X-Ray the City 2046: Mongrel City by Isaac Chen by Isaac Chen

Mo ngrel City.

X-R ay The City 2046 Melbourne School of Design University of Melbourne Faith Freeman, Isaac Chen and Tommy Heng.

CO N T E N T S

Introduction

Studio Description Group Mantra Project Abstract

07 08 10

Week 01-06

Ernest Fooks Familiarisation with the site Looking towards 2046 Methodology Site Analysis and Research Population Density Studies Opportunities Arising Return to Concept and Application on Site Development of Complex Adaptive Modeling

12 20 38 70 73 79 90 94 109

Week 07-10

Transport Infrastructure General Stages Detailed Breakdown of Stages Systems Breakdown

124 125 131 143

Week 11-14

Hybrid Programmes Stages Section Plan Conclusion

151 178 184 196 208

6 Studio 5 Booklet Image Environments and Design Student Centre Website http://edsc.unimelb.edu.au/2016-s1-architecture-masters-studio-5

I N TRO DU C TI O N

Studio Description

“There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics.”

Forty-five years later, Brian McLoughlin (1991), described similar problems related to British town planning. Today, 70 years after X-Ray the City was first published, much of our thinking has moved beyond Fooks’ theories; nevertheless, his ideas about SPATIAL NEARNESS and his efforts to provide us with a planning framework able to deliver urban environments where access to work, where services and facilities could be reached by walking at most 20 minutes, are relevant to contemporary conditions.

This quotation, which was popularized by Mark Twain and the British Prime Minister Disraeli, addresses the power of data and particularly statistical use of data to support weak arguments. Fooks wanted to provide Australia with more intellectually rigorous footing to consider urban density and to change the way density measurements were applied. He hoped that this might lead to better urban solutions.

This studio will be looking for proposals that address the concept of 3D SPATIAL NEARNESS for the year 2046. Adapting Fooks’ theory for the 21st century and using his concepts of the Residential Unit, Neighborhood, Borough and District as volumetric compositions, we will employ parametric modeling techniques to explore alternative and more sustainable forms of living.

n Urban Design Studio, X-Ray The City 2046 celebrates the 70th anniversary of Ernest Fooks’ publication of X-Ray the City. Fooks’ central thesis in this book was about the concept of density and the problem we have with calculating and interpreting relevant data which led us to many undesirable outcomes. The book starts with the quotation:

G ro u p M an t r a

mbarking on a speculative project for Melbourne in 2046 this semester we wanted to balance the fantastical with the practical. We wanted to lose ourselves in a limitless world of innovation and imagination in order to be as creative and exploratory as possible - and in doing so put forward a real provocation about architecture, urban planning and Melbourne in 2046. That said, we also strived for intellectual logic and rigour to avoid the arbitrary and the ilconceived - re-imagining how a city could and perhaps should be is, by its very nature, a critical task - we are concerned with how people across all facets of society live at all scales. It therefore demands a certain level of seriousness or perhaps thoughtfulness, regardless of how fantastical

the output is. We therefore approached every task, no matter how absurd or wacky, with a certain level of care and rigour. Coming into the semester our group was united behind a strong work ethic and a keen interest in myriad ideas, some of which included: accessibility; opportunistic urbanism; voids; boundaries; nearness; efficiency; innovation; infrastructure; and modularity. These ideas permeated our research and design to varying degrees throughout the whole semester and we believe contribute to a project that we are all proud of.

Pro j ec t A bs t r ac t

In pursuit of better urban conditions, Ernest Fooks wanted to equip planners and designers with more intellectually rigorous footings to consider urban density and to change the way density measurements are applied. Unfortunately, much of Fooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work has gone unheeded and, as a consequence, today we observe some poor urban conditions in Melbourne. Namely, an unsustainable urban sprawl of sparsely populated suburbs with little access to services and amenities. Compounding the problem is the way we currently treat such services and amenities as discrete units; impeding efficient use of space and making it difficult for people to gain access to multiple services within a limited area. Pushing against such conditions and adapting Fooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; theory for the 21st Century, our proposition for 2046 aims to focus the design of our cities on access. In doing so, we will look at more efficient and exciting uses

of space through a contraction of the city footprint and the use of hybridised spaces. Before detailing the project further, it is imperative to define our terms. First, we define access as the means or opportunity to approach, enter or use what one needs to achieve a sustainable standard of living and productivity regardless of socio-economic status, immobility, age, gender or culture. Second, we define discrete units of programme as programmes that are conceived of and executed in isolation from other programmes. We define hybridised spaces as those where programmes are allowed to overlap (both conceptually and physically) to make more efficient use of space and to produce exciting and unexpected hybrids.

IMAGE

FOOKS Initial thoughts

he majority of 20th Century thinking on urban design and living conditions relied exclusive use of quantitative data to denote qualitative experiences. There was a perceived correlation between high population densities and poor housing conditions. Conversely, good housing conditions were perceived to correlate with good housing conditions.

relatively small areas cannot be properly judged by quantitative statistical data or by qualitative knowledge. Myriad variables contribute to ones quality of life which are not limited to the physical environment nor the non-physical environment; it is a complex interplay between the two. Correlation between population density and housing conditions is simplistic and misleading.

In order to obtain the benefit of organised services, our population in the past settled down in close proximity to the source of organised services. Modern life tend towards an increasing aggregation of population. This trend became one of the dominant factors in development of western civilisation during the last two to three centuries. Ernest Fooks departed from traditional thinking on density and urban planning on many counts. He claimed that concentrations of masses of people in

Fooks also claimed that provision of services is not a universal formula with regard to optimum population density, as the standard of life has to be taken into account. A water supply which may be satisfactory in a residential area of the lower income class, where inhabitants have a bath not oftener than once weekly, may not answer the needs of another residential district of the same size and density. Fooks believed that two conditions existed to facilitate and create community

FOOKS Initial thoughts

life: the presence of a certain number of people of various age groups and different social and economic backgrounds and their grouping at a convenient walking distance around some of the centres of community interest. A town must be regarded as a flexible shell, able to meet the constantly changing needs of the population. Therefore, its planning has to take into account the social and economic requirements of the inhabitants at all times.

• •

means of the diagram of population density in its various forms, based on the DISTANCE GRID. Replace the vague overall density figures, which bear no clearly defined space relationship, being based on arbitrary boundaries of urban areas. Use density maps only if they are layered with other maps to reveal how other things effect growth and quality of life.

With respect to urban planners, Fooks believed that they should:

• •

Introduce clearly defined notions for: expressing the environmental factor of urban living conditions (CROWDING NOTIONS) and measuring population distribution (DENSITY NOTIONS). Illustrate the distribution of the population within urban areas by

After reading Fooks’ X-Ray the City, we were able to position ourselves in relation to his work. Our manifesto on urban living conditions as they relate to Fooks can be summarised as follows:

•

We believe that the provision of services should be available to all

FOOKS Initial thoughts

•

• • •

regardless of socio-economic status. Amenities and services should not be treated as distinct entities, rather, they should be seen as interdependent things that have the ability to create fantastic hybrids. Rather than distributing services based on no. of people in an area, which disregards the time and distance we are looking at distributing required services according to time and population no. – people need services within a certain distance (Calculated by walking on foot within a specific time) these services can then grow according to population growth. Programmes are not static entities but are fluid and adaptive. If Fooks’ plan was to x-ray the city, we want an MRI of the city. We want a more flexible perspective on essential programmes and what a residential dwelling really is.

•

We will look at where we are going in 2046 and try to use these quantitative and qualitative research and analysis skills to design a city structure to support 2046 population in a way that does not compromise on quality of life but does not adhere to arbitrary notions of density. Density and crowding are site specific.

FOOKS Considered Reflection

In pursuit of better urban conditions, Ernest Fooks wanted to equip planners and designers with more intellectually rigorous footings to consider urban density and to change the way density measurements are applied. Unfortunately, much of Fooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s work has gone unheeded and, as a consequence, today we observe some poor urban conditions in Melbourne. Namely, an unsustainable urban sprawl of sparsely populated suburbs with little access to services and amenities. Compounding the problem is the way we currently treat services and amenities as discrete units; impeding efficient use of space and making it difficult for people to gain access to multiple services within a limited area. Pushing against such conditions and adapting Fooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; theory for the 21st Century, our proposition for 2046 aims to focus the design of our cities on

access. In doing so, we look at more efficient and exciting uses of space through a contraction of the city footprint and the use of hybridised spaces. we define access as the means or opportunity to approach, enter or use what one needs to achieve a sustainable standard of living and productivity regardless of socio-economic status, immobility, age, gender or culture. We define discrete units of programme as programmes that are conceived of and executed in isolation from other programmes. We define hybridised spaces as those where programmes are allowed to overlap (both conceptually and physically) to make more efficient use of space and to produce exciting and unexpected hybrids.

FOOKS

Presentation Drawings

In adapting the work of Fooks for the 21st Century, we have reflected on six criteria by which to examine his work: 1) the role of the designer; 2) the tools of the designer; 3) measurements of quality of life; 4) density; 5) provision of services; and 6) the city. Fooks saw relationships with allied disciplines as crucial to the role of the designer. We promote a broader understanding of an architect; one who can not only work with allied disciplines but who can also adopt and adapt the skills of such disciplines. For such an architect, their tools are limitless. Whereas Fooks promoted layering of predominantly 2-dimensional data, we propose layering and intersecting of 2, 3 and 4 dimensional data in all axes. 16

FOOKS

Presentation Drawings

We continue Fooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; assertion that quality of life depends upon more than simplistic density calculations. We also agree with Fooks that density statistics should be interrogated in terms of population, time and space to develop a nuanced understanding.

FOOKS

Presentation Drawings

In his work, Fooks dictated that programmes should be distributed according to time and space, relative to population. We, however, believe in an undefined, fluid and hybridised organisation of programmes distributed according to time and space relative to population. Fooks promoted a hierarchical categorisation of areas based on space and distance relative to population numbers that were to gravitate towards programmes and services. We seek to disturb that trend by merging and hybridising programmes so that they respond to how population evolves relative to time and space 18

FA MI L I A RI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE Site Plan - Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

fter familiarising ourselves with Fooksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; theory and positioning ourselves within it we turned our attention to our allotted site - Victoria St/Prd from Richmond to North Melbourne. We were free to focus on the whole

strip or just a section of it. The following section shows our investigations on the site. In particular we were interesting in looking at how people move across, through and between our site in terms of space, time and distance.

