Rehabilitation of Circumstantial Victims through Built Environment

Ishani Dayal

Rehabilitation of Circumstantial Victims through Built Environment

Bachelor of Architecture Dissertation - 2019 School of Architecture and Landscape Design Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University

Entry No.: 14BAR013

Guide:

Ar Anoop Sharma, Assistant Professor, SoALD SMVDU

B. Arch. THESIS 2018-19

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CERTIFICATE This is hereby certified that this Dissertation entitled ‘Rehabilitation of Circumstantial victims through Built environment’ in context to women mostly, has been submitted by Ishani Dayal, Entry No. 14BAR013 in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture, Session 2018-19.

Recommended By: Ar. Anoop Sharma (Thesis Guide)

Ar. Anoop Sharma (Thesis Coordinator)

Accepted By: (Head - SoALD)

Jury Members:

(1)

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(2)

(3)

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DECLARATION This Dissertation, entitled REHABILITATION OF CIRCUMSTANTIAL VICTIMS THROUGH BUILT ENVIRONMENT is being submitted as partial requirements of B. Arch. Study during ninth (9th) semester by me for evaluation. The contents in this Dissertation are either my own work or compilation of data / information as gathered from case studies / survey as indicated / referenced and permitted as per rules.

No contents of this Dissertation have been copied from any other dissertation / Thesis report in part or full. If at any stage it is found that this is significantly copied from any other resource, the evaluation of this reports and accordingly grade award shall automatically stand cancelled.

(Signature of Student) Ishani Dayal Entry No.: 14BAR013 B. Arch., Semester X Session: 2018-19 School of Architecture & Landscape Design Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University

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The originality of this Dissertation has been checked using appropriate plagiarism checker / software and following parameters are compiled (tick one).

Plagiarism / Copied Contents: Not more than 10% Originality / Uniqueness: Not less than 90% (Certificate attached as Annexure-1).

(Signature of Student) Name: Date:

Counter-signed

(Signature of Guide) Name: Date:

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ABSTRACT

Emotional wellness has been a discussed theme to hundreds of years and still nowadays, the basic being has not gotten a handle on its complexities that sure U.S. all unmistakable.

This exposition speaks to an endeavor to condense my discoveries on the job of thinking of and structure inside the recuperating strategy.

This examination/study starts with molding, what will mending implies? And afterward talk of workmanship to examine the foundation of the recuperating. I am moreover confining out indispensable parameters that guide the arranging of mending territories. To help my parameters i'm also refering to the works and composing of the Architects like Juhani Pallassma, Stefan Lundin, Peter Zumthor, Christopher Alexander, Aalto, and so forth.

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PREFACE If not now than when?

Recovery place for ladies offers explicit treatment for ladies who are casualties of intense issues like aggressive behavior at home, medication and liquor habit, injury, social challenges, and so forth. There are numerous issues that identify with ladies, habit and recuperation that need explicit consideration, for example, self-perception, dietary issues, life satisfaction and potential and parenthood. Our Indian culture don't regard ladies as it is referenced socially, ladies exploited people like the ex-detainees, single parents or pregnant ladies, widows, assault unfortunate casualties, mature age ladies and numerous others face numerous issues in the public eye whether at a working environment or in everyday life. This prompts the psychological harm to the ladies and when they can't deal with the weight it prompts deplorable outcomes. In cases like these ladies’ recoveries can be the arrangement.

The objective of a ladies' recovery focus is to expand on aptitudes that create independence and a separated feeling of self while figuring out how limits can make genuine closeness and wellbeing. Ladies there are made accepted mentally that they are not delicate or feeble and they can bolster themselves and face any obstacle in existence with no assistance or reliance.

They are given there the necessary passionate and money related help for their living and sound recuperation.

In the event that any ladies have a background marked by sexual maltreatment, she may feel increasingly good, protected and loose in recovery for ladies. A few ladies may discover the nearness of male patients diverting or unwelcome which may disrupt the general flow of a solid and full recuperation. Ladies may appreciate being around female friends who have comparative encounters, stories, foundations and viewpoints. They are there given employment, appropriate medicinal consideration, can seek after their instruction or any leisure activities they have and be companions with individuals having comparative stories so they feel free and needed and don't feel judged and alone by the general public.

The exploited people are taken consideration by the specialists and guides in the recoveries.

