of the initial phenomanal success points out that sex has a far greater appeal in any sort of undertaking. Half the college turned up to the talks on Abortion and Contraception, whereas the rest of the intellectual topics could hardly mobilise any supporters. In retrospect, an incident passed unnoticed last year when Mr. Cribb extended his normal invitation to college members to the Annual Seminar on The Future of Overseas Chinese. A guy murmured, but was loud enough for me to overhear, "tough luck". If this is the general attitude of the members here, then the future of I.H. is doomed. International Soiree is perhaps the only successful annual event, but people soon run out of ideas, and run out of things to exhibit too, especially under the strong competition from another International Organisations. I.H. is in a unique position to stage many undertakings of international flavour, and no doubt there are many enthusiasts who would be willing to shoulder the responsibility. But the prospect of a doomed adventure and of the lack of support from within, cause many an idealist to resign and retreat.

So what can we expect I.H. to accomplish? In a small way I.H. does have a unique function to play. It is the nurture of friendship. Mr. Martin was overwhelmed by the hospitality that he received in his recent trip overseas. I was not a bit surprised. In fact, his experience testifies a teaching in the book of Analects (one of the four Page 31

Confucian Conical Books). The Master Confucius said, and I quote, "is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters?'' Mr. Martin's personal triumph inspires us.

Perhaps to relate a personal experience of mine would bring out the point more clearly. It was at one of those public lectures held on the campus. It happened that evening that I was the only exotic species there. People threw an unfriendly stare at me and I returned them with an empty gaze. I began to ask myself why I was there in the first place, if not because the speaker was the Principal of the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies. I was alone in the no-man's land for a full ten minutes and was in a state of deep dreaming when a middle-aged man approached me.

Unfortunately I have forgotten his name. After a brief conversation I found out that he was a graduate from the Harvard University, and in his undergraduate days had a few good friends from India and Pakistan. I suppose that is why he still maintains an interest in people from a strange land. People often talk about Man International, man having an international outlook, but, in reality, International Understanding is just an empty slogan, or perhaps a dirty political trick, if it is without a touch of personal feeling. Perhaps I.H. could provide ground and opportunity for such personal experience.

When Mr. Cribb says the Grace at Formal Dinners, he says it, "M a y Brotherhood prevail and Our Home everywhere be blessed", with such earnestness and hopefullness that it reverberates for a long while for those who have ears to hear. We do hope that his dedication to I.H., and the tremendous efforts of fund-raising done by Mr. Martin will not be in vain. Perhaps with the I.H. Alumni Society growing in strength, and the establishment of strong bonds between people of different lands, I.H. could fully live up to her motto. na

IN T E R N A T IO N A L H O U S E - A F A R E W E L L Tall and erect are The pagodas o f the East In the West.

Displayed on the faces A re m any virtues, that Lie deep in their breasts.

Colourless buildings H arbouring no system, b ut Equality and Freedom ; Flags o f m any nations The Hearts o f One, Asserted in their Attitude and Wisdom.

Speaking different tongues, and Preaching countless gods, Strangers gather, to m ake A beginning; To an E n d .. . o f all e n d s . . .

Before their departing. pray, / hope This sm all beacon will remain Ut F o r m y generation, and theirs.

To see, and in excited reverence, utter, M ay Brotherhood prevail.

A n d our H om es everywhere be Blessed. " /

A. K A N E SIN (Reprinted from Kanyana '68)

Page 32

KANYANA

1970

A survey o f opinions and a ttitudes o f a group o f Sydney, N.S.W., Melbourne and Queensland In te rn a tio n a l House residents.

b y Sue Ruscoe

DO YOU KNOW T H A T —with regards to the feelings of I .H. students towards their individual colleges: Only one out of five residents of Melbourne I.H. would recommend their college to a friend who wanted somewhere to live and study. Apparently there are too many rules and regulations at Melbourne I.H ., as one resident put it: "the general atmosphere is too formal, to the exclusion of a relaxed atmosphere" and hence "mature relationships are prevented from developing."

In contrast all the other students from the various colleges would recommend their International Houses to friends—perhaps their is something to be said for the co-ed colleges (NOTE: Melbourne International House is all-male).

However, there was one exception, a frustrated (or cagey) Sydney guy would recommend Sydney I.H . to females o n ly (the male/female ratio there is 2:1).

The majority of the International House residents agreed that there were cultural and fellowship benefits to be gained in staying at such a college. In replying to the question posed "W H A T PURPOSE DOES YOUR I.H . SERVE?", one Melbourne resident (an Australian summed his opinion up well: " It brings together people of vastly different ideas and backgrounds where one can accept the new worthwhile ideas of one's overseas friends and throw over some of the less worthwhile ideas of one's own, i.e. it gives two outlooks on life, where the best of both can prevail."

"The objectives of friendship and brotherhood are not always achieved, but a semblance of tolerance is."

S Y D N E Y I.H . resident. " It is almost like a home to me" BRISBANE I.H. overseas resident.

Another question asked in the survey was: "Is 'brotherhood' a workable concept in the I.H . at which you reside?"

One Sydney resident replied: Residents seem to be more occupied with their studies than to achieve the 'international brotherhood'. . . I think 'brotherhood' is quite an artificial term. But residents do make friendships with residents from different nationalities, cultural backgrounds. Another member from the same college seemed to think that brotherhood is "too much of a workable concept", the notion of incest is very hard to shake o ff", he said. (They must have an interesting time at Sydney I.H .I) Overall most residents from Sydney, Melbourne, N.S.W., or Brisbane, agreed that "brotherhood" was a reasonably workable (though not totally) concept. " It seems to w ork". (N.S.W. I.H . resident) " It is limited to personal relationships; not everyone to everyone;" (Sydney I.H . resident.) A rationally minded N.S.W. resident (overseas student) stated that "brotherhood at the I.H. is as workable a concept between all nationalities as it is between, say, all Australians. There are always some, no matter what nationality who prefer to keep to themselves"—as a Queenslander more forcefully put it, this concept of brotherhood is workable "on a smaller scale compared to the ridiculous 100% success it wishes to achieve." Others perhaps more honest, disillusioned or unfortunate in their experiences at International House replied that brotherhood was a workable concept "only outwardly" (Sydney); "only to a slight extent" (Qld); or, "not to any real level—it is more a state of living in the same area with other students 50% of whom happen to be from overseas. (Melbourne); and there was this terse reply from one Queensland resident: "good question!"

