#07-11. 2018
XIYU ZHANG
STUDIO:AIR
ABPL30048 STUDIO: AIR SEMESTER 2 TUTOR: ALLAN BURROWS
- BOUNDARIES
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TA B L E O F CO N T E N T PAR T A CONCEPTUALISATION
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INTRODUCTION P3-24
A.0. INTRODUCTION A.1. DESIGN FUTURING
W E LCO M E TO MY PORTFOLIO
A.2. DESIGN COMPUTATION A.3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION A.4. CONCLUSION A.5. LEARNING OUTCOMES
My name is Xiyu Zhang, currently in my
my assignments all the night before the
A.6. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
third year of my environment undergrad-
due day. Also I can imagine, 10 years later,
uate degree for architecture major in the
I will also have no time to do myself if I
University of Melbourne.
become an architect.
I was born in Nanjing, CHINA, a city which
Collectively, I am very worried about
PAR T B CRITERIA DESIGN
P25-69
is fused the Chinese history and culture. It
my imagination and my professional
B.1. RESEARCH FIELD
witnessed the experience of the time, the
knowledge. This is already level three
B.2. CASE STUDY 1.0
different destinies and the architecture
subject, but as my state, poor English and
evolution. I love my city, the atmosphere
specialized knowledge makes me feel
and the living style, especially the tradi-
hard during the study period.
tional and special food in China, is the
It is still a long journey.
B.3. CASE STUDY 2.0 B.4. TECHNIQUE: DEVELOPMENT B.5. TECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES
most thing that I have missed in my study
B.6. TECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL
period in Melbourne.
B.7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
Comparing to design the building appear-
B.8. APPENDIX - ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
ance, I consider I might more suitable to design the interior zoom or clothes. My mother is a constructor for more than 20 years, I had effected by her. But actually, I don’t like this career, working more
PAR T C DE TAILED DESIGN
than 10 hours a day, with no holidays,
C.1. DESIGN CONCEPT
even need to answer the phone in the
C.2. TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPES
midnight. I never thought to learn archi-
C.3. FINAL DETAIL MODEL
tecture before until I went to university.
C.4. LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOMES
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Thinking of myself now, I also need to do
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XIYU ZHANG
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W E E K #01 / J U L _ 2018
DESIGN FUTURING We are now living in an age of rapid tech-
architecture aspect. In 1987, the world
nological development. In contemporary
commission on environment and devel-
society, is full of creative design that bring
opment (WECD), In its “ Our common
convenience to people.
future” report (The Brundtland Report)
To answer the Fry’s question of ‘How is
elaborated the concept of “ sustainable
the future being understood? And what
development” for the first time. ‘evelop-
is meant by design?’ , I believe that SUS-
ment that meets the needs of the present,
TAINABILITY is the most significant thing
without compromising the ability of
to be considered.
future generations to meet their own
01
PA R T A CO N C E P T UA L I SAT I O N
needs’.03 ‘Whenever we bring something into being we also destroy something.’
02
In the face of this situation, the possibility of another kind of future begs to be articulated, as does the way to bring it into being by design. —Fry
To treat or observe the sustainable design needs look at from a system perspective
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Thus we need to maximize the thing
but not just from a single aspect.For
we lost to contribute the better future.
example, you chose bamboo to be the
Sustainability includes environmental,
material of the product, thinking it is
economic, social and cultural aspects. In
sustainable and natural, but if it is quickly
some cases, they are contradictory and
thrown into the garbage heap, it cannot
need to compromise.
be a sustainable design. In another way,
For instance, rapid economic growth
aluminium is a material that create heavily
is sometimes in the base of the expense in
polluting during processing, but it may
environmental degradation. But in some
be a relatively sustainable design if the
cases they are mutually reinforcing.
production is rich in aluminium and the
I prefer to make sustainable development
product has a very long service life and a
as a design concept and purpose in the
relatively high recycling rate.
01 Tony Fry, Design Futuring, Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice , Oxford UK : Berg Publishers, 2009.pp.1-16 02 Tony Fry, Design Futuring, Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice , Oxford UK : Berg Publishers, 2009.pp.1-16
03 Brundtland, The Brundtland Report,WECD,1987
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W E E K #01 / J U L _ 2018
THAT HOUSE
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PR E C E D E N T 1
Austin Maynard Architects’ THAT House (2015) is a project which is an alternative way to think about the problem of Australia’s house areas. The actual living space of Australians far exceeds the demand lead to the negative influence in economic, healthy and environment aspects, thus the architects want a “just
Image 1 Ground floor plan
the right amount of space”.01 “We (Australians) tend to seek those things in a private space rather than going and seeking them in a public space or mingle with others in the community and I think that is a worrying trend,”02 —— Professor Stuart White The main concept of this house is “alone and together”. It was the radical thinking to cut half area to build the house. Instead of totally enclosing or opening rooms and separate the function, the architect tried to make the space connection comfortable and suitable. The ground floor seems to be an open space, but the arrangement allows the owner to be together, the family members can do different activities in a shared space. The owner also can be changed according to the mood, the weather, the time and usage. This is a creative thinking for the proper user of efficient space. The usage of upwards blinds can control the level of private and public, also control the light and view03. According to the reading, the sustainability also exist in this architecture, such as passive solar gain, double-glazed windows, insulations and rainwater tank. However, this is not a solution, just the new thinking. It still had challenge during the design. People
Image 2
always consider the decreased space means the demand cannot be achieved. In fact, even if the area of the house less than the others, the living quality and function did not decline because of the welldesign.
