IRWIN CHAN YEAR 02 PORTFOLIO 2014-2015
1
INTRODUCTION year 02 | point of entry
Given the allocation of Levenshulme as our point of direction, we were to investigate the area in its own context and its relationship to Manchester. Exploring cultures and background, we are to survey the area and explore the function of Levenshulme, looking at its history and referring back to the changes that have occurred. Presented with 6 sites spread amongst different areas of Levenshulme, we were to analyse the space and its potential, and how the sites can be maintained to improve the standards andW lifestyles within this culturally rich suburb. The sites included a car park space, sports centre, library, church, car wash, and an old railway station. Each of these sites had its own restrictions and properties, the objective being that we break each of them down and analyse the capabilities within the spaces.
2
LEVENSHULME UNITED KINGDOM
Levenshulme is an area within Manchester 4 miles south of the city centre. It is predominantly residential with a vast range of fast food and antique shops. It has a multi-cultural and multiethnic population, creating a diversity in languages and beliefs. Working with this area, I had to analyse the effect it has on Manchester as a city, and the reason behind the arrival of minorities from different ethnic backgrounds. Levenshulme is an area that provides relatively affordable accommodation whilst being considerably close to the city centre, being a favourable place for migrants coming to find work and improved standards of living. There has always been a discussion on Levenshulme’s rapid decline from being a wealthy, middle class neighbourhood to a low class surburb, where there are evidently rooms for improvements in every aspect. Looking at all 6 sites provided for us this year, I looked at each site and their relationship to the community and surrounding context, and how I could rejuvenate these sites and improve standards for the community of Levenshulme.
53.4470° N 2.1870° W
3
4
2.1.1 TRANSLATE spacial recognition and landscaping
5
ARCADIA SITE 1 green space & recreational centre
A site with a strong relationship to Levenshulme’s recreational past, it offers plentiful open green space for the public. This site constitutes to a wide range of possibilities, one main area to look at is the existing sports facility in the corner. Being home to Manchester’s Roller Hockey Club, it marks a significant piece of heritage to the community. This site requires a design that promotes and reinvigorates the sport of roller hockey, allowing the public to engage in social activity. I have chosen this site mainly for its location being in the centre of Levenshulme, being easily accessible pays an important role in the identity of the area. It being a home to a historic sport, it would be a shame to see it being forgotten and abaondoned. With the large area of green space, it has the potential to transform into an attractive location for activities and remembrance.
6
Diagramming Existing Plans
Inherit Space
Rectangular Grid Given three random plans, I had the decision to choose which plan I wanted to bring forward into the project. With the analysis from all six sites that we visited, I came to the conclusion to choose this plan. It incorporates multiple layers, most likely an exhibition space that had been built over an existing building site. The clear separation between the walls and the columns suggest that the original building might have been very old and needed reinforcements. This plan fits well into my site choice, being a site that has been built open but needs further development to rejuvenate its honour.
Square Grid
GRIDDED SYSTEM
Geometries
DISCONTINUATION
Circulation Space Entry/Meeting Area Exhibition & Gallery Space
ZONAL DISTRIBUTION
GRID ORDER 7
site analysis & spacial organisation Arcadia sports centre site 1
This site brings the idea of action and movement. The large open space creates an area for physical activity. It formerly hosted rare sports such as roller hockey, roller derby, and gaelic football.
Flat and unused green space
The yew tree is a central element of the site. With the idea of an urban maze, the tree can almost imitate a sense of freedom, hence could be used as an exit to the maze.
By implementing the plan and palcing it into the site, we can see the similarity in the shape and size of both these elements combined. Fittingly, space on this site is mainly open and green, making it ideal for an urban park or essentially an urban maze.
Site Boundaries Arcadia Sports Centre
8
arcadia site overview
Site Boundaries
Arcadia Sports Centre
Road/Carpark
Demolished Site
Green Space
Baricades/Green Space
9
JEJU-DO SOUTH KOREA
33.5365째 N 126.7721째 E
10
KIMNYOUNG MAZE PARK by Adrian Fisher
Located in Kimnyeoung-ri. Gujwa-eup, Jeju City, lives the urban maze park of Kimnyoung. Providing several types of mazes, most notably its hedge mazes that catch the attention of all ages.
11
overview The park coincides with different levels of difficulty. A family version gives players a fun and quick experience, whereas there are other mazes for enthusiasts, cosisting of a “Dol hareubang’ shaped maze, a spiral maze and a more complex labyrinthine maze.
multiple entry and exit points
Objective point
4m high walls - confined atmosphere
Elevated walkway for aerial views of the maze 12
VILLA PISANI LABIRINTO VENICE, ITALY
The maze at Villa Pisani provides a historic piece of maze landscaping, consisting of 3-4 metre high hedges. The objective is to reach the central stone tower, where a viewing platform allows panoramic views of the maze and its landscapes. I especially like the consistency, it appears to blend well with the surrounding context. It is an example of a maze that is standard in its height, but is a lot less intimidating.
45.4078째 N 12.0131째 E
13
MIRROR MAZE AT GLACIER GARDEN LUCERNE, SWITZERLAND
SImilar to many mirror mazes around the world, it portrays a distorted reality upon walking within the secluded pathways. These mazes create interesting paths that are seemingly walkable, but are just endless reflections repeating on and on. It gives visitors a sense of excitement as well as confusion. These mirrors are triangulated, providing 3 mirror reflections that are placed in random fashion for a continuous distorted reality.
47.0588째 N 8.3102째 E
14
initial proposal // MAZE PARK SITE 1 - JOURNEY TO ARCADIA The aim of this urban park is to give people a fun and challenging virtual puzzle. A series of “phases” are set up and participants are required to find their way to the next zonal door, in which a new challenge awaits. At the end, an open space acquired with tents provide people with a place to relax and discuss their experience in the park.
The Arcadia Sports complex will remain untouched, and will be served as an exhibitory space for art, aimed at the theme of “Arcadia”, an imaginary (or real) place offering peace and simplicity, almost like a Utopia. People will also have the choice to rollerskate their way through the exhibition, as in remembrance of the Arcadia Sports Centre being home to roller hockey and roller derby, sports that are going into extinction.
Phase 05 Exhibitory Space
Phase 02 Labyrinthine Puzzle Finish // Phase 04 Relaxation Shelter
Site Boundaries
Zonal Entry Points
Arcadia Sports Complex
Sheltered Areas
Entrance // Phase 01 Columnar Grid Puzzle
Phase 03 Tile Puzzle
15
Arcadia Site 1 // Existing site plan
Site Boundary
Demolished Site
Barriers 16
Initial plan Using the ideas from the precedent studies, I created an all-in-one park that consisted of most of the maze elements that I have researched. Upon completion of my design, I have realised that there is not much leftover green space, where the site has just been filled without any further thought. Looking at the plan, I have decided that some elements could be taken away, giving the site its identity back. The prism maze appears to be very distracting, taking up a lot of space. This could be resolved by removing half of the components, opening up the spaces to walk through. The seating is somewhat unnecessary, as the green space provides natural seating for the public. In retrospect, the overlook to the earlier stages of the maze from the tower is no essential, as this space could be a resting point instead of another maze. This could cause confusion, hence I have decided to remove it and keep it as a green space.