FO O TN O TE —O f all the Australian International Houses (taking this survey as a basis), Brisbane's seems to have the most personal atmosphere. One student from Melbourne said that the atmosphere at his International House was "cfinical" rather than impersonal—so much for too much form ality in colleges.— W H AT DO YO U T H IN K ? ? ?

KAN YA N A

1970

Page 33

There were quite a number o f amusing and thoughtful replies to the question: "W H AT ARE THE RELATIONS LIKE BETWEEN OVERSEAS AND AU STR ALIAN RESIDENTS AT YOUR COLLEGE?" Here are some: OLD: "There's no open warfare" (whew!) "There are cases of very warm friendship."

SYDNEY: "Between (1 ) AU STR ALIANS and ASIANS (especially Chinese) limited contact only.

(2) AUSTRALIANS and NON-ASIANS-good.

(3) ASIAN and NON-ASIAN— limited, but not nearly as much as in (1)".

MELBOURNE: "Some strain due to the tendency to conglomerate in cliques".

OLD: "There are very good relations between students except fo r a few self-centred persons here and there." (Fortunately no names were mentioned!)

SYDNEY: "The factors which influence relations are tolerance, common activities and sex m otivations" (There's always a female's touch to everything!)

OLD: "The relationship between Australian and overseas males are tolerant or indifferent and that between Australian females and overseas males slightly warmer but still cautious.

N.S.W.: "Good . . . probably because the average age is older than at the other colleges. More mature people in our House.

(Something to be said fo r including only older students in International Houses?)

SYDNEY: " I t very much depends on.individual personalities."

N.S.W.: "V ery good relationships . . . because the idea o f intermingling is not forced on us, but comes through playing and studying together."

SYDNEY: "There are detached friendships. Real friendships easier to achieve w ith people speaking your own tongue."

And finally from a Queenslander: "Between overseas and Australian residents' " — is there a distinction? ! Why force this distinction by constant insistence that you group Australians and overseas as entities apart?"

The m ajority o f overseas students who completed the survey did not think that their International House provided the broadest opportunities to experience the Australian way o f life. " I am afraid the group o f Australians that live in the House come from rather a narrow social group w ithin the Australian scene. I should th ink that only certain Australians would feel inclined to stay in a Hall o f Residence where 50% o f residents are overseas students!"

(N.S.W. I.H. resident) "M y stay here has only broadened my knowledge o f other countries; the opportunities fo r understanding Australian life are less here than I experienced in boarding school".

(Brisbane) " I f Aussie life is all grog, surf and tu rf this may be evidenced quite well here, but if not, this is not well demonstrated at I.H ".

(Brisbane)

________________________________ ¡a

BOB BROWNING’S ST. LUCIA

SUPA-VALU FOOD MARKET

Phone 70 8849 Page 34

K A N Y AN A

1970

SUPRANATIONAL HOUSE

by Godfrey Mantle

The very description of this college supports the concept Nationalism, and in acknowledging the validity of this concept, we unintentionally endorse an evil, and add the weight of our approval to the world's misery, to mankind's unhappiness. The title " IN T E R N A T IO N A L " describes to the cause of mankind's present agony; and we have a duty, a moral obligation, to sweep this title and its implications aside, and step above it to Supranationalism, to Supranational House.

If the sufferings of Vietnam, the two World Wars, and the material poverty of the third world is trivial, then this suggestion is trivial; but, if it is not, let us proceed to discuss the meaning of Nationalism, examine its historical development in order to point out that many have a misconception of this origin, and then perceive some of the implications of this force.

It would be easy, but not honest, to give a short, precise definition of nationalism. Snyder illustrates the general pattern of historians discussing the problems of attempting such a definition in the passage: ... nationalism reflects the chaos of history itself. As a historical phenomena, it is always in flux, changing according to no preconceived pattern. It is multifaced, dishevelled, murky, irreduciable to common denominators. (I) But although one cannot accurately provide some succinct yet comprehensive description, it is a relatively easy matter to outline the key attitudes of those who subscribe to the ideal Nationalism. The Nationalist hasthat "state of mind in which the supreme loyalty of the individual is felt to be owed to the national state; he believes that his nation is the best in the world, a righteous nation, and a great nation. He feels that his nation has a unique historical and cultural heritage, and very often that his nation is blessed by God. This broadly, is the attitude of the nationalist and we can examine how the concepts in which he believes came to dominate the thoughts and actions of the political man this century.

The division of the world into nation states, with the primary loyalty of the individual lying with the nation, is not a natural or necessary phenomena. Whereas some feel that their nations are a natural development, or the result of the final liberation of a nation which has always existed, this is essentially incorrect, and the truth is that nationalism as we know it today is nothing more than a historical development which is neither necessary or desirable.

Mendehall, in his book "T he Search for a Principle of Authority in Europe" suggests that man must, by his very nature be governed, and in the book implies that man must have a sense of belonging; an object for his loyalty. Perhaps it is indeed a psychological necessity that the man is a social animal, and that this 'naked ape' must appeal to some principle of authority, but even if one intuitively agrees K A NY A NA

1970

with this thesis, the fact still remains that nationalism is a historical, not a natural phenomena.

The new nations of the 20th century, occupying one third of the earth's surface, and with half its population, followed the path their former masters had taken in the previous century. Each 'discovers' its own history, culture, and moves to express its own identity, self interest and sovereignty.

But whatever the forces responsible for the initial surge of nationalism, the system was reinforced at every turn.

The state often provided free education, and the state saw that their spending was a worthwhile investment. The schoolmaster twisted and distorted the truth to glorify the past "h isto ry " of the nation, and emphasised that the state was desirable and natural. Distant events which in fact had little connection with the present nation were resurrected as national triumphs. Advertising, radio, newspapers, cinema and, later, television all encouraged the national myth of greatness, and enforced a uniform pattern of speech, dress and action. Transport systems tended to be patterned with regard to the national boundaries, and economic systems and trade pacts paralleled national interest.

But all this has become for us a way of life. From birth we have been suckled on the myth of nationalism, and per­ haps some of us believe that man must live in some type of group, that he must belong to something, feel that the nation state and its ensuing myths is the best way for us to exist.

