THAT’S ENGLISH! – MODULE 9 – UNIT 7 THE FUTURE LOOKS BRIGHT A) GRAMMAR -
Expressing Future Time
There are several ways of expressing future time in English: Use of will / shall Will / shall + the base form of the verb is used to make a predication of an event. You’ll be in the office by now. It will rain in the morning. Adverbials such as tomorrow, next week next month, next year can be used with will / shall Use of Be + going to One of the ways to expresses future time is to use is / am / are + going to + the first form of the verb. It is used to express the intention or plan that will be fulfilled in the immediate future. Ex. They are going to see a movie in the evening. Use of the present continuous tense and the simple present tense The present continuous tense can be used to express future with reference to a definite plan, arrangement or programmed. Ex. The company is holding a meeting on Sunday. The simple present tense is used for future reference when we are talking about time tables, schedules etc. Ex. The bus leaves Delhi at 6 pm. The class starts at 8.30 pm. Exercise Complete the sentences. Use going to + one of these verbs: Do , walk, wash, give, lie down, watch, wear, eat, stay. 1. My hands are dirty. I __________ them. 2. I don’t want to go home by car. I __________ 3. I am hungry. I __________ this toast. 4. What __________ Ravi __________ when he leaves school? 5. Monica says she is feeling very tired. She __________ __________ for an hour. 6. Pankaj is going to America next week. He __________ with some friends.
7. What __________ to the party tonight? 8. It’s John’s birthday next week. We __________ him a present. 9. There is a good film on TV this evening.. __________ you __________ it? Exercise Put in will or Won’t : 1. Don’t drink coffee before you go to bed. You __________ sleep. 2. I am not ready yet. I __________ be ready in five minutes. 3. I’m leaving for Mumbai tomorrow so I __________ be at home tomarrow. 4. It __________ rain, so you don’t need to take an umbrella. 5. Go to bed early and you __________ feel better in the morning. 6. It’s John’s birthday next Monday. He __________ be 25. 7. I’m sorry I was late this morning. It __________ happen again. 8. Your bag is very heavy. I __________ carry it. 9. You can phone me this evening. I __________be at home. Expressing Future Time - 2 Will + be + v – ing Will & progressive form ( be +v – ing) can also be used to refer to future actions / events .We use will + be + v + – ing to say that we will be in the middle of doing something at a certain time in the future. Ex. He will be travelling tomorrow morning. We also use will be + v- ing like the present continuous for planned action. I’ll be going to Mumbai on Sunday. Will + have + v – ed (Past Participle) We use will + have + v – ed to indicate that something will already have happened before a certain time in the future: I will have completed this book by the end of the years. The match will have ended by 9 o’clock. Exercise With the help of the words within slashes write what you think is going to happen in the following situations: Ex. 1. We have a very strong cricket team. 1.We / win / the match, (we’re going to win the match) 2. The winter has been very mild. It / very / hot/ this year. 3. We are about 50 kms away from Delhi. We / reach / Delhi / in half an hour.