Through the ADD skill sessions, I have learnt how to crop images without doing them manually with the polygonal lasso tool. This made me a lot more efficient when I needed to render my drawings. The introduction of the dodge and burn tools were immensely helpful in creating tones and dimensional hierarchy in my work. I was able to create shadows easily with the tool.
17
maze park plan
Site Boundary
Car Park
Arcadia Sports Complex
Hedge Maze
Tile Maze
Prism Mirror Maze 18
Front View (South to North)
PERSPECTIVES From Stockport Road
arcadia maze park
From the ADD skills session, I learnt the basics on how to 3D model on sketch up. Applying simple textures, I was able to get the general feel of materiality within the site. However, the materials on sketch up were tiled and not of the best quality, hence it needed to go into photoshop for texture implication. The use of layers and components saved a lot of precious time, where I could extract and move specific elements without interfering with other components.
From Railway
Reverse Views 19
20
2.1.2 CREATIVE CONSTRUCTS structural understanding & modelmaking
21
Cantilever investigation Themed Maquettes
Cantilevers allow the creation of elegant and dynamic structures. Being unsupported throughout the spans, the structure lends itself as being part of the environment, not interfering with the space surrounding it. It is an innovative method of applying forces at one end of the structure, instead of having the traditional columnar elements in most buildings.
Modernism Cubism x Futurism
Cultural Context (Britain) Football Skill // The Rainbow Flick
Body As a Natural Phenomenon Athletics / Hurdling
22
Rainbow Flick Juggling
FOOTBALL CULTURE
Scorpion Kick
acrobatic skill and finesse Overhead Kick (in Motion) Football is seen as a culture in England, especially in Manchester. The aesthetics of movement in football are very similar to cantilevering elements, derived from the power generated from balance and drive. These skills moves in particular represent this movement, where the body is extended and balanced. The generation of power to strike the ball comes from the angle and elevation, as well as momentum and speed.
Overhead Kick (Standing Motion)
The decision between choosing the football cantilever over the hurdling cantilever was difficult. I have chosen to do the football cantilever due to its simplicity and elegancy. My cantilever maquette for the hurdling precedent was not well thought, there was a potential that it could be an interesting element to construct. The technique and momentum shown in the sport replies on thrust and glide, which are evident examples of cantilevering elements applied in the real world.
Rabona
Volley Kick
Design Stage // Ball Movement
23
DEVELOPMENT cantilever construction & modelling
24
METAL WORK | PLASTER CAST With the use of metal as my cantilevering element, I had to make choices on what materials I needed to use to reinforce the span for the weight distributed. Concrete was an obvious choice, however it would take a long period of time to dry and will require multiple repetitions of the process in casting. With this in mind, I opted to use a faster method with plaster, which I then painted over with grey to imitate the concrete texture. Due to the expansion of heat during the process of the cast setting, I had to produce 5 of the same moulds out of MDF, and at times I had to make more due to failed attempts. The idea behind the cantilever is a mechanical centrepiece that rotates the 7-8 blades across the cast, having the ability to be in different positions. The difficulty in creating the mould was to leave enough space for the rods to go through the hole in the centre, which required several attempts to perfect.
25
CANTILEVER PLAN Initiated from a famous footballing skill move, this cantilever imitates the shape of a semi-circular flick, opening out and spanning from back to front. The interesting function of this structure is its versatility, being able to change orientations and positioning of the “blades”, which form the general ‘rainbow’ movement. Containing 7-8 blades, they are controlled by two bolts locking them in different positions. This allows the frame to be easily interchangeable, giving the viewer a different perspective. In addition, the blades can be taken out if not required.
Single Cantilever
Connection
26
CANTILEVER MODEL WITH CONNECTION
Imitating an extended fan, the cantilever produces an elegant yet well structured appearance, joint with a simple mechanism consiting of a bolt and two knots. The thin appearance of the aluminium blades reflects upon the light weight movement of a rainbow flick, a very difficult but elegant skill move. The heavy foundation, cast from plaster, creates the balance on the cantilever.
The connection, simply created with two bolts, slot into the already made holes through the plaster foundation. These are accompanied by a few knots, creating a decorative and mechnical appearance to the entire structure.
27
CANTILEVER MODEL
28
29
POST & BEAM SHIMUKAPPU JAPAN
42.9797째 N 142.3983째 E 30
POST & BEAM AXONOMETRIC I-Beams
Hoshino Resort Tomamu Walkways
I-beams are structurally strong and can withstand a lot of stress. Welded together from steel, the post & beam provides a framework for the walkway, supporting the glazing going across from beam to beam.
Shimukappu, Hokkaido Prefecture
Diagonal Panels Bolted Knots and bolts are used to connect the two I-beams p erpendicularly. This provides stability and support.
Thin steel sheets are installed on the ends of the horizontal I beam, connected to the bottom of the post. It further gives the structure stability.
Orthographic Projection
31
POST & BEAM MODEL Due to constraints on materials, constructing the post & beam detail would be very difficult with the use of iron. As I-beams do not come in such scales (1:2), I had to compensate and use MDF to construct it. This process was a lot quicker and cost effective. Knots and bolts were fitted to reinforce the horizontal beam, lastly the model was sprayed in metalic silver spray paint with some added painted textures.
32
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION HELSINKI FINLAND
60.1729째 N 24.9251째 E
33
HEAVY CONSTRUCTION AXONOMETRIC Temppeliaukio Church Boulders/Rocks
Helsinki, Finland
Large boulders (rocks) placed atop the bedrock wall, acting as a further extension for the church. The boulders are potentially above ground, as of which the bedrock is underground. The boulders are placed adjacent to each other, fitting together similar to a jigsaw. Some drape off the faces of the wall, filling the empty holes caused by the natural formation of bedrock over millions of years.
Interlocking Boulders Boulders are placed without any means of connections, just with careful and precise placement, which locks them in place. Gaps are left between the boulders, but do not affect the overall performance.
Artificial/Natural Bedrock Bedrock used as the main surface, orangey brown colour with an uneven surface. The shape is irregular, imitating the natural formation of bedrock. Since the design of the church was meant to be in a circular dome shape, the bedrock had to be altered and produced artificially for the affect imagined by the architect.
Orthographic Projection
Bedrock has rough and rigid qualities, making it an ideal material for a dome structure. The rugged and almost wasted look gives the church a unique and special feeling, and is also a very good example of natural materiality being used in context.
34
TEST MODEL Using materials such as cardboard and scrap paper, I recreated a section of the wall from the church. The rocks are embedded into the bedrock surface, creating several different surfaces and textures. The black and orange texture is the most interesting element of the wall, and will be created using paints. Using my understanding of plaster from the cantilever model, I decided the wall itself will be made from plaster, casted within a mould with uneven surfaces. I used materials such as newspaper and foil to create uneven surfaces during the soldifying of the plaster. The rocks and stones will be imitated by little cubes of foam, sitting atop the wall after completion.
35
36
The textures created from the random placement of newspaper and foil created interesting textures. However, the surfaces were smoother than expected, which did not refer closely to my original intention. The mould could have been made with more textured materials, and could be painted with a darker tone of rustic orange and black.