There is this tendency in modern times to regard the nation state as the medium through which civilization is best assured and advanced, and indeed whatever the drawbacks, there need be little doubt that we do enjoy concrete economic benefits considerably in advance ofthat enjoyed by previous generations. But nationalism, initially offered to the West as a condition of civilised life, a principle of freedom and a basis of justice, became a threat to civilisation, a scourge of anarchy, and a mockery of political morality.

Nationalism has subverted the civil liberties which it was at first intended to protect and parallel. Personal liberties have been subverted in the name of nationalism—this tendency becoming more pronounced in fascist or totalitarian regimes, or in a nation at war.

Page 35

It would be naive to point to one thing as the cause of the world's present dilemna, but consider the remarkable insight of the historian C. J. Hayes who wrote in 1930: We Americans must give immediate and close thought to our own American education. We have at present too many beams in our eyes . . . and unpardonable self deception. We boast of our schools, our intelligence, our wealth, our leisure, our great free press, our service and oúr altruism. We talk more about peace than any other nation. Yet in f a c t . . . we are particularly intolerant of any domestic dissent, of all foreigners and minorities in our mi dst . . . we go in for the biggest navy a f l oat . . . we press forward imperialism and unblushingly deny to Latin America what we claim for ourselves. (2) Only now after forty years does the world echo Hayes analysis, but even now we unblushingly affirm the myth of nationalism. Perhaps it is useless to speculate as to what might have been had man been a little more sane, but after Vietnam, Cambodia, the exploitation of Latin America, and explosion of the ghettoes one might well with that even now all countries would learn a little from Hayes. Had President Nixon learnt from Hayes, he may have saved us the devastation of yet another country by American fire-power, for when he justified the invasion of Cambodia to his countrymen, he did not appeal to moral reason for his actions, but instead appealed to the nationalist myth.

Never would he let his country be defeated; never would America be humiliated.

Or, to quote "Newsweek" analysis of the present world situation: Americans have always believed that we are invincible precisely because we are God's chosen people and the bearers of His morality to the world. For those infected with two centuries or more of self righteous chauvinism our debacle in Vietnam must call into question our national cause and—even in this secular age—seem like God's abandonment of his people in the wake of their succumbing to the sins of pride and avarice. (3) It is not only the American people and their leaders who admit to the untruth and evil of nationalism. They are merely classics of the age.

Refer to another example of the evil power of nationalism to another complex conflict, the first World War. For its own security each national government believed it had to create a solid and strong front against every other nation. Each nation in consequence had to build its national forces, make alliances expand its trade and colonial empire. That this solution brought disaster, seems to have proved nothing. Observe the missiles race.

The nationalist tradition is but 200 years old, and for new nations less than 50 years old. Family, school, the teaching and writing of history and literature, the press, and even sports and entertainment all exercise pressure in the direction of nationalism.

But let us recognize that our concept of nationalism is based on a lie, a misconception of historical events, and this misconception has in this century caused war, and by stunting movements for a supranational community, thwarted efforts for peaceful and a happier world.

Our Western civilization,, and this is one of the marks of a highly civilized society, teaches its intelligent men to look for variation from whatever seems the norm, and classify them within closed semantic concepts. This, in the present Page 36

case, usually means the study of national thought and action, not the universal or local study but of fragments of nationalism as they particularly differ from other fragments.

If man must be a social animal, then let him owe his allegiance to mankind's happiness, not to the wealth or glory of a nation. If we are to study history let us study with an objective viewpoint, not with the aim of glorifying the nation. Only when we change our present attitude will we be able to achieve any real world progress; only then will world aims not be thwarted by narrow national aims.

Then the ideals for which this college was established become more than a myth, and the title of Supranational House will be a thing which future generations will look back upon as a symbol of great courage; as the first hard step in the right direction.

Notes 1. Snyder "Nationalism" p. 4.

2. Hayes C. J., "History of the Evolution Nationalism" p. 32.

3. Newsweek magazine July 6, 1970 p. 18.

of

Modern __ IN

Sentiments of a Frustrated Traffic Listener.

Why doesn't the traffic stop, start Still—and then we'll have none o f its— continual clanging dashing chattering Racing dashing Groaning noises.

Z z z z z z z .............. errrrrrrrr!

bang ! ! !

Why doesn't it just shut up.

Can't it consider how much I'd be obliged to it, and thank it?

B ut no—it opens its metal teeth devours cars noisily—mechanical noises Uninteresting, grinding, jarring, noises. . .

Z zz z z z z .............. errrrrrrr!

band ! ! !

SLR.

KA N V A N A

1970

EXECUTIVE-1970 L. to R.: D. Baguley; G. Redding; K. Burnside; G. Clyde; B. Prentice.

GENERAL COMMITTEE-1970 L. to R.: D. Baguley, M. Rossiter; G. Redding; K. Burnside; G. Clyde; B. Prentice; Leong; R. Minchin.

INTERNATIONAL

STUDENTS'

HOUSE

ACTIVITIES

OFFICE B E A R ER S 1970

President: Kathryn Burnside Vice-President: David Baguley Vice-President (Women's): Beryl Prentice Secretary: Geoff Clyde Treasurer: Graham Redding Year Representatives Post-Graduate: Merilyn Rossiter Fourth Year and above: Andrew Grope Third Year: Robert Hodge Second Year: Leong First Year: Robert Minchin

That Brotherhood may Prevail

T HI S PAGE IS D O N A T E D BY THE Q U E E N S L A N D U N I V E R S I T Y BOOKSHOP. K A N YA N A

1970

Page 37

PRESIDENT’S REPORT "International House Students Club seeks to promote the interests and ideals of International House and to represent members in matters affecting their interests and to regulate cultural, sporting and social activities". It seems to me that the best way to report on and assess the year 1970 is to do so with regard to the constitution of the Students' Club and to evaluate its success from the stated aims of this body.

