newsletter_july&aug_2011-1

NAVAYUGAnews An Inhouse Bimonthly Magazine July - August - 2011

4.5 KM long elevated viaduct at Bengaluru - Neelamangala

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1259, Lakshmi Towers, Rd # 36, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad - 500 033.

Tel: +91-40-2355 7196 Fax: +91-40-2355 7190 www.necltd.com

NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

Vichara Dhara MIND - BODY Connection “If the mind that rules the body ever so far forgets itself as to trample on its slave, The slave is never generous enough to forgive the injury, but will raise and smite the “oppressor”.

H.W. Longfellow

What exactly is the relationship between the three vital parts of ourselves-mind, brain and body has puzzled thinkers throughout the ages. The intermingling of the same has never fully been unraveled and continued to intrigue philosophers everywhere. The Human Body is the entire structure of a human organism, and consists of a head, neck, torso, two arms and two legs. The Body consists of close to fifty trillion cells, the basic unit of life. These cells are organized biologically to eventually form the whole body. The brain is the control centre of nervous system, a NETWORK that stretches to the tips of the toes and into every organ of the body. This system allows continuous, two-way communication between brain and BODY: anything that occurs in one inevitably affecting the other. A key function of the brain is to serve the needs of the body. The body signals its needs through urges, emotion and desires that provoke the brain into producing actions designed to satisfy them. Our bodies are subject to hourly, daily and even longer natural rhythm cycles. These rhythms dictate when we are most vulnerable to illness. All bodily functions vary over time in a rhythmic fashion. The most pronounced body rhythm is the circadian cycle - means "Around a day". It is regulated by biological clock, which responds to external cues, the most important being the level of light. There is actually a physical connection between the brain and the muscles. It is called NEURO muscular junction and chemical exchanges happen at this junction which are the key to your ability to move. Your body responds to the way you think, feel and act. This is often called Mind Body Connection.

Dualism and Monoism are the two major schools of thought that attempt to resolve the Mind - Body dichotomy. Dualism can be traced back to Plato, Aristotle, Sankhya and Yoga of Hindu Philosophy.

Substance dualists argue that Mind is an independent existing substance, where as property dualists maintain that the Mind is a Group of independent properties that emerge from and cannot be reduced to the Brain. Monoism is the position that Mind and Body are not ontologically distinctive kind of entities. Most modern

philosophers maintain in their different ways that Mind is not something separated from Body. The Body has two major message networks - the nervous system and the endocrine system - which provide the main link between the brain and the body. PAIN is one of our most useful survival mechanisms. What you feel as Pain, however does not necessarily match up with what is happening to your body, because pain is - like everything we experienced - 'all in the mind'.

Pain messages travel from nerve endings to the brain via spinal cord.

PNI stands for Psychoneuroimmunology - where ' Psycho' means the Mind, 'Neuro' means the nervous system and 'immunology' the bodies immune defenses. Mind and Body are linked in a single complex system - so if one part of system is damaged or malfunctioning, the rest is bound to be adversely affected. The Body has remarkable powers of recovery, which can be triggered by the Mind to produce a wide range of healing effects. The Body is continuously monitored by several cortical areas, which receive and convey information via spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Other cortical areas generate thoughts and language, and through the bodily changes that underlie emotion into feelings.

The body affects the mind and the mind affects the body. It is always debated whether Mind governs the Body or the Body governs the Mind. Both Body and Mind are expressions of life. Foreseeing the direction of movement is the central principle of the Mind. Since it is the Minds function to decide a point towards which movement is to be made, it occupies the governing position. At the same time the Body influences the Mind, it is the Body which must be moved. The Mind can move the Body only in accord with the possibilities which the Body possesses and those it can train to develop. What the mind focuses upon, "matters". Every thought that we conceive is releasing a shower of chemicals that becomes part of and directs the physical 'matter' of our body. So our perceptions are all in essence an elaborate form of virtual reality. "We need the serenity of mind to have the clarity of consciousness to support the health in our bodies.

When the embodied living being controls his nature and mentally renounces all actions, he resides happily in the city of nine gates [the material body], neither working nor causing work to be done.

Happenings in NEC Recently awarded Projects: 1.

Piling Works: We have been awarded the work of “Pile Foundation for the construction of Grade Separators in E.V.R Salai at the intersection with Nelson Manikam Road Junction and Anna Nagar III Avenue including Vehicular Subway in Chennai”. This work was awarded by M/s. P&C Constructions (P) Ltd., Chennai – 600 037.The value of the work is Rs. 3, 83, 37, 600/-

2.

Piling Works: We have been awarded the work of “Pile Foundation of Grade Seperator at the inter section of Anna Nagar Second Avenue and Mogappair Road at Thirumangalam with IRR in Chennai”. This work was awarded by M/s. P&C Constructions (P) Ltd., Chennai – 600 037. The value of the work is Rs. 2, 35, 15, 200/-

3.

Piling Works: We have been awarded the work of “Pile Foundation work for Hotel Project at IB – 167, Salt Lake City, Sector – III, Kolkata – 700 091”. This work was awarded by M/s. Green Hut Pvt. LTd., The value of the work is Rs. 3, 67, 55, 000/-

4.

Piling Works: We have been awarded the work “ Construction of Diaphragm Wall work for Hotel Project at IB-167, Salt Lake City, Sector –III, Kolkata – 700 091”. This work was awarded by Green Hut Pvt. Ltd., The value of the work is Rs. 11, 05, 74, 547/-

5.

Piling Works: Bored Cast-in-situ Reinforced Cement Concrete piles for Kalinganagar Project, Odisha. This work was awarded by TATA STEEL, Odisha. The total project cost (TPC) is Rs. 84, 44, 91,478.32 (Rupees Eighty four crores forty four lakhs ninety one thousand four hundred seventy eight and thirty two paise only).

Salient features of this Project:

6.

•

Construction Of Bored Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles of 600 mm diameter with total 194000 RM length, Drilling in weathered rock/ hard rock strata about 8460 RM for socketing, 600 mm dia piles.

•

Construction Of Bored Cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles of 1000 mm diameter with total 11550 RM length, Drilling in weathered rock/ hard rock strata about 825 RM for socketing, 1000 mm dia piles.

Piling Works: We have been awarded the work of “Providing and Installation of bored cast in situ piles and under reamed piles and allied works” for 4X600 MW Dahej Thermal Power Project, Suva Village, Vagra Taluka, Bharuch Dist, Gujarat. This work was awarded by Adani Infra (India) Limited, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.The value of the project is Rs. 115.00 crores.

