¶ÂÚȯfiÌÂÓ·
∂π™∞°ø°∏ ......................................................................................................................9 1 ∞π™£∏∆π∫∞ ¶ƒ√§∂°√ª∂¡∞ ................................................................................13 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6
™¯¤ÛÂȘ ·ÓıÚÒÔ˘-¯ÒÚÔ˘ Î·È ÌÔÚÊÒÓ ..................................................15 £ÂˆÚ›· Ù˘ ÂÓÛ˘Ó·›ÛıËÛ˘......................................................................17 £ÂˆÚ›· ÛËÌÂȈÙÈ΋˜ ................................................................................19 ∏ ηÏÏÈÙ¯ÓÈ΋ ·Ú¯‹ ÙÔ˘ «·ÙÂÏ›ˆÙÔ˘» ................................................22 æ˘¯ÔÏÔÁ›· Ù˘ ÌÔÚÊ‹˜ ‹ ıˆڛ· Ù˘ Gestalt ........................................29 ÃÒÚÔ˜ Î·È ·ÓÙÈΛÌÂÓÔ ............................................................................32
2 £∂øƒ∏™∏ µ∞™π∫ø¡ π™∆√ƒπ∫ø¡ ∂¡√∆∏∆ø¡ ..................................................35 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 2.17 2.18
¶ÚÔ˚ÛÙÔÚ›· ................................................................................................35 ∞›Á˘ÙÔ˜ ....................................................................................................42 ∂ÏÏ¿‰· ........................................................................................................50 ¶ÚÒÙË ÚˆÌ·˚΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ........................................................................66 ¢Â‡ÙÂÚË ÚˆÌ·˚΋ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜-µ˘˙¿ÓÙÈÔ ....................................................73 ƒÔÌ·ÓÈ΋ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ..........................................................................82 °ÔÙıÈ΋ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ............................................................................89 ∞Ó·Á¤ÓÓËÛË................................................................................................95 ª·ÓÈÂÚÈÛÌfi˜ ............................................................................................101 ª·ÚfiÎ ....................................................................................................107 ∏ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ·fi ÙË µÈÔÌ˯·ÓÈ΋ ∂·Ó¿ÛÙ·ÛË Ì¤¯ÚÈ ÙÔÓ 20Ô ·ÈÒÓ· ................................................................................112 ∏ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÛÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ 18Ô˘ ·ÈÒÓ· ........................115 ∏ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔÓ 19Ô ·ÈÒÓ· ............................................................120 ∂ÈÎÔÛÙfi˜ ∞ÈÒÓ·˜ ....................................................................................128 ∏ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎÔÛÙÔ‡ ·ÈÒÓ· ......................133 ∏ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÛÔÔϤÌÔ˘ ......................................................142 ∏ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙÔÓÈ΋ ÛÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÂÈÎÔÛÙÔ‡ ·ÈÒÓ·..................153 ¡ÂfiÙÂÚ˜ ÂÍÂÏ›ÍÂȘ ..................................................................................165
8 ∂π™∞°ø°∏
™∆∏¡ π ™∆√ƒπ∫∏
™∏ª∞¡∆π∫∏
∆∏™
∞ƒÃπ∆∂∫∆√¡π∫∏™ ¶ƒ∞•∏™
3 E¶πªÀ£π∞ ............................................................................................................173 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6
¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ ÎÔÛÌÈ΋˜ ÂÌÌÔÓ‹˜ ÙˆÓ ∞Ú¯ÈÙÂÎÙfiÓˆÓ ..................................173 ¶ÂÚ› Ù˘ «ÌÔÚÊ‹˜» Î·È Ù˘ ÂͤÏÈÍ‹˜ Ù˘ ..............................................176 ∏ ¤ÓÓÔÈ· ÙÔ˘ ∫fiÛÌÔ˘ ÛÙËÓ Î·ıËÌÂÚÈÓ‹ ˙ˆ‹ ‹ ÂÚ› Ù˘ ÊÈÏÔÛÔÊÈ΋˜ ı¤ÛÌÈÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÈÓˆÓÈÒÓ ..................................179 ∆Ô ÂÚÒÙËÌ· ÂÚ› ÙÔ˘ Ù¤ÏÔ˘˜ Ù˘ πÛÙÔÚ›·˜............................................182 ∆Ô ÓfiËÌ· ÙˆÓ ıÚËÛÎÂÈÒÓ Î·È Ë ÚfiÙ·ÛË Ù˘ ÓˆÙÂÚÈÎfiÙËÙ·˜ ..........187 ∏ ∆¤¯ÓË ˆ˜ ÎÈ‚ˆÙfi˜ ¶ÔÏÈÙÈÛÌÔ‡ Î·È Ë ÈÛÙÔÚÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ ÓÂÔÂÏÏËÓÈÎÔ‡ ·Ú·‰Â›ÁÌ·ÙÔ˜..........................................................191
µπµ§π√°ƒ∞ºπ∞ ............................................................................................................201