The interests and ideals of I.H. would seem to be contained in our name and m otto— That brotherhood may prevail— urging members o f I.H. to be dedicated to the ideal o f brotherhood. Unfortunately, brotherhood is not spontaneous, although ideally it should originate from personal considerations of the fellowship o f man, it requires a concentrated e ffo rt on the part o f everyone fo r tolerance, communication and understanding. Taking an objective and realistic look at the fu lfilm en t of I.H. ideals, I think members w ith grand visions and ideals have perhaps been disillusioned. Those who thought that the College would foster international goodwill to all corners of the earth have perhaps been disappointed. I.H. Brisbane has solved no international crises, nor given the solution to any interacial problems. Even to suggest that College itself is nothing but love and harmony, is to delude ourselves. It is essential to be more moderate in defining our concept of brotherhood— after all I.H. involves only 150 people each year. A group o f this size can still maintain the interests of the individual and it is on this personal and individual level that the most progress towards brotherhood can be made and evidenced. Brotherhood cannot be forced— it can only be encouraged— bringing people together doesn't automatically lead to friendship. International House provides a Kanyana— "meeting place"— from then on it is up to the individual. He can learn to assess people, irrespective o f their racial origin.

There w ill always be people whom we value more than others— they w ill be our friends whether black, brown, yellow or white. There w ill always be tendencies fo r closed groups to develop whether national or similar interest oriented. As residents o f I.H. it must now be evident to us that no country has a premium o f goodness or selfishness or generosity or tolerance. If learning is the quest o f truth, we at I.H. can learn some truths about hum anity— the truth about man is not grand, but we can learn to live in a genuinely honest, genuinely reciprocal world o f human relationships— this is part o f the success of I.H. Perhaps friendships w ith overseas students have broken down some of our Australian parochialism and aroused us from typically subjective and apathetic response.

We have learned to respect the differences o f others while enjoying what we have in common. In I.H. we have an opportunity to listen to each other, to expose our ignorances and prejudices, to involve ourselves in disagreement and rethinking. Ultimately we can make a critical evaluation o f our own society's traditions and values and see its advantages and limitations.

While speaking at College earlier in 1970, the Vice Chancellor Zelman Cowen said he d id n't know what we were achieving, if anything, at I.H., but to keep on trying. I suggest that our ideal of brotherhood has been reinforced Page 38

and continued this year on an individual level. I believe that real exchanges have taken place in personal encounters and among small groups of friends. It is likely that experiences at greatest depth w ill only occur in such intimate groups, and fo r most o f us in I.H. there w ill never again be such an opportunity fo r discovery, fo r facing the shock of new, foreign and often uncongenial ideas w ithin an environment o f goodwill.

Leaving the "interests and ideals" o f I.H., the next aim of the Students Club is " to represent members in matters affecting their interests". 1970 was the year of "Feedback"— I.H. fortnightly publication in which the students and the warden and latterly, the BOG would voice their opinions, suggestions and complaints. This bulletin has improved communication w ithin college and enabled everyone to keep up to date w ith local happenings. We have tried to represent Student opinion to the BOG and in this way have acquired an Alumni rep. Throughout the year the BOG have been attentive to our requests and generous in acquiescing to our needs. As far as the "cultural. Sporting and Social activities" o f the Students' Club is concerned, the year has been generally successful. The first week of the May vacation was Corroboree— a trium ph fo r I.H. Brisbane.

Our annual I.H. lecture took the form o f a day long seminar this year. We were honoured by the presence of Zelman Cowan, but the disappointing numbers did not justify the speakers, nor the work and organization that college members had put into the day.

The Soiree o f 1970 gave all college members an opportunity to participate and enlighten us as to their cultural heritage. This year's outside venue was a success, the weather was kind and the large crowd really enjoyed the evening.

Our sporting results tell their own story, but I.H. continued its record o f participation in I.C.C. Sporting competitions.

I.H. social functions were hailed as great successes this year. Thanks to a small keen group o f workers, we entered the third prize float in the Commem. Procession and unsinkable boat in the river race. First term hop was an enjoyable evening and the I.H. A t Home was unprecedented in its success and the praise it gained.

I thank those individuals who have participated and co-operated, giving so much o f their time to the work of the College. I like to think that those who surrendered a small part of themselves fo r I.H. community, w ill ultim ately gain something greater; that the rich and varied experiences, the sharing o f a corporate multi-racial college life have led to a mutual understanding o f peoples, of cultures and o f problems common to all mankind, and an opportunity fo r all to grow in tolerance and understanding.

E3 KANYANA

1970

ALUMNI NOTES: SECRETARY'S REPORT —compiled by James Hirsch The Board o f Governors changed its constitution to provide a place on the Board fo r an Alum ni representative.

The following constitutional changes are proposed to make a place fo r such a representative: Add to Section 4.

"The Alum ni representative to the Board o f Governors shall be elected at this meeting."

Add Subsection 6 (c).

"6 (c) Alum ni Representative. (i) Liaise when necessary between the Board of Governors the Alum ni, and where possible the students. (ii) Submit a report at the Annual General meeting briefly outlining the activities o f the Board of Governors."

In Section 11 (a) add "and the Alum ni Representative to the Board of Governors" after " . . . appointment o f a Secretary and Treasurer o f the Association."

(Proposer: James Hirsch Seconder: John Boyd.)

In the meantime we w ill delegate someone to take up the position. Our constitution requires that the amendment be published in the magazine to allow all members to vote—so send your votes in to the Secretary by June 1, 1971.

Briefly, this change has come from activities at the beginning o f the year from the A lum ni, Students, and the Board itself to try and improve the understanding o f the Board by the students and o f the students by the Board.

The Alum ni representative is one of the moves to have come up. Another from the Warder and Students has been the proposed circulation of the college newsletter "Feedback" to the Board. Also a six man committee o f Board and student representatives is looking into the various channels o f communication.

Well, so much fo r the proposed change—now a quick look at the year's activities:— We got a team together to play in the orientation seven-a-side hockey match at college—we (with help) made the second round. We also challenged college during the May vacation to a game o f soccer which turned o ut to be quite a th rill—College managing to hold us to a 3-all draw.

The match was followed by a successful barbeque at our fla t w ith Andy Keefe cooking "to rte lla " Membership is going up steadily. We sent out 37 free magazines to encourage people to join but replies were very disappointing We have just sent out a letter to those who have recently left college inviting them to join. One member after missing the college soiree because he d idn't know it was on criticised us fo r not communicating enough—the criticism is valid and we are trying to arrange for a liason officer in college. It has been proposed that student Vice-president should be the man. We hope this w ill lead to regular information being supplied to our members.

We are hoping to arrange another soccer match and barbeque during the August holidays and then later in the year an Association dinner. We also aim at getting at least one newsletter out.

K A N Y AN A

1970

This tim e last year we had formed but only just—now we are well on the road.

The A.G.M. w ill be held on October 22, at International House, Brisbane.