01 “THAT House / Austin Maynard Architects”, Archdaily, 2016 <https://www.archdaily.com/782890/that-house-austinmaynard-architects> [Accessed 29 July 2018]. 02 “THAT House / Austin Maynard Architects”, Archdaily, 2016 <https://www.archdaily.com/782890/that-house-austinmaynard-architects> [Accessed 29 July 2018]. 03 “‘That House’ In Melbourne By Austin Maynard Architects”, Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 2016 <https://www.designboom.com/architecture/austin-maynard-architects-that-house-melbourne-australia-02-18-2016/> [Accessed 31 July 2018]. Image 3 The wall can be moved according to the demand Location: Melbourne, Australia
Architects: Austin Maynard Architects
Year: 2015
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Location: Melbourne, Australia Year: 2016
W E E K #01 / J U L _ 2018
Architects: CallisonRTKL + The Buchan Group
PR E C E D E N T 2 Image 4
CHADSTONE SHOPPING CENTRE
Image 5 The standout feature of the design is undoubtedly Chadstone’s iconic gridshell roof. Its structure is based on a lattice framework which derives its strength from its double curvature.
Chadstone Shopping Centre located in the south-eastern suburb of Melbourne. It has been developed by Novion Property Group and opened in 1960. After many times of extensions. It’s been considered as the biggest shopping centre in the Southern hemisphere01. The power consuming must be large due to large volume in the building. However, it can be the example of energy saver for the other architectures. The designer is clever to design the large arched window roof which provides the elegance looking and saving the energy at the same time because the it will allow sunlight into the Centre and help to warm up in the winter. The design team relied on 3D parametric modelling, refining the massing through a combination of video animation and computer rendering. The roof is the first of its kind on the continent02.
Image 6 High powered linear LED lights are located end to end along the bulkhead that travels around the base perimeter of the grid shell ceiling01.
Meanwhile the designer removes the ground floor to the basement which can save extra energy because the soil will keep temperature in the whole year. Furthermore, the well-arranged inner space like the streets in the indoor space, so that people will hard to get lost in the Centre. People can get almost everything in the Centre because for the entertainment it has cinema there, the food court, the supermarket, the clinic. The Chadstone is more like a little indoor city, maybe it is the reason of why it can attract so many tourists to come.
01 “Electrolight — Chadstone Shopping Centre”, Electrolight, 2017 <http:// electrolight.com/project/chadstone-shopping-centre/> [Accessed 31 July 2018].
01 McCauley,Dana. Inside Melbourne’s new and improved Chadstone Shopping Centre. News.com.au, 2016 02 “Chadstone Shopping Centre / Callisonrtkl + The Buchan Group”, Archdaily, 2017 <https://www.archdaily.com/804275/chadstone-shopping-centre-callisonrtkl-plus-the-buchan-group> [Accessed 31 July 2018].
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W E E K #02 / AU G _ 2018
DESIGN COMPUTATION
A 2 B E G I N S ...
The age of Digital Architecture
models have more time to deal with other
With the development and progress of
problem.
society, we pay more and more atten¬tion
“Computation is redefining the prac-
to the digital architectural design, he is of
tice of architecture.”01 The appear of
great significance to real life.
the digital computation re-define the
“The arrival of the digital age enables ar-
design process - from logic form-finding
chitects to get rid of the academic bound-
to create new struc¬ture. The industrial
aries. They are now leading the whole
technologies can be blended better with
process, ranging from thinking pattern to
the construction. No matter how the form
design methodology and construction.”
of everything in the world is different, it
——YoungBirds
has its own generation logic, Logic is the
The building is two-dimensional, belong-
Principal of nature and also is the code of
ing to space art. The architect’s design has
form for architecture.
long been subject to two-dimensional
In the developing future, exploring the
drawing tools: drawing boards, arcs, and
truth of nature is the significant thing.
ruler. Architects for the two-dimensional
Each of us needs a unique life and a
space, the form of the image of no matter
unique existence. And designers as cre-
how rich, must be transformed into two-
ative workers of these objects, their need
dimensional graphics information. The
to change them to digital, like the growth
emergence of digital buildings, so that
of cane, grasp the big direction and law,
the architects get rid of the day of the day,
let the design results protean, with just
greatly reducing the drawing of the physi-
change the numbers and the points.
cal consumption of the map, while the liberation of the hands of the architect, in addition to the draft sketch and work
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01 Peters, Brady. ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 2013, pp. 08-15
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Location: London Year: 2008 Architects: Valeria García Abarca
PR E C E D E N T 1
SWOOSH PAVILION AT THE AA
Image 8
However, students also realized that a computer cannot instead of designing during this project. Because of the complex geometry, they need to design the details by themselves, then achieved a better project. This shows the Peters idea “Computation does not replace inspiration or an idea, nor the operation of a design model”01.
01 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
Image 9 Image 7
W E E K #2 / AU G _ 2018
Computing helps the architects realize three goals of the works which are see, connect and activate. In this project, the students made good use of parametric modeling using the plug-in for the 3D modeling program Rhino and finally turned physical form-finding models into digital para-metric models. The application of computing in architecture industry would be a main trend in the ongoing and coming future. With the development of computer science, digital technology and virtual technology, the architecture design would surely become more fantastic. The architects can use computing to make virtual designs and enable people to experience their designs more vividly and directly. In this project, students integrated many different attempts together and showed them. With the support of computation, the combine the light effect and landscape can be designed01. This is evidence and performanceoriented. Computation has a crucial impact on the range of conceivable and achievable geometries. In a three-dimensional space, geometries become quite complex. To some extent, computing enables the complex geometries to be simple and visual, thus it makes them conceivable and achievable for both the creators and audiences. Undoubtedly computation contributed greatly to evidence and performance-oriented designing. What computation helps people do is show architectures in a vivid and direct way. Computation present brings unique opportunities and innovations to the architects and the development of architecture (Oxman, 2014)02.