Salient features of this Project: •

Construction of Bored-Cast-in-situ Piles of 600mm diameter of length 232344 RM, 800mm diameter of length 51240RM and 1000mm diameter of length 95480 RM.

•

Construction of Double under-reamed Piles of 400mm diameter of length 2668RM and 300mm diameter of length 1128RM.

One lie ruins a thousand truths

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

Vessel Generated Waves (Harbour Engineering Series: Part - 6)

By

Dr Ir P.V. Chandra Mohan

1. Displacement of water by ship in motion A ship is partially immersed in water. In the case of a cargo vessel, major portion of the hull is under the surface. This means that the hull displaces a large amount of water. In fact, weight of the ship is described as its displacement or,in other words, weight of the water displaced by it. This is a static case. When such a body moves through water, this ‘displacement’ becomes dynamic. Water in a new location gets displaced while a vacuum is created in the old location. As this cannot be sustained, water from the sides and rear gushes in to fill up the void. If the movement is continuous, this creation of vacuum and gushing from surroundings also becomes continuous. The scenario becomes one of complex fluid motion and turbulence around the vessel. Please see fig 1.

Fig 1 Displacement of Water by Ship In Motion The front of the ship is usually termed as the ‘bow’ and rear is the ‘stern’. Nature of the water movement around the vessel is such that there is higher pressure developed at the bow (as the hull displaces water) and stern (as water from three sides gushes in to fill up the space). At the midsection hydrostatic pressures are not altered substantially. So, there is a variable pressure distribution along the hull. This pressure gradient generates a set of waves. Vessel generated waves propagate outwards from the bow as well as from the stern. Waves generated at the bow are of a higher order than those generated at the stern. Height of these waves depends on various factors. They are vessel speed, bow and stern geometry, and the clearance available at the keel and the sides of the vessel from the waterway boundaries. Parameters that affect the period of these waves are the vessel speed and water depth.

2. Diverging and Transverse waves

Fig 2 Wave crest pattern generated by a vessel (Courtesy: Coastal Engineering Manual) Consider a vessel moving at a constant speed over deep water. Please see fig 2. The two types of waves generated by the movement of the vessel are shown in the figure. One set of waves move out from the bow and propagate obliquely from the vessel’s sailing line. They are called Kelvin or diverging waves. Another set of waves, generated at the stern propagate along the sailing line and are called transverse waves. Fig 2 shows crest patterns of both these waves. The line joining the meeting points 4

Better to do something imperfectly than to do nothing flawlessly

of direction of propagation of the Kelvin waves with that of the transverse waves is cusp point. If various such meeting points can be taken, a line can be drawn joining these points which is called locus of cusp points. As can be seen from the figure, the o triangle of Kelvin and transverse wave directions has a half apex angle of 19 28’. One characteristic of this triangular form is that with increasing speed of the vessel, length and period of the waves increase. But the same form is retained though it expands in size. The physical significance of the figure is that largest wave heights occur where the transverse and Kelvin waves meet.

3. Wave parameters Wave celerity and vessel speed are related by the following expression. … (1) Where,

C - celerity of the wave Vs - Vessel speed θ - the angle between the sailingline and the direction of wave propagation

Fig 3 Vessel speed vs celerity of waves Please see fig 3. Celerity of the Kelvin waves is plotted against the vessel speed. This celerity is directly proportional to the speed of the vessel.It can be inferred that transverse waves travel at the same speed of the vessel. In deep water, θ has a value of 35o16'. The above waves have been generated in the deep ocean. Length of the wave crest at the time of its generation has a finite value. They are short crested. Beyond the extremities of the crest, wave height is zero. This condition will give rise to diffraction. As discussed earlier, diffraction is the property that enables transfer of energy laterally along the crest.

This transfer takes place from greater to lesser wave height. In this particular case, diffraction will induce wave heights to continuously decrease as wave crests will go on lengthening. It has been proved that wave heights at cusp points decrease at a rate that is inversely proportional to the cube root of the distance from the vessel's bow or stern. The mechanism of diffraction is applicable to the transverse waves as well. The rate of decrease in this case has been found to be proportional to the square root of the distance towards the back of the bow or stern. The effect of the above finding can be demonstrated by some mathematics. At a distance of 100 metres, the rate of decrease in wave height of Kelvin waves is 0.2154 while that of the transverse wave is 10. The latter diminishes much faster than the former. So, diverging waves become more pronounced with increasing distance from the vessel. Those who observe waterways with moving vessels would have noticed this phenomenon.

4. Shallow water phenomenon The above were discussions on deep water condition. This is the case when the water particle path of the generated wave is not affected by the sea bottom. This is not the case if the vessel is cruising in shallow waters. Apart from the bottom boundary, sides of a restricted channel can also alter the wave pattern. Change in the wave pattern mainly depends on the Froude number.

4.1 Froude number In this scenario, Froude number is defined as:

… (2) Where,

g – acceleration due to gravity d – depth of water Be who you are in every situation

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

Fig 4 Water depth vs Froude number From the above expression one can see that deeper water depths coming under root in the denominator will result in a lower Froude number, vessel speed remaining constant. As the water depth reduces Froude number will increase. For Froude numbers less than 0.7, the condition is considered to be deep water. Fig 4 has been drawn for a vessel speed of 5m/s. At a Froude number of 0.7, the depth is 5m. This is the boundary for deep water as mentioned above. Above this value, water particle path of the generated waves will be affected by the sea bottom and wave pattern changes. Main effect of this is the o o increase in the cusp locus line angle from 19 28' to as high as 90 for a Froude number of unity. Wave heights start increasing.

This can be equated to shoaling of wind generated waves in shallow waters. As F approaches unity, increase in height of Kelvin waves is slower than that of the transverse waves resulting in prominence of the latter. At a Froude number of unity, directions of both diverging and transverse waves merge and both become perpendicular to the sailing line. Most of the wave energy gets concentrated at a single large wave at the bow. At this stage, a restraining factor comes into picture. As F passes 0.9, as the vessel speed increases, hydrodynamic lift will induce the vessel to plane. This happens if the vessel is sufficiently light and is shallow draughted. Planing will prevent further increase in wave heights.

4.2 Direction of propagation For design of harbours, direction, period and height of the waves generated by the design vessel is important. The direction of propagation is given by … (3) Where, θ is in degrees.