SITESITE MAPMAP SITE MAP -- -

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE SITE MAP -

NORTH NORTH NORTH

Amenities: Amenities: Recreation/Leisure/Entertainment Recreation/Leisure/Entertainment Amenities: Recreation/Leisure/Entertainment

Amenities: HealthHealth Services Amenities: Services Amenities: Health Services

Economic/Social: Institution Economic/Social: Institution Economic/Social: Institution

Amenities: Amenities: RetailRetail Amenities: Retail

Economic: Economic: Commercial Commercial Economic: Commercial

Transport: Carpark Transport: Carpark Transport: Carpark

Amenities: Recreation/Leisure/Entertainment

Amenities: Health Services

NORTH

Economic/Social: Institution

Amenities: Amenities: Food/Beverage Food/Beverage Amenities: Food/Beverage

Economic: Offices Economic: Offices Economic: Offices

Transport: BusStop/Tram Stop/Tram Stop Stop Transport: Bus Stop/Tram Transport: Bus Stop

Amenities: Worship Amenities: Worship Amenities: Worship

Economic: Utilities/Industry Economic: Utilities/Industry Economic: Utilities/Industry

Social: High-Rise Residential (above floors) Social: High-Rise Residential (above 4 floors) Social: High-Rise Residential (above 44floors)

Amenities: Amenities: Education Education Amenities: Education Amenities: Worship

Economic: Economic: MixedMixed Use Use Economic: Mixed Use Economic: Utilities/Industry

Social: Low-Rise Residential (Under floors) Social: Low-Rise Residential (Under 4 floors) Social: Low-Rise Residential (Under 444floors) Social: High-Rise Residential (above floors)

Amenities: Retail

Amenities: Food/Beverage

Amenities: Education

Economic: Commercial Economic: Offices

Economic: Mixed Use

Transport: Carpark

Transport: Bus Stop/Tram Stop

Social: Low-Rise Residential (Under 4 floors)

Site Plan - Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

We combed through our site from North Melbourne to Richmond dividing the land parcels into programmatic categories. This stage was crucial in order to begin to observe opportunities that exist along the strip and how the city might evolve in 2046. 21

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

Industrial/Low Density Residential

High Density/Mixed Use

High Density Mixed Use (CBD)

Medium Density Mixed Use

Site Plan - Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

We then began to categorise the existing programmes along our strip according to vertical distribution - low rise, mid-rise and high rise. With population increase going into the future population density and vertical distribution of programmes and people is crucial to any reading of the city.

SITE MAP ANALYSIS - Industrial/Low-Density Residential FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N

WI TH SI TE

- Small to medium factories and warehouses. - Range of terrace, apartments and townhouses. - Mixed use commercial/residential typologies. - Poor access to amenities and infrastructure. - Poor access to public transport. - Low vitality environment. - Little to no public space. - At least 20 minutes to the CBD.

Site Analysis- Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

Site Plan - Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

Looking more closely at industrial low density (population/hectare) and residential low density we began to observe particular architectural and urban conditions.

SITE MAP ANALYSIS - High Density/Mixed Use

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

- Disorganisation of retail and amenities. - Good mix and distribution of residential. - Variety of commercial and retail. - Provision of public spaces. - Limited access to public transport. - Good mix of high and low density developments. (retails, residential, commercial)

Site Analysis- Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

Looking more closely at high density (population/hectare) mixed use we began to observe particular architectural and urban conditions. 24

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE SITE MAP ANALYSIS - High Density/Mixed Use (CBD)

- High density residences and dwellings. - Good mix and variety of services - Overcrowding of housing. - Car-free zone (Swanston Street). - 10-15 minute walk to most services.

Site Analysis- Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

Looking more closely at high density (population/hectare) mixed use in the cbd we began to observe particular architectural and urban conditions. 25

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE SITE MAP ANALYSIS - Low/Medium-Density Residential

- Clusters of 2 to 3 storey town house residences. - Ample amount of green and public space. - Limited variety and access to services. - No provision of retail and commercial districts. - Poor connectivity and links with public transportation.

Site Analysis- Victoria St/Prd (North Melbourne - Richmond)

Looking more closely at low/medium density (population/hectare) residential we began to observe particular architectural and urban conditions.

NUCLEUS AND ASSOCIATED COSTS.

PROVISION OF SERVICES WITH RESPECT TO DISTANCE FROM AND FA MINUCLEUS L I ARI SA TIASSOCIATED O N WI THCOSTS. SI TE

COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SERVICE

DISTANCE

+ Public library

Gym

Park

Public pool

Mental health

Hospital

G.P

Fresh produce market

Supermarket

Tertiary

High school

Primary school

Pre-school

Provision of Services with Respect to Distance from Nucleus and Associated Costs.

After locating and categorising programmes along our strip we looked at the relationship between them in terms of time, distance and costs. We found that our site was void of affordable public primary and secondary education. We also found that programmes and services are not evenly distributed across our site. 27

PROVISION OF SERVICES WITH RESPECT TO DISTANCE FROM NUCLEUS AND TRAVEL TIME

TRAVEL TIME TO SERVICE

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

DISTANCE TO SERVICE

Public library

Gym

Park

Public pool

Mental health

Hospital

G.P

Fresh produce market

Supermarket

Tertiary

High school

Primary school

Pre-school

Provision of Services with Respect to Distance from Nucleus and Travel Time.

Looking at the relationship between travel time to programmes and services in relation to distance we found that there was not a linear correlation between the two. Distance between a and b does not necessarily dictate a linear travel time. We observed that this is likely because of: road congestion; interrupted and circuitous routes for foot traffic; and a lack of frequent and efficient public transport.

\Faith's diagram.3dm

PROVISION OF SERVICES WITH RESPECT TO DISTANCE FROM NUCLEUS AND ASSOCIATED COSTS.

TRAVEL TIME

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SERVICE

Public library

Gym

Park

Public pool

Mental health

Hospital

G.P

Fresh produce market

Supermarket

Tertiary

High school

Primary school

Pre-school

Provision of Services with Respect to Travel Time from Nucleus and Associated Costs.

Looking at the relationship between travel time to programmes and services in relation to costs associated with service we found that more expensive services were located further from our site.

ear\Studio\Week 02\Faith's diagram.3dm

TRAVEL TIME TO SERVICE

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

Pre-school Primary school High school Tertiary Supermarket Fresh produce market

G.P

IAT

ICE

N TA DIS

Hospital

ICE

Mental health Public pool Park Gym Public library

ktop\Master of Architecture\Third Year\Studio\Week 02\Faith's diagram.3dm

3D Representation of Relationship between Travel Time, Costs and Distance.

In 3D we can identify clear gaps in essential programmes and services across our site as well as a wide spread distribution.

BOURNE 2046VISION VISION- OURNE 2046

BOURNE LBOURNE2046 2046VISION VISION- -

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

ELBOURNE2046 2046VISION VISION- LBOURNE

Experimenting with Different Ways of Moving People on SIte

After observing the restricted movement of people in, around and across our site we started playing with different ways of moving people from a to b. We looked at the raised footpath above the ground plane. Playing with different levels and a delineation between pedestrians and motor vehicles we started to re-imagine the strip. 31

MELBOURNE 2046 VISION - Design Proposal

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

Ground Level - Pedestrian Walkway

Elevated Level - Pedestrian Walkway

MELBOURNE 2046 VISION - Design Proposal Ground Level - Pedestrian Walkway Basement 1 - Travellator Elevated Level - Pedestrian Walkway

Basement 2 - Subway Metro Basement 1 - Travellator CONTINUOCITY Based on Fookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Theory, a city responds to all forms of social, technological, cultural and economic issues. Every city has its own existing nucleus. Our response revolves around the analysis of the site. It comprises of multiple steps in which we feel is plausible for Melbourne in 2046. Basement 2 - Subway Metro - First is the need to clear up the ground level (Ease out on Vehicular Traffic) - Allow for connectivity and accessibility on multiple levels CONTINUOCITY - Balance between the work, greenery, time saved from travelling - Multi-layered city suited for various users and amenities. Based on Fookâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Theory, a city responds to all forms of social, technological, cultural and economic own existing nucleus. Our response revolves around the Essentially, our issues. focus isEvery to trycity blurhas theits arbritrary boundaries between the city and the suburbs, analysis of theand site.the It comprises multiple steps in which we feel is plausible for Melbourne to merge amenties communityoftogether. in 2046. Experimenting

with Design

- First is the need to clear up the ground level (Ease out on Vehicular Traffic) - Allow for connectivity and accessibility on multiple levels - Balance between the work, greenery, time saved from travelling Continuing tocity look at how to move people more efficiently and - Multi-layered suited for various users and amenities.

without obstruction we became interested in ideas of continuity. One way to achieve a more continuous and obstacle free movement of people is to play with the ground planes. In this early diagrammatic representation of a design proposal for 2046 we Essentially, our focus is to try blur the arbritrary boundaries between the city and the suburbs, looked at the following interventions: to merge amenties and the community together. - Clearing up the ground level (Ease out on Vehicular Traffic) - Allow for connectivity and accessibility on multiple levels - Balance between the work, greenery, time saved from travelling - Multi-layered city suited for various users and amenities. Essentially, our focus here was to try to blur the arbitrary boundaries between the city, the suburbs, and within the city and suburbs. We wanted to merge amenities and bring the community together. 32

MELBOURNE 2046 VISION - Impact Forecast

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

Impact Forecast

An exercise of urban acupuncture allowed us to identify key points of congestion across our site which serve as good points of intervention for a different treatment of the ground planes and a re-imagining of how we move people and start to break down boundaries.

MELBOURNE 2046 VISION - Impact Forecast

FA MI L I ARI SA TI O N WI TH SI TE

Impact Forecast

These points of intervention serve as nodes from which we can riff off to begin to spread our interventions and permeate the spaces on the the stripâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s periphery.

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 Week 03 Presentation

ith a solid understanding of our site and its inhabitants in 2016 we embarked on a research phase where we looked at current projections for what Melbourne will be like in 2046. This exercise

enabled us to begin to identify various opportunities for possible interventions on our site in the future.

- THE ECONOMIST-

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

CATEGORIES OF ASSESSMENT STABILITY/SAFETY

HEALTHCARE

CULTURE & ENVIRONMENT

EDUCATION

INFRASTRUCTURE

Melbourne Most Liveable City?

Looking at Melbourne as a liveable city we saw a disconnect between the criteria by which The Economist rates Melbourne as the most liveable city and the reality of living according to these criteria along our strip. The main disconnect pertained to infrastructure and education across our site. We also found that these criteria fail to recognise many other quantitative and qualitative qualities that contribute to a liveable, efficient and happy city. 40

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

CRITIQUE: LIVEABLE CITY CRITERIA

THE CRITERIA FOR THE LIVEABLE CITY STANDARDS REVOLVE MAINLY AROUND INDIVIDUALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CITY. EACH CHARACTER IS ANALYSED SINGULARLY, WITHOUT MUCH OVERLAPS OR CONSIDERATION FOR INTERCONNECTIVITY WE BELIEVE THAT A LIVEABLE CITY HAS ITS ELEMENTS INTERCONNECTED AND INTERDEPENDENT ON ONE ANOTHER. THE INDIVIDUAL DISAPPEARS AND EACH RELY ON ONE ANOTHER.

Melbourne Most Liveable City?