37
2.1.1 INTEGRATION utilising structural models in context
38
STRUCTURAL UTILISATION With the integration of the structures produced by this stage of the project, we would be able to fully understand the functionality of structure as an element in design. My cantilevers inherit multiple possibilities in terms of utilising into an urban park. The blades could act as flat panels to provide seating, or could become steps that lead visitors to observation areas after completion of the maze. These are enforced by the mechanical aspect of my cantilevers, applying the fact that they are functional and can suspend people. These numerous sketches show the variety of ways the cantilevers could be arranged to form different landscaping mechanisms, which provides me with a flexibility in choice. With my heavy contruction walls, I have opted to use them as a transitional effect into my maze. As they finish the hedge mazes, people will enter a transitional zone of consisting of the walls, leading into the tile mazes. This creates an atmosphere and a zone seperation, directing people to the correct direction. WIth the post & beam, I have chosen to use them as seating, creating benches around the maze for people to rest. I have also created a cross shaped ‘tree’ bench that in corporates a stone tree as a beacon for guidance through the mazes.
39
CANTILEVER LIFT MECHANICAL LIFTS FOR PLATFORM ACCESS
WIth the implementation of my cantilevers to my urban park, I have opted to use them in a method of access to a different level within the park. The action at the pivot of the structure acts as a rotating lift that transports people from ground level to the viewing platform, where they can overlook the maze. This system runs on a single person basis, protected by glass barriers as they ascend onto the deck.
40
POST & BEAM BENCHES AND BEACON TREE
41
ILLUMINATE kiosk for refreshments
The outdoor room I have designed incorporates multiple purposes, but mainly serving as a kiosk selling refreshments for the public to relax upon finishing the mazes. I have used my heavy construction walls and my post & beams to create this structure, which serves as a structure that seemingly rises from the ground. The stone & rock at the top of the structure allows the diffusion of light especially during the night, where it becomes a light beacon for night enthusiasts. The large construction walls are panels that colllapse onto joints that connect onto the post & beam structure, creating a secluded and private area. These panels also create a light box effect to the surroundings during the night.
42
PLAN & SECTION
43
ARCADIA MAZE PARK reinvigorating community and sport
44
SOUTH SECTION The rain effect was a task from the ADD skills session on Photoshop, using the noise tools to imitate rain to create atmospheric renders.
45
DAY
46
NIGHT
47
LIGHTING self-sustaining light & electricity
Artificial lighting is required if the site were to be used during the night. The maze provides a different type of atmosphere during darkness, where it becomes a playground for enthusiasts. For such a big space, there would need to be a large installment of lights, which could be costly and would use up a lot of electricity. To make it as sustainable as possible, I have looked at strategies to generate electricity sustainably. Due to the confusing aspect of mazes, there is always a sense of re-routing involved. The steps taken within the maze are substantial, where it could pontentially be converted into usable electricty. For this case, I have looked at the implication of kinetic energy for electricity, and how it can generate the needed energy for lighting.
48
ENERGY GENERATION Kinetic Energy through Pressure Plates
Lit Spaces
Renewable sources are becoming increasingly popular due to the deteriorating supply of coal. Sources such as solar, wind or tidal energy are relatively expensive and non efficient. The idea of pressure plates that convert kinetic energy into electrical energy arose, applying the pressure from passersby and generating this energy into energy for lighting, charging and navigation. This technology is particularly useful in this scenario, where a maze is implied. Individuals are forced into wrong paths and will be utilising this space for walking, whereby this movement is beneficial in producing the lighting during darker periods of the day.
Lighting Energy storage and spread of underground cables Green - Open Red - Busy
The Technology Driven from an idea called “Pavegen�, panels/plates are placed on the ground, using the movement of people over them to generate energy for simple usages. This idea utlises space efficiently, and also becomes a hidden source of energy, not affecting the visual appearance of a building or a landscape. A combination of panels will be used, some from timber, and some of a translucent diffusing material that lights up at night.
In a grid system, the panels will be placed in conjunction with the wooden flooring in the maze. The slight pressure felt by these plates will carry the energy to a single point, known as energy storage point.
49
3D CONSTRUCTS 3D printed model of a connection detail
With the use of 3D software, I created a connection for my outdoor room in the previous project to reinforce the large panels. I played around with 3DS Max and created a 3D printable model for my room. It consists of the same cylindrical support I had in the outdoor room, but this time it is reinforced through a lattice structure that extends to the corners. This extended lattice joins onto the edge of the kiosk, sitting in place and giving the structure more stability.
50
51
52
2.2 LEVENSHULME LIFE urban synthetics
53
THE NOVEL a themed approach to 2.2
Our approach to the project was to analyse a novel or film of our choice, pulling out key themes and elements that could be evolve into interesting ideas for the project. I have chosen a book rich in the history of Hong Kong in the 20th century, called “Fragrant Harbour�, adapting to the understanding of personalities and emotions. Circling around three different protagonists from different background and nationalities, the novel looks in the evolution of Hong Kong through time, and how each of their storylines converge upon the progression of development.
54
HONG KONG “fragant harbour”
22.3964° N 114.1094° E
55
“FRAGRANT HARBOUR”
Transfer of sovereignty over Hoing Kong (Britain - China)
Japanese Occupation of Hong Kong
1941
1967 Leftist Riots
1985
1950
1997
1967 1935
2005
Chinese Civil War Communist Victory
Victorian style HSBC Building constructed
Kai Tak International Airport
New HSBC Building by Norman Foster built
56
REMNANTS OF TIME
57
“FRAGANT HARBOUR� Character Analysis of Personality
Characters The novel bases across 70 years of Hong Kong history, narrated by 3 different protoganists, from the 21st century to the times of collonial rule in 1935.
Unnamed Chinese Eenrepreneur
Dawn Stone
The characters within the story are driven through a series of events, in which develop into emotional/physical stress within the context of the novel. Whether it is the inability to be with an admirer, or the distress of being unemployed, all these link into the theme of stress.
Tom Stewart
58
SPA & MASSAGE tranquilise and de-stress
The novel offers multiple perspectives in the lives of the personas, living through times of war and communist rule. The one theme that coincides in the novel is stress, giving the tough times that each of the protagonists experience during storyline. Stress is a common element in the modern day society, being away and working constantly drives tiredness and depression. Stress relief can come in different forms, usually helping with relexation techniques in separating the body & mind. Spa & massages help relax and tranquilise the mind, and would be an ideal element in a busy metropolitan city like Manchester.
59
THE BODY & MIND
Champissage (Indian Head Massage) Champissage is a therapeutic massage that focuses on treatiing the patient through techniques on the head and on the surrounding areas. It uses gentle massage strokes to stimulate nerves, loosen up tight muscles, relax superficial tissues, and remove stress both emotionally and physically.
Acupuncture Acupuncture is a traditional Chinese practice of which the stimulation of specific acupuncture points along the skin of the body with thin needles are implied.
Thai Massage A standard thai massage incorporates the whole body, and requires the patient to be positioned in yoga-like positions during the course of the massage. A full thai massage lasts two hours or more, which includes rhythmic pressuring and stretching of the entire body, this may include pulling fingers, toes, ears, cracking the knuckles, walking on the recipient’s back, and manipulating the recipients body into many different positions.
Human Body Meridians De-qi Sensation The de-qi sensation refers to a sensation of numbness/distension at the needling site which radiates along the corresponding meridian. However, this requires precision placement of needles on the pressure points, or this may cause pain to the person. Acupuncture is used mainly for pain relief, but can also be used for many different discomforts.