Fig 5 Theta, Froude*40 & Celerity*4.5vs Vessel speed In fig 5, water depth is kept constant at 10m. Please see that θ starts a sharp decline at a vessel speed of 7m/s. At this point, Froude number is 0.707. Froude*40 has been plotted as red. This value comes to 28.28 in the graph corresponding to the above Froude number. Celerity of the wave*4.5 has also been plotted in the same figure. It can be seen that celerity of the wave shoots up after a Froude number of 0.9. This is equal to 36 in the graph shown in red. If a vessel is cruising in waters of constant depth, as it increases speed, the Froude number will be on the rise. After a critical value of speed for a particular water depth, theta value nose dives. In the above case, for a depth of 10m, this critical vessel speed is seen as 8 m/s. For Froude numbers greater than one, above relationship is not valid.

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People don't care how much you know, until they know how much you care

Fig 6 Theta & Froude*40 vs Depth of water In fig 6 above, Speed of the vessel is kept constant at 5 m/s. Vessel is cruising in to shallow waters from deeper region. So, depth of water goes on reducing and so Froude number will shoot up. Theta takes a nose dive at a water depth of 5m. At this instance, Froude number is 0.7.

5.

Mathematics of the waves Consider a case, where a vessel is travelling in a harbour channel of draught 15m. Speed of the vessel is 12knots (6.18m/s). Tide is one metre above chart datum. From equation (2),

From equation (3),

From equation, (1)

For intermediate waters, from linear wave theory,

This can be solved by calculator. Period of the wave is obtained as 3.23s.

Now Change the speed of the vessel to 20 knots (10.294m/s) F is obtained as 0.822, θ= 31.104o and C = 8.814m/s Period of the wave works out to 5.885s 6.

Height of waves Height of vessel generated waves depends on various factors. Vessel speed is the most prominent factor. There are other factors like type of vessel, water depth and distance from the sailing line to the location of incidence. A sample of a wave record is given in figure 7 below. It is interesting to note that wave height increases to a maximum quickly and dies down slowly.

Fig 7 Example of vessel generated wave data (Courtesy: Coastal Engineering Manual) Courage is going from failure to failure without losing enthusiasm

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

KNOW YOUR STALWARTS Calm and Composed Subbu…

Self-effacing Subhramanyam, known as Subbu at Head Office in Visakhapatnam is a Senior Office Assistant. Give him a job and forget it – it is done!

Subbu, often diffident, needed coaxing to talk about himself.

Born to humble parents Late Sri Kanakalingeswara Rao and Late SmtYesodamma, Subbu is their second of the four sons.

Born on June 19, 1972, he could not complete intermediate education because of his father’s death. He joined in NEC in 1992 and worked for two years as Store Assistant at Mahi River Project in Gujarat and six years at Karnal-Ambala Cantonment Project in Haryana. He is back in Visakhapatnam Office and got married to Rajeswari from Rajam on March 25, 2000. They have seven-yearold Sai Rohit studying third standard. Rohit always stands second in class and is good at sports.

Subbu, dutiful and honest, attends to works assigned mostly at Accounts Department.

MR. GANTI NAGARAJU joined NAVAYUGA in the year 1996 as an Accounts Assistant and was posted to Visakhapatnam Port Trust WQ-7 Site. Since then he never turned back and had worked in various projects of the Company, such as Tuticorin Port Trust, Kandla Port Trust, DRDO Pune & Jodhpur sites, etc. Presently he is posted at KPCL Site, Nellore since 2006.

During these 16 years of service with Navayuga, he has risen from the position of Accounts Assistant to Accounts Officer and during this transition he has acquired ample knowledge and experience in the field of accounting to his credit. He is well experienced in Accounts, Budgetary & Financial Planning which are essential elements in the successful management and completion of the Company’s contracts.

Born on 19th December 1971 at Visakhapatnam, he obtained his graduation of B.Com (Hons.) with specialization in Financial Accounting from S.K.C.G. College, Parlakimidi, under Berhampur University, Orissa.

He is happily married to Ms. Sunita, and the couple is blessed with two sons – Sai Sasank (5 yrs) and Sai Saswath (6 months). Sai Sasank is studying in 1st Std at a local school in Nellore.

Mr. Nagaraju humbly admits: “Ever since I joined NAVAYUGA FAMILY, I never had to turn back, and the Management was always helpful in reaching my present status. Without the whole-hearted support of the management I would never have reached this level”.

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The charitable give out the Door and God puts it back through the window

THEY MADE BOTH ENDS MEET!

By

Dr Ir P.V. Chandra Mohan

It was 4.00 AM in the early morning of 7th December 2006. They were 40 metres below the ground – within the confines of rock all around. It was pitch dark; not because it was night, since they were so far away from the atmosphere on the surface of the earth that not an iota of light could penetrate to where they were. The electronic measurements from both ends of the shaft told them that they were standing face to face, about 5 metres from each other. The air was filled with the smoke and aura of explosives. The final drilling of the hole was in progress. Their mind was filled with expectant anticipation. More than that there was the mental tension whether the toil of several months would be fruitful. Finally at 4.30 AM the drilled hole went over to the other side! The tunnel advances from both the ends met with precision – at (Rajiv) Bheema Lift Irrigation project. The realization of the goal was a moment’s euphoria. But the effort and thinking that had gone into the saga to make this happen deserves special mention. The hole was through at 4.30; the total section was blasted through by 8.30 in the morning.

The precision of the operation was helped also by the use of electronic distance and angle measuring instruments like total station. “But it is not the tool but the men behind that make the difference”. The tunnel between the ADIT and the intake point was 1662m long. The meeting point was 760m from the intake and 902m from the ADIT. Total stations have a range up to 500m. This means that there has to be at least two or three traverse points inside the tunnel. The readings were being contemplated totally in the dark. The points established on the floor of the tunnel get disturbed as the trucks go over them for demucking. Moreover, there is dripping water from the top and logged water at the bottom. As many as twelve repetitions used to be made meticulously to measure the angle while ranging. The abnormal values were discarded and the average taken for ranging.

What is noteworthy here is not alone the pure achievement but also the speed with which it was achieved.

In our country, progress of tunneling is considered to be good if the rate is 70 to 80m per month. For the reach of 760m from the intake, drilling holes for the explosive charges was done manually. Average rate of progress achieved was 103m/month. On the other side, drilling was done using Boomer. Drilling was faster.

The rate of progress was 142m/month. The rate of tunneling achieved was phenomenal. Navayuga is proud of the achievement and congratulate Prabahar and his men on this occasion.