The criteria for the liveable city standards revolve mainly around individualistic characteristics of a city. Each character is analysed singularly, without much overlap or consideration for interconnectivity. We believe that a liveable city has its elements interconnected and interdependent. 41

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

UNDERSTANDING VOIDS BOUNDARIES UNDERSTANDING VOIDS ANDAND BOUNDARIES UNDERSTANDING VOIDS AND BOUNDARIES

We keep the their WITHIN comfort WE KEEP THE INDIVIDUAL WITHIN HIS WE individual KEEP THE within INDIVIDUAL HISzone. WE KEEP THE INDIVIDUAL WITHIN HIS NECESSITIES ARE COMFORT ZONE. THE COMFORT ZONE. THE NECESSITIES ARE is The necessities are provided, however, there COMFORT ZONE. THE NECESSITIES ARE PROVIDED. HOWEVER IS LITTLE PROVIDED. THERETHERE IS LITTLE little to noHOWEVER access toHOWEVER the - very few PROVIDED. THERE ISneighbours LITTLE NO ACCESS THE NEIGHBOURS. TO NOTO ACCESS TO THETONEIGHBOURS. NO NO TO NO ACCESS TO THEboundaries. NEIGHBOURS. NOBOUNDARIES. CONNECTIONS, ONLY connections, only CONNECTIONS, ONLY BOUNDARIES. CONNECTIONS, ONLY BOUNDARIES.

ONE LEVEL UPcomes COMES THE corridor CORRIDOR,- a space OneLEVEL level the ONE UP up COMES THE CORRIDOR, ONE LEVEL UP COMES THESUPPOSEDLY CORRIDOR, TO CONNECT THE A SPACE A supposedly SPACE SUPPOSEDLY TO CONNECT THE to connect the residents to the lobby A SPACE SUPPOSEDLY TO CONNECT RESIDENTS THETHE LOBBY ANDOTHER THE OTHER RESIDENTS TO THETOLOBBY AND THE RESIDENTS TO THE LOBBY AND THE OTHER andNEIGHBOURS. the other neighbours. However, this has BUT THISSERVED HAS SERVED NEIGHBOURS. BUT THIS HAS TO TO NEIGHBOURS. BUT DIVIDE. THIS HAS SERVED TO EACH DOES HIS OWN. units buffered by a DIVIDE. EACH HIS served toDOES divide -OWN. discrete DIVIDE. EACH DOES HIS OWN.

THELEVE NEX THE NEXT THE NEXT LEVEL UP COMES T TH AND AND THE FE AND THE FENCE, SEPARA EACH SEPARATED BY SEPARATED BY A FENCE, REGULAS REGULATIONS REGULATIONS TO PROMOTE

corridor zone.

Melbourne 2046 Understanding Voids and Boundaries

The singular and isolated way in which The Economist rates cities is indicative of the way that we conceive of cities and spaces in general. Our spaces are largely dictated by boundaries and borders which promote an individualistic and disparate way of living - this is what we are trying to understand in order to push against. 42

CORRIDOR, NNECT THE THE OTHER SERVED TO

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

THE NEXT UP COMES THE PAVEMENT The next level up LEVEL comes the pavement and the THE NEXT LEVEL UPUP COMES THE PAVEMENT THE NEXT LEVEL COMES THE PAVEMENT AND THE FENCE, EACH BUILDING IS fence; building is separated AND THE FENCE, EACH IS IS by a fence, AND THEeach FENCE, EACHBUILDING BUILDING SEPARATED BY A FENCE, SETBACKS AND SEPARATED AND SEPARATED BYA AFENCE, FENCE,SETBACKS SETBACKS AND privacy. setbacksBYand regulations to promote REGULATIONS TO PROMOTE PRIVACY. REGULATIONS TOTO PROMOTE PRIVACY. REGULATIONS PROMOTE PRIVACY.

FORand accessibility, CONNECTIVITY the Purposed PURPOSED for connectivity PURPOSED FOR CONNECTIVITY PURPOSED FOR CONNECTIVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY, THE STREET IS street is common place in any AND ACCESSIBILITY, THE STREET IS IS suburb/district. AND ACCESSIBILITY, THE STREET COMMONPLACE IN ANY SUBURB/DISTRICT. COMMONPLACE IN IN ANY SUBURB/DISTRICT. COMMONPLACE ANY SUBURB/DISTRICT.with its little cul Yet, it splits neighbourhood YET the IT SPLITS THE NEIGHBOURHOOD WITH YET IT IT SPLITS THE NEIGHBOURHOOD WITH YET SPLITS THE NEIGHBOURHOOD WITH ITS LITTLE CUL DE SACS. deLITTLE sacs. ITSITS LITTLE CUL DEDE SACS. CUL SACS.

Melbourne 2046 Understanding Voids and Boundaries

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 WE KEEP THE INDIVIDUAL WITHIN HIS COMFORT ZONE. THE NECESSITIES ARE PROVIDED. HOWEVER THERE IS LITTLE TO NO ACCESS TO THE NEIGHBOURS. NO CONNECTIONS, ONLY BOUNDARIES.

ONE LEVEL UP COMES THE CORRIDOR, A SPACE SUPPOSEDLY TO CONNECT THE RESIDENTS TO THE LOBBY AND THE OTHER NEIGHBOURS. BUT THIS HAS SERVED TO DIVIDE. EACH DOES HIS OWN.

THE NEXT LEVEL UP AND THE FENCE SEPARATED BY A REGULATIONS TO P

TRAVELLING INTO THE CITY, THE BUILT FABRIC IS SEGREGATED INTO ITS WALLS, GLASS, EACH BUILDING HAS ITS OWN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS.

THE ADJACENCY IS NO LONGER CRUCIAL. APART FROM THE VISUAL CONNECTIONS, PEOPLE DO NOT SEE THE NEED TO CONNECT TO ONE ANOTHER.

THE 2-DIMENSION ALLOCATES AND Z HARDLY ANY INF LOGIC. THIS STRU BOUNDED.

Melbourne 2046 Understanding Voids and Boundaries

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

CORRIDOR, NECT THE THE OTHER ERVED TO

THE NEXT LEVEL UP COMES THE PAVEMENT AND THE FENCE, EACH BUILDING IS SEPARATED BY A FENCE, SETBACKS AND REGULATIONS TO PROMOTE PRIVACY.

PURPOSED FOR CONNECTIVITY AND ACCESSIBILITY, THE STREET IS COMMONPLACE IN ANY SUBURB/DISTRICT. YET IT SPLITS THE NEIGHBOURHOOD WITH ITS LITTLE CUL DE SACS.

CRUCIAL. NECTIONS, NEED TO

THE 2-DIMENSIONAL GRID SEGREGATES, ALLOCATES AND ZONES PROGRAMS WITH HARDLY ANY INFORMED PURPOSE OR LOGIC. THIS STRUCTURE IS RIGID AND BOUNDED.

THE 3-DIMENSIONAL GRID COULD POSSIBLY SERVE AS A REDISTRIBUTION FACTOR, THE CITY BEGINS TO MIX, THE INDIVIDUAL IS NO LONGER A PRIORI.

Melbourne 2046 Understanding Voids and Boundaries

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 TWO-PRONG: MIND AND SPATIAL VOIDS CONCEPTUALLY, THIS DIAGRAM REPRESENTS TWO ELEMENTS, THE HUMAN MIND AND THE CITY. WITH ONLY 6% OF THE MIND BEING USED, WHAT HAPPENS TO THE REST OF THE VOIDS? JUST LIKE THE CITY, URBAN VOIDS WITHIN SPACES ARE THRESHOLDS DICTATED BY RULES AND REGULATIONS. WE NEED TO CHALLENGE AND INTERROGATE THE PROGRAMS ADJACENT AND DERIVE NEW AREAS FOR OPPORTUNITIES.

WE DRAW CONCLUSIONS BASED ON O EXPERIENCE OF THINGS. THIS IS SYNAPSIS. WE LINKS TO PROMPT OUR ACTIONS OR TH YET WE NEED TO DELVE INTO THE POSSIBIL GREATER INTERACTIONS. EXPOSURE RECONCILE UNEXPLORED NODES OF T

Mind and Spatial Voids 46

Conceptually, this diagram represents two elements; the human mind and the city.

and regulations, we need to challenge and interrogate the programmes adjacent and derive new areas for op[opportunities.

It is speculated that on average most humans only 6 per cent of their minds. We begin to conceive of the dormant regions of the brain - the inactive areas - as conceptual voids. What happens t these voids?

We draw conclusions based on our past experience of things. This is synapsis, we develop links to prompt our actions or thoughts. Yet we need to delve into the possibilities for greater interactions. Exposure reconciles other unexplored nodes of the mind.

Just like the city, urban voids within spaces are thresholds dictated by rules

M ANALYSIS

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

CLOSED SYSTEM (ISOLATED SYSTEM)

OPEN SYSTEM

PHYSICAL SYSTEMS THAT DOES NOT ALLOW FOR CERTAIN TYPES OF TRANSFERS, IN OR OUT OF THE SYSTEM.

Systems Analysis

A SYSTEM WITH EXTERNAL INTERACTIONS SUCH THAT THESE INTERACTIONS CAN TAKE FORM OF INFOMRATION, ENERGY AND MATERIAL TRANSFERS IN OR OUT OF ITS BOUNDARIES.

Closed System (isolated and discrete parts working together) - Physical systems that do not allow for certain types of transfers in or out of the system. The system works very well as a closed unit, however, it is unable to easily adapt or hybridise with other systems. Open System - A system with external interactions such that these interactions can take form of information, energy and material transfers in or out of its boundaries.

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

Systems Analysis

Complex System Systems which are composed of many components which interact with one another to produce characteristics which involve feedback loops, spontaneous generation, emergent and hierarchical organisations. Behaviours cannot be described but their qualities can only be observed through the numerous relationships between their components. Complex Adaptive System These systems are not only diverse in their composition of multiple inter-connective systems or elements but also have the capacity to adapt by changing or learning from experience. For example, the brain, the stock market, immune systems and ecosystems. 49

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

BOUNDARIES AND VOIDED SPACES

MIND & SPACE

NARROW-MINDED

PROGRAMMABLE POSSIBILITIES

99& HYBRIDIZED 50

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 Exploration of Boundaries and Voided Spaces

These concept diagrams are a representation of how our minds often limit the way we interact with people, places and things. We are largely creatures of habit that fail to take full advantage of opportunities if they are not immediately obvious or in our daily routine. These behavioural trends limit interaction,

collaboration and innovative uses of space. A city (or cluster of communities) that is more interconnected and collaborative can be far more resilient than one that is comprised on individuals working in isolation.

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

EVOLUTION OF UNDERSTANDINGS OF BOUNDARIES AND VOIDS - 2016.

2016.

EACH PROGRAM HAS ITS OWN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS. IN ORDER TO BECOME A UNIFIED HYBRIDIZED WHOLE, ELEMENTS NEED TO OVERLAP 3-DIMENSIONALLY, NOT SUPERFLUOUSLY. ESSENTIALLY THERE IS A CONTINUATION BETWEEN USER-USER, SPACESPACE AND USER AND SPACE. Evolution of Understandings of Boundaries and Voids

Each programme has its own individual characteristics. In order to become a unified hybridised whole, elements need to overlap 3-dimensionally, not superfluously. Essentially, there is a continuation between user-user, space-space and user-space. 52

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

2046.