TREASURER'S REPORT The I.H. Alum ni Association finances are steadily growing. We now have a balance o f $193.56. We have only spent $7.00 so far, this being on petty cash items, such as postage and stationery. If you have any old International House (Brisbane) friends please encourage them to join. If you, or they, have any payment or currency problems please let us know, so we can help you.

John Boyd.

WHERE ARE THEY ?

News o f some past students o f I.H. John Eakins is currently treating the residents of Sheffield, England to the melodious strains o f his bassoon.

A t other times he studies fo r his master's degree in information science at Sheffield University and w ill later take up a position w ith a London pharmaceutical company.

Brian Hegarty left I.H. in 1968 to be married and completed his Ph.D. in Chemistry at U.Q. in 1969. Now employed as a plant superintendent at I.C.I.A.N.Z. Botany Site, Sydney, he is also studying fo r a Masters in Business Administration at U.N.S.W. Renagi Lohia enrolled at U.P.N.G. in 1968 and has been very active in student life there ever since. He recently received his B.A. and is now completing his B.Ed. Renagi was married in December last year. His spare tim e is now fu lly taken up w ith his duties as Sub-Warden o f Niomura House, Vice-President o f the S.R.C., Director o f WUS, NUAUS Liaison Officer etc.

Clive Leinster represented Darwin late last year, and Cairns this year, in hockey, and was unfortunate not to have made the Queensland side. Between times he helps manage his father's business, work fo r an accountant, and has "a-Spier-ations" w ith or fo r a northern school teacher in home town Atherton.

M. R. LIST OF MEMBERS 10.8.70 D o n A lla n , C /- 2 0 G eno a S t .r S u rfe rs Paradise, Q . 4 2 1 7 .

T re v o r A llin g h a m , P .O . B ox 1 0 1 , P o rt M o re sb y.

Steve A tk in s o n , C /- K. J o y c e, 71 A s c o t S tre e t, A s c o t, Brisbane.

R ay B e ilb y , T y n e d a le A p a rtm e n t, F la t N o . 5, 3 5 T h e Esplanade, S t.

L u cia. 4 0 6 7 .

J ohn B o y d , In fo r m a tio n and E x te n s io n T ra in in g B ranch, D .P .I., W illia m S t., Brisbane.

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Iv o r C rib b , C /- In te rn a tio n a l H ouse, 5 R o c k S tre e t, S t. Lu cia Brisbane.

T ra n M in h D u e , 1 8 5 / 4 P ham Ngu L ao, S aigo n, S o u th V ie tn a m .

Jo h n E a k in s , " W ild a c re " , M o o rla n d , N o r th B rid g e w a te r, S om erset, U .K .

Jo h n T e y Y e w H o n g , 17 Jalan D e lim a , K u a la L u m p u r, M a la y sia.

M a lc o lm H u n te r , P .O . B ox 3 4 8 , C /- D .A .S .F . B u b ia, via Lae, M o ro b e D is tric t, T .P .N .G .

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Ian K eys, 3 4 P a tric k S tre e t, D a lb y , Q . 4 4 0 5 .

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P h illip W angh, Savages R o a d , B ro o k fie ld , Q . 4 0 6 9 .

Page 39

Your voice, I heard last night— That "hee-he"bedevilling laughter.

I t seduced m y thoughts with past delight, A n d hastened m y path to disaster.

Ah, what fate to swot and hope.

While others laugh and play.

But worse, to remorse and mope, O f goods things passed away.

ONE Day in Frustration waste, ANOTHER in the Joy o f Life to taste— Ah, the Bright is enlightening, and the Time Draws near to the Dawn o f Nothing—OH, make haste m y Love.

Tick, tick, tick o f the dock on the shelf.

Time fo r golden flower to curl in herself.

The possum blinks a bleary eye; The frangipannis fall My love is in the dary—by God My love—help l i f t this heavy pall.

SELFISH HEART FROM MY LOVE I RETREAT / aspire—p uffin g cold air, jogging uphill.

A n d the bright, big moon shines above to m y Love / run.

Where is she? How is she? From the window sill under the willow.

I see her—Lovely.

W ill you come m y Love? The moon is calling, A nd m y heart is beating. Why m y Love?

You love me and yet you don't.

Ah, this heart, this passion, this misunderstanding— From m y Love / retreat.

Page 40

Censure n o t m y selfish heart.

For being false to dreams o f yours.

Reason needs to play a part A nd rise above the lures o f A rt, To keep self-interest fo r a cause.

I f you love me as you say, A n d do respect m y every need.

Come le t us lately fly away, and laugh in the face o f yesterday, 'T ill o ld wounds cease to bleed.

B ut I f you s till refuse to see, That parting now w ill cause pain, Address a last farewell to me I shall n o t weep a t your decree.

First duty must to Self remain.

K A N YA N A

1970

SPORTS NEWS Compiled by Dave Baguley.

I.H. ATHLETICS TEA M -1970 Back: B. Darvall; A. Sy; P. Young; T. Soo; S. Maso; B. Speirs; V. Tuicola.

Second Row: K. Wong; C. Lobegeier; B. Henderson; D. Locken; C. Heath.

Front Row: P. Yong; D. Miller; D. Carlyle; H. Underwood; L. Moore; R. Lee.

Premiership-wise, 1970 will be remembered as the year when our girls’ basketball (netball?) team swept all the opposition before them to become undisputed winners of the competition. Also, how in a great reversal of form, our soccer team fought its way to the finals and another premiership. Our men's athletics team was narrowly beaten into second place in the long awaited carnival. Most other college teams performed very creditably and thanks must be extended to their coaches and supporters. Our Scoop-Room is also filled with trophies which were won in the sporting contests conducted during the International Houses Corroboree in May.

G IR L S ' B A S K E T B A L L Dedicated practice and team spirit enabled our team to come out of every match as victors, and in most cases by a very respectable margin. Despite the fact that they were playing two matches every weekend (plus hockey matches) the girls, ably led by Annie Lee showed the larger colleges how the game should be played.

Results were: I.H.v Grace .................................

23-10 I.H. V Raymont L o d g e ................................ 31-5 I.H.v U n i o n ............................................24-13 I.H. V D u c h e sn e ......................................... 14-5 I.H. V M ilt o n ..............................................16-9 I.H.v W o m e n s......................................... 20-14 I.H. T E A M : Annie Lee, Cathy Heath, Caroline Sawyer, Barbara Henderson, Rasma Lee, Kini Wong, Dagmar Loeken.

