IoT-Driven Livestock Health Monitoring: A Sensor-Based Software by IRJET Journal

IoT-Driven Livestock Health Monitoring: A Sensor-Based Software

Sathyajeeth Patil1 , Nachiketh A R1 , Aytha Navaneeth Krishna1 , N Shantha Kumar2

1Undergraduate- CSE-SE FET, Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Bangalore-562112

2Associate Professor Department of CSE FET, Jain (Deemed-to-be University) Bangalore-562112

Abstract - Efficient farm management relies on proactive livestock health monitoring, a challenge unmet by traditional methods. This research aims to overcome these limitations by developing a state-of-the-art device integrated with a versatile mobile application, revolutionizing livestock health management. The device employs cutting-edge sensors to continuously monitor vital parameters such as GPS location, environmental temperature, and other environmental conditions. The mobile application swiftly detects signs of stress, illness, or discomfort, enabling early intervention. Additionally, our system features an e-commerce component, facilitating convenient purchases of livestock-related products. This data-driven approach empowers farmers with actionable insights, promoting sustainable agriculture. The project’s goal is to ensure the welfare of both livestock and their caretakers. Through the fusion of IoT, sensor technology, and mobile applications, we envision a transformative solution that enhances farm productivity and overall livestock well-being. Integrating advanced technologies positions our system at the forefront of modern agriculture, addressing critical challenges and fostering an efficient and sustainable farming ecosystem.

Key Words: Livestock,farm,health,sensor,androidapplication,e-commerce

1.INTRODUCTION

Oneofthemaincomponentsofacomplicatedpuzzlerequiredforeffectivefarmmanagementisthehealthoflivestock.The paper [18] proposes the integration of livestock farming with agriculture as a mutually beneficial system to enhance agriculturalproductivity,ensurefoodsecurity,andimproveeconomicopportunities.Thelivestocksectoraccountsfor4.9%of India'sGDPandcontributesnearly28.4%totheagriculturalGDP[7].However,thecurrentsituationexposesaharshtruth: traditionalmethodsoftenfailtodetectstress,sicknesses,andnutritionalimbalancesincattleintheirearlystages.Thisleadsto untreatedhealthissuesthataffecttheanimals'well-beingandproductivityinthefarmingecosystem.Toovercomethese obstacles,wefocusedondevelopingacutting-edgedeviceforoverseeingcattlehealth,integratedwithamobileapplicationthat isbothversatileandsophisticated.

Ourproject'scentralideaistodevelopaninnovativelivestockhealthmanagementsystemthatemployssensortechnologyto constantlytrackvitalparameters.Thisgeneratesanabundanceofreal-timedataandincludes environmenttemperature, humidity,location,andotherambientparameters.Asananalyticalengine,thecompanionmobileapplicationswiftlyanalyses thisdata toidentifyindicationsof disease, stress,or discomfort inanimals,enablingtimelyinterventions.Ourintegrated solution intends to empower farmers with a proactive and data-driven technique, guiding agriculture toward a more sustainablefuturebyovercomingthegapsthatexistintraditionalpractices.

Technologycomingincontactwithagriculturehasoftenresultedinaconspicuousvoidbecausetherehasneverbeenasingle platform that does well on data collection, analysis, and any direct interventions within a period. This anomaly becomes evidentespeciallywhene-commercefeaturesarecombinedwithanimalhealthmonitoring.Insufficiencyofsuchintegration wouldmakeithardforfarmerstomanagetheirherdappropriately,thusputtinginjeopardytheirlivestock’sabilitytoensure productivityandwelfare.Therefore,weaimtosolvethismarketgapbyprovidinganall-in-onetechnology-drivensolution involvingup-to-datetoolsforlivestockhealthmonitoringandfunctioninge-commercecomponents.Itwillbeaninnovative combinationthatwillrevolutionizefarmingpracticeswhileensuringsustainability,increasedcattlewellness,andcommunity livelihoodsthatrelyonthem.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

LiwuPan,MingzheXu,LeiXiandYudongHao[16]intheirresearchpaper"ResearchofLivestockFarmingIoTSystem.Basedon RESTfulWebServices"publishedbyIEEE2006,proposedapracticalframeworkforconstructinganintelligentlivestockfarming IoTsystemusingRESTful webservicetechnology.Inthispaper,IoTapplicationsinagriculturehavebeenemphasized,for example,remotemonitoringsystemsthatcatertopoultryhousingenvironmentsinabidtoimproveefficiencywhilereducing cost.

