International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Durability Properties of Cement Concrete Using Laterite as Partial Replacement for Natural Aggregates
Chethan Kumar N T1 , Dr. K E Prakash2 , Dr. Rajani V Akki3
1Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg. Malnad College of Engineering, Hassan-573 202, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi - 590018
2Professor & Principal, Dept. of Civil Engg. Shree Devi Institute of Technology, Mangalore–574142, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi - 590018
3Asst. Professor, Dept. of Civil Engg. East Point College of Engineering, Bangalore–560049,
Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi - 590018
Abstract – The coarse aggregates obtained from laterite wastes are gaining importance in recent decades in view of scarcity of natural coarse aggregates. In this present study, concreteisdesignedforM30mixproportionandtheconcrete mixture was developed using laterite waste as a partial replacement of natural aggregates at varying percentages (5%,10%,15% and 20%) as partial replacement of natural coarse aggregates. Also, the Laterite can be used as fine aggregates in concrete composites, hence the replacement is considered for fine aggregates too. These blends’ hardened properties,suchascompressivestrengthandflexuralstrength were investigated. Among the said proportions of replacements,15%replacementofnaturalcoarseaggregates yielded promising results. 10% of fine aggregate provides satisfactory results. From the durability point of view, prepared samples were immersed in sea water and satisfactory results were obtained.
Key Words: Laterite,Ecofriendly,Rigidpavements.
1.INTRODUCTION
Construction of rigid pavements is increasing rapidly in India especially for low volume roads. The production of concretemixinvolvesmaterialslikefineaggregateorriver sandandcoarseaggregate,stonequarry.Alsothesenatural resources are not widely available abundantly and hence procurement of these materials is a challenging task due theirnon-availability.Thesedemandsfortheuseofalternate natural resources as a partial replacement/complete elimination of non-renewable natural resources. More numberofstudiesareoccurringfordevelopingenvironment friendly sustainable materials are achieved with the replacement of natural aggregates with laterite soil. A quantumamountoflateriteisavailableinwesternpartsof Karnataka and also other regions of India where rate of rainfall is heavy. Also the concept of recycling is very essential for the present day construction activities. As mentioned above the laterite, after utilizing for various constructionactivitiescanbeusedasfineaggregate.
Very less number of research works are available on the applicationoflateritefortheproductionofconcrete.
InanutshelltheLateritecanbeusedeffectivelyalongwith thenaturalcoarseaggregateandfineaggregates.
Significance of present study
Thisresearcharticleprimarilyfocusesonstudy,analysisand comparison of the compressive strength, flexural strength anddurabilitybehaviorofconcretemixeratlongerduration. Very limited studies were carried out by the researchers, howeverthecurrentresearchworkinvolvesthecombined effectoflateriteascoarseaggregateandfineaggregatefor the assessment ofstrengthparameters andalso durability parameters.Thisparticularstudyprovidesa pathtowards sustainable construction practices which helps in the reductionofglobalwarmingandprotectingnaturalresources
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
The details of the material used in the study for the productionofconcretemixisshowninFig1.(a),(b)&(c).
Cement
Ordinary Portland cement of grade 53 (OPC 53) which satisfiestherequirementsofIS269:2015wasused,physical propertiestestexaminedasperIS4031andtheresultsare representedintable1.
Table -1: Properties of Cement
(a) Chemicalcompositionofcement Constituent
(b) Physicalpropertiesofcement
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Natural aggregates
The natural coarse aggregate used in this study were of standardsandquarryandthefineaggregatewasthenatural river sand, these aggregate were tested for physical properties as per IS 2386 part 3 and corresponding test resultsareshownintable2.Theparticlesizedistribution test was conducted as per IS 383 and the fine aggregate belongstozone2.
Table -2: Physical properties of aggregates used in the study
3. MIX PROPORTIONS
M30 concrete mix proportion is adopted for the testing purposeasperIS10262codalprovisions.
CA–Coarseaggregates FA–Fineaggregates
Laterite
Laterite is a red mud which is abundantly available in westernpartsofKarnatakaandotherpartsofIndia. Laterite afterusingforthevariousbuildingactivities,werecollected for the experiment purpose. Size of the Laterite particles converted as fine aggregate grain size. The physical propertiesoflateritewererepresentedinTable2.
The test procedure aims to understand the behavior of alternatematerialtonaturalcoarseandfineaggregates. The lateriteaggregatesincludedwiththevariouspercentagesto determinetheoptimumstrengthparameters.Todetermine optimumdosageofadditive,i.e,laterite,atestsampleswith 5%,10%,15%and20%inclusionweredoneforbothcoarse andfineaggregatealternates.
Further the quantity of composition of each material is representedintable-3.Lateritewith20mmdownsizeand 4.75 mm downsize are considered as coarse and fine aggregatesrespectively. Table3representsmixproportions usedfortheexperimentalwork.