01 Weergeven, Mijn, “Swoosh Pavilion At The Architectural Association”, Ud2tjardaderooij.Blogspot.Com, 2010 <http://ud2tjardaderooij.blogspot.com/2010/10/swoosh-pavilion-at-architectural.html> [Accessed 9 August 2018] 02 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp
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Description: According to the ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15, it explores the potential of fabrication, simulation and digital design. The carbon fiber pavilion is inspired by water spider (Agyroneda Aquatica), which creates a reinforced air bubble for surviving under water,the process of this natural production attracts people to consider the brand-new structure that may efficiency with high strength and quality01. It is no double that this is a revolutionary thought with enough technical support, professional analysis and exquisite manufacture. In this Case, computational form finding method plays the significant role of creating the shell geometry and the main fiber bundle locations in the design and construction process by calculating. It showed how material, structure and forms were interrelated in a vivid and visual way. From designing, the geometry form is amazing, using the air bubble reinforced by fibers, as they do not need complex formwork but have capabil¬ity of adapting to the varying demands for individual constructions, and light enough. To achieve this, a computational agent-
Image 10 Image 11
based design method has been developed, they can modify their designs easily in a short time with the help of computing. In this way, the architects were able to focus more on the continuous logic of design thinking and making02 (Oxman, 2014). As well as a new digital code for robot control had been exploited during the fabrication process. This research pavilion shows how computation helped architectures become beyond representation. This is the challenge for investigators, also is the giant leap for robotic construction processes, to give more opportunities in the future design.
01 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2015 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965> [Accessed 9 August 2018] 02 Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp
PR E C E D E N T 2
Image 12
ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION 2014-15 Page 14 of 80
Location: University of Stuttgart
Year: 2015
Architects: ICD&ITKE
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COMPOSITION GENERATION W E E K #03 / AU G _ 2018 Architectures are experiencing the shifting from the composition to generation. The core of parametric design is “logic modelling”, is to use the logic of the object itself to establish the object. For example, we say: “Two points can be a straight line”, there is a logic in it: two distant coordinate points (parameters), connected to each other (relationship), can form a straight line (result). And the function of logical modelling is the decomposition of three factors in the process of modelling: parameter-relationship- model, and parameters and relationships can be the variable. In the past, due to the limitation of tools and technology, such as drawing tools, construction technology, the imagine in designers’ mind can not be realized in the process of creating, or they need more time to build it.
A 3 From Here...
However, the existence of computation increases the ability of solving problems and make the editorial work become efficiency. You can just put numbers (such as density, 01
sunlight) or points(the locations, the slope) in it, the logic can help you create a best way for your project. The plugin software for calculating makes the complicated process in
“Generative design systems are aimed at creating new design processes that produce spa-
modelling software become easy, it builds the frame, which create relationship between
tially novel yet efficient and buildable designs through exploitation of current computing
factors. Such as grasshopper for Rhino. However, because there is no separation between
and manufacturing capabilities”
– Kristina Shea
design intent and computational technique while computation is a natural or unconscious way, the various results will impact the original purpose, “Computation does not replace inspiration or an idea, nor the operation of a design model”02. Comparing to the computation design, which computers and software are used as passive machine, generation design makes computers and designers have cooperation. Besides, the bottom up and top down are two different way of thinking. For me, I think that bottom-up architectures are based on piecing together with some input such as data, points and stimuli. It is more like there is an aim to design, to solve problems steps by steps or more realized. Besides, top down architectures are more like the formation of perceptions by using higher-level knowledge, imagine and beliefs. There is something special and can be magnified by people minds, to design a whole conceptual image first and consider the details then.
01 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2 02 Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
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W E E K #03 / AU G _ 2018
NATIONAL AQUATICS CENTER This is a famous example of generation design architecture. Square is the most basic form of architecture in ancient China. It embodies the social life rules represented by morality and ethics in Chinese culture. And this “ square box” can reflect the multifunctional requirements of the national swimming center, thus realizing the perfect combination of traditional culture and architectural functions. The architectural inspiration of “ water cube” comes from the research results on the shape and characteristics of soap bubbles. Soap bubbles always try to minimize their surface area to minimize their surface energy01. Thus, this “Artificial random growth” of the bubble could be the generation design, It can continuously breed and repeat growth. It has both randomness and controllability. The shape is not a cube or a sphere. It is an inorganic form, but it has its own logic. This is a top-down design, which I mentioned that the formation of perceptions by using higher-level knowledge, imagine and beliefs. The concept of this is quite amazing. However, the disadvantages are also obvious. The weight of the structure itself accounts for the proportion of the structural design load, which increases the weight of the building itself by 2 times. Besides, the flatten roof makes the rainwater difficult to be empty. Also, this project is just like created the facade and attached it to a square box. The logic behind it is only morphological, it cannot be convinced.
01 Liang, Shuang, “Post-Modernism Architecture In China: The Bird’s Nest, Water Cube And The CCTV’s New Building As An Example”, Pioneer Forum, TU-80 (2010), 4-6
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Image 13 Grasshopper process of the Water cube
PR E C E D E N T 1
Image14,15 The steel framing and ETFE cladding are the two main components in this project
Location: Beijing, China Time: 2007 Architects: PTW Architects, CSCEC & CCDI
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PR E C E D E N T 2
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Location: University of Stuttgart Time: 2014
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W E E K #03 / AU G _ 2018
Architects: ICD & ITKE
This pavilion is a parallel bottom-up design project, the main propose was developed a winding technique for modular, double layered fiber composite structures, which reduces the required formwork to a minimum while maintaining a large degree of geometric freedom. Therefore, during the research, the Elytron, a protective shell for beetles’ wings and abdomen had been found, which is a suitable structure for the aim. Bottom-up means the generation of this project is based on piecing together input and data, which the differentiated trabeculae morphology and the individual fiber arrangements01. According to this data, the logic generated the main structure of the double-curved modules, which can bear stress enough. Comparing to the computation design, this project also likely to be the generation design. In this case, robotic fabrication technology also been used for the construction process. A robotic coreless winding method had been created for this project. Glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers were the main material, suitable for this complex ‘nature’ architecture. The existence of this research pavilion is not only brought lightweight architecture with high performance and material efficiency, the logic of the main structure also explores new qualities and expands the construction possibilities of the architecture design in the future.