This is where they met Better to light one small candle than to curse the darkness

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

MOTIVATION SKILLS

By

Mr J. Anantharaman How Good are Your Motivation Skills?

Discover key factors for building a motivated team Managers everywhere want teams that are effective, focussed, and committed to organizational goals.

With a team like this, just think of the performance and results you could deliver! Teams only perform like this if their managers are motivating them effectively.

This is why you need to motivate your team if you want to create a productive work environment. By combining good motivational practices with meaningful work, the setting of performance goals, and use of an effective reward system, you can establish the kind of atmosphere and culture that you need to excel.

The better you are able to link these factors together, the higher the motivation levels of your team are likely to be. That's a win-win for you, them, and the organization. The interactive motivational skills quiz in this article helps you identify the aspects of team motivation that you can improve. From there you will be directed to specific tools that will help you improve your motivation skills.

Take the test and apply the things you learn from it.

You could well see the performance of your team soar! How Good AreYour Motivation Skills?

Take the online test below, and click the 'Calculate my total' button at the foot of the test the assess your motivation skills.

Instructions: For each question, click the button in the column that most applies. Click the 'Calculate My Total' button to add up your score and check your result using the scoring table underneath.

Note: The marks to be calculated as: Not at all-1, Rarely-2, Sometimes-3, Often-4,Very Often-5 As you answered the questions, you probably had some insight into areas where the motivational practices you use could use a pick-me-up. The following is a quick summary of the main areas of motivation that were explored in the quiz, and a guide to the specific tools you can use for each.

The first step in building a highly motivated team is providing interesting work, which is well organized to meet the needs and desires of team members. No matter how self-motivated a person is, how challenging the goals he or she sets, or how wonderful the rewards, if the work is badly designed, it will be hard to motivate people and work will be less than ideal.

Effective motivators understand that work design has a strong impact on performance. When a person finds a job inherently unsatisfying, there's not much you can do to motivate him or her. Job design and enrichment combine to match characteristics of the

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A half truth is a whole lie

job with workers' skills and interests: The more variety, challenge and autonomy there is to a job, the more intrinsically satisfying it will be.

When you are confident that the work you provide is well organized, the next thing to do is to ensure that workers have clear and attainable goals that they're working to achieve. Managing the goal setting process is essential for creating a highly motivating environment. The effectiveness of goal setting in motivation is a well-recognized fact, and by making goals specific, consistent, and appropriately challenging, you can set goals that are powerfully motivating. As such, the SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound) acronym helps you define effective goals.

Specific goals are measurable, unambiguous and behavior-changing. They outline exactly what needs to be accomplished, and when it will be considered as "achieved". Having goals that are consistent with other personal goals as well as organizational goals is also important. If goals are inconsistent, the resulting confusion and incompatibility would like cause the person to do nothing rather than work in different directions.

Finally, challenge is important, due to the observation that we get what we expect. Up to a point, the more you expect from someone, the harder they will generally work. This has been shown time and again, and is explained by the idea of Expectancy Theory: The idea here is that you need to link high effort with high performance, and high performance with a positive outcome. With those two linkages established, people are motivated to work hard to achieve a positive outcome.

things that provide real motivation. These are things like challenging work, control, growth opportunities, and recognition for a job well done. To decide which motivating factors to provide you need to look at the individual employees. Some will be motivated by more time off, while others may prefer to gain status and recognition in the company. Understanding these individual needs is mandatory for building a motivating workplace, and is why question 11 above is a "trick question": if you try to motivate everyone in exactly the same way, you're likely missing plenty of opportunities for motivating individual members of your team. When you know what you want to provide in terms of reward and recognition, it's important to establish an effective system. The primary focus of a reward system is fairness. Both reward and discipline have to be perceived as fairly distributed according to clear guidelines. This is why setting specific performance expectations is so important. ("Fairness" doesn't mean that everyone has the same reward package - it means that differences between people's reward packages need to be clear and understandable.)

It is equally important to make sure you give your team members the tools they need to be successful. If you're setting goals, then you need to make sure that they are attainable, and you do that by providing the necessary support, tools, resources, and training. It's also important that you get to understand the challenges your team faces. This way you can appreciate the small victories that lead to the major accomplishments. Motivation is all about encouragement and appreciation. When you are part of the team and not simply an "observer from above" you will have many opportunities to thank people and recognize good work right on the spot. This is a really important factor in successful recognition.You have to be in a position to show or tell people everyday that you appreciate their contributions.

Once or twice a year in formal review process is not enough!

Key points:

Motivational techniques should bring out the best in people. That means they should build on an individual's strengths and minimize his or her weaknesses. There are certainly some common denominators in motivation, like fair wages, decent working conditions, a sense of camaraderie with coworkers, and a good relationship with one’s supervisor. Abraham Maslow and Frederick Herzberg are two famous motivation theorists who established that even if these sorts of things are not necessarily motivating in themselves, they have to be present in order to even think about enhancing motivation.

However, the assumption in most modern workplaces is that these lower order, "hygiene" factors are being met, and that people are seeking the

If you want to build a high performance team, then you absolutely have to learn how to motivate team members. Side benefits of this include high levels of team-member job satisfaction, and good staff retention.

You can stimulate high performance through providing interesting and challenging work, helping people set and achieve meaningful goals, and recognizing and rewarding high performance in ways that are valued by each individual. Making a point of motivating people is a challenge in and of itself. Once you decide you are up to it, however, you too will reap the rewards and benefits. This creates a momentum that will help you and your team achieve great success.

Without the human community one single human being cannot survive

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

PROJECT Sea Water Intake System for 2x135 MW Power Plant At Nellore

Channel Portion for Sea Water Intake

Total View Sea Water Intake

Bheema Lift Irrigation Project Lift II Stage II

Rajiv Bheema Lift Irrigation Scheme Project Lift - II Stage - II Pump House, Delivery Mains and Anchor Blocks

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Temporary Strutt Arrangement in Pump House

Work in Progress in Pump House and Forebay Portion

Bengaluru - Neelamangala

Project completed successfully and toll operation started

A man sees in the world what he carries in his heart

PICTORIALS Kakinada Port

Unit - 2 after deek slab placement

Piling at 5th & 6th Berth

Piling at Unit - 2 of NRW Extension Jetty

NRW Ext. Jetty

5.25 KM viaduct – Delhi Metro Project

The test we must set for ourselves is not to march alone but to march in such a way that others will wish to join us

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

SAFETY MEASURES Mr. N.V.Siva Prasad, Safety Officer,NEC informs that we have completed 1000 piles by 28th of Dec 2010 with ZERO ACCIDENT/INCIDENT in The Indu Project, Nellore.