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In"DairyFarmHouseMonitoringbasedonIoTTechnology"[5]byTKrishnakaarthik,MAbiramiSundari,RAjeeth,KNandhini, publishedinIJERT,theauthorsproposea DairyFarmHouseMonitoringplatformutilizingIoTdata techniques.Thestudy identifiestheinnovativeprospectsofIoTimplementationindairyfarmingwhilstdiscussingpracticalconsiderationswhich hindermostfarmersfromadoptingitasaresultofeconomicrestrictions.

In"IoTTechnologiesforLivestockManagement:AReviewofPresentStatus,Opportunities,andFutureTrends"[11]byBernard IjesunorAkhigbe,KamranMunir,OlugbengaAkinad,publishedbyMDPI,theauthorsemploythesystematicliteraturesurvey (SLS)methodology,specificallyPRISMA,toexploretheroleofIoTtechnologiesinLivestockManagement(LsM).Inadditionto examiningexistingliterature,thispaperhighlightsseldom-discussedbarrierstoadoptingIoTinLSMs.

Intheirpapertitled"Industry4.0andPrecisionLivestockFarming(PLF):AnUp-to-DateOverviewacrossAnimalProductions" [23]bySarahMorrone,CorradoDimauro,andFilippoGambella,publishedbyMDPI,theauthorsembarkonacomprehensive reviewtodelineatethecontemporarylandscapeofIndustry4.0withinagriculture,specificallyfocusingonPrecisionLivestock Farming(PLF).ThisreviewtouchesonthebasicprinciplesofcontemporaryagriculturalsystemsandoutlineshowIndustry4.0 technologiescanbeappliedinvariousanimalproductionsystemsandprocesses.

Intheirpapertitled'Advancementsinsensortechnologyanddecisionsupportintelligenttoolstoassistsmartlivestockfarming,' [2]LuisO.Tedeschi,PaulL.Greenwood,andIlanHalachmiemphasizedthebenefitsofprecisionlivestockfarming(PLF)on variousaspectsoflivestockproduction,suchashealthmonitoring,behaviorobservation,andfeedintakemanagement.The incorporationoftechnologyincludingsensors,camerasandartificialintelligence(AI)hassignificantlyimprovedcattle-rearing efficiency.

T. Vigneswari, N. Kalaiselvi, K. Mathumitha, Amara Niveditha, and Adhithi Sowmiya's work, [25] "Smart IoT Cloud-Based LivestockMonitoringSystem:ASurvey,"exploresaprojectthatrevolvesaroundlivestockmonitoring.Oneimportantaspectof theprojectisthatitencompassessensortechnologiesfortrackingcows’whereaboutsandhealthstatus.Thereareseveraltypes of sensors used; they include those that detect movements, heart rate or temperature changes among others for instance regardingcows.

JianhuaZhang,FantaoKong,ZhifenZhai,ShuqingHan,JianzhaiWu,andMengshuaiZhu'spaper,[12]“DesigningandDeveloping anIOTMonitoringSystemforOpenLivestockEnvironment”underscoresthesignificanceofIOTtechnologyinlivestockfarming contextandprovidescriticaltechnologicalsupporttowardsmodernmanagementpractices.Theauthorsexplainhowthey developedawireless16-channelmonitoringsystemutilizingIOTtechnologyspecificallydesignedforopenfieldmonitoringat farmsmadesuitableforcattlerearingaswellaspoultrybreedingconditions.

Seng-KyounJoDae-HeonParkHyeonParkSe-HanKimintheirpaper“FeasibilityStudyonSmartLivestockFarmsUtilizing DigitalTwin”[24]suggestthatdigitaltwintechnologyisapotentialsolutiontomakelivestockfarmingmoreefficientandsafer, includingmanaginganoutbreakofdiseasesandaddressinganimalwelfare.

MuhammadShoaibFarooqAdnanAbid,Osamaomarsohail,AndSaimRasheed'sarticletitled“AsurveyontheroleofIoTin agriculturefortheimplementationofsmartlivestockenvironment”[19]aimsatofferinganall-inclusivesurveyonhowIoThas influencedtheindustrybygroupingandsummarizingexistingstudies.IthighlightsIoTnetworkinfrastructure,topologies, platforms,communicationprotocolsandconnectionsusedinlivestockmanagement.