ICD/ITKE RESEARCH PAVILION Image 15,16,17,18 01 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart. de/?p=11187> [Accessed 9 August 2018]
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CO N C LUS I O N / AU G _ 2018
L E A R N I N G O U TCO M E S / AU G _ 2018
Part A is mainly consisted by three parts, design future with the core sustainability, digital computation which can solve the ability problems for designers and the composition with strong
I did a lot of research when I do the part A precedents, I understand the sustainable architec-
logic. It is also the process to create a project in contemporary, to have the design thinking and
ture a lot. And I know that if I want to be a good architect, I should connect the architecture
concept firstly, using technology to help us to find the perfect form, then modelling it. In this
to the people, to imagine the experience of the people, but not just create a â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; itself. I
rapid world, the direction of architecture should be combined with human life, which impacts
also achieve some special thinking during othersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; presentation.
the culture, economy, environment etc. The architecture will not just be the shelter for people, but also the arts. However, when we achieve something, we will destroy the other thing, espe-
During the investigation of computation design, I was aware of the smart of the computer.
cially the resource in the earth. Thus, the sustainable buildings need to become the mainstream in the future.
People utilize software to realize the image in the mind. For Generative design, I found that
Meanwhile, based in the design thinking, the logic of the object makes the process of the mod-
Such as if someone design a logic algorithm about sunlight of a geometry, another people
most of the design have their own logic but some of them can share the concept logically. can still use this when they do another geometry if you have access, the computer can also
elling become easier in all aspects. In the past, architects design made architectural designs by
create a better case for you as well as you just need to change the data. However, I also agree
visiting real architectures, forming the design in their minds and then drawing out the designs
that pure parameterization does not have a logic practical meaning. Only when combined
by hand. The architects in the past must use superb perspectives to show their designs directly
with performance-based design, it can be reliable support and provide a better method for
including 2D plane pictures, vertical view pictures and sectional view pictures just like artists.
the project.
Nowadays they can use computing to demonstrate their vivid designs directly after they have creative ideas rather than use hands. Besides this, they can modify their designs easily in a short
During these three weeks, I learnt the knowledge about rhino and grasshopper follow the
time with the help of computing. In this way, the architects were able to focus more on the
tutor and video tutorial, such as lofting, contouring and bricking. When I saw a whole battery
continuous logic of design thinking and making01. Computing can be used to re-define practice.
picture, I felt that is difficult for me. But when I extended the battery show full name, I can
Computing takes the place of hand drawing and picture modification. Simultaneously it sup-
understand it. And also, one set of batteries could form various appearances, just need to set
ported the architects to create more ideal designs which show their ideas and creativity to the
different points, lines and surface, It is convenience and efficiency.
greatest extent.But people need to be cleared that the calculus can not instead of thinking, it is just the assistive tools which can realize the thinking. Designers should not be influenced by the various result but forget the original purpose.
01 Oxman, R. Theories of the digital in aechitecture, London and New York, 2014
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R E FE R E N C E : 1. “THAT House / Austin Maynard Architects”, Archdaily, 2016 <https://www.archdaily.com/782890/that-house-austin-maynardarchitects> [Accessed 29 July 2018]. 2.“‘That House’ In Melbourne By Austin Maynard Architects”, Designboom | Architecture & Design Magazine, 2016 <https://www. designboom.com/architecture/austin-maynard-architects-that-house-melbourne-australia-02-18-2016/> [Accessed 31 July 2018]. 3. McCauley,Dana. Inside Melbourne’s new and improved Chadstone Shopping Centre. News.com.au, 2016 4.“Chadstone Shopping Centre / Callisonrtkl + The Buchan Group”, Archdaily, 2017 <https://www.archdaily.com/804275/chadstoneshopping-centre-callisonrtkl-plus-the-buchan-group> [Accessed 31 July 2018]. 5. Weergeven, Mijn, “Swoosh Pavilion At The Architectural Association”, Ud2tjardaderooij.Blogspot.Com, 2010 <http://ud2tjardaderooij.blogspot.com/2010/10/swoosh-pavilion-at-architectural.html> [Accessed 9 August 2018] 6. Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp 7. Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 8. “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2015 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965> [Accessed 9 August 2018] 9. Liang, Shuang, “Post-Modernism Architecture In China: The Bird’s Nest, Water Cube And The CCTV’s New Building As An Example”, Pioneer Forum, TU-80 (2010), 4-6 10.“ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=11187> [Accessed 9 August 2018]
PA R T B CRITERIA DESIGN I M AG E L I S T: Image 1,2,3 “THAT House / Austin Maynard Architects”, Archdaily, 2016 <https://www.archdaily.com/782890/that-house-austinmaynard-architects> [Accessed 29 July 2018]. Image 4,5 McCauley,Dana. Inside Melbourne’s new and improved Chadstone Shopping Centre. News.com.au, 2016 Image 6 “Electrolight — Chadstone Shopping Centre”, Electrolight, 2017 <http://electrolight.com/project/chadstone-shopping-centre/> [Accessed 31 July 2018]. Image 7,8,9 Weergeven, Mijn, “Swoosh Pavilion At The Architectural Association”, Ud2tjardaderooij.Blogspot.Com, 2010 <http:// ud2tjardaderooij.blogspot.com/2010/10/swoosh-pavilion-at-architectural.html>\ Image 10,11,12 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2014-15 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart.De, 2015 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=12965> \ Image 13 Cdntct.Com, 2018 <https://cdntct.com/tct/pic/city/beijing/attractions/beijing-national-aquatics-center-4.jpg> Image 14 “Fan Feng”, Moreaedesign, 2018 <https://moreaedesign.wordpress.com/author/fanfeng4arche/>\Image 15 Water Cube Beijing National Aquatics Center /Sports architecture forms in Beijing, China ,SML.20140502.6D.31820.P1 Flickr Image 15,16,17,18 “ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2013-14 | Institute For Computational Design And Construction”, Icd.Uni-Stuttgart. De, 2018 <http://icd.uni-stuttgart.de/?p=11187>