4. Hari has not been working hard. He / fail / in the examination. 5. This film has a very powerful story and excellent music. It / be / a hit 6. I got up late in the morning today. I / be / late / for school. 7. It is very cold and you are only wearing a shirt. You / fall / sick 8. There are black clouds in the sky. It / rain / soon Exercise Rewrite the following sentences using will + have + v – ed for the verbs in brackets: 1. We construct the house by the end of the month. We will have constructed the house by the end of the month. 2. By the end of next week, they (complete) their training. 3. He (take) the examination by the end of May. 4. By the end of this decade, India. (Become) a great nation. 5. He (take) the examination by the end of May. 6. He (spend) all his money before the end of holidays. 7. Next year, they (be) in India for five years. 8. By next April, he (write) his next book. Exercise Complete the following sentences 1. By next year ____________________________ 2. By the time I reach home_______________________ 3. By the time I finish this book ___________________________ 4. By Monday evening ____________________________ 5. By the next morning ____________________________ 6. By 8 o’clock ____________________________ 7. Before you reach the station, ____________________________ 8. Before Ravi reaches the school ____________________________ http://www.edufind.com/english-grammar/future/ http://issuu.com/isabelcota/docs/tenses_translation
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Reflexive Pronouns
http://www.ecenglish.com/learnenglish/lessons/reflexive-pronouns-upperintermediate-students-0 http://menuaingles.blogspot.com.es/2011/06/unit-38-level-3-upperintermediate.html http://www.english-test.net/esl/learn/english/grammar/ei040/esl-test.php http://www.cambridge.org/grammarandbeyond/wpcontent/uploads/2012/09/Communicative_Activity_Hi-IntAdvancedReflexive_Pronouns.pdf -
How to use the verb HOPE
http://dictionary.cambridge.org/es/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/hope http://forum.wordreference.com/threads/i-hope-pron-verb-vs-i-hope-pron-willverb-vs-i-hope-to.694461/ -
Connectors of opinion
http://mbonillo.xavierre.com/gramatica/markers.html https://quizlet.com/88055858/connectors-of-opinion-flash-cards/ http://www.iesjacaranda.es/TRINITY/Connectors%20and%20useful %20expressions.pdf http://writingeoi.blogspot.com.es/p/blog-page.html http://www.eoioviedo.org/anacarmen/opinion/opinion.pdf B) VOCABULARY (1) You wanna get on TV? ‘In your dreams!’ That phrase came in during the 1990s. It meant someone is being unrealistic, very optimistic, very hopeful. Any circumstances in which expectations are raised – in your dreams! It mixes two senses of the word ‘dream’ – what happens when you’re asleep, of course, and the sense of daydream or reverie – it’s a very general use. And I’ve heard it said all over the place in recent months. I’ve heard it said in a traffic jam, when the driver thought the road ahead was clearing. ‘In your dreams!’ said the passenger.
(2) And most interesting of all, I’ve now heard the phrase being extended with the pronoun changing – you see, ‘in your dreams’ is the second person, but I’ve now heard it with a first person and a third person. The other day I heard, ‘He’s going to try for a part in the movie, in his dreams!’ – third person. And then one day somebody said to me, ‘I hear you’re planning a holiday this year’. And I remember muttering to myself, ‘in my dreams’! (1) Questions: Match these words and phrases to their definitions a. unrealistic unimportant or useless information and stuff b. optimistic a word that is used instead of a noun e.g. he or him c. daydream speaking in a low voice so that people can’t hear you d. traffic jam pleasant thoughts that make you forget what you are doing e. pronoun cars in a queue that isn’t moving f. muttering unlikely to happen, not very possible Answer these questions. a. When someone says ‘in your dreams’ it means they think someone else… i. has a good chance of doing something; they are likely to achieve something ii. has an average chance of doing something; they might achieve something iii. has no chance of doing something; they won’t achieve something iv. is asleep b. Which of these meanings of ‘dream’ does the phrase combine? i. thoughts and images you feel when you sleep ii. perfect or ideal iii. pleasant hopes or wishes for the future Decide if the following statements are true or false a. The phrase appeared at the end of the last century. b. It is still not a common phrase. c. The passenger thought the traffic jam would disappear. (2) Questions Answer this question. a. What change in the use of ‘in your dreams’ has Professor Crystal noticed? i. The meaning has changed to include ‘perfect or ideal’ ii. The phrase is used to refer to anyone, not just ‘you’ iii. It is used in formal situations as well as informal ones