• TOTAL NO. OF ‘TOOLBOXES’ CONDUCTED 92 • TOTAL NO. OF SAFETY DRILLS CONDUCTED FOR NEW EMPLOYEES / WORKERS 77 • TOTAL NO. OF EMPLOYEES ATTENDED IN TOOLBOX PROGRAM 1331 • TOTAL NO. OF SAFE MAN HOURS 465832 • TOTAL NO. OF MAN DAYS WORKED IN SITE 58229 The other major activities conducted by him are: 1. MEDICAL CAMP AT SITE OFFICE & LABOUR CAMP AT INDU PROJECT, Nellore with the cooperation of Mr. D.V.Narayana, Project Manager.

2.

SAFETY MOTIVATIONAL PROGRAMME FOR NATIONAL SAFETY DAY 12TH MARCH 2010 at Indu project at Nellore.

3.

Fire fighting Demo/Training at BTPP, Kakarapalli on 27-12-2010 with the cooperation of Mr.D.Narayana, Chief Project Manager

WE WISH THAT THESE GOOD SAFETY MEASURES ARE FOLLOWED IN ALL OUR SITES.

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Courage faces fear and thereby masters it

By

Project Management - (Part-II)

Mr T. Subba Rao & Mr K.S.V. Rama Srikanth

(PART-II)

“A project is complete when it starts working for you, rather than you working for it.”

PROJECT EXECUTION In continuation of Part –I where in project development aspects are already covered.

Under Part – II further project implementation and execution are discussed as under.

1. Initiation & Planning Phase: a.

The Project Initiation Phase : This is the first Project Phase and is usually represented by the conceptualization of the project. The purpose of this phase is to specify the objective that the project should accomplish. The basic processes of the Project Initiation Phase are: s Creation of a Product / Project Description Document. This is an informal, high-level statement describing the characteristics of the product / project / process to be created.

Planning, monitoring and control of all aspects of a project and the motivation of all those involved in it to achieve the project objectives on time and at the specified cost, quality and performance.

s Development of Project Feasibility Document.

This identifies project constraints, alternatives and related assumptions applied to the end product to be developed. Project feasibility is characterized by four basic components: s Business Problem Description. s Approach Overview to be used to develop the project. s Potential issues & Solutions of the project. s Preliminary analysis and Recommendations. s Development of Project Concept Document. It determines what is to be done? How will it be done? and why is it to be done? Thus determining the business value to be achieved after project completion. s Creation of Project Charter. Project Charter formally communicates the initiation of the project. It consists of Project Scope, Project Authority and Critical Success Factors.

CHALLENGES

The following are some common barriers and problems are being faced by Project Managers during the Initiation Phase. s To keep motivational positive spirits of project team in case the project delayed to take off. s Lack of required level of commitment and direction from the management and key stake holders. s Identifying right persons for project team Building.

The unselfish effort to bring cheer to others will be the beginning of a happier life for ourselves

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NAVAYUGAnews

b.

July - August - 2011

baseline. Project Execution is characterized by the actual work on the tasks planned. Project Control involves the comparison of the actual performance with the planned performance and taking appropriate corrective action to get the desired output.

The Project Planning Phase: It is the most important phase in project management. The effort spent in planning can save countless hours of confusion and rework in the subsequent phases.

The purpose of the Project Planning Phase is:

During this phase, Project Team shall take up the following activities:

s

Establish Business Requirements.

s

Establish Cost, Schedule, List of Deliverables and Delivery Dates.

s

s

Kick off Meeting with Project Team members & Stake holders.

Establish Resource Plan.

s

Get required authority approval and proceed to next phases.

s

Team Members execute the tasks as planned by the Project Manager

s

Project Manager is responsible for performance measurement which includes finding variances between planned and actual work, cost and schedule.

s

Project manager is responsible for providing Project Status Report to all key stakeholders to provide project status visibility.

The basic processes of the Project Planning Phase are: s

Scope Planning. This specifies the in-scope requirements for the project.

s

Preparing the Work Breakdown Structure.

This specifies the breakdown of the project into tasks and sub-tasks.

s

Organizational Breakdown Structure. This specifies who all in the organization need to be involved and referred for Project Completion.

s

the Resource Planning. This specifies deployment of resources at the required time & duration

s

Project Schedule Development. This specifies the entire schedule of the activities detailing their sequence of execution.

s

s

2.

Budget Planning. This specifies the budgeted cost to be incurred in the completion of the Project.

P ro c u re m e n t P l a n n i n g . P l a n n i n g f o r procurement of all resources (staff and nonstaff).

s

Communication Planning. Planning on the communication strategy with all project team members and stakeholders.

s

Quality Planning. Planning for Quality Assurance applicable to the Project.

s

Risk Management Planning. Charting the risks, contingency plan and mitigation Strategies.

s

Configuration Management Planning. Defines how the various project artifacts will get stored. Project Planning is the key function for a project's success which helps team members to understand their responsibilities and expectations from them and identifies scope, tasks, schedules, risks, quality and staffing needs.

IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS & CONTROL PHASE: This follows the Project Planning Phase and ideally starts once the Project Plan has been approved as

16

a.

Kick off Meeting: The kick-off meeting initiates the trends of project direction. The purpose(s) of this first project meeting should be clear in its objectives and methodologies.

A kick-off meeting has four basic functions: a) Declaration about the beginning of the project b) Outline the project goals as well as the individual roles and responsibilities of team members c) Clarify the expectations of all parties d) Emphasize the commitment by all those who influence the project’s outcome.

Generally speaking, this is a gathering of the project team, executive management, stakeholders, and other parties who need to officially recognize the commencement of the project. Project Managers know that the kick-off meeting can be understood as a perfect icebreaker situation where all attendees also gain a common understanding of the project’s objectives and priorities. Key topics to be discussed in Kick off Meeting are: Business plan, Project Frame work, Team Charter, Master Planning and Team Building.