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W E E K #0 4 / AU G _ 2018
B.1. RESEARCH FIELD Sectioning within architecture design is a wonderful parameter concept which based on the process of taking cuts through a formal 3D object. It is the way to combine both geometry and structure, while can produce surface and structure. Also, the digital model of Sectioning design provides data to 3D printing directly. Timber is the most common material in Sectioning design for its characteristic of easy to cut and delivery. It also could be other material. The variety of materials can be selected to ensure the effect while allowing the price to be controlled. The sectioning usually creates parallel space and a series of abstract space inside, but it can create strong space fluidity. This technology can be used not only in large buildings, space design, the wall design, ceiling design, wall-ceiling combination design, and even the cave-type design of the entire interior space can be undertaken, also in small furniture, decoration, etc. Image 1
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Parametric brench
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Image 2 Parametric roof
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Image 3 Sectioning wall & roof
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Location: Finland Year: 2017 Architects: 3GATTI
PR E C E D E N T 2
Image 5 This is a macro-architecture which is generated from the sectioning Parametric technology. Although the art gallery building uses only a single timber material, it can show a magical overlook. The use of sectioning technology enables the formation of facade walls. This unique
TAMPERE ART MUSEUM Image 6
design not only ensures the penetration of natural light and the visual penetration of indoors and outdoors, but also increases the walking route of visitors01. This sectioning facade design between transparent and impervious with the changes in the internal light of the space, showing an interesting effect for people. As well as its unique lighting design also makes the internal partition clearer.
01 2018 <https://www.gooood.cn/tampere-art-museum-by-3gatti.htm> [Accessed 13 September 2018].
Image 4
W E E K #0 4 / AU G _ 2018 PR E C E D E N T 1 This is microscopic furniture which is created from the sectioning Parametric technology. The Parametric bench could be fund easily in the design world, this technology makes it relatively easy and cheap to do non-linear form. Also, a big plus of this technology is that the sections of plywood form a pattern of lines on the general form making it more readable, it seems so sculpturally stunning01. The function of the bench could design easily.
01 â&#x20AC;&#x153;New Parametric Urban Street Furniture For Hong Kong - Evolo | Architecture Magazineâ&#x20AC;?, Evolo.Us <http://www.evolo.us/newparametric-urban-street-furniture-for-hong-kong/> [Accessed 13 September 2018].
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B . 2. C A S E S T U DY 1.0 Sectioning such as: contouring, waffle grids Case Study 1.0 definitions: AA Driftwood Pavilion - AA student project
This project usesthe contouring use another way. it was not just section the Brep as horizontal or vertical directly, and also cut them use curved surface. The script shows the main concept of the designer, creating an emotional and overwhelming spatial effect. ‘some felt sentimental connections to its conceptual links to driftwood and the sea; others praised its deeply sculpted form. Whatever the terms of personal aesthetics, the team’s clear renderings and animation of their proposal, clearly illustrated the seductive fluidity and undulation of its lines which sparked a feeling of curiosity, journey, and discovery within its spatial parameters.’01
01 Adrian Welch and others, “Driftwood AA Summer Pavilion, London - E-Architect”, E-Architect, 2018 <https://www.e-architect.co.uk/london/driftwoodpavilion-design> [Accessed 13 September 2018].
Image 7 8 9
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B . 2.1 I T E R AT I O N S
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CHANGE CURVE
M OV E C U R V E
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CURVE IN CENTRE
S E R I E S S T E P+
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These sleek surfaces can create a semi-enclosed
Complex but regular, the scale, shape and section
space that is private and suitable for a private back-
distance of the contouring can be adjusted appro-
yard fence. The shape is simple, and the production
priately. It can provide a maze for children or give
and installation are convenient and quick.
people an amazing experience if putting different things in it..
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The shape is complex but regular, exquisite and
The flowing shape creates an open space with a
beautiful, and can be multi-functional. Because it is
simple but beautiful shape that is suitable for fences
a flat faรงade, it is easy to make and install. Suitable
in the park and can create functional concepts for it.
as an ornamental railing, such as a riverside seaside with a view and people will stay here.
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B . 3. C A S E S T U DY 2.0 Image 11
The project generally consists of two fundamental surfaces, the ground and the roof, which are joined together by continuous surface bending. This form of curve is processed by digital techniques. At the same time, the traditional components were replaced with designed woods, creating a streamlined and beautiful interior. All the interior decoration is made from this single material, achieving a high degree of prefabricated installation.01 This space has a high degree of plasticity. An automated algorithm that directly generates shelves, tables, stools, etc., enables seamless integration from design to manufacturLocation: Cambridge, MA, USA
ing. This precedent reflects the plasticity and versatility of the sectioning design.
Year: 2009 Architects: dECOi Architects
Image 10
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01 â&#x20AC;&#x153;One Main Office Renovation / Decoi Architectsâ&#x20AC;?, Archdaily, 2010 <https://www.archdaily.com/778976/one-main-office-renovation-decoi-architects> [Accessed 14 September 2018].