They comprehend their circumstance and assist them with recuperating from inside so they start understanding the world from with a better point of view and can make their own particular manner throughout everyday life. There are various projects run in the restoration focus like the present moment or long-haul private projects with different kind professional courses and treatment regions with satisfying scene and yards. Along these lines, ladies’ recoveries are really an aid for the ladies who are separated from everyone else, damaged, relinquished by their families and companions and who need support.

She accepted she could so she did...!

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Ishani Dayal Place: Kakryal, Jammu and Kashmir Date: 13 December 2019

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CONTENTS 1. Introduction What is healing?

Art: the antidote Architecture as healing element 1.1 Synopsis 1.1.1 Need of Study 1.1.2 Aim 1.1.3 Objectives 1.1.4 Scope and Limitations 1.1.5 Methodology 1.2 Case Studies Targeted 1.2.1 NIHMANS, Bangalore 1.2.2 Sharda hospital for mental disease (SHMD), New Delhi 1.2.3 Mukthangan De-Addiction Centre, Pune, Maharashtra 1.2.4 SOCSO Rehabilitation center, Malaysia 2. Literature Study Healing architecture or healing environment Goals of healing architecture Benefits of healing architecture Holistic Design and planning 2.1 Planning parameters 2.1.1 Convivial Entrance 2.1.2 Esteemed environment 2.1.3 Normalcy 2.1.4 Free and Open atmosphere 2.1.5 Accessible greens 2.1.6 Personal Sphere 2.1.7 Flexibility and Proximity 2.1.8 Vistas and Passages 2.1.9 Personal territory of victims 2.2 Healing Elements 2.2.1 Color 2.2.2 Water 2.2.3 Landscape 2.2.4 Materials 2.2.5 Sun 3. Case Study 3.1 NIMHANS, Bangalore 3.1.1 Conceptual zoning 3.1.2 Vocational Therapy 3.1.3 Cottages Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Rehabilitation of Circumstantial victims through Built environment

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3.1.4 3.1.5 3.1.6 3.1.7 3.1.8 3.1.9 3.1.10

Residential Areas Front Hostel Rear Hostel Ashwini Hall Courtyard Architecture exp Critical Appraisal

3.2 SHMD, New Delhi 3.2.1 Conceptual zoning 3.3 Mukthangan De- Addiction Centre, Pune, Maharashtra 3.3.1 Hierarchy of Space 3.3.2 Section through Meditation room 3.3.3 Design Analysis 3.3.4 Inferences 3.4 SOCSO Rehabilitation Center, Malaysia 3.4.1 Building Program 3.4.2 Relation between building program and purpose 3.4.3 Architectural Elements 3.4.4 Therapeutic Design Elements 3.5 Questionnaires 4. Analysis Design theory for reducing aggression 4.1

Analysis as per Literature Study

4.2

Importance of different Healing Elements

4.3

Analysis as per Research Papers

4.4

Comparative analysis of Case Studies

5. Design Consideration 5.1 Subsequent Parameters 5.2 Furniture Deign 5.3 Product Design 6. Conclusions 7. References

8. Annexure

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1.0 INTRODUCTION What is healing?

Figure1.https://www.pinterest.com/pin/414401603209259660/

In fact, healing isn't a method of natural action or fixing, however rather a comeback to balance between all of those components1. Wellbeing, along these lines, is known in light of the fact that the nearness of this parity; medical issue is its need. A long way from being dormant compartments, zones will be comprehended to be absolutely member inside the mending aptitude.

It is conceivable to consider and make structures that recuperate. In spite of the fact that materials, structure, and instrumentation ar a piece of this undertaking, equivalent balance can be conceded to the land, the characteristic world, the network, our precursors, and the soul in the entirety of this. Working with the totality of those powers may bring about mindful co-production of territories that don't appear to be exclusively useful, anyway that are vivacious and alive, and hence, fit for their very own commitments.

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Art: the antidote

Figure 2. https://www.nordcenter.org/art-healing-therapeutic-art-mental-health-recovery/

Art has ceaselessly been an area of our way of life, custom and society. The humanity has developed with a type of craftsmanship at interims social practices since our initial beginnings and it looks inalienable out and out individuals whether it's through adulating of the divine beings, recuperating or transitional experiences. However, as obvious as this might be, numerous dismisses the recuperating characteristics that craftsmanship has and the improvement of horizontal imagination that it can bring to us. To take a gander at workmanship as a device for recuperating we need to rise above limits that unbendingly tie us to the controls of our sound awareness. We have to get a handle on workmanship on the far side the standard specialized methodology of maker and canvas.