Zen Spa/Massage Zen is a definition of letting go and simple being at peace. This type of treatment incorporates moments of stillness, long slow strokes and stretches to reconnect the body and mind. A Zen therapist focuses attention on a body spot until the tension goes away using breathing, gentle pressure and hot stones.
60
CAR WASH SITE 5 existing car wash and green space
This site acts as an entry into Levenshulme, paying a big part in providing the public with a first impression of what it has to offer. I have chosen this site ideally for its length and its positioning across from Crowcroft Park. The park sits individually within Levenshulme and is often underused by residents, hence being part my idea behind reinvigorating the importance of this park. The length of the site provides me with a flexibility of arrangements, majorly being the fiting of pools and spas for recreational purposes. The site enables symmetry to become involved, and my intention is to create a space and design that brings the site as a landmark entrance to Levenshulme.
53.4525째 N -2.1927째 W
61
LOCATION
62
EXTRACTION site analysis & contextual understanding
The uniqueness about this site lies in its location between Longsight and Levenshulme, where it is actually the only site that lies ‘outside’ of Levenshulme. This site therefore acts as a entrance to the area of Levenshulme, and can also be reiterated in a cultural sense. A sign is located at the south end of the site that directs people into Levenshulme. I looked at this relationship and extracted the important roles that the site plays, and analysed them in terms of spacial representation, circulation, movements and entries into the site. This enables me to think about how my building should be orientated, and how I could direct people through and around the site efficiently and effectively. The longitudinal site serves as a site relying on its location to the road and its context. The obvious connection to the park and the road lends itself as a site that is often overlooked, and could be used in a more effective manner. The one major element to decide upon on this site is the road that cuts into the centre, leading to the residential housing area behind the site. However, a barrier has been built that blocks access on that road, and it is often filled with cars parked around. This area could be neglected altogether, along with the existence of the car wash on one side of the site. facing Crowcroft Park longitudinal site
63
BREAKDOWN surrounding components
Crowcroft Park
There are three main components making up the site and its context; being Stockport Road, the site, and Crowcroft Park. Dissecting these elements helps understand what to consider within my design proposal. The front facade of the building would be the key element for this site, catching the attention of passerbys that often neglect the existence of the area. Because Stockport Road is often busy with buses and cars moving across at all times, I intend to interact with the road by diffusing the noise with the integration of a frontage that becomes a key feature in my design.
Stockport Rd. longitudinal site along road
Road going through the centre
64
INTEGRATION spa & massage | stress therapy
65
TRANQUILITY
A Park that goes unnoticed Sitting adjacent to the site and Stockport Road, Crowcroft Park serves as a public park for recreational use for residents, however it has been underused and begins to be insignificant in the landscape. Parks generate many advantages to the public, such as health and fresh air, which should be promoted and utilised fully. In spa and massage treatments, the force of nature is used to enhance the effect of relaxation and the theme of combining body and soul. The park can be used almost as a tool for relaxation.
By positioning the jacuzzi areas at the top floor of the buildings corrected, views over the park can be achieved. This becomes an area of relaxation and cooling down, whilst making full use of the beauty of nature and the natural greenery of the park. This also makes the park a more desirable place to visit.
66
THERME VALS GRAUBUNDEN CANTON, SWITZERLAND
46.5573째 N 9.1342째 E
67
ATMOSPHERIC
Thermal springs hotel & spa Built over the only springs in Graubunden Canton, the Therme Vals is a hotel & spa that aims to give visitors a sensory experience through different kinds of rooms and baths. The Therme Vals is built from layer upon layer of locally quarried Valser Quarzite slabs, and became the driving inspiration behind the design and circulation of the buillding.
Different types of baths The building acted as a place where visitors could experience the ancient benefits of bathing. The use of light and shade, open and enclosed spaces allowed it to become a highly sensual and restorative experience for users. Indoor baths are lighted in different coloured lights to perform a different type of experience, and with the help of the slabs, it brings out the linearity of the design.
The baths within the building range from 14 - 42 degrees, containing cold baths to fire baths. This collective allows visitors to choose their comfort heat, allowing it to be usable for all kinds of requirements. Cold bath enable visitors to cool down after hot baths. The water provided within this facility comes from the mountains, hence it is clean and fresh. Special baths are available, such as a sound bath that produces tranquil sound effects around the room. Flower baths allow a different kind of sensory experience through smell and sight. - indoor bath 32 °C - outdoor baths 36°C/30-33°C - sound bath 35°C - fire bath 42°C - cold bath 14°C - flower bath 33°C
68
THERMAE BATH SPA BATH, UNITED KINGDOM
51.3802째 N -2.3614째 W
69
VIEWPOINTS Combination of a historical spa and a contemporary building A combination of two buildings, the Thermae Bath Spa is constructed in Bath stone and enclosed by a glass envelope. It has two natural thermal baths, an open-air rooftop pool and an indoor pool, a large steam room with four circular glass pods and 20 spa treatment rooms, including the 18th century Hot Bath. The stand alone preserved Cross Bath is a grade 1 listed Georgian building containing one open-air thermal bath.
Facilities
Floor Arrangements
1. Open-air Rooftop Pool
The Thermae Bath Spa has four floors, and covers an extensive area. The main indoor facilities are where the treatment rooms and changing rooms are, with some indoor spa pools tucked in. Spa pools and changing rooms are represented in isolation of each other, being separate entities to provide privacy. These spa baths are also mixed gender. The outdoor spaces at the top floors provide visitors with a ‘cool’ atmosphere after the spas and baths, including a view over the city.
Provides visitors with spectacular views over the City of Bath and surrounding landscapes. The water is naturally warm and enhanced by air seats and bubbling jets. 2. Minerva Bath Largest of the thermal baths, distinguished by the flowing curves and grand columns, the thermal waters are complemented by an invigorating massage jet, whirlpool and lazy river. 3. Aroma Steam Rooms Steam rooms infused with an aromatic essence such as lotus flower or eucalptus mint. There is a central ‘waterfall’ shower, interspersed with fibre optic lighting, provides a variety of sensations. 4. Cross Bath As a separate building, it is an alternative to the modern rendition of the spa. It is a unique venue for individuals or exclusively for small parties, where light bites and drinks can be provided to visitors.
70
SCHEMATICS ARRANGEMENT POSSIBILITIES
71
SCHEME 1 Compact and Fulfilling This arrangement represents a minimal way in achieving all the needs for a relaxation centre. Consisting of only two floors, it does not block surrounding buildings and is efficientin its compact manner. The transparent modules allow views out of the building into the park, leaning towards the tranquil atmosphere intended. Walkways crossing over each side allow unobstructed views and access. The double entry allows flow of access and prevents disruptions in circulation around the site.
The main feature of this design is the ability to cross over to each side of the building without leaving it. It creates an elevated sense and unobstructs existing areas, hence being efficient in spacial organisation.
First Floor - 14 spa and massage rooms - changing room - jacuzzi area - public walkway - 2 connecting tunnels
Ground Floor - Swimming Pool - Entrance and lobby
Overall Structure - 2 storey structure
72
SCHEME 2 Transitional and Easy Access This particular design allows convenient access through the centre, allowing users to utlilise the building without having to walk out and back into different areas. This creates a relaxing environment for the public, where again jacuzzi areas with translucent glazing keep customers warm and opens up to a view over Crowcroft Park. The extra floor provides more space to roam freely, and also gives a greater view of the surrounding context. The pool area is placed on the ground floor for ease of access and structural requirements.