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B . 3.1 R E V E R SE - E N G I N E E R
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dECOi - OneMain Street Reverse-engineer the project I use loft and contouring can easily create this model as a simple method, which is not exactly the same. The question is the pillar cannot be solid when I contour it because it is contoured by a surface but not an entity. Comparing with the original script, the thing what I did is quite simple that cannot restore the original shape.
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B .4. T E CH N I Q U E: D E V E LO PM E N T
From loft to contouring
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We chose Laser cut to do the physical model, Laser cutting is a process where a high-powered laser is directed by computer software to cut or etch various types of materials. Sectioning is a kind of combination of pieces, laser cut is really suitable for â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;sectioningâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; technology. I chose wood as the main material. According to the analysis of the wooden bridge on the site, we want to create a cave effect, and hope that the fence can be integrated with the bridge itself. At the same time, wood is very suitable as a material for sectioning technology, because it is very light and cuts well, which is conducive to manufacturing, transportation and installation. Sectioning is easy to be laser cut, so I chose this method, because there are already rhino files, and our design itself is sheet-like, so there is no difficulty in the process of making cutting files. We used to try 3D printing. After our discussion, this solution may not be suitable for our design, and time was not enough, so we gave up.
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B . 5. T E CH N I Q U E: PR OTOT Y PE S
Image 12
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B .6. T E CH N I Q U E: PR O P OSA L Concept: I always think that the railing is a very common pole that can divide the area or protect people, but after I investigated it, I found that the railing is not only the most basic use, it can be given more meaning. What i want to create is the new type bridge from creating fences, beyond its original function, will serve as a way for walkers and bikers to cross safely from one side of the river to another. The fence that we have decided to create is not just a fence, but also multi-function as a bridge.
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Site choose: We choose the bridge this time, the bridge is the main transport junction in this site. The trail for bikes, the pathway for pedestrians and the way people com from the main road can be connected in this point, which the place with the most demand. (Feedback: some people may not like stand on the bridge and sometimes people want to stay on the bridge, thus to put this design here is not the best choose. Maybe we can try under the huge stone bridge or change anther place next time.)
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Experience: I saw people walking and riding. They all enjoy the flash air and the view. When I came to the site, it was a cloudy day. But after walking for 5 minutes, it started to rain, I was walking in the rain without the umbrella or a shelter also I could not find a space to sit. Thus, I decided to create a place which can be suitable for Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weather as well as can be relaxed for people coming and going.
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Sunny Day
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Rainy Day
Detailed design: 1. The pieces of the sectioning can be rotated to suitable for the weather.
This form are suitable for the rainy day or windy day, the fences in
For the rainy day, the fences can be created as a wall to avoid rain come into
right side which just in front of the man could be rotated as a wall,
the space, and also it can just rotate a part of pieces, to create a small closed
to block wind and rain from the opposite.
space for people. These pictures show the two forms that this fence system could be. The left one is the normal form which suitable for sunny day, the shadow of the sectioning pieces are beautiful.
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Detailed design: 2. I used the section control technique to create this fence, and the four main controlled pieces are designed as the four functions for people. 400mm-high stage for sitting, 700mm-high stage as the table to put objects for sitting people, 900mm-high stage suitable for standing people and the curved one comfortable for leaning. That people impact can be closed to the design.
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L E A R N I N G O U TCO M E S / S E P_ 2018
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R E FE R E N C E : 1. “New Parametric Urban Street Furniture For Hong Kong - Evolo | Architecture Magazine”, Evolo.Us <http://www.evolo.us/new-parametric-urban-street-furniture-for-hong-kong/> 2. 2018 <https://www. gooood.cn/tampere-art-museum-by-3gatti.htm>3. Adrian Welch and others, “Driftwood AA Summer Pavilion, London - E-Architect”, E-Architect, 2018 <https://www.e-architect.co.uk/london/driftwoodpavilion-design> 4. “One Main Office Renovation / Decoi Architects”, Archdaily, 2010 <https://www.archdaily. com/778976/one-main-office-renovation-decoi-architects>
About Research: I did a plenty of research about the sectioning technology, I found some interesting ideas and special shapes from the precedent. While I saw them, I could say ‘such an amazing design’ which I never focus in before. They also help me a lot when I did my design project.
About Modeling: During these four-week’s development, I improved my skill about grasshopper and renders. The process of creating the model by grasshopper was hard for me, I need to understand what I want before I add the batteries. But it is amazing that I can change the whole appearance just set different curves and points, also can adjust the shapes and I could see the change directly and immediately.
I M AG E L I S T:
Furthermore, this is my first time to try the laser cut. I have refused to use laser cutting for a long time, I thought it is complicated and inconvenient. But this time, because the sectioning technique is very suitable for laser cutting, I tried it. I found that if I mastered the method, it was simple and fast. I uploaded the file in the morning and got what I wanted in the afternoon, and it was more delicate than making by hands. I will like this method in the future.
Image 1 “Behance”, Behance.Net, 2018 <https://www.behance.net/gallery/18781883/MURENA-BENCH> [Accessed 14 September 2018]. Image 2 https://openyoureyestodesign.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/organic-interior-designs2.jpg?w=660 Image 3 “Clippings - The New Way To Buy Furniture”, Clippings, 2018 <https://clippings.com/?utm_ campain=openbuildings_eol&utm_medium=organic&utm_source=openbuildings> [Accessed 14 September 2018] Image 4“New Parametric Urban Street Furniture For Hong Kong - Evolo | Architecture Magazine”, Evolo.Us <http:// www.evolo.us/new-parametric-urban-street-furniture-for-hong-kong/> [Accessed 13 September 2018]. Image 5&6 2018 <https://www.gooood.cn/tampere-art-museum-by-3gatti.htm> [Accessed 13 September 2018]. Image 7&8&9 Adrian Welch and others, “Driftwood AA Summer Pavilion, London - E-Architect”, E-Architect, 2018 <https://www.e-architect.co.uk/london/driftwood-pavilion-design> [Accessed 13 September 2018]. Image 10&11 “One Main Office Renovation / Decoi Architects”, Archdaily, 2010 <https://www.archdaily.com/778976/ one-main-office-renovation-decoi-architects> [Accessed 14 September 2018]. Image 12 “Understanding The Difference Between Engraving, Etching And Marking”, Ponoko, 2018 <https://www. ponoko.com/blog/digital-manufacturing/understanding-the-difference-between-engraving-etching-and-marking/> [Accessed 14 September 2018]
About Next Part: Also, I am rethinking about my design after the interim presentation. I got a lot of feedbacks from tutors, it changed me some ideas and picked the main problems with my design - also the location I chose is not a good place that everyone would like to stay, and the design itself actually does not really close to the weather function that i want it to be, as well as the skills of the grasshopper does not make a real effect in this project. These things need to be improved in the next part.