We have to liberate the limits from the earthly rules of craftsmanship and investigate the helpful characteristics that it can upgrade in every last one of us. The arts, whether or not within the liberal arts, painting, sculpting, cookery or husbandry are a sort of meditation wherever the creator is in tune with his/her center. In this sense, art is a spirit that one unconsciously experiences with a sense of a healing.2 For me, craftsmanship is the making of what the spirit is shouting out to express. The concordance tunes the spirit with what is unmistakable. On the off chance that we are on the whole engineers of our existence, at that point workmanship is a declaration of how we see ourselves inside ourselves in connection to our general surroundings. This implies innovative articulation is close to home and it's an adventure of disclosure - much like recuperating Figure 3.https://images.app.goo.gl/JfPyYttCoDiwjrF27

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“...If health problem and health ar nouns, then healing is a verb. It is movement in an exceedingly desired direction- a journey that takes you from health problem to health.”3 By this interpretation, therefore, healing is associate degree action: a call one makes in search of better well-being.

Architecture as a healing atmosphere With this in mind, I’d wish to explore design to examine however art may be used as a tool for healing. Architecture takes a holographic approach by staring at the effectiveness of art to market healing. It is a therapeutic experience aimed at connecting with the inner -self to bring about change in a person’s lived experience. The question that needs to be asked is that, if art does have a healing effect how can architecture as an artistic science contribute to this? Can our environments heal or can it make us sick?

I would wish to explore the design which might be used as a tool for healing. Healing in psychological science, medicine and even nature involves a process where the victims or the recipient receives a physically external antidote in order to help them heal.

Figure 4. https://images.app.goo.gl/XvgJYP55HbaNAMWS9

It is then up to the victims to require the inward step of acceptance and observation so as to progress the healing. However, if we have a tendency to ignore the qualities of physical context it might involuntarily slow the healing method.

In addition, natural daylight and air were the foremost effective ways that of purifying the air and killing bacterium.

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1.1 SYNOPSIS 1.1.1

Need of Study

The purpose of present work is to study the physical aspects and the factors that lay positive impact on human health. For this purpose of rehab centers are considered. The need of healing environment in rehab canters to reduce stress and fatigue of its occupants, improve the quality of service and victim’s safety. Various physical aspects and their physical and psychological impact are studied and the knowledge from the case studies, literature review, survey and analysis will be noted to increase the health outcomes in the rehab centers.

1.1.2

Aim

1.1.3

Objectives

1.1.4

Scope & Limitations

1.1.5

Methodology

• • • •

Selection of topic (inspiration from daily life struggle) Literature and background study Formulation of aims and objectives Collection of data

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• • • •

Analysis Formulation of strategies Proposal Final dissertation

1.2 CASE STUDIES TARGETED

•

Nimhans, Banglore.

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SHARDA HOSPITAL FOR MENTAL DISEASE (SHMD), DELHI

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Mukthangan De-Addiction Center, Pune By Sirish Beri

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SOCSO Rehabilitation Center, Melaka

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2.0 LITERATURE STUDY Healing architecture or healing environment?

The goals of healing architecture

The benefits of healing architecture

Holistic design and planning Healing architecture have major focus on improving the patient experience and outcomes.

In order to bring healing design in rehab facilities, it's necessary to adopt a holistic designing approach that features input and feedback from the tip users additionally to that design, construction and implementation teams.

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2.1 PLANNING PARAMETERS The physical aspects affecting the healing environment in rehab centers are identified.

Subsequent design considerations can impact the well-beings of the occupants:

2.1.1 Convivial Entrance

In Several instances, the doorway state of affairs has been a neglected purpose within the style of healing areas. Descriptions from the globe of medical specialty testify to obscure, shabby entrances next to loading bays and waste bin rooms. This has the result of degrading the victims, creating him / her feel undeserving neatness and an honest reception, however the fundamental intent to form it as easy as possible for the victims to seek care.

In Architect Sirish Beri’s Muktangan deaddiction centre, Pune, he disposed transparent entrance to have controlled flow of traffic and the easy supervision. The recessed entrance with the integrated landscape and the flight of steps give the sense of welcoming entrance. He also housed kitchen and other services at the rear side of the site to allow service access, without any chaos in the main entrance. From this precedent, the coherence between the entrance and the good first impression is interpreted.