The basic processes of the Project Execution and Control can be: s

Project Plan Execution.

s

Review of Metrics and Status Reports.

s

Change Control Process. This defines the procedures to handle the changes that are introduced during Project Execution and its course of Control. The facilitating processes during Project Execution and Control can be:

You have not lived until you have done something for someone who can never repay you

b.

s

Performance Monitoring & Status Reporting with S - Curve (Schedule Vs Actual)

s

Quality Assurance and Quality Control.

s

Information Distribution

s

Project Administration.

s

Risk Monitoring and Control.

s

Scope Change Management & Control.

s

Schedule,Time and Cost Control.

s

Contract Administration.

Sample project S Curve

S – Curve : The S Curve is a well known project management tool and it consists in "a display of Actual Vs Planned”. The name derives from the S-like shape of the curve, flatter at the beginning and end and steeper in the middle, because this is the way most of the projects look like.

The S curve can be considered as an indicator and it is used for many applications related to project management such as: target, baseline, cost, time etc. That's why there is a variety of S Curves such as:

Project Execution and Control Phase has a direct correlation to project progress and stakeholder's expectations. Even the minor issues, if unnoticed, can cause major impact on cost, schedule and risk and deviate the project from the Project Plan, thus emphasizing the importance for the Project Execution and Control Phase.

3.

CLOSURE PHASE: The commencement of the Project Closure Phase is determined by the completion of all Project Objectives.

1.

Cost versus Time S Curve: Appropriate for projects that contain labor and non-labor tasks.

2.

EPC Target S Curve: This S Curve reflects the ideal progress of the project if all tasks are completed as currently scheduled for Engineering, Procurement & Construction.

Project Closure includes the following tasks: s

a. Engineering Curve: It shows the actual percentage of completion Vs Scheduled.

Release of the resources, both staff and nonstaff, and their redistribution and reallocation to other projects, if needed.

s

b. Procurement Curve: It shows the actual percentage of completion of procurement completed.

Closure of any financial issues like labor, contract etc.

s

Collection and Completion of All Project Records.

s

Archiving of All Project Records.

s

Documenting the Issues faced in the Project and their resolution. This helps otherFig.2 projects to plan for such type of issues in the Project Initiation Phase itself.

s

Recording lessons Learnt and conducting a session with the Project Team on the same.

This helps in the productivity improvement of the team and helps identify the dos and don’ts of the Project.

s

Celebrate the Project Completion.

c. Construction Curve: It shows the actual percentage of construction completed versus planned.

3.

4.

Value and Percentage S Curves: Percentage S Curves are useful for calculating the project's actual percentage completion.

Actual S Curve: This S Curve reflects the actual progress of the project to date.

In order to be able to generate a S Curve, A Baseline and Production Schedule are necessary because they contain important information for each task: -the Baseline - contains information about Actual Start date and finish date.

-

The Baseline - can also contain information about Man Hours and costs.

-

The Project Schedule contains information about the actual percentage completion.

The basic process of the Project Closure Phase involves: Administrative Closure. This is the process of preparation of closure documents and process deliverables. This includes the release and redistribution of the Project Resources.

Preperation of Post Implementation Evaluation Report of Project. It includes s

Project Sign-Off

Charity should begin at home, but should not stay there

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

s

Staffing and Skills

s

Project Organizational Structure

s

Schedule Management

s

Cost Management

s

Quality Management

s

Configuration Management

s

Lessons learnt.

4.

Approaches & Strategies in Project Management for future Projects : Technique

Evolutionary development Time and cost management

Lessons Learnt forms an integral part of the Project Closure Phase. It helps answer the following typical question during Project Closure. s

Did the delivered product / solution meet the project requirements and objectives?

s

Was Project Schedule Met?

s

Was the Project completed within Budgeted Cost?

s

Were the risks identified and mitigated?

s

What could be done to improve the process?

Control gate reviews; stage-gate management

Real risk management

Deliver the solution in increments applying lessons learned Use a rigorous process to track progress and control the project deliverables.

After completing each major project phase, conduct quality reviews of deliverables and determine lessons learnt, update cost, schedule and scope baselines for remaining Phases, incorporating lessons learnt. Reexamine and update the project implementation process. Make recommendations to management about continued investment.

Identify risks every month and reexamine Risks and mitigation strategies.

Reference : 1.

2.

3.

4.

The outputs from Project Closure Phase provides as a stepping stone to execute the next projects with much more efficiency and control.

www.visitask.com/project-management.

PM World Today www.pm4dev.com NYS Project Management Guidebook

By

Laugh a While

Ms. B. Ushabala

Here are some bloopers in English: I. A Person wanted to apply for leave, and here are examples of his application listing various grounds on which he wanted leave: 1. As I have to go to my village to sell my land along with my wife, please grant me one week’s leave.

2. As my wife is ill and I am her only husband, kindly grant me leave for one week.

3. As I am marrying my daughter, grant me leave for one week.

4. As my mother-in-law has expired, and I am responsible, please grant me two days’ leave.

5. As I want to shave my son’s head, please leave me for two days.

6. I am in well here and I hope you are also in the same well.

II. Response to advertisement calling for posts of typist and accountant: I have been working as both for the past several years, and therefore I am applying for the post, please refer to my biology.

III. ”Today is our wedding day. What will you give me?”

“I will give you a ring” “On cell phone or on landline?”

IV. A babu in an office was in the habit of taking leave all of a sudden without proper notice. He was warned that he should apply for leave in advance 18

Application

V.

before availing of it.

After two days, he sent his leave letter as follows: As my grandmother is to be operated upon tomorrow and is likely to expire soon thereafter, please grant me leave so that I can be by her side at the right time”.

Doctor to patient: “You are feeling very weak, you have slight anaemia. So, go to that hotel at the corner and eat well, by taking fruits, black or green tea, nuts, and sprouted grains”.

“Why to that hotel?”

“Because my wife is managing that hotel”.

VI. “Will your child become a politician?”

“Surely” “How do you say so?”

“Because nobody understands what he speaks”.

“I am sure your son will become a doctor”.

“Why do you say so?”

“Because nobody can read what he writes”. {"!!!!! Believe Where Others Doubt, Save Where Others Waste, Work Where Others Refuse, Stay Where Others Quit, You Will Win Where Others Lose !!!!!"}

Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom

CIVILIZATION vs. CULTURE

By

Mr. G. Venkata Rao

CIVILIZATION is the sum total of human achievements in the sphere of material growth and prosperity. Civilization is tantamount to the material advancement of mankind. The accumulative effect of all those agencies which make human life comfortable externally can be called as “CIVILIZATION”.

On the other hand, CULTURE is the sum total of great human achievements in the fields of human thinking and artistic expression.