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PA R T C DE TAILED DESIGN
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W E E K #09 / S E P_ 2018 FEEDBACK FROM INTERIM PRESENTATIONS 1. Concept can be going on, but the design need improve
C .1. D E SI G N CO N CE P T
PROBLEM: The design proposal is to build a functional fence which beyond is original basic functional, can combine with the weather, and create a special experience for people. The idea of ‘functional fence’ is good, this main concept can be continued using in the next step, but the design should be detailed. The problem is the project I did before was not relative to the weather and the site, the connection between them is weakly, this design does not realize the idea. It does provide functional table chairs for people, but there is no clear relationship with the weather，it can neither block the wind nor rain. Also, the techniques of sectioning and Voronoi pieces are too basic for this design, the real purpose of Grasshopper has not been realized.
Fence is the most effective and common way to limit the space. It divides the field, separates and creates the needed small space from the chaotic large space. The intervention of people and activities makes this space to be a place for people to stay. To combine “Human and nature” “inside and outside”, and “private and public”.
DEVELOPMENT: According to the feedback on the design, I can ask some questions to myself. Firstly, What kind of project do I want to build to fit into the environment? Merri Creek trail is a public park for people walking, running, riding and walking dogs. Thus, the design needs to have the function of creating a relaxing place and lighting in the evening, as well as combine the weather. Secondly, how could the fence relate to the weather? This answer could start with ‘what kinds of weather has and how they can be avoided and accepted by people. The most weathers people experience are the sunny, rainy, cloudy and windy day, so the character of the design should utilize and collect sunlight, shielding rainwater and wind. Therefore, I need do more research on Melbourne’s weather.
WAFFLE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM By LIFT architects
2. Location choose PROBLEM: I chose the bridge to be the human
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system in the interim design, but this is not the best choice. The main function of the bridge is crossing the creek, the width and bearing capacity of the timber bridge is not suitable for assembling people together. Also, no one would go to the bridge to see the scenery for shielding the rain，especially those who are afraid of heights. DEVELOPMENT: So, which location I can choose and why? I have a misunderstanding about the site selection. The place where people will stay and rest does not represent the place with the largest flow or junction of people. People prefer to stay in a wide space than a narrow bridge without privacy. Thus, I change my place to another public junction which more people want to stay and have a better view. The fence could has is basic function for boundary.
3. The technical process is weak PROBLEM: Obviously, my technical process in interim design was not enough. The problem is that the design itself is a whole and does not need to be made up of small pieces. Because it is a sectioning design, there is no connection and composition between each slice, which results in the fabrication process is too simple. At the same time, each piece is a separate plane and does not need to be tested for bending. And the laser cut is the best way to show the sectioning design, this is the reason I only had few processes for interim presentation. DEVELOPMENT: For the final design, I decide to use sectioning technical to be the start step or find the small aggregates form instead of finding geometry, exploring more possibilities of the pieces. Thus, increasing the prototypes and fabrication
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EXISTING FENCES IN MERRI CREEK FOR BOUNDARIES AND PROTECTOR
SITE CHOOSE 1.where a wide place also a junction
According to the concept of the functional pavilion fence, the location requests a place where people want to stay. They prefer a wide, safe and nearly place which they can easily find and arrive. Thus. a junction could be the best choice. 2. Avoid selecting paths and main roads Although junction is the choice place, Its traffic(riding and walking people) organization should be adapted to the traffic conditions of surrounding roads to avoid affecting traffic as much as possible. (Thus, a narrow bridge isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t a better choice) 3. Better view Obviously, people will stay for the beautiful view. The site needs to have a better view, the purposed location should in the centre of the lookout points and the project could be part of the views.
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The wind path in Melbourne mainly is from north all around the year and from south-west during some afternoons. The sun path in the winter has a altitude angle which is 29° to the ground. And summer sun path is 75° to the ground. Therefore, the setting angled solar panels on the top will be the most efficiency in summer and less efficiency in the winter but the energy is still enough for the OLED lighting panel thought.
SITE ANAYSIS 1. Sun Path 2. Wind Path
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C . 2. T E C TO N I C E L E M E N T S & PR OTOT Y PE S W E E K #10/ O C T_ 2018
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Functionsï¼&#x161; Weight and Bearing Capacity
Top - Light weight - Low Bearing Capacity
Bricks
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Types
Material
Polypropylene/Perspex
Middle - median weight - Median Bearing Capacity
Fixed Box
Nails
Bamboo/MDF Bottom -Heavy weight - High Bearing Capacity
Grid Structure
Combination
Joint
Movable Box
Track
Fabrication Process
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Light Weight Solar Panel Average-Changer Heavy Weight Chairs/Tables
Fixed Box Movable Box
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The strength of nails canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t support the weight of people, so I chose to connect the movable box with stainless steel corner pieces. In reality fabrication, I can choose the stronger one. The upper layer does not need to bear a large force, so the number of stainless steel corner pieces is reduced and only it is used to connect the box and the Gridshell.