Are the following sentences true or false? a. He heard the phrase used to talk about someone’s dream to be a pop star. b. Professor Crystal was unable to make holiday plans. c. Professor Crystal said the phrase ‘in my dreams’ quietly ……………………………………………………………………………………… Find the phrases in the text that have the following meanings. a. what people think or hope will happen b. pleasant dream like thoughts c. made longer or bigger; used more widely LANGUAGE Look at the example sentences of other phrases with ‘dream’. Match the phrases to the definitions below. a. I have a recurring dream. It’s always the same: a car arrives and a giraffe gets out. The giraffe picks me up and I turn into an aeroplane b. Selling my script to the Hollywood company was a dream come true for me. After all those years without success I’m now moving to Los Angeles. c. Teaching is my dream job. I love working with people and the holidays are long. Fantastic! d. You want to be a rock star? Dream on! You can’t even sing! e. The school play went like a dream. Everyone remembered their lines and the audience loved it. Perfect! f. I can’t believe I’ve just bought a Ferrari car. Honestly, it’s beyond my wildest dreams. I never thought I would have one. Would you like a lift? i. something goes very well or successfully without any problems ii. ideal or perfect employment iii. in your dreams! iv. better than anything you ever imagined v. a dream you frequently have when you sleep vi. something happens after you have wanted it for a long time ANSWER KEY: http://downloads.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish/uptodate/pdf/uptodat e2_in_your_dreams_plan.pdf
C) READING COMPREHENSION Dream Job In an extremely fashionable part of New York City, there is a tall, beautiful skyscraper. It’s on a very wide avenue, shooting nearly 100 stories into the air. This building, The Spurlock, casts a very heavy shadow on the buildings around it. Jonathan Smeek lives in one of these buildings. Jonathan Smeek is a young man, but he seems older. He tends to dress in gray suits that don’t quite fit, eats the same vaguely gray egg salad sandwich for lunch every day, and has a gray cat that he can never quite manage to name. He calls it simply “Cat,” or “You” in emergency situations, as in, “Hey, don’t eat that, You!” or “Don’t knock that off the shelf, You!” Smeek’s apartment is in the middle of his building, which he likes a great deal. The people at the top often seem quite upset about the number of stops the elevator has to make on its slow, rumbling journey. The ones near the bottom have to use the stairs, as the elevators only stop at the fourth floor and up. The poor people on the third floor have it the worst, huffing up several flights of stairs every day. Smeek, on the sixth floor, however, has a smooth ride down to the lobby. Smeek has a lot of time to think about relatively minor things, like the ways in which his apartment floor affects his day. This is because he does not have a job. He has been out of work for months, and he spends most of the day watching television he hates and arguing with Cat, who doesn’t like the cheap food Smeek is forced to buy him. It is all he can afford. “I know it’s not the best, Cat,” Smeek says, leaning against a wall in his kitchen, still in his pajamas even though it is late in the afternoon. “Meow,” says Cat, in a tone that Smeek does not like. “Now look here, You,” he says, beginning to get a little upset. “It’s not like I’m not trying to get a job. I am trying. But it’s very difficult. Until then, we’re all making sacrifices.” Cat seems to sigh and takes a polite nibble of his food. Smeek sighs, and he sits down to open his old and graying laptop. As he glumly checks his email, not expecting much, he finds an interesting email. “MEDICAL SALES – EARNING POTENTIAL UNLIMITED!” reads the subject line. Smeek is suspicious. He has only run into one “unlimited” thing in his life, a breakfast buffet he’d been to with his parents as a child. And a nasty waiter there stopped him from going back for a fifth serving of bacon, so how unlimited had it been, really?