Second Floor - jacuzzi area - translucent glazing for views over Crowcroft Park
This design is merely an abstract representation that I have tried out. It looks at an interesting concept of modules that are apart from the main building, creating multiple environments. It also creates a secluded effect, useful in a stress relieving environment. However, these concepts are hard to design around, and are difficult when it comes to thinking about structures and environmental strategies. This design is different as it neglects the existence of the road entirely, allowing the utlisisation of that road for building upon. I think that the road has no direction or purpose with the erection of barricades, and it could easily be taken away to enable more possibility in designs.
First Floor - jacuzzi area and translucent glazing viewing area - 16 spa and massage rooms - changing rooms Ground Floor - swimming pool - 2 connecting tunnels - open space
Overall Structure - 3 storey multiple component structure 73
SCHEME 3
Second Floor - jacuzzi area (gender split)
Pirvacy and Separation Due to religious beliefs and a wide range of cultures in Levenshulme, privacy is key in achieving a cultural respect in this region. Changing rooms and spa and massage rooms are separated in this design for privacy and comfort of the residents in this area.. There are parts of the building where there is a possibility that both genders meet, such as the swimming pool.
- translucent glazing for views over Crowcroft Park
First Floor - 20 spa and massage rooms - 2 changing rooms (gender split) - public walkway to rooms
Ground Floor - Swimming pool - 2 entrances and spaces for male and female Overall Structure - 3 storey longitudinal structure
The main idea on this scheme is the gender split system, allowing there to be some sort of privacy within the building. As Levenshulme is made up of many ethnic minorities, some religious beliefs may prevent people from exposing their bodies to others, and hence a separated system can work well. I opt to use this system in my design to offer the public a flexibility in choice, and providing a sense of privacy to religious beliefs.
74
Main Modules
COMBINATIONS
Jacuzzi
Types of Massages
Scheme 1
mixture of ideas
The three schemes gave me a general view on how to arrange modules within my building, considering different elements that adapt best with Levenshulme’s context. With this in mind, the ethnic minorities make up most of the population of the area, hence religious beliefs come into consideration. Scheme 3 suggests a separation of gender entry into the building, creating private spaces for both parties to enjoy without disruption. However, there are areas within the building that allow cross access, which is decided by the users. The bridging element is an interesting inclusion in Scheme 1, allowing an elevated perspective of transition through the building with having to step outside to access other areas. This allows convenience and ensures visitors are kept in a warm and controlled environment.
Scheme 2
Scheme 3
75
GENDER SPECIFIED
Levels of Treatments Full Body Thai Massage
Acupuncture Treatment
Head Massage & Reflexology
Relaxation & Recreation
Gender Split System Due to the mixture of religious beliefs and ethnic minorities in Levenshulme, privacy is an important factor to look into in designing a treatment centre. With this in mind, floors are separated in terms of the type of massage. The building is split in half, occupying men on one side and women on the other side. However, there are two areas within the building that become crossing points between the genders, known as ‘resting areas’, supplemented with a swimming pool and pools at the top of the building.
76
IMPLEMENTATION analytical design process
Using the decisions made from the schemes, I have looked further into the site and focussed on the dimensions I had to work with. The site measures at 120m in length and 25m in width, meaning it constrained possibilities in design approaches. I decided to quickly diagram the areas within the site that may be of larger importance then others, where I concluded that the frontage of the site would be pivotal in how people would see it from Stockport Road. I highlighted neutral areas yellow to show the areas that are suitable for the building to sit onto without obstruction nearby context. With the mention of the road in between the site, I first looked at keeping it and having the bridges link the two areas of the building.
Dimensions
Levels of Importance
Bridging Effect
I began looking at the entry into the site, and where people would come into the area from. These led to multiple decisions as whether or not to have several points of entry or just a single path. As justified, there will be a male and female entry on either side of the building. However upon discussions and further though, I realised that the entry paths disrupted circulation, creating paths that required re-routing and back tracking. I looked at the possibility of having one of the areas as the building, and one as an landscaping area, but this idea did not abode well with my gender separation entry. The building itself was originally designed as being too long, and it would serve better if it was more compact, allowing more open space on either side.
Compressing
Placements
Separation
77
LIQUIFY the essence of water
78
NATIONAL GALLERY OF VICTORIA MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA
Water is an essence of life, which immediately becomes a great feature to have in a spa & massage centre. The iconic water wall at the National Gallery of Victoria in Melbourne offers visitors a glimpse of the atmosphere of living within water. It implements a tranquil and soothing atmosphere to a gallery space, offering an alluring entry in celebration of the arts. The water glides down the glass facade, creating a faded and almost painting-like effect from the inside and outside, creating a sense of public and private spaces well enforcing the need for light and visilibilty in and out. It becomes a centrepiece of transition, as tourists enter from a busy environment into more of a tranquil environment of calmness and tranquility.
-37.8610째 S 144.9848째 E
79
GUINNESS STOREHOUSE DUBLIN, REPUBLIC OF IRELAND
The waterfall effect in the Guinness Storehouse promotes the use of water in the current era. It acts as a symbol of water conservation, raising awareness for its importance in the world around us. The water is pumped through and through propulsion, is directed outward into a rectangular hole that recycles this process.
W53.3437째 N -6.2887째 W
80
FURTHER DEVELOPMENT
Using the idea of the water wall in the NGV, I want to implement this idea into the frontage of my building. This water wall feature creates an atmospheric appearance, and attracts the attention of the public. I think that this site needs more of an identity, as it is often undermined and forgotten about. This frontage will cover the entire east facade, created through the collection of rainwater. The idea of the water wall is to create a public verses private ideal, separating the outside and inside but letting in elements should as visibility and light. With this thought, have decided to remove the unused road and replaced it with a garden space. This garden space will be open to both genders, accessible from either end. It will enforce the water wall up close, separating the road and the site whilst taking in light. Due to the length of the site, I have also decided to widen the building, where I have widened the garden space in the centre. All 3 green spaces have therefore been modified to the same dimensions.
In addition, I have included access areas on the first floors to the garden. Balconies extend beyond the structure, enabling views to the other side and down to the garden space. This offers freedom for visitors and a chance to cool off after sessions. The pool positioning was another decision to make, and by positioning it above ground level means that there would have to be reinforcements and thick flooring for the volume of water. With this in mind, I have decided to push the pool down to a basement level, where the foundations will support the mass of water instead of having these heavy elements obstruct my design aesthetic. This is also far more efficient and bids well for the public vs. private conversation mentioned. Changing rooms with be on either side of the pool level for both genders. Entry points have been justified so there is no tracking back for entry into the site.
81
CONCEPT visualising the water wall
Although not intended as the final design, this visual shows the astmosphere created with the addition of a water wall. It enforces the facade and immediately makes it more of a striking structure. Along with the weather of Manchester, rain offers an enhanced effect on the building.
82
INITIAL DESIGN
Building Axonometric
This initial proposal looks at the elements of the water wall and the garden. The provision of the water funnels through a canopy roof that stores the water and distributes it to the frontage of the building. The rocky surface adds to the effect of natural environments and atmosphere.