In other words, they can be compared like this: --- If Civilization is an attitude of living, then Culture is an attitude of thinking - ONE IS EXTERNAL AND THE OTHER IS INTERNAL. ---It is very easy to adopt Civilization, but it is difficult to adopt Culture ---Civilization is changing but Culture is rigid.

--- TO BE PRECISE, CIVILIZATION IS WHAT WE HAVE AND CULTURE IS WHAT WE ARE

EDITOR’S DESK Our News bulletin is our inhouse Magazine. This is being published for the past 8 years. The main objective of this news bulletin is not only imparting certain limited technical material but also to share with the employees about their personal lives and experiences. We have been requesting all our readers from time to time to send some technical articles, personal experiences at the sites, interaction with their colleagues, superiors and subordinates. As the response from the readers is trivial the magazine is becoming monotonous covering only a few technical articles and site details. In the recent times many fresh Engineers and other Personnel have been recruited and at least they can contribute some interesting articles as they are fresh from the colleges and have touch with the subject they have mastered. It is quite surprising that no one has come forward to provide the required material. All other readers also are not availing the facility envisaged by our Magazine to proudly announce the performances of their children either in studies, sports or in other extracurricular activities. We once again request the readers to come forward freely to express their views and experiences and their achievements in any field so as to make our Magazine more interesting and interactive. We also wish to open a readers’ column for the benefit of honoring your views exclusively. Encourage your children to send their experiences in colleges and schools and send varieties of jokes, anecdotes and short stories, as they give the Magazine a special texture.You may also send the news pertaining to marriages and other important events in your family. Hope you respond to our request and send the articles on various subjects and make the Magazine a proud presentation and not a mere casual news bulletin.

N. Viswanath viswanathn@necltd.com

Unless a man undertakes more than he possibly can do, he will never do all that he can

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

Best Management Quotations

By

Mr. Yagna Kiran

“The conventional definition of management is getting work done through people, but real management is developing people through work.”

– Agha Hasan Abedi “Good management is the art of making problems so interesting and their solutions so constructive that everyone wants to get to work and deal with them.”

– Paul Hawken “Management is doing things right; leadership is doing the right things.”

– Peter Drucker “The purpose of business is to create and keep a customer.”

– Peter Drucker “Risk comes from not knowing what you're doing.”

– Warren Buffett “In the business world, the rear view mirror is always clearer than the windshield.”

– Warren Buffett “If you don't have a competitive advantage, don't compete.”

– Jack Welch “An organization's ability to learn, and translate that learning into action rapidly, is the ultimate competitive advantage.”

– Jack Welch “The success combination in business is: Do what you do better... and do more of what you do...”

- David Joseph Schwartz “Failure is simply the opportunity to begin again, this time more intelligently.”

– Henry Ford “Whether you think that you can, or that you can't, you are usually right.”

– Henry Ford “When everything seems to be going against you, remember that the airplane takes off against the wind, not with it.”

– Henry Ford “Smooth seas do not make skillful sailors.”

– Unknown “When a management team with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for bad economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.”

– Warren Buffett 20

If you tell the truth you don't have to remember anything

Suggestion 2012 BLUE PRINT FOR YOU TO BECOME NEW PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS FOR THE YEAR 2011 1)

Do not carry excess baggage. Forget unpleasant things that may have happened in the past.

2)

Make god real in your daily life.

3)

You must become new.

4)

Expect the best and you will have it. Be positive

5)

Begin with what you have. Do not wait for conditions to change. Now is the time, here is the place.

Begin.

6)

Sow good seeds in the field of your life. Think good thoughts, speak good words and perform good deeds.

7)

Give! Give! Give! Give without any expectations or reward. Give the best in you.

8)

Appreciate everyone whom you deal with “today”.

9)

Perform at least one helpful deed today.

10)

Choose any one situation where you can forget ‘me’ and think only of ‘him’ or ‘her’.

11)

Use the money you have set aside for personal spending to buy something for another.

12)

Decide to forgive, and more importantly to forget a hurt offered to you.

13)

For the entire day, try your best to speak the truth and nothing but the truth.

14)

If possible, approach the person who has tried to harm you, in kindness and with an extended hand of friendship.

15)

Today, when you pray, pray for the world, for all humanity, for all creation. Feel yourself to be a part of all that you see in this beautiful world.

16)

Just for today, decide that you will not get angry or loose your temper.

17)

No action in the universe is without result and once we do something, there is no escape from the consequences of the deed.

18)

Set an alarm or remainder and every hour; devote at least 15 seconds entirely to GOD.

19)

Lighten the workload of another, whether at work or at home for today.

20)

Speak sweetly and kindly, without a harsh word or look, to everyone you meet.

21)

Discipline your tongue for the day by eating bland if you like your food spicy or bitter food if you like sweet dishes.

22)

Read, understand and imbibe something from any of the scriptures.

23)

Approach any of your elders, bow down to them and thank them for all that they have done for you.

When it comes to giving, some people stop at nothing

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NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

24)

Today, count your blessings. Express your gratitude to GOD for all the things you take for granted the air you breathe, the movement of your limbs, your sense of sight and sound.

25)

Maintain your equilibrium and your silence even if you are accused wrongly of anything.

26)

Even if you have excelled in doing something, share the credit with another.

27)

Appreciate the efforts of each one, you come across during the day, whether worker, colleague, boss, family of friend.

28)

Do not argue or express your opinion in any discussion. Listen patiently to the others view. Then, if necessary you may gently explain yours.

29)

Walk, exercise, or do yoga to keep your body fit.

30)

Try to eliminate one meal from your day. It will benefit both the body and mind.

31)

Feed the poor and needy. If that is not possible, then, share your meal with another.

32)

Clean and tidy your surroundings. If they are already clean, help another with theirs. It helps to clear the clutter in the mind as well.

33)

Throughout the day, try to think of only one thing at a time. If you waver, bring the thought back to yours focus. It helps in concentration.

34)

If you do any shopping, before you add more stuff to your possessions, at least give away one of the things you already have.

35)

Is there something important to be done by you whom have been putting off? Try and do it today.

36)

Wake up with a smile on your lips and a spring in your step, thanking GOD for having given you a brand new day.

37)

If any wish or desire of yours is not fulfilled, do not be disappointed or miserable. Instead thank god that in his wisdom, he did not bestow it on you.

38)

If anything precious is taken away from you, do not curse another, but pray for help and strength from the lord.

39)

Begin and end your day with a long and loving chat with god, your eternal friend and companion.