Table -3: Mix proportion of materials
In the above table, M1 represents normal conventional concrete mix. M2 to M5 represents replacement of fine aggregatewithLateritewithvaryingpercentages.Similarly, M6toM9representsreplacementofcoarseaggregateswith Lateritewithvaryingpercentages.
Fig.1(a)Coarseaggregates
Fig.1(b)Fineaggregates
Fig.1(c)Laterite
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Compression test
Concrete cube specimens were prepared for varying percentagesofadditivematerialstocheckthecompression strength at different ages as per IS 516. In this study, concretecubeswerecastedforadimensionof150x150mm andcuringwasdonefor7days,28daysand84days. Atotal of 27 cube specimens were casted and tested. Laterite incorporatedascoarseaswellasfineaggregateandseparate proportionswereconsideredandtested.
Flexural strength test
To check the flexural strength of concrete, three-point bendingtestwasadopted,asperIS516.Abeamspecimenof dimension, 100 x 100 x 500 mm was selected for the test procedure.
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Compressive strength test was conducted on all the prepared cube samples at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days curing.Also,thecubesweresoakedforseawatercuringfor anageof84days.
Theresultsrepresentinbelowtableshows,15%ofinclusion ofLateriteascoarseaggregatesgivessatisfactoryresultsand 10% of inclusion of Laterite as fine aggregate gives good results at normal water as well as sea water curing. Compared to normal water curing, as sea water contains dissolvedsalt,theconcretecubesamplegiveslesserstrength atlongerduration.
Duringflexuraltestingalsoat15%replacementofnatural aggregatewithLateriteprovidesgoodresultsandalsoat28 dayscuringbeamsamplesprovides10%replacementoffine aggregatesgivessatisfactoryresults.
Fig. 2 Compressive strength comparison for 7 days
Fig. 3 Compressive strength comparison for 14 days
Fig. 4 Compressive strength comparison for 28 days
Fig. 5 Compressive strength of 84 days’ strength (sea water curing)
Fig. 6 Flexural strength for 28 days
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 11 Issue: 06 | Jun 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
CONCLUSIONS
Figures 2,3 and 4 represents compressive strength of concrete cubes at various percentages of replacements. Laterite was utilized as an alternate material for natural coarseaggregateandnaturalriversand.
Laterite waste materials obtained from the construction industry is adopted as coarse as well as fine aggregates separately.Evendurabilityaspectwasanalysedbysoaking theconcretecubesamplesinaseawatercuringfor84days’ duration.
5%,10%,15%and20%variationswereconsideredforthe replacementofnaturalaggregates.
Fromtheobtainedresults,itisanevidentthat,Lateriteasa coarse aggregate up to 15% of replacement can be done against natural aggregate without compromising strength parameter. Further, up to 10% of Laterite fines can be replacedwithnaturalfineaggregates.
Inthisresearchwork,durabilityaspectwasalsoanalyzedby soakingthecubesamplesinseawaterfor84days,asresults the15%replacementascoarseand10%replacementasfine aggregatesprovidessatisfactoryresults.
Forthesimilarproportionsofreplacement,thereisagood resultforflexuralstrengthparameter.
By proper utilization of Laterite as an additive environmentalbenefitcanbeincorporated.
Figure5showsthetestresultsofcubesamplesimmersedin seawaterfor84daysandtheoptimumpercentagesof10to 15%replacementscanbedoneeffectivelywithouteffecting strengthparameters.
Also,Figure6representstheflexuralstrengthparameterat 28days’durationofbeamsamples.
Henceconclusioncanbedrawnbasedonthetestresultsto utilizetheLateriteascoarseandfineaggregateduringthe constructionofrigidpavements.
REFERENCES
[1] EttuL.O,“TheSuitabilityofUsingLateriteasSoleFine AggregateinStructuralConcrete”,InternationalJournal ofScientific&EngineeringResearch(2013)Volume4, Issue5,May-2013ISSN2229-5518
[2] Mali A,” Experimental Investigation on Partial Replacement of Laterite as Fine Aggregate in M20 Concrete”,InternationalJournalofResearchPublication and Reviews. Vol 3, no 12, pp 2304-2308, December 2022
[3] GarbaI,“EffectsofLateriteOnStrengthandDurabilityof Reinforced Concrete as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate”,FudmaJournalofSciences(2024),Vol.8No. 1,February,2024,pp201–207
[4] ZaheerM,“InvestigationOntheUtilizationofLateriteas ReplacementofFineAggregatetoDevelopEcofriendly Concrete”,InternationalResearchJournalofEngineering andTechnology(2022)
[5] MSShetty,‘ConcreteTechnology:TheoryandPractice” SChandPublishing
[6] IS 10262 – 2019 “Concrete Mix Proportioning Guidelines.