KANYANA

1970

RESERVES: Lobegeier.

Beryl

Prentice, Penny Yong, Caroline

SO CCER We started the season without any form of organisation.

We had the players, but who were not interested in training, confident they could rely on their past experience and acquired skill.

A disorganised team met an efficient Kings' side in our first match and came back very tired losing 0-7. The same disorganised bunch met St. Leo's in the next match and managed to scrape home a win. A slightly better organised team encountered St. John's and won quite convincingly.

We found ourselves in the semi-finals meeting Union, decided to get a bit enthusiastic, came back from behind late in the game and drew. A replay was necessary to provide the other finalists to meet Kings. We won the replay and were through to the finals.

In the finals, a team that was terribly disorganised only three weeks before, finally took things seriously, managed to gain momentum late in the second half of the game, and beat convincingly the team that had earlier in the competition trounced us. Result—a very thrilling 3-0 win worthy of a final.

Players who represented I.H. were: John Chiu, Norman Cheng, Robert Jadin, Robert Ng, Clarence Fong, H. H. Yeap, Leong, David Lee, Ray Hendle, Din Johan, Matthew Antwi, Angelos Fanos, Joe Chuma (captain), Aidid Sharif, And y Grope.

Page 41

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MENS' HOCKEY Once again luck did not favour our XI either in the draw or the games. The hockey season was three weeks long w ith two matches each weekend— not much time to develop teamwork and fitness and hence we had a mixed bag of results.

Our first game against Union saw us always in control but lacking the teamwork necessary to win the premiership.

Ray and Geoff (2) gave us our 3-0 win here. The following day saw us matched against Kings College w ith its nine University players. Onlookers were astouhded by the ease w ith which we crushed this strong team. (They beat Johns and Emmanuel). The whole team "clicked " as we crashed in five goals plus several disallowed to one against. Scorers were Din, Ray (2), Rob and John.

The following .week, weakened by flu and injuries we were beaten 3-2 by Emmanuel in what was virtually a play-off fo r the premiership. Their bustling tactics and our lack of condition gave the edge although goals by Ray and Din kept us in the game. The S pirit was gone fo r our match against Johns and coupling this w ith more injuries, we lost 2- 1 with Geoff the only scorer.

A scrappy game against Cromwell saw us run out victors 3- 0. (Din and Geoff (2) ). Once again we showed our style against a weak Leo's team to the tune of 8-1. Sari Maso, playing his firs t match ever, scored a goal, as did Andy, Rob (2), Geoff (2), and Din (2).

We finished third behind Emmanuel and Kings and Geoff Clyde, Rob and David Baguley were chosen fo r the I.C.C. Team.

WOMEN'S HOCKEY Suspiciously, this, fo r our women's hockey team, constituted the year o f the "non-goalie". No amount of, and finally lack of, coercion could obtain one, save fo r a gallant half in that position by Sandra Heatley.

Consequently, the team fared moderately in fifth position.

Introduced to a different mode o f field placement at the beginning o f the season, the team accepted it quickly, yet, unfortunately, the advantages were shown more on the field than in the results. However, a commendable result occurred when the House forced a draw w ith Grace College, the eventful winners o f the competition.

Barbara Henderson, captain and top goal scorer, should be noted fo r the number o f goals she missed (ably assisted

by Mary Parsons) and fo r not "disposing" o f any opposition players this season; Rasma Lee fo r showing fear in the face o f the enemy when in goals; Jenny Curnow fo r complaining most about training— just to mention a few.

Finally, w ith most girls having no more than college hockey experience behind them, the team's performance was creditable and augurs well fo r the future.

GIRLS TABLE TENNIS L. to R.: C. Heath; B. Henderson, K. Wong; B. Prentice; R. Lee; A. Lee.

KANYANA

1970

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K A N YA N A

1970

play of B.W. and C.H. and the way the jerseys were always washed.

It is rumoured that we are holding a raffle but the drawing is still on a date to be decided.

MEN'S BASKETBALL Our team started the I.C.C. basketball season In top form with a convincing victory (40-23) over Emmanuel.

However, Kings put us down in our second match. The next match against St. John's saw us unluckily defeated; and the worst came when Cromwell snatched away w ith a bare three-point victory over us. Then we crushed St. Leo's in the subsequent match; and in the last match o f the season, we displayed a very fine form to run through Union.

Our team was led by Alex Sy, our captain; David Lee, our centre and ball handler; Roger Wong, our rebounder; Clarence Fong, our reliable guard; and Kevin Wei, our forward w ith his long shooting arm. Other players were Leong, our deadly bouncer; John Chiu, our speedy backcourt defence; Robert Tang, our spirited defender; Quah, our rookie w ith yet unshown potential; and Wang Wei-Wu, our other defensive rookie.

The season thus ended once again w ith our coming fourth.

MEN'S TENNIS This year's tennis team came sixth in the competition.

Though rather short on talent we were strong on enthusiasm at least in some quarters. Anyone who saw Alex Sy play would share my opinion that if enthusiasm were all it takes he would beat all comers. A number o f matches between the colleges were washed out and therefore it was decided to call these draws rather than play them o ff after the vacation. Thus we scored points fo r a draw against Union and a win against Kings.

TEAM : Leong, Alex Sy, Jon Hogan, Alex Armstrong, Derek Dalelace, Graham Redding.

FOOTBALL The football team had less than impressive games against Kings, Cromwell, and Union. Other not so good features were the number of injuries, lack of training, number of beers to get Peter Young drunk.

The year was outstanding fo r the games against Emmanuel, Johns and Leo's all of which we lost. Other outstanding features were the coaching o f Mac Hamilton, the sideline support of G.V., the captaincy of L.J.S., the

G IR LS'TE N N IS In a season of mixed results our team found the rather heavy schedule to their disadvantage and finished the season w ith three wins and three losses, defeating Duchesne, Grace and M ilton House and losing to Women's, Union, and Raymont Lodge. Players were Sally Ferguson, "H o ffy " Underwood, Ruth Lyon, Beryl Prentice, Claudia, Barbara and Ann Hawgood.