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From image 1 I use laser cut to cut out the main frame and sliding system, this is the most common way for WAFFLE GRIDSHELL. In the second and third images the system uses tenon joint structure and in the reality, Â we can use this structure with welding to connect the frame so it will be reliable and stable.
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Using pulley rails ( similar to the way drawers are made ) to move the box, I found that due to the thickness of the grid and the fact that the pulleys are too small to support peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s weight during the making process. So I combined the box with the grid by inserting it. However, due to the calculation error, the model has some problems, which are actually consistent with the schematic diagram.
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Charge controller
OLed
Solar Panel The system mainly is depending on natural sunlight and it is completely off grid system. the batteries in the bottom boxes and some invertor will be the next to them. The invertor connected to the solar panels to charge the batteries during the daytime and release the energy from batteries to the OLED panels during nights. The system will have some extra batteries due to the inactive chemical batteries in the winter. Overall the system will work very efficient in the summer. On the other hand, in the winter due to the long nights and short time sunlight, the system is designed to be more capacity to ensure it will work fine in the cold days.
Bettery
Solar Panel Charge controller/Bettery
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Design Brief
Research
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Parametric Modelling
Febrication
Design Programme:
System:
Design Concept:
Main Geometry:
Febrication Methods:
boundaries - Fence
Human System
- Functional fence - Roof for rain - Rest area for sunny day - Sun - (transfer) light for night
- For Sunlight - For Wind direction - Shelter - Height
Laser cut 3D Printing
- Where people meet - Shelter Design Technique: Sectioning
Natural system
Bricks
Gridshell Materials:
- Weather Panel Form: - Scale
Site Analysis: - Transport - Weather - Geometry - Vegetation - Location
Timber Steel Bamboo
Connection
Site Choose
Detailed Design: - OLED - Solar Panel
Precedents:
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Temporary exhibition
Floating
Parametric-architecture-pavilion-christoph-hermann_06
Waffle Grid
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The big roof under the sudden rainstorm The rest area under the scorching sun The charging port of the wide park The warm light in the long night
W E E K #11 / O C T_ 2018
C . 3. FI N A L D E TA I L M O D E L
Fence is the most effective and common way to limit the space. It divides the field, separates and creates the needed small space from the chaotic large space. The intervention of people and activities makes this space to be a place for people to stay. To combine “Human and nature” “inside and outside”, and “private and public”
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W E E K #12 / O C T_ 2018
C .4. L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S A N D O U TCO M E S Objective 1. interrogating a brief When we come together as a group, we each have different interpretations of the brief. In Part B, we were not really explained the meaning of this system yet, but we got the correct direction. And in Part C, I had more ideas for the brief but some of them are totally different. However, I was able to optimize these ideas to formulate the ideal response.
Objective 2. an ability to generate a variety of design possibilities for a given situation Parametric tools are highly beneficial when we are developing and generating the designs. When we want some repetitive patterns, we only need to write an algorithm with logic and it can be automatically generated. But this is still very difficult for me because I have no logical thinking and sometimes I can not understand. But at the same time, when we just put a different button in the grasshopper, I can get another form also can inspire me.
Objective 3. skills in various threedimensional media I still need to improve my skills in Rhino and Grasshopper. Overall, I paid more attention in doing renders in interim presentation, even I was doing all the 2D pictures. Thus, I did not have enough work to practice the skills in Rhino and Grasshopper. In conjunction, I was able to develop both skills further and still have a long journey.
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Objective 4. an understanding of the relationships between architecture and air I believe that architectures should blend with surroundings, it is not only the ‘architecture’ but also the decoration of this world. Like the ‘Water fulling’ by Frank Lloyd Wright, the famous organic architect, it is worth to be advocated. Everything should be live base in the Air, including the architecture. Difference light can create different feeling and emotion for people. According to this case, I am not doing very well. I will do more research like sunlight or the atmosphere of people need, but not just put plants in the project.
Objective 5. the ability to make a case for proposals I did a lot of research and others’ design to inspire us, trying to analysis the advantages and disadvantages of each design. As well as I also change project weekly to make it better. The main problem, in this case, is that I did not focus on the construction rigorously, such as we did not think about the connections and the bearing force in the design process-we think about them, but not solve them.
idea of the future state of the building at the beginning of the design. The proposal is given the main point in the process of the design without deviating the direction. It can be used in the different areas, such as solving problems- In some architectural design tasks, the architect faces a special function area requirement in a special surrounding, which often leads to design difficulties. Maybe responding to site appeals, some site naturally comes with some features or assumptions of spatial perception. Thus, analysis becomes the step of ensuring the concept and technology for the finishing the design. In this case, I tried to put myself in this site, the experience inspired me that I can realize the missing part but needed functions here. This is the beginning of my design.
Objective 7. develop foundational understandings of computational geometry, data structures and types of programming & Objective 8. begin developing a per-
sonalized repertoire of computational techniques substantiated by the understanding of their advantages, disadvantages and areas of application The emergence of parametric design tools largely breaks through the limitations of the design tools themselves. This allows designers to design more without limitations and to use design effects and ideas that were previously impossible to achieve with traditional methods. But at the same time, it also imposes higher requirements on the designers themselves. The designers themselves need to cultivate clear logical thinking and have certain programming thinking ability and observation ability, so as to control parametric design tools and assist in the development of design (It is also the main problem for me). In addition, operability is a serious problem. When my ideas are too far beyond the scope of real power, I need a lot of modifications to complete my plan.
Objective 6. develop capabilities for conceptual, technical and design analyses of contemporary architectural projects The key to architectural projects is ‘Concept’. In my opinion, the concept is arguably the design-
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