Melbourne 2046 Understanding Voids and Boundaries

We promote a more interconnected, hybridised and blurred vision for 2046.

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 EACH PROGRAM HAS ITS OWN INDIVIDUAL CHARACTERISTICS. IN ORDER TO BECOME A UNIFIED HYBRIDIZED WHOLE, ELEMENTS NEED TO OVERLAP 3-DIMENSIONALLY, NOT SUPERFLUOUSLY. ESSENTIALLY THERE IS A CONTINUATION BETWEEN USER-USER, SPACESPACE AND USER AND SPACE.

PROGRAMMATIC CLUSTERS

‘MIXED USED’ TYPOLOGY

Evolution of Understanding of Boundaries and Voids

POLOGY

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

50% HYBRIDIZED

99% HYBRIDIZED

Evolution of Understanding of Boundaries and Voids

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 5.79 million

2016

10 million

2046

ROJECTIONS

65 + Y. 1 8 - 6 O. A 4 0 - 1 7 Y. O . Y. O A .A

ECONOMIC GROWTH Economic Growth

Population POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS Demographics

VICTORIA

Current Trends forDEMOGRAPHIC Melbourne 2046 POPULATION VERSUS ECONOMIC GROWTH (GDP INCREASE 2.5% / YR) 2016-2046 Victoria Population Demographics versus Economic Growrth (GDP Increase 2.5% / Yr)

2016 - 2046 Looking at population data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) we found that Victoriaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population is set to rise over the next 30 years. This increase is not evenly distributed across age groups. In 2046 the greatest increase in age brackets will occur in the 65+ group, followed by 18-64 and then 0-17 y.o.a. This means that we will have to increasingly support a growing aging population with a proportionally smaller workforce. 56

PROJECTIONS

2016

2046

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

AV E R A

AVERA

YIN

G C A RA

TEMPERATURES RISE BETWEEN 0.6 - 1.2 DEGREES

EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS TO INCREASE IN INCIDENTS AND INTENSITY. E.G. EXTREME FIRE TO INCREASE FROM 4-70%

CARR

GE T EM

CARRYING CAPACITY OF AGRICULTURAL LAND WILL LESSEN.

RAINFALL DECREASE BY 5%.

VICTORIA Current Trends for Melbourne 2046 CLIMATIC CHANGES VERSUS LAND’S CARRYING CAPACITY 2016-2046

Victoria Climatic Changes Versus Land’s Carrying Capacity 2016 - 2046 Looking at climatic projections for Victoria and Australia from the Climate Council we found that over the next 30 years average temperatures are set to rise between 0.5 - 1.2 degrees; that rainfall is set to decrease; more incidents of extreme weather events; and a general degradation of the carrying capacity of the land. This troubling data stresses the need for design in 2046 to address issues of climate adaptation and mitigation. 57

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

Where to now?

Current programmatic configurations and ways of designing and planning will be made increasingly inefficient and redundant in 2046. We need to look at new hybridized ways of doing and being in the city. We need to look at hybridisation which we define as â&#x20AC;&#x153;the process of brining

together two complementary entities to create wonderful and unexpected new ways of operating through which previously unimaginable relationships can emerge. In doing so, we make more efficient use of shared spaces and infrastructure in a way that ensures that things do not exist in isolation and risk becoming redundant.

2046

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

PLACES OR SPACES WHICH HAS THE CAPABILITIES TO RESTORE OR RENEW ONESELF OR SOMETHING

PLACES OR SPACES WHICH OR WHEREBY IDEAS, MATERIAL, INFORMATION OR ENERGY IS TRANSFERRED OR SWAPPED AS AN ACT OF GIVING OR RECYCLING SOMETHING

PLACES OR SPACES WHICH ALLOW ONESELF TO MAINTAIN OR SUPPORT THEMSELVES AT A MINIMAL LEVEL

PLACES OR SPACES THAT FORCES, AIDS OR PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES FOR THINKING, INNOVATION, CREATIVITY OR REFLECTION

PLACES OR SPACES WHICH GROUPS, COMMUNITIES OR INDIVIDUALS SHARE A SOCIAL, OR CULTURAL RELATIONSHIP CONNECTION WITH

Possible Programmes for 2046

In designing for 2046 we needed to re-consider what a city 30 years from now would require in terms of services and amenities. We categorised them under general headings - rejuvenation, exchange, subsistence, conception and symbolism. 59

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 RETHINKING PROGRAMS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY Re-Thinking Programmes for the 21st Century

Academics Professors Teachers Sports Cultural[edit] Actors Clergy Musicians Philosophers Visual artists Writers Singers Film directors Art directors Make up artists Dancers

Interpreters Insurers Attorney at law, Advocates and Solicitors Librarians Statisticians Surveyors Urban planners Human resources Sales Marketing Realtors Finance

Anesthesiologists Audiologists Chiropractors Dentists Dietitians Doctors Medical Laboratory Scientists Midwives Nurses Occupational therapists Optometrists Pathologists Pharmacists Physical therapists Physicians Psychologists Radiographers Radiotherapists Speech-language pathologists Surgeons Accountants Actuaries Agriculturists Architects Economists Engineers

Firefighters Judges Military officers Police officers Transport[edit] Air traffic controllers Aircraft pilots Sea captains Scientists Astronomers Biologists Botanists Ecologists Geneticists Immunologists Paleontologists Pharmacologists Virologists Zoologists Chemists Geologists Meteorologists Oceanographers Physicists

HEALTHCARE UTILITIES & AMENITIES RESTAURANTS CAFES RECREATIONAL ENTERTAINMENT PUBLIC SPACE HEALTH AND FITNESS

HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DW

SUPERMARKETS/GROCE SCHOOL/EDUCATION

INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACT AGRICULTURE TRANSPORTATION COMMERCIAL/RETAIL WORKPLACE/OFFICE

Programmers Web developers Designers Graphic designers Web designers

PRE 2016

2016 60

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

URY Re-Thinking Programmes for the 21st Century

w, Advocates and Solicitors

s ces

] rollers

s s sts

s rs

HEALTHCARE UTILITIES & AMENITIES RESTAURANTS CAFES RECREATIONAL ENTERTAINMENT PUBLIC SPACE HEALTH AND FITNESS HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DWELLING SUPERMARKETS/GROCER/STORE SCHOOL/EDUCATION

SPACES OF EXCHANGE SPACES OF REJUVENATION SPACES OF SUBSISTENCE SPACES OF CONCEPTION SPACES OF SYMBOLISM

INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURE TRANSPORTATION COMMERCIAL/RETAIL WORKPLACE/OFFICE

ners s

2016

2046? 61

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

RETHINKING PROGRAMS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Re-Thinking Programmes for the 21st Century

Academics Professors Teachers Sports Cultural[edit] Actors Clergy Musicians Philosophers Visual artists Writers Singers Film directors Art directors Make up artists Dancers

Interpreters Insurers Attorney at law, Advocates and Solicitors Librarians Statisticians Surveyors Urban planners Human resources Sales Marketing Realtors Finance

HEALTHCARE UTILITIES & AMENITIES RESTAURANTS CAFES RECREATIONAL ENTERTAINMENT PUBLIC SPACE HEALTH AND FITNESS TRANSPORTATION

HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DW

SUPERMARKETS/GROCE SCHOOL/EDUCATION

INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACT AGRICULTURE COMMERCIAL/RETAIL WORKPLACE/OFFICE

Programmers Web developers Designers Graphic designers Web designers

PRE 2016

2016

TURY

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046 Re-Thinking Programmes for the 21st Century

w, Advocates and Solicitors

rs rces

ers s t] trollers

ts ts ists

ts ers

HEALTHCARE UTILITIES & AMENITIES RESTAURANTS CAFES RECREATIONAL ENTERTAINMENT PUBLIC SPACE HEALTH AND FITNESS TRANSPORTATION HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DWELLING SUPERMARKETS/GROCER/STORE

SPACES OF EXCHANGE SPACES OF REJUVENATION SPACES OF SUBSISTENCE SPACES OF CONCEPTION SPACES OF SYMBOLISM

SCHOOL/EDUCATION INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING AGRICULTURE COMMERCIAL/RETAIL WORKPLACE/OFFICE

ers

gners rs

2016

2046?

AN AREA FOR POSSIBLE HYBRIDISATION

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

AGE CARE

INFANCY

EDUCATION

INFANCY

EDUCATION

CAREER/WORKFORCE

CAREER-WORKFORCE

RETIREMENT

SENIOR CITIZENS

Aged Care in 2046

A Possible Moment for Intervention

We currently think of aged care in an unsustainable and often depressing manner. We fail to harness the usefulness and utility of our retired population who, very often, have invaluable skills and knowledge. With an increasing aging population, in 2046 it would be remiss not to look at new and more sustainable ways of designing for an aging population - ways to make for a more interdependent and resilient community. 64

AN AREA FOR POSSIBLE HYBRIDISATION

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

AGE CARE INFANCY INFANCY

EDUCATION

CAREER-WORKFORCE

EDUCATION

CAREER/WORKFORCE

RETIREMENT RETIREMENT

SENIOR CITIZENS SENIOR CITIZENS

EXPERIENCE / NURTURERS EXPERIENCE / NURTURERS

TEACHERS TEACHERS

COOKS COOKS

HORTICULTURISTS HORTICULTURISTS HOBBYISTS/SKILLS HOBBYISTS/SKILLED

Aged Care in 2046

A Possible Moment for Intervention

The hybrid emerges with the conflation of education, retirement and aged care. Harnessing the knowledge and wisdom of our most experienced citizens to facilitate ex-chance, nurturing, care and education of our youth.