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1970

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K A NY A NA

1970

ATHLETICS The postponed meet was eventually held on 13th June, and I.H. started o ff w ith some advantage having gained 2nd place (6 points each) in the men's and women's cross-country held earlier. The successful teams were (Andy Keefe 2nd, Ray Lovitt 6th, John Church 14th, Peter Young 17th) and (Cathy Heath 4th, Dagmar Loeken 6th, Sue Dow 13th.).

The championship afternoon opened w ith the women's 800m. which saw Liz Moore make her debut to score the first point.

Geoff Underwood followed suit in the men's 800m. to register the first point fo r fourth placing.

Debbie M iller was just pipped out o f 3rd place in the women's 100m.

Bernie Darvall recorded a good second in the men's shot, but some tension fouled up his discus technique.

Next came the men's 200m., and all hopes were pinned on another gold by Matthew, but this was not to be as he was excitingly edged out at the tape. Dagmar came third in the women's 200m. and convinced even the doubtful that she had been training in the vacation.

A limping Villa sent the spear to a distance near his best, but was narrowly beaten into 4th position. Barb Henderson represented in the women's discus to come fourth again.

The women's long jump provided Dagmar w ith a surprising second place after some expert coaching just prior to the event (thanks to Tham).

Ray L ovitt literally ran his guts out to just miss a place in the 400m., but his last contribution and past dedication to the sport and college w ill long be remembered.

CORROBOREE CHAMPIONSHIP-1970 P. Wong; A. Sy; K. Burnside; Z. Rahmani; D. Johan; T. Soo. Next was the blue ribbon men's 100m., won in magnificent style by our Ghanaian gazelle M att (Helm) Antw i in a good time o f 11.2 seconds. Quipped afterwards that he was only 70% fit. Obviously the other 30% was due to pure incentive, baited w ith lucrative bets o f grog, fags, and something delicious in the evening.

The men's high jump had quite a story to tell (ask Villa).

Fortunately fo r us, Dave Easton came to the rescue after a Brisbane-wide search (thanks to Zak). Dave gave o f his best, no doubt under very extenuating circumstances.

The women's high jump followed w ith Penny Yong jumping beyond expectations to come an easy second with 4 '3 ". Shows just what a little adrenaline can do, because she never even cleared 4 feet in practice.

The men's high hurdles was next w ith Alex Sy giving a gallant performance, but the taller opposition was too good on the day.

Tom Soo annexed the long jump.

By this time our points tally was getting good and we were racing neck and neck w ith Johns in the points race.

Kini Wong bounced the women's shot to a good 27 feet, but narrowly missed winning by 3 inches.

K A N Y A NA

1970

Next came the triple jump where Tom narrowly missed the I.C.C. record by V h . inches jumping 46' 6 ", but nonetheless convinced himself it was a satisfying performance after not having trained seriously fo r some weeks.

Andy Keefe provided another brave run in the men's metric mile, but had to be content w ith third placing. The women's sprint relay team came 3rd, while the men's sprint relay turned out to be the last and deciding event o f the day. Kings, I.H., and Johns were having a keen and interesting tussle up to this stage, and the relay held high hopes fo r our spring quarter. Kings also had a formidable team, but Johns (being some points ahead) had no reputable speedsters. With the chilly darkness moving in, the sound o f the pistol triggered o ff a brilliant and first leg

by Bruce Spiers who led us into early contention. A fair pass to Tom saw us still in the lead, but a disastrous second change set us back a few yards. However, Sari Maso negotiated the home bend like a veteran and handed the baton to our final flyer Matthew who made up ground to just snatch the silver.

The evening's final verdict was second placing in both the men's and women's championships.

Page 47

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K A NY A NA

1970

CRICKET Experience was one of the prerequisites (?) o f making the I.H. cricket team this year, you had to know what a cricket bat looked like, or better still, to have held one. We had to teach Sari to bowl again so that he could open the bowling, Kantha and Zak came out o f retirement, Bruce became a team regular and 'Parko' had his first game. Leo's managed to beat us on the first innings, our batsman showing true form in the second innings. Emmanuel had their revenge (for last year's defeat) and beat us outright.

The team magnificently overcame inexperience, a Friday night wedding and a Friday night cabaret to defeat Cromwell.

Dave Taylor and Mel Stewart scored the bulk o f the runs, helped by Alan Parkinson and Richard Gaven. Rob Baguley and Sari Maso bowled well to take five wickets each, three o f these in Sari's last over. Union beat us in the first innings but several of our players were rowing in the Emmanuel Oar. Our matches against John's and Kings were washed out.

SCORES: I.H. V. ST. LEO'S 50 (R. Baguley 13)

7/103 (S. Maso 3/45) (R. Baguley 3/22)

6/77 (R. Baguley 39 n.o.)

(D. Taylor 15 ) (S. Maso 17 Lost on first innings.

I.H.

V.

35 (M. Tuffs 15) 16

EMMANUEL 1/191

Lost outright I.H.

V.

9/124 declared (D. Taylor 33 (M. Stewart 30 A. Parkinson 14 n.o.

(R. Gaven 15 S. Maso 11)

CROMWELL 58 (S. Maso 5/22 R. Baguley 4/20)

Won on first innings I.H.

V.

63 (M. Stewart 13 A. Armstrong 11 J. Aloizos 11 )

UNION

SQUASH It seems that there were more forfeits in squash than there were matches played this season. However, our women's team managed to do fairly well w ith four wins and two losses fo r the season and would have come 2nd or 3rd overall. Our men's team found that Sunday night squash does not allow the footballer-cum-squash-player enough time to recover from Saturday's Rugby bruises and hence we were never able to field our strongest teams. Ray managed to win his share o f games and all others showed valiant resistance in losing.

-

1970

MEN'S ROWING The men's teams were less victorious but all enjoyed the sport while it lasted. A ll thanks to Sam Hawgood who was faced w ith the formidable task o f making an eight out of an almost entirely novice crew, and Ian Wright, a former college-member, who spent a lo t o f his free time training the college four.

8/174 (M. Stewart 3/29)

Lost on first innings.