Figure 5. https://shirishberi.com/project-details.php?pid=239

•

a good first impression

•

a welcoming entrance

•

an entrance for everyone

•

a special entrance for emergency cases

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Figure 6.7. https://shirishberi.com/project-details.php?pid=239

“Recalling Michael Weinstock’s work “Nature and Civilization,” it is clear that while on one hand the baths may be seen as an example where humans harness nature, at the same time nature is widely known, therefore revealing a harmonious human-nature relationship.” 8 This manner of reconciliation setting and material to revitalize psychological state is outlined as dignified setting.

Figure 8. Explains the balance between environment and other criteria in Peter Zumthor’s design of Therme Vals

• a dignified environment • carefully designed spaces and attention to details • people behavioral pattern Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) 107 Rehabilitation of Circumstantial victims through Built environment

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• cozy accommodation • Watch out for day-to-day dilapidation 2.1.3 Normalcy

But what exactly is normalcy? The term can be framed in a variety of ways.

What we have a tendency to usually mean by traditional is, I suppose, normally interpreted quite broadly. Stefan Lundin characterize normalcy as, “Often we perceive a wide span of behaviors or attitudes as normal. Perhaps the word “normal” can even categorical what a medical specialty surroundings isn't to be.

It must not be a hospital, a prison or an institution – to quote the imagery often employed with reference to psychiatric care.9 Pursuing the distinctive atmosphere of the hospital or penitentiary does not feel natural. But where the hospital is concerned, surely what we want to avoid is not the care situation itself but its frequently bare and none too cosy physical setting?

Figure 9. https://section-through-shirishberi-muktangan-drug-deaddiction-centre-pune-200-source-beri?pi9

The concept of nursing includes the feeling of care and security, which is intrinsically positive if it refers to a brief period during which one is in need of support. Correspondingly positive associations are harder to find in the concept of criminal welfare (“prison care”), even though the requirement of social protection is a valid one. Finally, the term “institution” seems to have various connotations, not all of them pejorative. Some maintain that the expression conveyed by the building must in fact be that of the institution – society’s expression of its exercise of authority.

Moreover, Saint Christopher Alexander in his book, A pattern language expressed “the explicit recognition of the life cycle as the basis for every individual life will do a great deal to help people's health in the community life cycle; this pattern describes the more specific institutions which help people to care for themselves and their health. More than 90 per cent Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) 107 Rehabilitation of Circumstantial victims through Built environment

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of the people walking about in an ordinary neighborhood are unhealthy, judged by simple biological criteria.”.10 In this he criticizes the victims that tends to create sickness rather than haling that.

A system of house that's capable of keeping individuals healthy, in each mind and body, should place its stress on health, not illness.

So, it must be physically decentralized, to encourage people in daily practices that lead to health, otherwise this ill health cannot be cured by hospitals or medicine.

•

aim for normalcy

•

avoid institutionalization

•

characterize everyday occupations

2.1.4 Free and Open Atmosphere

One of the terribly foremost challenges the designer should face is that of “creating a free and open atmosphere” – that once more may be a proposal to attain one thing that will

As quoted by Pallasmaa” Aalto wanted to lessen the strain between the client and the interior environment he was living in, especially concerning the technology in the space.” 11.

Alvar Aalto in his design of Piamo Sanatorium, concentrated more on creating social environment with the view of seclusion by proposing each wing oriented in the direction optimally required by its function. At an equivalent time, rooms with the same requirements were grouped together in their own wings. Separating functions was also favourable from the point of view of seclusion.

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The aim of obtaining natural light-weight into the rooms from a favourable direction was additionally achieved. A single building, on the other hand, offered other advantages compared to a design solution where each function has its own completely separate building: in the former, efficiency and internal connections were improved.

Associations with coercion and power ought to if attainable be avoided thus on counteract the institutional stigma and encourage normalcy. In this way we try to avoid constantly reminding the victims of their plight, of the potential threat they are judged to constitute – resulting in self-reproach, feelings of claustrophobia and so on. Paradoxically enough, one sine qua non of being able to create a free and open atmosphere is a simple, unconstrained way of maintaining necessary control. The often extremely specialised facility programmes that area unit at the start desired for the activities ought to be completely penetrated. A high level of facility pooling is proposed. If the layout is organised in such a way that certain parts can be closed, this is an advantage, not least in the evenings, when there are fewer staff on duty.

Figure 11: https://www.iqglassuk.com/products/structural-glass-roofs/s15028/

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.