Location within Levenshulme However, I have realised that this system is not practical and offers too many systems of distribution, whereby a slanted roof towards the roadside might be more beneficial in rainwater distrbution.
Roof Plan
Side Section 83
REFLECTION analysing performance and practicality
The idea behind the changing floor spans lies in the physics of gravity and how each floor acts to the water wall. Initial I wanted to create a facade with multiple styles of viewing outwards, where the top floor is unobstructed and water would flow from the first floor downwards. This is difficult to achieve howoever, hence this idea was to be changed to something more practical. The pool has been moved into the basement level for structural sense. The granite and stone gives off a very brutal and unforgiving visualisation, concluding that the use of concrete may make a lot more sense in a building that celebrates the interiors more than its exteriors.
84
WATERFALL EFFECT
Using gravity, the canopy roof guides the water collection from the rain and directs it to the frontage of the building. The slanted roof has a pitched end at the front, wear water is stored evenly across the entire canopy before it is let down over the facade. I used a model to reinact the situation, pouring water onto a slanted roof and testing the physics behind the idea. The storage of water is useful in providing equal distribution along the plane, however the slow speed of water trickling down meant the water hanged around the edge and trickled down very slowly. The water ended up going inwards towards the faces, which meant that the pitch was too steep. Overall the idea did work in storing water and distributing it by the force of gravity.
Water Recycling System
Video at: https://vimeo.com/127253415 85
REINTERPRET occupation of frames from 2.1
86
ADAPTATION fanning motion as structural uphold
My cantilevers from 2.1 were adapted from a mechanical fanning motion, spanning out from one point. Due to the implementation of a slanted roof on my building, this component needs to be supported by a structure that enables structural stability at all points. My cantilevers were reinforced by a concrete base that could transform into columns, supporting at span of iron or steel rods that support both ends of the roof. This span would need reinforcements, such as trusses, additionally components would need to be welded and bolted. I have flipped my existing cantilevers and used the outward span as the base of my structure. Side by side, they will support each end of the roof, repeated multiple times lengthwise.
87
ELEGANCE structural model
Utilising the span from the cantilevers, I created a structural model to test aesthetics and performance. Ideally the span would be connected to each floor, leaving an open atrium space in the centre for circulation and ventilation. Due to the length of the cantilever span, reinforcements are needed, such as trusses across the column and rod to improve stability. Addtionally, these elements need to be connected on a grid system of batons. This improves the stability of the entire structure lengthwise and widthwise. The open atrium allows a welcoming entry, with the ability to look across the building from the atrium spaces. The elegant form defines the space, presenting its structural finesse from the exterior to the interior.
88
DEVELOPMENT detailing and atmosphere
Narrowing Spaces
Triangulated truss support
Widened atrium space
89
FINAL STRUCTURE
Structural Axonometric
The final structural system consists of three components; the primary structure being the concrete columns with the cantilever span, secondary structure in the batons, and a tertiary structure with the I-beam handrails. These components reinforce the structure and allow it to become stable, withstanding the roof and the floors that coincide with it. The handrails are brought though from my post & beam from 2.1, providing longitudinal support through the entire building lengthwise. It allows increased stability for each floor.
90
WALL UTILISATION Creating a rainwater effect | Utlilising Manchester rain Using a standard rainwater recycling system, water is reused for drinking and use in changing rooms. Other than this, rainwater is also used to create a tranquil atmosphere within the massage rooms.
“Peace and Tranquility� Not only does recycling rainwater appear as being environmentally friendly, it brings a sense of tranquility and peace to make massage and spa treatments. The sound of rain and its presence clears the mind and acts to loosen up the body, relaxing the mind and soul.
Rainwater Recycling
Rainwater trickles down the sides of the heavy construction walls, the smooth surface helping it slide along onto the funnels where it is then used again in a cycle. This trickle effect creates an atmosphere for the clients, creating a soothing and peaceful environment for relaxation purposes.
91
LANDSCAPING post & beam allocation
With the entry points sorted within the site, I wanted to create an entry that directs people into the building. The site itself is the experience, and I want it to be carried through from the frontage of the building. The post & beam I have created fits well in the functioning of water distribution. It becomes a structural system as well as being a water wall. Water flows across the gaps on the I-beams, and flows downwards into a funnel that pumps the water back to the distrbution beam. This creates a water cycle that links with the system mentioned in the massage rooms, creating a cycle of reusable water throughout the building.
Post & Beam Water Wall
92
TRANSVERSE stair construction
As a building with 4 floors, it is essential for there to be stairs for access. Due to the limited space I had to work in, I have used a stair system that utlises the least space to make room for more ciruclation and room spaces. A simple spiral staircase is spacially conservative and efficient. I have also decided to have my fire exits integrated with these stairs. One major feature of the stairs is the waterfall in the central gap, dividing the sides of the stairs. The glass facade allows a visibility in and out of the stairs, where a sense of anticipation is addressed to visitors using the stairs. The stairs are reinforced by cylindrical joints that fix the floors to the glass panes and timber columns that go down into the foundations. The flooring is of an unfinished oak surface, being efficient on absorbing water and having the natural benefit of being a non-slip material.
Section
Plan
93
DRAWINGS fixated designs
94
SUNKEN basement plan
This initial plan looks at the availability of space on the basement level. An olympic sized swimming pool with 6 lanes is placed as the central point, with the separated changing rooms on either side. From further understanding of structure and spacial arrangements, this plan needed to be longer to fit space for lockers, bathrooms and showers within the changing room. The columns that support the entire structure would dig into the foundation, meaning it would disrupt the swimming pool in the centre. From this, I decided to design the pools around the columns, doubling the use of this level with the inclusion of kids pools and hydrotherapy treatment pools. This works much better with the limited space, whereby laned pools can be placed on both side.
95
1. Massage Rooms 2. Reception 3. Entrance Walkway 4. Private Garden 5. Handicap Toilets 6. Outdoor Pond 7. Flower Beds 8. Water Curtain 9. Lift 10. Stairs
Ground Floor Plan
1. Massage Rooms 2. Rest Area 3. Bridge 4. Balcony 5. Staff Room 6. Bathroom/Showers 7. Handicapped Bathroom 8. Water Curtain 9. Lift 10. Stairs 11. Void
First Floor Plan 96
1. Crowcroft Pool 2. Tranquility Pool 3. Bridge 4. Glass Tunnel 5. Water Curtain 5. Lift 6. Stairs
Second Floor Plan
1. Slanted Roof 2. Water Collection Funnel 3. Water Wall
Roof Plan 97
EAST SECTION
98
EAST ELEVATION Upon completing the elevation and associated drawings, I realised that my floor widths were not thick enough for the implication of pools. I also had to figure out what to do with the glazing on the facade, whether or not to have a complete plane across the building, or have it separated by mullions. In this drawing, I have shown the roof structure by distorting it out of the structure, just to indicate the importance of the frames in my building.
99
3D VIEW line drawing perspective
100
PERSPECTIVES matt white renders
Using a plain render on V-Ray, I generated a few simple perspectives without materials to show the spaces within the centre. The east facing facade with the views gets most of the morning light, but for most of the day this facade is left without much light. This enables visitors to utilise the views without the direct entry of sunlight. However the central atrium space is underlit, due to the orientation of the building. The south facade is constantly open to sunlight, in the contrary the north facade is always dark. There needs to be a strategy within the building to let in more light, such as the inclusion of rooflights to redirect light into the spaces.