KANYANA

ROWING This year International House was able to field three women's crews, a freshers, novice and senior. The fresher or the lightweight crew consisted of Debbie Miller, Mary-Jane Scott, Anne Hawgood and Dawn Carlyle. This crew, contrary to popular belief was placed third and second in the Johns and the I.C.C. Regatta respectively and unfortunately struggled to keep up the I.H. tradition at the Emmanuel Oar. Wini Kiap, Caroline Sawyer, Caroline Lobergier and Mussy Mustapha made up the novice crew. This crew w ith Carolyn and Mussy in bow and 3 respectively came close third in the Emmanuel Oar and after what proved to be a successful change, they won the novice event (a pennant race) at the I.C.C. Regatta w ith Mussy in bow and Carolyn in 3. Therefore next year we w ill possibly be able to enter a senior crew (a team that has won a race) in the Regatta.

That brings us to the senior crew, w ith Rasma Lee, Barbara Henderson, Mary Parsons and Cathy Heath. We managed to come fourth (out of a field o f four) at the John's Regatta, third at the Emmanuel Oar and fourth at the ICC Regatta. Our crew was slightly changed fo r the ICC Regatta w ith Wendy Vaughan rowing 2.

Two mixed crews were also entered in the Emmanuel Oar. The crew consisting o f Peter Warren, Mary-Jane Scott, Anne Hawgood and John Wills came third and the other crew Rasma Lee, Kevin Wei, Alex Sy and Wini Kiap came fifth .

Finally I'm sure all the girls w ill join me in thanking our patient, courageous coxes, Brid Lyons, Phil McGrath, Chris Hogan, Sam Hawgood and Sandra Heatley. Thanks also to Grant Vinning who did so much behind the scenes, stirring fo r us.

SWIMMING Due to a prolonged dry season our swimming team was not able to make use o f Cribb Lake this year, and this lack of training facilities was shown up in the I.C.C. Carnival.

Cam, Alan, John, Burnie, and Sam showed some style while Bill, and Lee thrashed along as only senior members of college are privileged to do. Our glamourous half found that they could not rest on last year's laurels and ended up coming fourth overall and third in the relays. Helen P., Helen U., Sally, Kathi and Ann found that the opposition had been training on the sly and had taken advantage of I.H.'s sporting gesture o f not training. Highlight o f the night was when our short and long-haired blonde fresherettes Samantha, and Bernadette joined Mussie and Sue in a bid fo r the relay title.

Page 49

I.C.C. REPRESENTATIVES 1970

SO C IA L NEW S

HOCKEY: G. Clyde, D. Baguley, R. Baguley.

ATHLETICS: T. Soo, M. A ntw i, A. Keefe.

SOCCER: N. Cheng, J. Chuma, D. Johan.

BASKETBALL: D. Lee, A. Sy. RUGBY UNION: L. Jue Sue; C. Hogan.

1970 began w ith the usual Fresher's welcome barbeque and dance after the traditional hockey match. It was the victim of a holiday "hangover". But, in spite of this general state of exhaustion it achieved its purpose and X discovered Y was from Toowoomba while X came from Malaysia—Old Collegians could have guessed this anyway!

The first term hop based on the theme "Come as Your Profession", resulted in some unusual vocations, to say the least, the most notable being: "The Warder'" Farmer Brown and his girl, J.C. and Mary and Anthropologist and the local witchdoctor.

SPORTS AWARDS 1970 FU LL BLUES: S. Maso, D. Lee. HALF BLUES: J. Church, B. Darvall, S. Hawgood, R. Hendle, K. Johan, A. Parkinson, T. Soo, B. Spiers, A. Sy, V. Tuicola, B. Wickepa.

"T o the imagination of Freer was added the cracks of Grope, the bricks of Carlyon, and the posters of Miller, mixed w ith a b it o f Vinning, a touch of Castle, a sampling o f Tuffs, enlightened by the artistry of Carlyle and the patience of Cameron, the zest o f Heatley, and the diligence of many.

Added and mixed w ith the products of Lai's fourth-floor flower folding foray Martin Hall stepped out of its dingy dreariness and became a Mexican village. The formal has long since gone and to recount incidents of the night would add nothing to one's own recollections."

Andy Keefe

CORROBOREE RESULTS IN BRIEF SOCCER ..................................................... QUEENSLAND BADMINTON MEN .................................................... QUEENSLAND W O M E N .............................................. QUEENSLAND BASKETBALL ............................................ QUEENSLAND TABLE TENNIS MEN ...............................................................SYDNEY WOMEN .........................................................SYDNEY CHESS ......................................................................... N.S.W. BRIDGE .......................................................QUEENSLAND DEBATING ................................................... MELBOURNE

While this goes to press the Third Term Hop is in the process of organization. It should provide a brief respite from study tension and an interesting finale fo r the I.H. Social Calendar of 1970.

Claudia Underwood

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WEDDING BOUQUETS K A NY A NA

1970

VALEDICTEES 1970 Mr. D. Baguley, Mr. B. Brooks, Miss S. Dow, Mr. J. Fairbairn, Miss N. Fong, Mr. R. Hendle, Mr. H. F. Flo, Mr. P. M. Kedit, Dip. Journ. (Qld.), Miss A. Lai, Mr. R. Lovitt, Miss J. Navie, Miss B. Prentice, Mr. S. K. Ray, Miss M. Rossiter, B.A. (Qld.), Miss S. L. Ruscoe, Miss M. M. San, M.Sc. (Botany) (Rangoon), Mr. M. Tuffs, Miss J. Warby.

KANYANA COMMITTEE AT WORK

Back: W. Kiap; K. Burnside; S. Ruscoe; M. Rossiter; C. Underwood.

Front: P. Kedit.

A cknowledgemen ts The Editor and Editorial Assistants would like to thank the follow ing fo r their invaluable assistance: in the production o f Kanyana '70: Professor Zelnian Cowen, Professor Colin Hughes, Professor Gordon Greenwood, Dr. Glen McBride, Mr. I. M. B. Cribb, The I.H. Board o f Governors, The Alumni Association, I.H. Students' Club, Bruce Petty,Stuart MacCrae, Renagi Lohia, Brian Hegarty, Nationwide Food Service, Busy Bee Delicatessen, City and Suburban Plumbing, Powels Pest Control.

Thanks also to Jan Roberts for typing assistance, and Mr. Bert Martin for donating a prize for the competition.

Miscellaneous Helpers: Andy Keefe, Santosa, Kerstin Bohman, Jean Warby, Salii Ray, Joyce Navie, Leong, Alex Sy, Soemardjo.

The Kanyana '70 Committee express their thanks to the Editor, Peter Kedit, w ithout whose imagination and devotion this Magazine would n ot have been what i t is.

KANYANA

1970

Page 51

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