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

s Academics s Professors Teachers Sports dit] Cultural[edit] Actors Clergy Musicians ers Philosophers sts Visual artists Writers Singers torsFilm directors ors Art directors rtists Make up artists Dancers

Interpreters Academics Interpreters Interpreters Insurers Professors Insurers Insurers Attorney at law, Advocates andAdvocates Solicitors Attorney at law, andatSolicitors Teachers Attorney law, Advocates and Solicitors Librarians Librarians Sports Librarians Statisticians Statisticians Cultural[edit] Statisticians Surveyors Surveyors Actors Surveyors Urban planners Urban planners Clergy Urban planners Human resources Human resources Human resources Musicians Sales PhilosophersSales Sales Marketing Visual artistsMarketing Marketing Realtors Realtors Writers Realtors Finance Singers Finance Finance Film directors Firefighters Art directorsFirefighters Firefighters Judges Judges Make up artists Judges Military officers Military officers Dancers Military officers Police officersPolice officers Police officers ologists Anesthesiologists Transport[edit] Transport[edit] Anesthesiologists Transport[edit] sts Audiologists AirAudiologists traffic controllers Air traffic controllers Air traffic controllers torsChiropractors Aircraft pilots Aircraft pilots Chiropractors Aircraft pilots Sea captains Sea captains Dentists Dentists Sea captains Dietitians Dietitians Scientists Doctors Doctors Scientists Scientists aboratory Scientists Medical Laboratory Astronomers Scientists Astronomers Medical Laboratory Scientists Astronomers Biologists Midwives Midwives Biologists Biologists Botanists Nurses Botanists Nurses Botanists nal Occupational therapists therapists Ecologists OccupationalEcologists therapists Ecologists sts Optometrists Geneticists OptometristsGeneticists Geneticists sts Pathologists Immunologists PathologistsImmunologists Immunologists sts Pharmacists Paleontologists PharmacistsPaleontologists Paleontologists herapists Physical therapists Pharmacologists Pharmacologists Physical therapists Pharmacologists s Physicians Virologists Physicians Virologists Virologists gistsPsychologists Zoologists Zoologists Psychologists Zoologists hersRadiographers Chemists Chemists Radiographers Chemists apists Geologists Radiotherapists Geologists Radiotherapists Geologists nguage pathologists pathologists Meteorologists Speech-language Meteorologists Speech-language pathologists Meteorologists Oceanographers Surgeons Surgeons Oceanographers Oceanographers Physicists Physicists Physicists nts Accountants Accountants Programmers Actuaries Actuaries Programmers Programmers ists Agriculturists Web developers Web developers Agriculturists Web developers Designers Architects Architects Designers Designers ts Economists Graphic designers Graphic designers Graphic designers Economists Web designers Engineers Web designers Engineers Web designers

HEALTHCAREHEALTHCARE

HEALTHCARE

UTILITIES & AMENITIES UTILITIES & AMENITIES UTILITIES & AMENITIES RESTAURANTS RESTAURANTS

RESTAURANTS

CAFES

RECREATIONAL RECREATIONAL

RECREATIONAL

ENTERTAINMENT ENTERTAINMENT

ENTERTAINMENT

PUBLIC SPACE PUBLIC SPACE

PUBLIC SPACE

SPACES OF EXCHANGE SPACES OF EXCHANGE SPACES OF EXCH

HEALTH AND HEALTH FITNESSAND FITNESS HEALTH AND FITNESS

SPACES OF REJUVENATION SPACES OF REJUVENATION SPACES OF REJU

TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION TRANSPORTATION

SPACES OF SUBSISTENCE SPACES OF SUBSISTENCE SPACES OF SUBS

HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DWELLING HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DWELLING HOME/RESIDENTIAL/DWELLING

SPACES OF CONCEPTION SPACES OF CONCEPTION SPACES OF CONC

SPACES OF SYMBOLISM SPACES OF SYMB SUPERMARKETS/GROCERY STORESUPERMARKETS/GROCERY SUPERMARKETS/GROCERY STORE STORE SPACES OF SYMBOLISM SCHOOL/EDUCATION SCHOOL/EDUCATIONSCHOOL/EDUCATION INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIAL/MANUFACTURING AGRICULTUREAGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURE

COMMERCIAL/RETAIL COMMERCIAL/RETAILCOMMERCIAL/RETAIL WORKPLACE/OFFICE WORKPLACE/OFFICEWORKPLACE/OFFICE

A Possible Moment for Intervention

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

VS. INTERACTION & AWARENESS

CONVENIENCE

NURTURING & CARE

DIVERSITY

REAL EFFICIENCY

“TIME EFFICIENT”

MINIMAL WASTAGE

WARPED PERSPECTIVE OF CONVENIENCE

SENSE OF COMMUNITY

EMBODIED ENERGY

COMMON CULTURE

MATERIAL AND ENERGY INEFFICIENCIES

SHARED PUBLIC SPACE

IGNORANCE OF PROCESSES

SPREADING THE LOAD

EXCESSIVE WASTAGE

SPACE LIMITATIONS

INCREASINGLY EXPENSIVE

LIMITED/NO DIVERSITY

HOME KITCHEN A Possible Moment for Intervention

LOOKI N G TO WA RDS 2046

DIAGRAMMATIC POSTULATION LOCAL FRESH MARKET/GROCER

COURTYARD TYPOLOGY (POSSIBILITIES FOR HYBRID/EMERGENCE)

EMERGENCE OF NEW SHARED SPACES (COURTYARDS)

COMMUNITY GARDEN/ LOCAL CROP PRODUCTION

LOCAL COMMUNITY KITCHEN

TEACHING AND LEARNING SPACES

HYBRID FUNCTIONS & PROGRAMS (NON-DICTATED)

OPPORTUNITIES FOR LOCAL AGRICULTURE (URBAN CROPPING)

A possible Moment for Intervention

Diagrammatic Postulation of a Possible 2046 Hybrid

M E TH O DO LO G Y Complex Adaptive Modelling Quelea Plug In

ith the projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s conceptual framework and goals in place, we employed complex adaptive modelling (CAM) as our prime method. CAM allows us to quickly produce an exciting system where agents can adapt, emerge, and recur according to base parameters. We are able to program features like complexity, emergence and self-organisation to agents within a defined system resulting in a high degree of adaptive capacity and resilience. It

allows us to review multiple scenarios spawning from a single set of base parameters in order to design for 2046. Our model uses programmes as agents which seek population growth according to a series of parameters. Due to obvious constraints, we limited our site to one suburb of Melbourne, East Melbourne, which offers many opportunities for 2046 as it is centrally located, has low population density, and lacks essential services.

S I T E A N A LY SI S A N D RE SE A RC H Melbourne City - Exploring Axonometric Analysis

fter interrogating the programmatic conditions in Melbourne and deciding on our prime methodology, we looked at Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population today and projected population going forward.

Melbourne is looking at a population growth of approximately 2.3 million people in the next 30 years, from 4.29 million today to 6.61 in 2046. The majority of this growth is occurring at the urban fringe.

Population Growth

S I T E A N A LY SI S A N D RE SE A RC H Travel Time Across City

Knowing that the population is set to rise significantly in 2046 and that a lot of that growth will be a great distance from the city, we thought it necessary to look at peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s access to the city and other suburbs in terms of time and transport.

We compared times traveling across the city for public transport versus private car and found the car to be more time efficient. It is important to note that due to constraints we derived these numbers as averages and that there are of course significant variances in travel time depending on time of day.

TRAVEL TIME_ACROSS CITY

S I T E A N A LY SI S A N D RE SE A RC H Travel Time Suburb to Suburb

Looking at mobility and access between suburbs we found that by public transport you more often than not have to travel into the city to access an adjacent suburb. This is exceedingly time consuming and inefficient. Such

a system encourages people to use cars to gain access to programmes and services not immediately accessible in their own municipality. This in turn places undue pressure on roads and infrastructure.

TRAVEL TIME_SUBURB TO SUBURB

P OPU LA TI O N DE N SI TY STU DI E S 2016

Going beyond gross population data, we looked at how population was distributed across Melbourne in terms of density (people/hectare). Using Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) demographic data to interrogate population density we observed a correlation between property prices, the gross number of people within a municipality and density.

Within a municipality, lower property prices generally result in a greater number of residents distributed less densely. These municipalities generally have less access to amenities and services but most have a greater number of cars per household. We can identify a planning focus on mobility rather than access.

POPULATION DENSITY 2016

SUBURBAN BREAKDOWN_1-9

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

POPULATION DENSITY 2016

SUBURBAN BREAKDOWN_10-18

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

POPULATION DENSITY 2016

SUBURBAN BREAKDOWN_19-27

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

P OPU LA TI O N DE N SI TY STU DI E S 2046

Projecting to 2046, we observed that municipalities that are increasing at the greatest percentage of their gross population from 2016 are those with lower property prices and low population density. This can be classified as an urban sprawl, where people are forced to the

periphery because they cannot afford to live closer. This has direct effects on peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s access to services and forces them to be more reliant on means of mobility â&#x20AC;&#x201C; most commonly the car.

POPULATION DENSITY 2046

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

POPULATION DENSITY 2046

SUBURBAN BREAKDOWN_1-9

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

POPULATION DENSITY 2046

SUBURBAN BREAKDOWN_10-18

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

POPULATION DENSITY 2046

SUBURBAN BREAKDOWN_19-27

METROPOLITAN MELBOURNE (PERSONS / HECTARE)

O PPO RTU N I TI E S A RI SI N G Access and Hybridisation

rom our population density study we saw two opportunities arise. First, the need for hybridisation. As the population increases within municipalities so too do the required programmes and services. To accommodate these new programmes and services in an exciting and efficient way, we need to look at hybridised spaces. These spaces are more efficient in

terms time and access, and offer opportunities for interesting and unexpected spatial qualities. Second, we saw the opportunity to focus on access rather than mobility. A focus on mobility seems to have encouraged urban sprawl and become time inefficient.

Hybridisation 91

SEMERGENCE 2046 PROPERTIES 2046

Access Versus Mobility 92

R ET U R N TO C O N C E PT A N D A P P LI C A TI O N O N SI TE Programmatic Analysis, The Voids and The Boundaries

e researched and analysed the urban conditions of Melbourne in order to think about what Melbourne could be like in 2046. We observed that today the majority of programmes are treated as discrete units. The boundaries of these units produce distinct boundaries which, in turn, create voids. We understand these

voids as spaces that hold exciting opportunities for intervention. Going forward, ideas of boundaries and voids offer a way of analysing sites to find spatial opportunities for intervention within the existing built environment.

PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISTURBIA

Programmatic Analysis, The Voids and The Boundaries 95

PROGRAMMATIC ANALYSIS OPPORTUNITIES FOR DISTURBIA

Programmatic Analysis, The Voids and The Boundaries 96

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY

OPPORTUNITISTIC VOIDS AND BOUNDARIES

Programmatic Analysis, The Voids and The Boundaries 97

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY

OPPORTUNITISTIC VOIDS AND BOUNDARIES

Analysis if the City Opportunistic Voids and Boundaries 98

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY

OPPORTUNITISTIC VOIDS AND BOUNDARIES

Analysis if the City Opportunistic Voids and Boundaries 99

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY

OPPORTUNITISTIC VOIDS AND BOUNDARIES

Analysis if the City Opportunistic Voids and Boundaries 100

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY

DETAILED AXONOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Analysis if the City Detailed Axonometric Analysis

In these diagrams we are abstracting ideas of voids and boundaries to see how they affect our lives physically and emotionally. Boundaries and their respective voids extend beyond the physical realm and into the human psyche. The way we design our cities effects how we behave and interact. We can often observe the individual as a bounded entity. 101

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY VICTORIA PARADE STUDIES

Analysis if the City Victoria Parade Studies

With a conceptual framework established for how we conceive boundaries and voids, we analysed our site according to these ideas in order to find opportunities for intervention later on. We observed not only a hierarchy of boundaries and respective voids, but also spectrum along which these boundaries and voids exist â&#x20AC;&#x201C; harsh to soft. 102

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY VELOCITY / DISTANCE / TIME

Analysis if the City Velocity/Distance/Time

103

ANALYSIS OF THE CITY VELOCITY / DISTANCE / TIME

Analysis if the City Velocity/Distance/Time

Continuing with our focus on Victoria st we began to look at the role of time in accessing programmes and services. We first assumed an unobstructed path on foot along Victoria Parade to calculate how long it would take to walk along it. We then delved deeper and looked at the time taken to traverse the site according to accessible pathways and modes of transport. 104

SUBURBAN_LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL TIME AXONOMET AXONOMETRIC

Analysis if the City Time Axonometric 105

SUBURBAN_MID-RISE DWELLING TIME AXONOMETRIC

Suburban Mid-Rise Dwelling Time Axonometric 106

CITY_HIGH-RISE DWELLING TIME AXONOMETRIC

City High Rise-Dwelling Time Axonometric 107

108

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM Quelea Plug In

ith the projects conceptual framework, site analysis, research and project goals in place, we employed complex adaptive modelling (CAM) as our prime method.