101
2.3 REFINEMENT AND RESOLUTION final drawings and reflection
102
SUSTAIN environmental strategies in design
In this final section, I have taken the account of the performance and practicality of my structure, how it performs in a real life situation. The major issues I have come across in 2.2 are the floor widths, how I would could make them suitable for pools to be fitted. Lighting was a key factor that I did not think about, which I have considered in this section. Structural details and improvements have been resolved in the drawings.
103
ILLUMINATION orientation and lighting
Lighting is a difficult element to grasp, especially on a site that relies heavily on a specific facade. For this site, the east facade receives only morning light, but is often unlit during the day. This is acceptable in the spa & massage environments, as sunlight may effect the tranquil atmosphere of the pools and massage rooms. The central atrium pays an important role, hence should be controlled with natural sunlight. The implication of rooflights can bring sunlight into the atrium, which would diffuse and bounce across the floors. The rooflights that I have tested out allow light in universally, but causes problems such as glare. The shape also enforces problems with the rainwater collection. The design could be altered in a way where light is controlled and lightly diffuses into the space, creating a soft glow to dark areas within each floor.
104
ORIENTATION
Morning/Sunrise
The movement of the sun across the sky during different times of the day and year is crucial in the design of buildings. Orientating a building towards natural sunlight improve atmosphere and saves electricity, sustaining the environment for future generations..
Midday
Afternoon/Sunset
105
ROOFLIGHT DESIGN
Diffusion of Light
Rooflight Design The design of the rooflights is pivotal in providing enough light into the building. Rooflights placed horizontally on roofs cause glare, due to it being uncontrolled and random. With the use of a curved rooflight, put on an angle that faces the direction of the sun (at its peak), it can help diffuse and soften the light prior to entering the atrium. This controlled environment makes the most of the sun without causing too much intensity, lighting up the darkened sides of the building with a soft glow. These curved surfaces also help with spreading the light around, not constantly focused on one point. No matter in winter or summer, there will always be a strong utilisation of natural light.
Spread of incoming sunlight
106
INTERIOR LIGHTING During the night, lighting within the building would need to be artificial. The placement of lights around the building relates to how it functions, whether or not every corner needs to be lit up. From the conversation of private spaces, the creation of soft light partitioned across the floors creates a subtle atmosphere. This low light allows navigation and visibility, as well as providing the interior with a different atmosphere. The soft lighting can also diffuse across the space, which automatically lights up the atrium space without the use of hanging lights from the roof.
Atrium Space
107
RAINWATER HARVESTING With the use of simple technologies, rainwater can be harvested and recycled through a system within a building. This system explores 3 stages; collection of water, filtration, and lastly pumped to locations within the building and used. In this case, the water will be distributed to the roof of the building, and the natural pull of gravity will generate the movement of water down the facade. This cycle will go continuously, reusing the same portion of water and filtering it everytime it reaches the ground. The collection of rainwater is stored and used at all times, creating a sustainable system of water usage.
Filtration Tank/Pump
Distribution along outdoor pools
Distribution Funnel Water Pump Water Wall Release
108
Ventilation of humid air/stream from pools
DISSIPATION ventilation and heat recovery Air Flow
As a centre with heated pools, the warmth and enclosed environment will cause a rise in humidity from steam generation. The humidity can cause problems to the materials within the building, and will become uncomfortable for visitors. The glass tunnels have been implemented in a way where this water vapour can escape into the environment, clearing out the waste air and keeping the building well ventilated. As well as this, a heat recovery system is installed, taking in the water vapour and generating it into usable energy, essentially for heating the pools. This allows a sustainable method of energy consumption, converting waste energy into energy that produces it in the first place. Flow of hot and cold air through the central atrium space
Fresh, cold air from outside drawn in Waste heat is drawn in
Redistributed to heat pools
Stale, cool air from inside is exhausted outside
109
DETAILING structure & component breakdown
110
PROPORTIONS site massing with model
The building allows minimal disruption to the surrounding context, unobstructing views and ideally the residential housing behind the site. The entry and green spaces allow breathing space, enabling the building to be seen from all angles.
111
ROOFING raincover and collection weatherproof and sealed
PRIMARY STRUCTURE cantilevering from central columns two cantilevering components truss support
STRUCTURE
SECONDARY STRUCTURE baton support I-beam reinforcements in floor levels
exploded structural axonometric
base components concrete walls unfinished oak flooring double glazed glass
Structure defines the appearance of the spa & massage centre, being a centrepiece of its construction. Due to the weight exerted from the 3 floors above ground, a foundation is needed on ground level to keep the building from weakening the soil. I have decided to implement a concrete system that spans and supports the building, protecting the earth and the basement level. The building is constructed of concrete, give an almost brutal structure that showcases a sense of elegance within. The primary structure of the cantilever spans, the secondary structure of the batons, and the tertiary structure of the post & beam handrails creates a sturdy and rigid structure.
concrete foundation concrete system support for load above
112
ROOFING ROOFLIGHTS
DISASSEMBLE component explosion STRUCTURE
CONNECTING TUNNELS WATER TANK
CONCRETE BACK WALL
FRONT FACADE (EAST)
ENTRY FACADE (SOUTH)
Several important components make up my building, notable the structural entities as labelled. Most of the rooms are for spa and massage treatments, with the inclusion of bathrooms and staff rooms. The outer walls are of concrete, with the double glazed glass separated by conrete mullions.. This frontage also includes the water distribution tank, allowing the flow of water down to the outer pools that recycle and pump the water back up.
ROOMS GROUND FLOOR PLANE
FOUNDATIONS CONCRETE FOUNDATION POOLS
BASEMENT PLANE
113
EXTRACTION materiality Through the understand of material qualities in my technologies module, I have come to understand that materials come in massive varieties, as such with wood and concrete. Concrete is a sturdy material, suitable for wall construction. By reinforcing it with steel rods, it further strengthens. Using my heavy construction wall bedrock, I have integrated it onto the room walls for an atmospheric effect. The glass used is completely transparent for views out of the building. From my post & beam, I have opted to use iron for my lateral support (handrails), also implementing it with the truss system within the cantilevers.
1,4 1,4 1,6
2
1. Reinforced Concrete
6
6
2,5,6
2. Non-slip Rusitic Oak
1
3. Rustic Bedrock
2,3
1 2,3
4. Clear Glass 4 1,4
5. Light Timber
2
1
6. Iron 114
STAIRS CONSTRUCTION The main attribute of the stairs is the water curtain running through from the top to the basement floor of the building. Following the process of water recycling, a tank at the top is filled and water is distributed down the gap between the stairs. The fire exit is located on a half landing, where you accend from another half floor level up to the surface. The glass panes are placed for views outside the stairs, creating an open environment that celebrates the elements of water. The concrete panel on the left wall is used to hide the lift shaft.
115
DETAILS The stairs in my building reconnect with the theme of water interaction. The water curtain running through the gap within the stairs creates an imaginary wall, separating each side as you move through. This curtain will cause water splatter but due to the materials of the floor being of a non-slip oak material, it becomes a safe element within this hybrid of stairs. As mentioned before, the lack of space has lead to my interpretation of the fire exit to be included within my public stairs. Ideally this is to save space, and is a good utlisation of the limited space I have within the building. From the technology module, I have learnt that fire escapes and stairs have ranged dimensions, such as the rise and run and the dimensions of remaining circulation. I have calculated these components, allowing the stairs to be within building regulations.