He reads on. “This position with Allied Medical Technologies sells a digital suite of over 19 products to a targeted audience of medical institutions. The earning potential is uncapped! Interested parties please reply referencing Job No. 97742.” Jonathan Smeek is interested, but he finds this job listing very confusing. What is a digital suite? Exactly what are these products? Smeek decides to reply. He writes: "To Whom It May Concern -- Good afternoon. I am very interested in position number 97742. I have long been fascinated by medical technology, and I am excited to hear more about the position. Please find my resume attached. I look forward to hearing from you." He sits back and sighs. Cat jumps on his lap and looks at the screen. "Meow?" He asks. "I know," Smeek says, guiltily. "I may have fibbed a bit. Still, just because I'm not interested in medical technology today, it doesn't mean I won’t be tomorrow. I'm open to change." "Meow," says Cat, before jumping off to chase a shadow. Smeek isn't quite sure what Cat has meant with that last meow. He lays down on the couch and quickly falls into a deep sleep. Just like always, his dreams seem very real. Also just like always, he dreams of cartoons. Since he was a small boy, Jonathan Smeek has dreamed of making cartoons. He loves watching them, of course, sprawled on the couch with a bag of chips and laughing his head off on the edge of his seat. But they are more than entertainment to him. He notices the styles of different animators and the kinds of shows different companies produce. He feels a unique sense of betrayal the first time a smart show he loves suddenly swerves to become simple and uncreative, but more popular. In this dream, Smeek is 13 years old. He is drawing his first cartoon, Tennisotro, about a mild-mannered boy tennis player who one day uses radioactive sunscreen and grows a cannon arm that shoots tennis balls. Smeek sits at a small desk in his childhood room, lovingly filling in Tennisotro’s neon-green eyes. He sits back and admires his work. Just then, his father comes into the room. “WHAT’S THIS MESS?” he bellows. “STOP WASTING YOUR TIME WITH THESE IDIOTIC DRAWINGS!” He rips the paper from under Smeek’s hands, crumples it into a ball, and throws it back in his face. Smeek wakes with a shudder and remembers again why he’s never shown his drawings to anyone. He can’t help but keep doing them. He can’t stop if he wanted to, but he keeps them for himself even though he has come to believe that drawing is a waste of time. Smeek checks his computer and sees a reply.
“Dear Sir – Thank you very much for your reply. Please come for an interview today at 4 PM.” The address listed is easy for Smeek to remember. It is in the Spurlock. Jonathan Smeek has never been inside the Spurlock before. He tries to walk straight to the elevators, holding his only nice folder with his important papers in it and looking like a man of business, his eyes straight ahead. They are so straight ahead that he slams into a frosted glass barrier a few feet tall without noticing it. He gives it a gentle push, thinking it might swing open. It does not, so he gives it a somewhat harder push, with no result. He is just about to step over it when he hears a stern voice. “SIR. STEP AWAY.” Smeek freezes mid-step, with his left leg high in the air. A muscular security guard is standing behind a wide marble desk. His arms are crossed, and he does not look very happy. Smeek notices, somewhat embarrassed, that the guard’s suit is much nicer than his. “Sir,” the guard says again. Smeek realizes he is still frozen in place. He walks over and explains himself to the guard as best as he is able. The guard very hesitantly allows Smeek to enter the building. The elevator banks are huge. Brushed steel doors ten feet high are snugly fitted into black stone walls that are so clean Smeek can see his reflection in them. He presses the elevator’s “Up” button and leaves a big oily fingerprint. He tries to slyly edge up close to the button panel and begins rubbing the button with his shirt tail. The smudge won’t come off. He rubs harder. “I’m pretty sure we don’t have an elevator genie. But keep rubbing and see what comes out, I guess.” For the second time, Jonathan Smeek freezes. Behind him, there is a beautiful woman, with black hair hanging neatly to her shoulders, a black-and-white polka dotted top, and a purple skirt covered in cartoon characters. “Oh, ah, ha, yes, of course.” Smeek manages. “I was just trying to, ah, clean it off a bit.” “Oh, of course. Nothing worse than a dirty button,” the girl says to him with a smile. “I’m Katherine.” “Oh. Great,” Smeek replies. “Not great that you’re Katherine, but, uh, great to meet you. I’m Jonathan.” Just then, the elevator arrives. They both get in, and Katherine pushes the button for a floor just a few above the one Smeek’s interview is on. He is so pleasantly surprised that he drops his folder on the ground, and his papers go everywhere. Most embarrassing of all, Smeek has totally forgotten that his folder is full of his drawings. Now Katherine will see all of his silly characters, he thinks, even Tennisotro.