CAM allowed us to quickly produce an exciting system where agents can adapt, emerge, and recur according to base parameters. We are able to program features like complexity, emergence and self-organisation to agents within a defined system resulting in a high degree of adaptive capacity and resilience. It allows us to review multiple scenarios spawning from a single set of base parameters in order to design for 2046. Our model uses programmes as agents which seek population growth according to a series of parameters. Due to obvious constraints, we limited our site to one suburb of Melbourne, East Melbourne, which offers many opportunities for 2046 as it is centrally located, has low population density,

and lacks essential services. The agents for our CAM are transportation, primary and secondary education, tertiary education, commerce, places of work, residential, hospitals, and clinics. Their parametric criteria are size of unit, size limit, proportion of solid/ void, growth rate, agent responsiveness, and the relationships between agents and agents. With our agents and parameters established we constructed our CAM using Quelea in grasshopper. We were able to produce a scenario for 2046 where our programmatic agents are behaving in interesting and unexpected spatial configurations to serve the population. Observable are hybridised programmes between commerce, residential, healthcare, transport and education.

109

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT BASED MODELING AGENT RULESET I & II

Agent Rules 110

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT BASED MODELING AGENT RULESET III, IV & V

Agent Rules 111

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT BASED MODELING AGENT RULESET VI, VII & VIII

Agent Rules 112

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

URBAN APPLICATION AND ACUPUNCTURE EAST MELBOURNE SITE AXONOMETRIC

Site in which to run simulation 113

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

Agent Rules 114

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

Agent Rules 115

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

Agent Rules 116

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

Agent Rules 117

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT RELATIONSHIP DISTANCE BY TIME OVERALL EXPLODED SITE AXONOMETRIC

Outcomes 118

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT RELATIONSHIP DISTANCE BY TIME OUTCOME 1

Outcome 1 119

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT RELATIONSHIP DISTANCE BY TIME OUTCOME 2

Outcome 2 120

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT RELATIONSHIP DISTANCE BY TIME OUTCOME 3

Outcome 3 121

D E V E LO PM E N T O F CAM

AGENT RELATIONSHIP DISTANCE BY TIME OBSERVATIONS AND OUTCOMES

Hybrid Outcomes 122

123

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE Rationale

n order to create a more efficient and accessible city in 2046 we propose the adaptation of major transport routes in Melbourne into vibrant city arteries. The core systems to be developed and integrated along these arteries will be replicable and scalable across the city. And will be done so over time in stages. Transport arteries in Melbourne offer great opportunities for innovative development in the future. While in their current state most of Melbourne’s major transport routes are inefficient and unsustainable, with careful and specific interventions, they can evolve into wonderful and sustainable hubs to give life to the city. The interplay between the garden city movement, modernism and the industrial revolution have, unfortunately lead us to a situation where currently the vast majority of Melbourne’s transport routes are characterised by their singularity, inflexibility and inefficiency. The infrastructure that supports Melbourne’s transport routes is singular in who and what it serves; for the most part, it is centred on the car which transports people across a low density sprawling city. In other instances, transport infrastructure is focused on the tram, bus or train,

however, always in isolation. The inflexibility of Melbourne’s transport routes rests on the fact that the infrastructure cannot readily adapt to meeting changes in supply and demand. Issues of singularity and inflexibility coupled with outdated technologies and poorly designed urban frameworks add to the inefficiencies Melbourne’s transport routes. They are frequently unable to cope with population increases, transport innovations, city expansion, climate change and a raft of other factors. Issues of singularity, inflexibility and inefficiency compound to create a failing system. By 2030, it is estimated that 80% of the infrastructure in Australian cities will have been built prior to 2010. Combine with this the population projections for Melbourne and it is clear that transforming our cities for the future is intimately related to rationalising, utilising, diversifying and adapting existing transport infrastructure. An infrastructure system to support multiple people, programmes and services in a flexible and adaptive manner. The layering of different supportive programmes will create a system that exists in symbiosis not competition or conflict.

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TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE Rationale

In the first stage (2016-2026), we propose the introduction of a raised platform hovering above existing tram routes. On that platform would be a tiered travelator system to move people seamlessly. Simultaneously, the trams will be converted into mobile vessels for various programmes and services that slowly traverse the strip offering a dynamism and liveliness to the strip. With these two moves we distinguish between fast paced movement and slower spaces for interaction and meandering. In the second stage (2026-2036), we propose the addition of raised bicycle networks as well as the contraction and sinking of the road that services cars and buses. Here, our aim is to provide a safe and efficient route for cyclists while down-scaling our reliance on the motor vehicle. In doing so, we are able to provide greater open public space and traversable areas.

one place to another in a confined area; and second, the use of drones to transport larger items to various places beyond the strip. Throughout all stages, alternative energy production and carbon offset systems will be trickled into the urban fabric - algae tubing, vertical gardens, bio-energy, bio-mass, and solar energy are all systems to be explored. In addition, residential and programmatic units will crop up along the strip, complemented by public outdoor spaces. The systems identified share infrastructure and are able to overlap and support one another. In doing so, they diversify the infrastructure and help offset future risk. The aim of this replicable system is to create a resilient system to support a denser city in 2046 whose aim is to provide greater access to its inhabitants through proximity, affordability, hybridisation, time and efficiency.

In the third stage (2036-2046), with the reduction in the number of motor vehicles (which allow people to easily transport items) we propose the introduction of two pronged a courier service: first, the pneumatic tube system where individuals can shoot small items from

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TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE STRIPPING IT BACK - INFRASTRUCTURE

FINDING A COMMON THREAD TO TIE PROJECTS TOGETHER

FIRST POINT OF INTERVENTION â&#x20AC;&#x201C; FROM WHICH SYSTEMS CAN BE SCALED AND REPEATED BEYOND SITE.

Site Location 127

LARGE SCALE POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT ROUTES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

STAGE 1 (2016 – 2026)

CALE POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT ROUTES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

ON AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

STAGE 1 (2016 – 2026)

D INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

ORT INFRASTRUCTURE

STAGE 1 (2016 – 2026)

Stage 1 2016 - 2026 Large scale possibilities for adaptation and innovation of transport infrastructure across Melbourne. As we develop and innovate the major transport routes across inner Melbourne population directly adjacent to the strips will density and diversify - a way to contract and intensify Melbourne city’s population from 2016 to 2046. In the first general stage we propose converting the tram system into a slow cyclical system of moving programmes and retail services, such as laundromats, food “trucks”, bars etc. In this stage we also propose the introduction of a raised hierarchical travelator system to transport people seamlessly along these routes. . 128

LARGE SCALE POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT ROUTES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

STAGE 2 (2026 – 2036)

E POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

DRASTRUCTURE INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT ROUTES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

ND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

ASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

STAGE 2 (2026 – 2036)

RASTRUCTURE

STAGE 2 (2026 – 2036)

Stage 2 2026 - 2036 In the second general stage we propose the introduction of ground level and raised bicycle routes.

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LARGE SCALE POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT ROUTES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

Stage STAGE32(2036-2046) (2026 – 2036)

N AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

NFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

ALE POSSIBILITIES FOR ADAPTATION AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE

ND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT ROUTES AND INFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

Stage STAGE32(2036-2046) (2026 – 2036)

N AND INNOVATION OF TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE

NFRASTRUCTURE ACROSS MELBOURNE

Stage STAGE32(2036-2046) (2026 – 2036)

INFRASTRUCTURE

Stage STAGE32(2036-2046) (2026 – 2036)

Stage 3 2036 - 2046 In the third stage we propose sinking of the roads to free up the ground plane for pedestrian use as well as the introduction of a tiered courier service that is comprised of pneumatic tube system and a drones. 130

STAGES IN DETAIL

STAGE 1.1 (2016-2018) PREPARATION

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail Stage 1.1 (2016 - 2018) Preparation Stage 1.1 consists of form-work and framework preparations for stages to come. This first stage responds to inefficient existing conditions including poor access to public transport systems and the at times impenetrable barrier that the road becomes. 131

STAGES IN DETAIL

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

STAGE 1.2 (2019- 2025) travelator and transport highline

Stages in Detail Stage 1.2 (2019 - 2025) Travelator and Transport High-line

Stage 1.2 consists of the development of the tiered raised travelator system and the general transport high-line. This introduction improves access across the entire length of the site. The provision of multiple access points to the new travelator infrastructure ensures that it does not act as another impenetrable road. 132

STAGES IN DETAIL

STAGE 1.3 (2026- 2030) elevated cycling and additional stair and lift cores

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail Stage 1.3 (2026 - 2030) Elevated Cycling and Additional Stairs and Lift Cores.