• a free and open atmosphere • avoidance of associations with power and coercion • overview • address every separate facility • beware of acoustic requirements • use large expanses of glazing and curtains adjacent to areas frequented by victims 2.1.5 DIRECTLY ACCESSIBLE GREEN

Figure 12 : https://www.archdaily.com/396393/the-international-cricket-hall-of-fame-turner/51d20039b3fc4beae100003b-theinternational-cricket-hall-of-fame-turner-sketch-perspective

with fatigue depressions. The subject is being intensively researched at present. Carina Tenngart Ivarsson’s article in the present anthology also delves deeper into the issue.

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2.1.6 THE PERSONAL SPHERE Giving the possible privacy with some social spaces are necessary and are stated as a basic qualification of rapid recovery. But constant withdrawal and continuously keeping oneself to oneself therefore on be spared social contacts and confrontations is usually one in all the symptoms of mental disease, and so care is concerned with developing the victims’s social capacity.

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Joining in meals and communal activities, going for talks with a social worker or doctor.

Meeting a relative in the cafĂŠ. Going on a tour of the healthcare centre campus. All this in order, step by step, to acclimatise oneself to a progressively widening social context.

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2.1.7 FLEXIBILITY AND PROXIMITY

Figure 16: https://uxplanet.org/gestalt-theory-for-ux-design-principle-of-proximity-e56b136d52d1

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2.1.8 VISTAS AND PASSAGES There is a boundary where we feel that someone has got too close to us, a boundary which is individually and culturally defined. We back away or repel the stranger. Alan Botton in his book Architecture of happiness says, “To the mentally ill person, this territorial bubble is for the most part far bigger than for healthy persons, and violation of it's knowledgeable about as a lot of threatening, especially by people in psychotic states. This infringement of seclusion then leads more often to stress and outbreaks of aggression, resulting in threats and violence. It benefits neither the tranquillity of the care unit nor the healing process in the individual.” 16 Thus areas should not be so small that people “trip over each other”.

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2.2 HEALING ELEMENTS

Figure 20: https://www.yogatrail.com/event/yoga-and-the-5-elements-7514233

In architecture creating physical spaces is not only an issue, but designing those spaces by considering human aspects of surrounding in mind is also important. It is usual for people to see architecture just as a place that is meant to be occupied not as a important part of their lives which is closely involved with their sub consciousness .it can influence their behavior, mood, and even their health. Yes, the architecture can affect one’s health by restoring their psyche. A well-planned design may help people who have difficulty to live normal lifestyle because of their ill health by stress, anxiety, disease, addiction etc. may come up with their weaknesses.

2.2.1 COLOUR

Figure 2: https://www.creativebloq.com/colour/colour-theory-11121290

The thoughtful reader must have observed that thus far I have avoided touching on the department’s vision “Colour and design promoting healing processes”. That statement greatly perplexed me on the level of principle, and continues to do so. What is it that has color and style and promotes healing processes? An appealing exterior, direct communication routes, small-scale building development, sheltered patios and so on in a never-ending flood of questions? But, does not everything have a design (shape) and colour?

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Surely these are properties which all architecture possesses, from detail to entirety, from door handle to façade? After all, you don’t first design or construct a building and then tack on the colour and shape of it!

Figure 22: https://www.astellescolors.com/2016/12/15/tension/ nature/heavens/heavenly-hues-17/

:

https://colorpalettes.net/color-palette-2811/

:

https://www.design-seeds.com/in-

Stefan Lundin states, “The Anthroposophical movement at Järna, on the outskirts of Södertälje, Sweden, has long been a guiding star in matters of care. There the ideas of Anthroposophy have been translated into buildings as they were originally worked out by the founder of Anthroposophy (and of the Waldorf education method) Rudolf Steiner and as they have been interpreted by the Asmussen architect practice. The buildings square {measure} an idea each to medicine associate degreed to me as a creator. The department went on a field trip there during the programming phase, and as an architectural student I went there a number of times in the 70s. The Eurhythmics room with its pink-stained wooden panelling, the truncated high room volume, the skylight and the coconut matting on the floor were included in our reference pictures. The treatment rooms were created as an example queries of lighting, bed positioning and vista. I have wrestled with the design of Anthroposophy, and have had mixed feelings about it. I am not learned in its theory however am cautiously sceptical all the same. At the same time the architecture as such has an alluring force in what I see and experience, and I do not believe my impressions are essentially different from those gained by the people from the Psychiatry Department. Here is something which intuitively appeals to us and which I believe the department partly tried to pin down through its desideratum of colour and design promoting healing processes”.18 A little more exactly, this could be put as follows: Figure 23: https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1559711

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Colour usually has completely different meanings to different cultures associate degreed is a vastly aware medium, possessing powers to provoke immediate and marked reactions in the viewer. Its use within the branch of knowledge field dramatically affects everyone’s perception of branch of knowledge house and kind. According to Harold Linton in color design “Almost any generalization that may be created concerning color may be upset in follow.”19 There is power in colour. Each colour has ability to affect architectural planes which allows it the power to accentuate shapes and forms. Also, it can contradict the true form and expression the building wants to be.