ThepaperofS.M.RiazulIslam,DaehanKwak,Md.HumaunKabir,MahmudHossain,AndKyung-SupKwakentitled“TheInternet ofThingsforHealthCare:AComprehensiveSurvey”[22]arrangescurrentinvestigationsconcerninghealthcarenetworksbased uponIoTandgivesanoverviewofhealthcareservicesbasedonIoT;itpinsdownsomeindustrialeffortstowardsdevelopingand adoptingIOT-complianthealthcareproducts;securitythreats,aswellasprivacyissues,arealsodiscussedthere.

Intheirarticletitled[8]“WirelessSensorNetworksforhealthcare:ASurvey”,HandeAlemdarandCemErsoyarguethatwireless sensornetwork(WSN)technologiesshouldbeemployedtoprovidebettercaretoelderlypeople,children,orthosewhosuffer fromchronicdiseasesthusenablingremotemonitoring;immediateidentificationoflife-threateningsituations;inexpensiveness aswellascontext-awareapplicationsamongothers.Thispaperalsoexaminessomedesignconsiderationsalongwithpresenting afewstate-of-the-artexamples/proposalsthataddresssuchchallengesasunobtrusivenessscalabilityenergyefficiencysecurity infuturehealthcareapplications.

ThepaperbyBinZhou,ChaoHu,HaiBinWangandRuiwenGuoentitled“Apervasivemedicalsupervisionsystembasedon wirelesssensornetworks”[4]impliestheuseofwirelesssensornetworks(WSNs)forpervasivehealthcarethatenablerealtimenon-intrusivemedicalmonitoringofpatients.

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Thepaper“FieldTestingofIoTDevicesforLivestockMonitoringusingWirelessSensorNetwork,NearFieldCommunication,and WirelessPowerTransfer”[15]presentsaNearFieldCommunication(NFC)-basedWSNlivestockhealthmonitoringsystemwith temperaturesensingasoneofthekeyparameters.Additionally,ithighlightspowermanagementstrategiesthatcanbeusedto improvethebatterylifespaninthemonitoringsystem.

A paper titled [20] “An Environmental Air Pollution Monitoring System Based on the IEEE 1451 Standard for Low-Cost Requirements”discussesanEnvironmentalAirPollutionMonitoringSystem(EAPMS),whichisasemiconductorgassensorsbasedimplementationofsmarttransducerinterfacescompliantwiththeIEEE1451standardthusprovidingacompactlow-cost waytodetectandmeasuremajorairpollutantgases.

Thispaper[26]“FeasibilityStudyonAmbientRFEnergyHarvestingforWirelessSensorNetwork”byTeckBengLim,NgaiMeng LeeandBoonKiatPohexaminesambientRFenergyharvestingaswellasinvestigatesitsintegrationwithwirelesspower transfertowardssupplyingenergytolow-powerdevicessuchasthatincaseofwirelesssensornetworks.DespitelowRFpower densitychallengesmentionedduringthisresearchthesefindingsalsosuggestenergymaynotbegenerateddirectlyenoughbut canbestoredthroughoutotherperiods,thereforemakingRFenergyharvestinganoptioncarefullyworthconsidering.

Intheirreporttitled“AZigbee-BasedAnimalHealthMonitoringSystem”A.KumarandG.P.Hancke[1],adevelopingAnimal HealthMonitoringSystem(AHMS)thatmonitorsphysiologicaltrendslikeruminationtimeoranyotherrelatedinformationis being presented; hence authors employed Zigbee devices and PIC18F4550 microcontrollers through IEEE802.15.4 and IEEE1451.2standardsinthesystem.

Khalid El Moutaouakil, Brahim Jabir, Noureddine Falih in their paper [14] “Digital Farming: A Survey on IoTbased Cattle MonitoringSystemsandDashboards”statedthatIoT-basedcattlemonitoringsystemsenableremotehealthtracking,disease prediction,andlocationmonitoringusingadvancedsensors,aidinginlivestockmanagementandpreventionoftheft.

Thepaper[10]proposesanIoT-basedanimalhealthmonitoringsystemusingRaspberryPitomonitorparameterslikebody temperature,heartrate,andruminationpattern.Thisarticle[17],aframeworkincorporatingInternetofThingstechnologyand utilizingBlockchaintechnologytocreateaSmartLivestockFarmingsystem(IoT-BC-SLF),allowingforatransparentandsafe exchangebetweenfarmers.

Inthispaper[9],theauthorsexploredthewaysinwhichIoTcanbeimplementedinlivestockfarming,includingtheuseof sensor technology and automation, and also discussed the challenges that must be overcome in order to fully realize the potentialofIoTinthelivestockfarmingindustry.