Stage 1.3 consists of the development of the elevated laneway and additional stair and lift cores. The introduction of raised cycling routes has two effects - first, it provides a safe route for cyclists to travel along and second, it frees up the ground plane for pedestrians. 133

AGES IN DETAIL

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

GE 2.1 (2031- 2035) sunken road, installation of algae tubes, solar panels and footbridge extensions

Stages in Detail Stage 2.1 (2031-2035) Sunken Road, Algae Tubes, Solar Panels, and Footbridge Extensions

Stage 2.1 sees the sinking of the roads along the strip, rising periodically to serve ground level. Where the road is submerged, the ground plane is freed up for pedestrians to traverse and occupy. Algae tubes are introduced as a method of CO2 offsetting and bio-energy. Solar panels are also introduced to produce energy to power the travelator system. Footbridge extensions allow for greater permeability to and from the raised platform. 134

STAGES IN DETAIL

STAGE 2.2 (2031- 2035) point of access across multiple ground floor planes and levels

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail Stage 2.2 (2036-2040) Point of Access Across Multiple Ground Floor Planes and Levels

Stage 2.2 sees the development of automated vertical shared car parking spaces/stackers to house car share businesses. Provision of quality shared car services gives people the freedom to travel beyond the transport routes and into other areas of Melbourne and beyond. They also help to reduce vehicular traffic because of the reduction in privately owned cars and fewer roads. 135

STAGES IN DETAIL

STAGE 2.3 (2031- 2035) addition of residential programmes and courier service

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail Stage 2.3 (2041-2046) Addition of Residential Programmes and Courier Services

Stage 2.3 consists of courier services using pneumatic tube systems and drones. These services aim to make it easier for one to go about their days without needing to lug around excessive packages or luggage, instead they are able to send it to their desired destination through our courier services and continue about their business. With the addition of infrastructure we need to provide more housing for people to have greater access to these new services and amenities and to promote greater density for Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population. A high density population can allow for greater access to essential services and amenities and less of a reliance on mobility - spatial nearness. 136

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail System Breakdown

Stage 1.1 - Formwork and framework preparations. Impact - Traffic and trams operate as per usual Time Period - 2017-2018

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Stages in Detail System Breakdown

Stage 1.2 - Travelator and transportation high line Impact - Travel time and accessibility significantly improved. Vehicular traffic operates as per usual. Time Period - 2019-2025 138

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail System Breakdown

Stage 1.3 - Elevated Cycling Laneway and Additional Stair and Liftcores. Impact - Travel time and accessibility significantly improved. Access points increased along the infrastructure highline. Uninterrupted cycling route. Pedestrianisation of street (no vehicular access). Time Period - 2026-2030 139

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail System Breakdown

Stage 2.1 - Sunken Road, Installation of Algae Tubes, Solar Panels and Footbridge Extension. Impact - Self-sufficient infrastructure and services. Better open ground floor space for pedestrians. Multiple ground floor planes and points of entry to buildings on site. Time Period - 2031-2035 140

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail System Breakdown

Stage 3.1 - Automated Vertical Shared Car Parking/Stackers. Impact - Reduction of private car ownership. Increase in car pooling services. Efficient use of existing open and multi-level car parking facilities. Reduction in number of privately owned cars and therefore the amount of traffic congestion. Time Period - 2036-2040 141

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Stages in Detail System Breakdown

Stage 3.2 - Social and communal housing provisions, automated drone postal service and pneumatic tube system. Impact - Affordable housing within inner city suburbs. Densification of inner city suburbs promoting a contraction of urban sprawl. Elimination of conventional modes of vehicular delivery systems. Time Period - 2041-2046 142

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Systems in Detail Exploded Axonometric 1. Storaway Modular Floor Panels (4000 x 4000mm) - The adaptability of the entire infrastructure allows for the evolution of programmes that occupy the space (expansion/subtraction). This is determined by the smallest unit sizing which allows for an ease for service management. 2. Re-Purposed Trams (3000 x 1200mm) - Rather than completely removing the tramline, the re-purposing allows for programmes to occur within the core spine (Victoria Prd). This encourages more interesting use of space. 3. Sequential Travelators (Speed 6km/hr, 12km/hr and 18km/hr) - The progression from slow - mid - fast allows for safe travel with the introduction of the travelator system. 4. Algae Tubes - Photosynthetic reaction which is performed by the algae which converts carbon dioxide into oxygen. 5. Pneumatic Delivery System (150mm / 300mm) - users are able to travel package free from place to place by placing items through these air-pressured tubes. 143

TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE

Systems in Detail Exploded Axonometric 6. Under Floor Storage / Services (electric / water / drainage) - The backbone of the infrastructure; electricity, water, and drainage are run under the platform modules. Apart from that, the depth allows for additional storage. 7. Lift Core (2500 x 3750 mm) Upon establishment of the main infrastructure, a similar modular sized lift core can be installed by stowing away a floor plate. 8. Retractable Solar Panels (4000 x 1000mm) Serving dual functions this system serves as a shelter and collects energy which is subsequently used for the functioning of the programmes on site. 9 Moveable Roof Unit (6000 x 4000mm / 4000 x 4000mm / 2000 x 2000). The fluctuating patterns of the roof allows for an adaptable pattern that adapts to the flow of the users. The change of height allows for the optimum yield of sunlight. 10. Moveable Programmatic Trams (time is of the essence) - efficiency is key. Amidst the waiting time in 2016 we propose using your time to roam the various moveable programmatic trams. Each posses basic amenities - retail, food and other services. 11. Urban Greenery (2000 x 2000mm) Apart from the hardscape on high levels, there is an introduction of greenery at certain spaces in order to allow for a well balanced - pedestrian friendly walkway. 12. Modular and operable shading system. 13. Modular urban furniture.

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Systems in Detail Exploded Axonometric 14. Drone Tunnel / Hatch - Upon request, the conveyor belts transport packages through to the drone berth. The drone subsequently picks the package up and flies to the nearest exit hatch via an underground tunnel network. 15. Drone Postal Services - To ensure a package - free travel it is imperative that the infrastructure provides amenities for all sizes of packages. Users may seek out a drone to transport their goods to a specific location. Similarly, pneumatic tubes are connected to the drone hubs. 16. Bicycle Ramps (2500 x 4500 mm ) - A completely hybridised system delves into interaction and accessibility. The interaction on all levels and at all paces are crucial. Apart from travelators, cyclists have access to a continuous pathway. 17. Stair Cores (2500 x 6000mm) - Alternatively, the modular framework can potentially be replaced by a stair case.

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Systems in Detail Exploded Axonometric 18. Gridded Framework (6000 x 4000mm / 4000 x 4000mm / 2000 x 2000mm) - The grid allows for organisation and ease of spatial planning to occur. The expansion of the floor panels allows for spaces of activities to occur. 19. Rent-able Modular Units (2 x (8000 x 4000mm) To activate the central axis further, pods of rent-able spaces are available. While the units are not in use they can run along tracks and be returned to their berth underground. These units simultaneously serve the underground thoroughfares. 20. Equipment Management - to allow for a holistic environment that allows for any programmatic transformation, the basic furniture and equipments come as a kit of parts that allows users to manifest the space however they want. 21. Travelator Seats (450 x 450mm) The fast paced travelators are equipped with fold-able seats that run on a co-current system but as a separate entity it allows for users to have a seat while travelling to and fro.

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TRA N SPO RT I N F RA STRU C TU RE SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE

Sectional Perspective 150

H YB R I D PRO G RA M M E S 2046 Rationale

ith our transport infrastructure plan in place for the coming 30 years we looked to the adjacent plots to imagine what our interventions along major transport routes in Melbourne could trigger for programmes and people beyond the strip. With a keen interest in hybrid programmes for 2046 and beyond we develop 28 hybrids. Hyrbid programmes are spaces where programmes are allowed to overlap (both conceptually and physically) to make more efficient use of space and to produce exciting and unexpected hybrids - Mongrels so to speak - cross breeds of weird and wonderful programmes that come together to create a more resilient and flexible space. Our initial step in designing these hybrids came from the outcomes produced in our CAM quelea model. The model produced a series of spatial configurations for how programmes might hyrbidise and overlap according to the parameters that we set.

found that certain programmes or clusters of programmes were either attracted to one another or chose to repel one another. In imagining these hybridised programmes we didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t limit ourselves to what quelea produced for us - instead, we used the opportunities afforded by the Complex Adaptive Model as a base from which we could use our imagination and nouse to push forward. A starting point from which to design further. The result was the following 28 programmes - Keystone, Catalogue, VegePatch, FoodForTheSoul, StockExchange, ApprenticeShop, FoodShelves, PaceMaker, 2046 Pantry, NettZero, ApprenticeShip, Haven, MotionGym, ArtsCluster, Debauchery, 2046 Morgue, Stimucation, WorkHotel, ResiPods, ClubCare, BlackSprings, AgricKitchen, CafeBar, MobileClinic. These hybrids are provocations of how life could operate in 2046 and subsequently are not as detailed as they could be in terms of the human experience and phenomenology.

Riffing off the quelea outcomes and spatial relationships we quickly

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HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Keystone Residential / Workspace / Recreation / Library

The Keystone offers residents the option of working from home or within its proximity. It is here where people exchange ideas and interaction / conversations between the residents and the public occur.

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Vegepatch Public space / Urban farming / Hospital

It has been proven that prevention is better than cure. There is no better remedy to illnesses than a healthy work life balance. greenery allows for residents and citizens to take ownership of the crops that grow here. A continuous ramp takes one on a journey of grocery shopping, making it less mundane. 153

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Food for the Soul Bee Keeping / Vineyard / Aged Care

Wine keeps one relax, honey provides and promotes a healthy living. This hybrid seeks new technologies of attaining optimal yield with food and beverage. owners not only aid in community provision. It is a popular tourist attraction with daily tours for wine tasting and bee keeping lessons. 154

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Pacemaker Workspace / Gym / Recreation / Childcare

While mum does her work, her child is able to participate in classes and activities at this hybrid. 2046 childcare seeks to provide a healthy balance rather than a completely enclosed learning environment.

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Motion Gym Gym / Cinema

The hybrids of today denounces itself from the potential to multitask. Why stay within your personal technology/music/movie bubble during workout. Catch the latest movies and news on the big screen here.

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HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Black Springs Sewage Treatment / Public Thermal Baths

There is no better way of exploiting the potential of sewage and greywater to generate heat that reprovides for the community through means of a public thermal bath. Back in roman and greek heritage, the public baths created more opportunities for interactions and social activities. 157

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Agrikitchen Residential / Communal Facilities

The past has always been segregated into the rich and poor dining. By 2046, citizens should learn that the success of a community is reliant on interaction and equality. To achieve this, there is that need to provide a communal shared region where food becomes the priori and people may catch up over a meal, cook for others, and waste can be repurposed for other uses. 158

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Mobile Healthcare Pharmacy / Consultation Room / Vet

The wait is over, send your sick animals, loved ones here for an instant check up and have access to the latest pharmacuetical medications or medical equipment. Based on calculated data, the hospital of 2046 needs to be more dispersed and well interconnected with the residential community. This allows for accessibility to be achieved. Mobile pods such as these allow for readaptability and movement. 159

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Stock Exchange Market / Manufacturing / Waste Treatment

A slowly vanishing trade, the individual functionability of the stock exchange slowly merges to form the nett zero. Yet the ideals of production and the answer of manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s demands can and must be better manifested. do not produce what you do not need. Return what you cannot finish. 160

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Foodshelves Communal Food Library / Retail

Elements of the foodshelves are adapted in multiple of other hybrids. Allowing for food that has been leftover to be turn into good use. One manâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s poison is anotherâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s source of subsistence. Residents place their effort into keeping each counterpart member healthy and well fed. 161

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Nett Zero Retail / Manufacturing / Waste Recycling Hub

By no means should we constantly indulge in excessive purchase of food and let alone products. A variety of nett zero hybrids offer on the spot selection by the customer, further design customization and thereafter the production. U sually during production, waste is produced without thought and materials goes to waste. To reduce the potential for waste production, leftover materials are transported to other hybrids for plausible reuse. 162

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Work Hotel Temporary Residential Units

This hybrid seeks to slowly disintegrate the idea of gated communities and private properties. Mongrel City does not allow for the luxury of a private kitchen, a private laundry, a private dining or shower. Residents both temporary and permanent of various classes should co-exist and learn to mingle and adapt to the fast changing society. Work hotel is phase one of the dispersion process. 163

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Resipods Library / Workspace / Breakout Spaces