Cyclindrical joints fix the stairs and the floors together, along with the glass panes that may be subject to instability. Drilled through and fixed, this allows the glass to stay in position. The columns further stabilise the stairs from top to bottom.
Detail Section 1:20
Stair Section 1:50
116
Steel Reinforcement Rods
Reinforced Concrete
LAYERING
Insulation
Reinforced Concrete
wall detail & components
Plaster Coating The wall keeps the cantilever span structure in place, as the load os transferred down the walls and into the foundations. The minimum width of a concrete wall is 200mm, however for a building of such scale, it needs to be even wider. I have chosen a wall width of 300mm, double layered in reinforced concrete with a layer of polystyrene board insulation. For protective purposes, the wall is coated with plaster (facing the exterior). As the structure is 3 storeys high, I have chosen to reinforce the concrete with steel reinforcement rods for extra stability.
plaster coating
200mm reinforced concrete (pre-fabricated_
50mm reinforced concrete (pre-fabricated)
300mm
117
REFINED final drawings
118
EXTRACT floor axonometric
The building consists of 4 accessible levels, each having different accessibilities judging by gender. I have decided to allow universal access to the ground floor, as they are already connected through the private garden. This opens up circulation and prevents different genders from having to walk further for entry into the building. The only difference being the bathrooms and changing rooms will be separated on each side, once inside genders will have to split into their allocated sides. The first floor is restricted and only gender specific, whereas all other floors are open for free access.
Female Male Mixed 119
EAST SECTIONS
120
ENTRY side sections
The entry facade is a key point of interaction. The visibility from one side to the other explores the building as an entity, showing off the elegant styling of the structural component. The concrete and glass facade allows the visibility in and out, with the addition to a glass plane that ideally frames the structure. The inclusion of this side section improves the visualisation of the building, and clearly this section is more effective in expressing form and function.
121
ENCLOSED basement plan
As mentioned, the basement level was too constricted at earlier stages. Due to the site being relatively long, I had the ability to open up the basement floor. This meant I had more space for the pools, and predominantly, more space for changing and locker rooms. To access the pools, visitors are forced to go through the changing rooms, allowing it to be a private and clean environment. With the columns going through the level, I designed around the structural entities. Instead of having an olympic sized pool, I have dissected them into separate swimming lanes on either side, meanwhile using the central areas as hydrothrerapy and kids pools. This improves my spacial arrangement, allowing comfortable movement across the space in comparison to the lack of area at earlier stages.
1. Changing Rooms 2. Locker Rental Desk 3. Observation Area 4. 25m Double Lane Pool 5. Hydrotherapy Pools 6. Kids Pools 7. Sunbathing Beds 8. Lift 9. Stairs 122
PRESENTED ground floor plan
In 2.2, I did not look at the functionality of my open atrium spaces. At this stage, I did not want to interfere with the aesthetics of the space, hence I have opted to leave the atrium as it is. I have added a reception desk for checking in and a seating area. The landscaping is left unchanged, with the outdoor pools collecting water which is then recycled through the system.
1. Massage Rooms 2. Information Desk 3. Check-In Counter 4. Seating Area 5. Entrance Walkway 6. Private Garden 7. Handicap Toilets 8. Outdoor Pond 9. Flower Beds 10. Water Curtain 11. Lift 12. Stairs 13. Emergency Exit 123
GENDER SPLIT first floor plan
The second floor remains mostly unchanged, just some modifications on the sizes for the balconies. I reckoned the balconies designed before were way too large (6m lengthwise), and it could work better structurally if it was lessened to 3m. This gives more room for viewing out of the balconies as opposed to the previous design.
1. Massage Rooms 2. Rest Area 3. Bridge 4. Balcony 5. Staff Room 6. Bathroom/Showers 7. Handicapped Bathroom 8. Water Curtain 9. Lift 10. Stairs 11. Void 124
VIEWPOINT second floor plan
I have completely redesigned the pools, taking into account the raised floor planes for the storage of water. Instead of having an organic shaped pool, I have opted to use rectangular pools, fitted into position without disrupting geometries. The tunnels have been reinforced with horizontal timber batons and I-beam supports. I have only lifted the floors for the pool areas, whereas the rest of the circulation space is the same width as the other planes. Placing the pools closer to the edge facing the atrium widens the depth of view, and additionally allows the movement of people through these corridors freely.
1. Crowcroft Pools 2. Tranquility Pool 3. Bridge 4. Glass Tunnel 5. Water Curtain 6. Lift 7. Stairs 125
VIEWS
126
SYSTEMATIC roof plan
The roof plan acts as a system for my building. The installment of rooflights enable lighting through the central atrium. The water wall system remains, launching the water from a funnel that transfers it down to the front facade, where the water wall effect is created.
1. Slanted Sheet Metal Roof 2. Rooflights 3. Water Distribution Funnel 4. Water Collection Funnel 5. Water Wall 127
EAST ELEVATION
128
VIEW FROM CROWCROFT PARK
129
NIGHT PERSPECTIVES Without the implication of natural light, artificial tungsten lights have been installed. Paritioned across the levels, it gives off an atmosheric glow to the interiors, without overilluminating the space. It produces a calm and subtle atmosphere, ideal for the tranquility of the body and mind. The lights over the pool create a relfection onto nearby walls and the roof, creating a natural glow of green and blue light.
130
REFLECTION second year summarised
“It is not the beauty of a building you should look at; its the construction of the foundation that will stand the test of time� - David Allan Coe
Over the course of the year, I feel a lot more confident in the designing of buildings, especially understanding how buildings are constructed. The course has bidded well in introducing structures to us early in the year, slowly developing our understanding on building functionality. 2.1 was a great opportunity for us to learn the basics of architectural design as a whole, as we were told to design a landscaping space. My understanding of the importance of landscaping has indulged within my building scheme, as it can define how the building is represented. My skills have developed drastically throughout my reviews and conversations with peers, having to take things more openly rather than literally. I have learnt that focusing on one element is better than looking at several, as I can focus on that area which would eventually branch into different ideas that were not intended at the beginning. Having to work out the structure before the aesthetics helped me understand the complications behind buildings, as they are more than meets the eye. Diagramming is a pivotal skill that can be represented simply and quickly, this being my major approach this year to the projects. I believe that this year, I have been introduced to architecture in a much broader sense, whereby I can now figure out the structural entities and environmental strategies involved in the simplest of buildings. Second year has put me in a great position, where I can now develop further skills to represent my ideas, expanding my ability to work with different software that would improve my efficiency and quality.
131
REFERENCES
Atelier Bow. 2007. Atelier Bow: Wow - Graphic Anatomy. Toto. Tokyo Ching, F.D.K. 2008. Building Construction Illustrated. John Wiley & Sons; 4th Edition edition. New York Frederick, M. 101 Things I Learned in Architecture School. The MIT Press. Cambridge Ingels, B. 2015. Hot to Cold: An Odyssey of Architectural Adaptation. Taschen. Cologne Ross, R. 2011. Architect’s Pocket Book. Routledge; 4th edition. London
132