40)

Two fold path of virtue presented by swamiji (Resolution) •

I, in my life time will not cause any harm to anybody, either physically or mentally.

•

I will render all possible help to those who are suffering.

Suggestions: Continue the same throughout the year. If you succeed in following even a few of these ideas, you are well on your way to becoming a NEW YOU as Dada Vaswani suggests. And you will be From 8th point onwards, put those ideas into practice each one on each day of the month. well you are on your way to a peaceful and beautiful year 2012.

Courtesy: East and West Series

22

To win without risk is to triumph without glory

Hoysaleswara Temple

By

Mr. Ch. Pavan Kumar Location : Built in : Dedicated to: Attraction : Significance: How to reach:

Halebid, Karnataka 12th century Lord Shiva Exquisite architecture One of the largest temples dedicated to Lord Shiva in South India One can easily reach Hoysaleswara Temple by taking regular Buses or by hiring taxis from anywhere in Karnataka

of the shrines are located next to each other, facing the east direction. The shrine comprises the Shiva lingam (phallic form of Lord Shiva), the universal symbol of Lord Shiva.

Besides the other shrines, there is one shrine that is dedicated to Lord Surya. Here, Sun God is depicted in the 7 ft tall image. The halls comprise huge images of Nandi, the attendant of Lord Shiva. Hoysaleswara Temple stands as a testimonial of the bygone era. The outstanding structure of the temple has been accredited for being the epitome of Hindu architecture.

Architecture The remarkable structure of this temple has been acclaimed as a perfect exemplar of Hindu style of architecture. Its architecture is often regarded as the 'supreme climax of Indian architecture'. In the exteriors, many projections and recesses in the walls make the structure quite complex; in contrast to it, the interiors appear simple. The exterior walls of the temple have a splendid assortment of stone sculptures.

Hoysaleswara Temple is one amongst the largest shrines that are dedicated to Lord Shiva in South India. In the 12th century, the temple was built during the rule of King Vishnuvardhana of Hoysala Empire. The construction of this marvelous shrine got completed in 1121 CE. Located at Halebid, Hoysaleswara Temple can be easily reached from Belur (16 kms), Hassan (31 kms) and Mysore (149 kms) in Karnataka. Apart from these cities, Halebid is accessible from almost every city and town of Karnataka by regular buses and hired taxis.

It is believed that the temple derived its name from Vishnuvardhana Hoysaleswara, the presiding ruler in those times. However, the erection of the temple was started and sponsored by the affluent Shaiva citizens (mainly Ketamalla and Kesarasetti) of Halebid. At the time of construction, a tough competition held between Hoysaleswara Temple and Chennakesava Temple at Belur.

Hoysaleswara Temple witnessed ransack of loot and raid by the Muslim invaders in the early 14th century. After the horrifying incident, the temple was reduced to rubble and fell into the state of sheer neglect.

Hoysaleswara Temple has two shrines, one dedicated to Hoysaleswara and another for Shantaleswara (named after Shantala Devi, queen of King Vishnuvardhana).

Standing on a raised platform, the temple is made out of Chloritic Schist (Soapstone, also known as potstone). Both of the shrines are located next to each other, facing the east direction. The shrine comprises the Shiva lingam (phallic form of Lord Shiva), the universal symbol of Lord Shiva.

Hoysaleswara Temple is particularly known for its wall sculptures that are imprinted right from the outset of the outer wall. Opening with an image of dancing Ganesha on the left hand side of the south entrance, the series ends with a different image of Ganesha on the right hand side of the north entrance. The whole collection has not less than 240 images. The most complicated of all sculptures, are traceable in the beams, over two of the entryways, one on the southern entryway and other on the eastern entryway.

The interiors of the temple are quite plain except for the lathe turned pillars that dash in rows flanked by the north and south doorways. Making the forefront of the each shrine, the four pillars are the most elaborate having 'madanika' sculptures in their brackets. The massive temple has four porches serving as its doorways.

Generally, only one porch is left open for entry that lies in the north.

The superstructure on the shrines is known as 'Sunakasi', which used to be a row of ornamented miniature roofs on top of the attics of the hall, are all gone astray. Even the towers of the shrines are not there. The temple was constructed at a height to grant adequate horizontal and vertical space to illustrate large and small sculptures.

Garuda Pillar Garuda Stambha (Pillar) is an attention-grabbing structure of Hoysaleswara Temple. Garudas were known to be the selected bodyguards of the kings and queens.

They used to live and move with the Royalty with the sole aim to defend their master. At the death of their master, they committed suicide. In the southern side, the pillar demonstrates heroes flanking knives and cutting their own heads. The inscription on the pillar commemorates Kuruva Lakshma (bodyguard of Veera Ballala II).

Tell me and I forget; show me and I remember; involve me and I understand

23

NAVAYUGAnews

July - August - 2011

The History Of The Indian Flag.

By

Ms V. Shalini

The flag that was first hoisted on August 7, 1906, at the Parsee Bagan Square in Calcutta.

Our National Flag, which was born on July 22, 1947, with Nehruji's words, "Now I present to you not only the Resolution, but the Flag itself". This flag was first hoisted at the Council House on August 15, 1947.

The man who designed Tiranga versatile genius Lt. Shri Pingali Venkayya.

Called the 'Saptarishi Flag', this was hoisted in Stuttgart at the International Socialist Congress held on August 22, 1907.

Associated with the names of Dr. Annie Besant and Lokmanya Tilak, this flag was hoisted at the Congress session in Calcutta during the 'Home Rule Movement'.

Lt .Shri Pingali Venkayya India's flag is a tricolor standard, with bands of In the year 1921, a young man from Andhra presented this flag to Gandhiji for approval. It was only after Gandhiji's suggestion that the white strip and the charkha were added.

saffron, white, and dark green. The saffron represents courage, sacrifice, patriotism, and renunciation. It is also the color of the Hindu people. The green stands for faith, fertility and the land; it is the color of the Islam religion. The white is in the center, symbolizing the hope for unity and peace. In the center of the white band is a blue wheel with 24 spokes. This is the

This flag was suggested during the All India Congress Committee session in 1931. However, the Committee's suggestion was not approved.

Ashoka Chakra (or "Wheel of Law"). The Chakra represents the continuing progress of the nation and the importance of justice in life. It also appears on the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka " .

Source: Internet On August 6, 1931, the Indian National Congress formally adopted this flag, which was first hoisted on August 31.

24

One man tells a lie, dozens repeat it as the truth