Thepaper[13],anIoTecosystem-basedarchitectureofasmartlivestockfarmthataimstohelpfarmersimprovetheirfarm performancesavealotofwaste,andpreventeconomiclossesispresented.TheIoTecosystem-basedarchitecturecontinuously monitorslivestockhealth,performance,reproduction,feed,milking,andbehavior,leadingtoimprovedfarmperformanceand productivity.

3. PROPOSED METHOD

WehavedevelopedourIoT-basedprojecttocompletelytransformhowfarmersdealwiththeiranimals’health.Thiscuttingedgeappsurpassesconventionalmethods,givingadetailedsolutionthatcombinessophisticatedsensingtechnologyutilizing anadaptivemobileuserinterface.Thegoalistoprovidefarmerswithareal-timeunderstandingofprimaryspecificationssuch ashumidity,temperature,location,andotherenvironmentalfactorsthatcandetectstress,illness,orpaininanimalsearly enough.

Makingcertain,thetooloperatesproperlywhensafelysecuredontoacoworbull,usersactivatethedeviceaswellasdevelopa linkwiththeAndroidapplicationviaBluetooth.Incaseofanydeviationsfromnormalvalues,theappgivesanimmediatealert notifyingthepersoninvolvedaboutpossiblefutureconcerns.Moreover,theprogramgoesfurtherbyprovidingsuggestions thusimprovinghowfastanindividualrespondstodiscrepancies.

Firebaseservesasourdatabasesystemenablingeffectivedatamanagementproceduresforourproject.Itisasecurecloudbased scalable framework that ensures long lasting storage and access to huge amounts of information generated by temperaturesensorsandotheractivity-sensingdevices.Italsoenablesdatacollection,real-timemonitoring,andcontrolfor variousapplications,emphasizingflexibility,easeofdevelopment,andsecurityaspectsencounteredduringtheseprocesses [28].

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Additionally,thee-commerceapplicationwithintheprojectenhancestheanimalhealthmonitoringcareaspect.Theplatform enablespeopletoselllivestockamongthemselvesmakingitanactivemarketplace.Ininstancesofdiscrepanciesinanimal healthandwellness,theapplicationnotonlysuppliespossibleservicesbutalsoguidesindividualstocertainitemsofferedinecommerce,makingasmoothandintegratedapproachtoattendingtotheproblems.

Thepaper[27]showsthatthemajorityoffarmersareIlliterate(28.7%)followedbyPrimarySchool,MiddleSchool&High Schoolallare(51.4%)orHighSecondary(10.7%)andgraduatedare(5.3%)postgraduate(4%).Withavarietyofusersin mind,theappintegrateslanguagefeatures.Languageswitchingisenabledforconvenienceandaccessibilitypractices.This simplelanguagechangemakesitpossibleforclientswhohavedifficultiesconnectingwiththeapplicationduetotheirnative languages,makingsurethateveryonefeelsincluded.

Thiscomprehensivesystemultimatelyempowerspeoplewithreal-timeknowledgeofanimalhealthwhileatthesametime providinganintuitiveshoppingplatformtoaccessrelateditemsbyreducinglivestockfarmers’costsonanimalhealthcare.The languageoptionalsoenhancescustomerexperiencethusmakingtheentiresystemusabletodifferenttypesofaudiencesbased ontheirabilitiesandpreferences.Asaresult,ourproject’smultifacetedapproachunderscoresitsbeinghuman-centeredand promoteseffectivecaretakingthroughalternativesolutions.

Fig -1:DeviceCircuitDiagram(Thediagramshowstheconnectionbetweenthe ESP32microcontroller,GPSModule,TemperatureandHumiditySensor, Battery,andPowerSupplyModule)

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4. IMPLEMENTATION

Theexecutionofaninnovativesolutionincludesameticulouslyorchestratedprocedurethatflawlesslyintegrateshardware andsoftwareapplicationparts.AtthecoreofthissystemistheuseofanESP32Microcontroller, whichinterfaceswitha selection of sensors for getting important information. These sensing units are tactically positioned to find vital physical properties consisting of humidity, temperature level, and location, developing a structure for detailed animal wellness surveillance.

The second stage focuses on the software development coupled with the sensing unit. Arduino IDE functions as the programmingenvironmentfortheESP32Microcontroller,makingsuretheimplementationofreliablecode.NPMscriptsare created by making use of Node Package Manager to handle dependencies, while Firebase NPM collection promotes the deployment as well as communication with Firebase solutions. Concurrently, a vital element includes developing robust interactionbetweentheESP32Microcontrollerandallthesensors,makingsureofreal-timeinformationacquisition.Accuracy isvital,andwiththoroughcoding,itisassuredthatwereceiveexactreadingsfromthesensors.