By 2046, the work hotels and private residency transform into the disperse resipods. Resipods offers an affordable and temporary (could be permanent) form of living. With the courtyard as the shared area where cooking, showering, laundry and conversations occur, it encourages movement within the districts because of its temporarlity and adaptive nature. 164

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Apprentice Shop Library / Workspace / Breakout Spaces

Our learning environment in 2016 slowly begans to become more balanced, with site visits, placements and internships. However, by 2046, it is imperative that the learning phase is exposed to professionals and experienced people within the field. The courtyard, like an agora, seeks to be an assembly area, with libraries, and archives that allow for the complete permeability. Anyone can access it, everyone is still learning new things. 165

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Hive Bee Keeping / Silkworms / Recreation / Retail

Bees for honey, silk for clothes, crops for the community and laboratories to device more sophisticated means of producing necessities to the public. Rather than keeping this hybrid closed, the hive is located in the courtyard. It is a mini greenhouse/garden. residents may purchase the products and contemplate going in for a walk. 166

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

2046 Pantry Office / Kitchen / Residential / Laundry

Because of the multilayered fabric, the access to food is made accessible and in close proximity since time equals money and within our current culture, stress is often due to the lack of time. Working spaces and breakout areas offer opportunities for co-current activities to manifest. The laundrette serves as a means of killing time. This also provides the unemployed residents with a support role to the community. 167

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Simulcation Aged Care Skill Development Centre / Library

It is a fallacy that retirement grants inner peace or a break from the past career. By 2046, a large part of the community would be an aged population, does that mean the society has to work harder to support them? Fortunately, this hybrid alows for the retraining and upgrading of the aged population so that they can potentially aid the community with their already profound experience . Everyone is still learning. 168

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Club Care Childcare / Nightclub

Who says two vastly different programmes cannot interconnect or share a space together? Our perception at present denies us from contemplating such possibilites. However the adaptation of the fabric and the hybrids allow for potentially conflicting programs to occur at the same time or even in the same place. 169

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Carfe Bar Vertical Carpark / Cafe / Retail / Bar / Laundrette

While the environmentalist may wish for a car-free society by 2046, it is technically impossible. Realistically, there are better ways of extrapolating an opportunity. Stack rather than spread. People who may be rushing for work can attend to multiple daily activities while waiting for the robotic smart car facility to prepare their vehicle. 170

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Haven Residential / Shelters / Worship Spaces

Who says religious spaces needs to be separated? This hybrid, as the name suggests, offers equality to anyone who needs a provision of a shelter, food or even medical checks. The haven allows for residents and citizens to be more aware that there may be others who are not as fortunate. 171

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Arts Cluster Workshop / Theatre / Exhibition Gallery

With Melbourne as one of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s leading arts country, we need to uplive that title by going a step ahead: Using art to better encourage work-life balance as well as to connect art to each citizenâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s physiological and psychological well being. The fabric that defines the courtyard are practice spaces which cater to the multidisciplnary facilities in the field of art. 172

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Debauchery Casino / Nightclub / Strip Clubs / Wine Cellars

The trick to a successful hybrid is to not waste time, effort, energy generated or as mentioned - food. The dancefloor within this hybrid allows for the jumping action of the user to generate a force that squashes grapes for the future use as wine at the club and the strip club below. this exploitation of human energy means the more this hybrid it attracts, the more wine can be produced and kept for wine lovers. 173

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

2046 Morgue Cemetary / Farm / Recycling Facility

While many may view death as the end to a life, by 2046, the minds of people will lean towards survivability and recycling. Just like sewage waste, the body of a human is often left to decompose 6 foot under. Why not use this as an opportunistic method of fertilizing crops and returning that life as a celebration to the entire community? 174

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Catalogue Library / Manufacturing / Archives

It is predicted that as technology improves, the need for the hardcopy slowly fades. While this hybrid ceases to exist years before 2046, it aims to ensure documents are well archived for future references. Users who may wish to customize their own book with a series of favourtie articles may now do so. This once again establishes that demand and supply trait and trade that needs to exist. 175

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Kitchen Museum Exotic Dining / Kitchen / ‘Gallery’

The core purpose for this name is because food can be selected based on the user preference and there is a need to know what one is consuming; what quenches their hunger and thirst. Here, just by moving through the fabric, there are multiple kitchens which ‘performs’ for the potential patrons who can efficiently decide then what they would prefer. 176

HYBRID CO U R T YA R D S

Apprentice Ship Workshop / Breakout Spaces / Recycling Facility

To prove oneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s potential, it is necessary for the learner to undergo a realistic environment of making and testing prior to going into the workforce. They must learn from the experience, interact, ideas should be shared, and the public takes ownership of ensuring that their future generations are learning and learning and learning via the hands on experience here. 177

S TA G E I .

FORM WORK AND FRAME WORK PREPARATIONS 2017 - 2018

NOT MANY CHANGES ARE VISIBLE IN THE EARLY STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT. TRAFFIC CONGESTIONS ARE EXPECTED TO INCREASE AS A RESULT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NEW PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE.

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S TA G E I I .

TRAVELATOR AND TRANSPORTATION HIGHLINE IS BUILT 2019 - 2025

DURING THIS PHASE, THE INFRASTRUCTURE FOSTERS THE DEVELOPMENT AND DESNIFICATION OF THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. HYBRID COURTYARDS START TO EMERGE POINTS ALONG THE SITE WHICH ARE DIRECTLY CONNECTED TO THE INFRASTRUCTURE. WORK HOTELS AND OTHER FORMS OF ACCOMMODATION EMERGE TO CATER FOR THE DEMAND OF HOUSING AND DWELLING SPACES AS A RESULT OF AN INCREASE IN POPULATON WITHIN THE NEIGHBOURHOOD. LIKEWISE, COMMUNAL KITCHENS KNOWN AS FOOD SHELVES AND PANTRIES ARE ESTABLISHED. 179

S TA G E I I I .

ELEVATED CYCLING HIGHWAY AND ADDITIONAL STAIR AND LIFT CORES ALONG THE PLATFORM. 2026 - 2030

AS THE TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE CONTINUES TO BE DEVELOPED AND IMPROVED ON, THE HYBRID COURTYARDS AND PROGRAMS SPARK FURTHER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AT KEY POINTS. THE CITY FABRIC BEGINS TO SPREAD FROM THESE LOCALITIES. WORK HOTELS ARE BEGINNING TO BE REPLACED BY RESIPODS AS A DEMAND FOR CHEAP AND FLEXIBILE LIVING CONDITIONS IS FAST BECOMING A NORM WITHIN A FAST PACED SOCIETY. 180

S TA G E I V.

SUNKEN ROAD, INSTALLATION OF ALGAE TUBES, SOLAR PANELS AND FOOTBRIDGE EXTENSIONS. 2031 - 2035

ADDITIONAL HYBRID COURTYARDS AND PROGRAMS NOW EMERGE ACROSS THE SITE WHERE THEY START TO TAKE OVER AND REPLACE MUCH OF THE EXISTING ARCHITECTURE AND BUILDINGS. THE URBAN FABRIC HAS NOW EXTENDED INTO BACK ALLEYS AND LANEWAYS OF MELBOURNE. HYBRIDS SUCH AS THE VEGE PATCH, MOTION GYM AND PACE MAKER EMERGE IN RESPONSE TO THE POPULATIONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S DESIRE FOR A MORE ATUNED AND ACTIVE LIFESTYLE. APPRENTICESHIPS AND APPRENTICESHOPS ARE ALSO POPULAR HYBRIDS WHICH CATER TO AN EMERGING HANDS-ON AND DIRECT LEARNING CULTURE. 181

S TA G E V.

AUTOMATED VERTICAL SHARED CAR PARKING SPACES/STACKERS. 2036 - 2040

AS THE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION HAS BEEN GREATLY IMPROVED, RAPID GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT IS OBSERVED ACROSS THE SITE. HYBRIDS SUCH AS THE CARFE BAR APPEAR IN RESPONSE TO THE TRANSITION OF POLICY TOWARDS USING SHARED CAR SERVICES. WORK HOTELS HAVE NOW BEEN REPLACED BY RESIPODS WHERE A MORE NOMADIC WAY OF LIVING IS BECOMING POPULAR. DUE TO THE EMERGENCE OF COMMUNAL DINING HALLS AND KITCHENS, THE RICH DESIRE SOME OF THE MORE LUXURIOUS DINING EXPERIENCES. HYBRID PROGRAMS SUCH AS THE MENU BECOME HUGELY POPULAR FADS DURING THIS TIME. 182

S TA G E V I .

SOCIAL AND COMMUNAL HOUSING PROVISIONS & AUTOMATED DRONE POSTAL SERVICE. 2042 - 2046

BY 2046, MELBOURNE HAS BECOME MORE VIBRANT AND ACTIVE THAN IT HAS EVER BEEN BEFORE, RIVALLING EVEN SOME OF THE WORLDâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S MOST INDUSTRIOUS CITIES SUCH AS SHEN ZHEN, LONDON, NEW YORK OR TOKYO. AT THIS POINT IN TIME, THE ADVANCEMENT IN TECHNOLOGY HAS PROVIDED US WITH THE ABILITY TO DELIVER AND TRANSFER GOODS EFFICIENTLY. AS A RESULT, HYBRIDS SUCH AS NETT ZERO EMERGE. OTHERS SUCH AS THE BLACK SPRINGS WHICH MAKE USE OF LOCALISED WASTEPROCESSING PLANTS, GIVE RISE TO HOT THERMAL BATHS. 183

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CO N C LU S I O N

Using complex adaptive modelling (CAM) to produce a possible scenario for 2046 our project, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Mongrel Cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, sees the a future where programmes are able to emergence, grow, decline, adapt, merge and hybridise in response to the site, the population and other programmatic agents. That transformative ability is what gives the system resilience and interest. It is the ability of agents to exist in a feedback loop with themselves and others on site to respond to the needs of society. One of the most interesting patterns to emerge from our CAM is that of hybridised spaces - those spaces where programmes are allowed to overlap (both conceptually and physically) to make more efficient use of space and to produce exciting and unexpected hybrids. Such hybrids are more efficient in terms of space because they use the same footprint but serve multiple users. This way of thinking about and doing urban design, planning and architecture allows us to provide services and programmes to our site that are more space efficient and

more exciting than discrete and isolate programmatic unit serving one sole purpose. One of the main aims of experimenting with and designing our hybrid programmes for 2046 along our transport infrastructure routes has been to promote greater population density and to contract the urban sprawl in Melbourne. Urban sprawl, as already articulated previously, is inefficient and damaging to a well functioning and happy city. Concluding, a contraction of Melbourneâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s footprint and greater population density is fundamentally about offering the population greater access and spatial nearness to essential programmes and services. Too long have the planning of our cities defaulted to ideas of mobility, going forward we need to focus our attention of how to provide people with greater access to services rather than how move people to services. The latter has resulted in a sprawling and disconnected city with an identifiable chasm between those with and those without access.

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Ph y s i c al M o del

ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO (5) - X-RAY THE CITY SPECIAL THANKS TO:

JUSTYNA KARAKIEWICZ 209

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