Katherine bends down to help him collect his things. “Are these yours?” she says. “Oh, uh, yes?” Smeek says, bracing himself for her laughter. He shuts his eyes and listens, but the laugh never comes. Instead, she makes a sort of “ooooo” sound. Puzzled, Smeek opens his eyes and looks over. Katherine is excitedly shuffling through his papers. “I love these! They’re great! Look at how green this guy’s eyes are!” “Uh, that’s Tennisotro. He used some radioactive sunscreen, and now he uses his supersonic tennis ball cannon to fight crime.” “That rules! Look, I’m sure you get a lot of work. I mean, you’re obviously very talented. I work for a magazine here, and we’re always trying to find great new people to illustrate for us. I mean, it wouldn’t be stuff as creative as this. It’s just portraits of people in the news the odd little cartoon here and there. Would you like to come up to my office and talk it over?” Smeek is absolutely bowled over. He can’t believe his luck. Of course, he has had many years of bad luck, he figures, so isn’t he entitled to just a bit of good luck? Of course, luck is only part of it, he thinks. Now it is up to him to take advantage of his opportunity and do something positive. Also, he wishes he had started sharing his work with people years ago. “Oh, well, I understand if you’re busy,” says Katherine. Smeek realizes he hasn’t spoken for several seconds. “You’ve probably got an important meeting here?” “I can say with absolute confidence,” says Smeek, “that talking with you is the most important thing I have going on at this moment.” Katherine smiles. When the doors open at the floor of Allied Medical Technologies, Smeek leans forward and presses the “Door Close” button. He rides up with Katherine and into the future.
D) LISTENING http://www.elllo.org/english/Games/G063LifeGoals.htm http://www.elllo.org/english/0351/362-Eli-Ambition.htm http://www.franglish.fr/ihaveadream/index.htm
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86lczf7Bou8 (I dreamed a dream) I dreamed a dream in ………………………. When hope was high And life …………………………… I dreamed that love ……………………………… I dreamed that God would be ……………….. Then I was young and ……………………… And dreams were made and used and wasted There was no ransom to …………………….. No song unsung No wine …………… But the tigers come at night With their voices soft as ………………….. As they tear your hope apart As they turn your dream to ……………… He slept a summer ………………………… He filled my days with endless wonder He took my childhood in his stride But he was gone ………………………………… And still I dream ………………………………. That we will live the years ………………….. But there are dreams …………………………….. And there are storms we cannot weather I had a dream ………………………………….. So different from ……………………………… So different now from …………………………. Now life ……………………………………… The dream I dreamed
E) SPEAKING 1. Discuss these questions with a partner a. Do you have or have you had any of the following ambitions? to be a film star to go to university to own a car to visit the Antarctic to get married to have children to buy a house to visit the USA
to be a professional sports person to be an astronaut to be happy to write a book to live by the sea to be a rock star to work abroad b. What other ambitions or dreams do you have? c. Think about all these different ambitions. For you, which ones do you think are… i. realistic; quite likely to be achieved ii. unlikely but possible ii. unrealistic; nearly impossible d. Why? 2. Discuss these questions with your partner. a. Have you had a recurring dream? Can you describe it? b. What would your dream job be? c. Have you ever had a dream come true? d. Have you ever organised or done anything that went like a dream? Or anything that went disastrously? e. Has anything happened to you that was beyond your wildest dreams? f. Have you ever had to say ‘dream on!’ or ‘in your dreams!’ to someone? Has anyone said something like this to you? http://www.ielts-mentor.com/cue-card-sample/1258-ielts-cue-card-sample-303-talkabout-a-short-term-goal-or-ambition-you-have http://www.englishlab.net/ieltsspeaking/shorttalk/cards-by-topic/future-plansdreams-and-ambitions/ F) WRITING What ambitions and dreams did you have when you were a child (Page 80)