Comingtothemobileapplicationgrowth,AndroidStudioisutilizedtoproduceacross-platformapplication.AndroidStudiois crucialindevelopingAndroidapplications,asiteasestheinterfaceforappcreation,filemanagement,andaccesstotheAndroid SDK[3].ThisapplicationworksasacustomerinterfaceanddevelopsaBluetoothlinkwiththeequipment.Theinterfaceis diligently made utilizing Android Studio, where essential details such as humidity, temperature level, and location are represented smoothly. An added function consists of a language component within the UI, improving accessibility for customerswhofavorvariouslanguages.

Detectingthereal-timeanomalyisthefourth importantphasethatinvolvesalgorithms identifyingdeviationsfromusual values.Anotificationsystemexiststopromptlynotifyusersaboutanyabnormalitiestherebygivingthemvaluableinsightsinto possibleissues.Inaddition,anelementthatprovidessolutionshasbeenembeddedwithintheapplicationtoassistpeoplesolve real-timediagnosticproblems.TheuseofFirebaseFirestoreasthedatabasesystemguaranteesreliableinformationtracking andofferssecurestoragespacewithaccesstodataonanimalhealthandotheraspectsaswell.

The final stage includes cloud-based deployment, e-commerce integration, multilingual assistance, and overall system communication.Atthesametime,Gitactsastheversioncontroltool,takingcareofthecodebaseonGitHub.Gitisaversion control system that serves as a backup, maintains file history, and integrates with CI systems for automated testing and deployment,asoutlinedinthepaper[21].Inconclusion,theimplementationofourIoT-DrivenLivestockHealthMonitoring

Fig -2:ArchitectureDiagram

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solutionshowcasesacomprehensiveandinnovativeapproachtorevolutionizingthemanagementofanimalwell-being.The mergingofESP32,AndroidStudio,Firebase,aswellasGit,specifiesthetechnicalfoundationofthisadvancedeffort.

-3:RegistrationPageoftheapplication, wheretheusercanregisteranewaccount.

Fig

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theiraccount.

Fig -4:LoginPageoftheapplication, wheretheuser canloginto

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Fig -5:DashboardPageoftheapplication,eitherconnect totheIoTdeviceorshopanythingrelatedtolivestock.

5. CONCLUSIONS

Fig -6:ThisPageoftheapplicationdisplaysthe temperature,humidity,andlocationby connectingtothedevice

Ourprojectrepresentsamajorstepintheworldofmodernfarmingtechniques.Itunitesadvancedsensortechnologyand flexiblemobileapplicationstoaddressthelimitationsoftraditionaltechniquesand providesalternativeremediesforthe efficient management of livestock. Integrating temperature with various sensors makes it possible to track important parametersconstantly,whichfacilitatesfarmers'understandingofreal-timelivestockwell-being.Thisproactiveapproach allows early discovery of possible health issues, promoting a responsive and informed farming atmosphere. The project becomesmoreeffectivewithacombinationofESP32andFirebasetechnologies.

TheuseofESP32,reducescost,asitisalow-powersystem-on-chipmicrocontroller,andhelpsdevelopIoTprototypeshasslefree [6]. With its flexibility, ESP32 can easily connect diverse sensor devices to ensure accurate and instantaneous data acquisition.Ontheotherhand,Firebaseactsasapowerfulcloud-baseddatabasesystemtoguaranteesecureandscalable storagespaceforlargeamountsofinformationproducedbythesystem.Therefore,itisnotonlytechnicalsymbiosisthat enhancesthereliabilityofthelivestockdiseasepreventiontoolbutalsosimplifiestheprocessofdatamonitoringstrengthening theoverallefficiencyoftheentiresystem.

Accessing vital information becomes easy through offering a user-friendly interface supported by a smooth Bluetooth connectionbywhichthisprojectmakeseverybodyusingsimplesystemscapableofimprovingtheirownlives.Combiningsuch

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accesswithinnovativecapacitiesinherentinthisapproachdefinesitasareasonableandeffectivewaytoincreasefarmyields whilemaintainingsustainabilityintheagriculturesector.Insummary,thelivestockhealthmanagementprojectsignifiesanew eraheraldedbycreativeintegrationbetweentechnologyandagriculturewhereanimalwelfareisguaranteedatallcosts.

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Volume: 11 Issue: 09 | Sep 2024 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072

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