Colour will imply proud design or show the building as genre. With the many applications of color, it has the power to change our environment to make a connection with our environment, body, mind, and spirit. Leonardo da Vinci believed that ‘the power of meditation Figure 24: https://www.skillshare.com/projects/Feelings-to-Faces-Core-and-Bonus-Challenge/58684

increases 10 times when done in a purple light, as in the purple light of stained glass”.20 While some colors aid the mind others, green for instance, helps to build muscles, bones and connective tissue. It even has a cooling, soothing and calming effect on individuals, both physically and mentally. It does so through the sympathetic nervous system by relieving tension in blood vessels which then lowers blood pressure. Nonverbal activity is influenced by the colour violet and is often associated with religious and spiritual issues. The slightly different colour purple affects the brain and central nervous system. In doing therefore it promotes health, creativity, inspiration, mental soundness and conjointly supports each prowess and spirituality.

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2.2.2 WATER Huelat, writes about the importance of water as, “Water is symbol of the vitality in life and is a key to the sacredness of a healing architecture. Water can be metaphorical of peace, tranquillity and calm. Conversely, it is also associated with vitality, fertility, abundance, fluidity and movement. Water opens up the contemplative nature of the soul and helps to elicit memories and a sense of belonging. Because water is a feminine energy, it is also associated with the land and with the genius loci”.21 Water helps to distribute vital sheng chi (the bright, refreshing, uplifting feng shui energy that is beneficial to health and well-being) throughout the landscape, both as surface rivers, creeks, and lakes, as well as in underground streams. This force can be tapped by enhancing naturally occurring water in site planning of by introducing it into the site or the structure in gardens, water features, and vistas.

Surface water has the ability to enhance both healing and prosperity, provided it is located on the proper direction in relation to the building and the site. Geomantic practices the world over (such as feng shui) visit ideal locations for water within the landscape. Surface water can be incorporated into a site in many ways: as a gushing stream in a fountain it is symbolic of the life force, of surmounting obstacles, and initiating new life. As a slow moving, meandering stream or creek, water is symbolic of the river of life and our personal life path, and is also symbol of progress and attainment. As a fall, it is symbolic of a leap into the unknown, of courage, and triumph over fear. As a still pool, water is symbolic of contemplation, of the soul’s yearning for truth, renewal and healing.

Figure 25: https://www.usgs.gov/special-topic/water-scienceschool/scienace/water-properties-information-topic?qtscience_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects

Water that disappears into the earth, a cave, or crevice is allegoric of the cycles of life and death and can be a reassuring symbol of our ability to overcome even the direst circumstances.

Adding a bridge over moving water could be a powerful image of our ability to bea t obstacles. It conjointly helps to outline our journey at intervals the landscape and to make a way of natural transition into a lot of pristine environments. Underground water (rivers, aquifers) have the potential to greatly augment the healing power of a site. These can be reliably located by dowsing.

The quality of water is of great concern in geomancy. This not only includes the potability and cleanliness of this valuable resource, but also its energetic integrity. There is growing proof that water is capable of carrying religious data which unless managed consciously, it can lose its power to nourish, regenerate, and heal. The illustrations at left demonstrate however normal water will modification its crystalline structure in response to v erbal stimuli.

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Figure 26: https://www.jacksonsart.com/blog/2017/02/24/landscape-pastellist-teresa-allen-reviews-art-spectrum-soft-pastels/

This potential allows a successful garden to have a healing role even in those situations where physical healing is not possible. Consequently, its users should be a driving force in its design and should be involved in its maintenance.

Healing is achieved through careful alignment with the forces of earth, water, air and fire. It implies recognition of orientation in space in a cosmological sense, and of the anthrop cosmic relationship between man and the larger body of the planet, its creatures, and the invisible forces behind material reality. Its end product is a space where many activities are possible: stillness / movement, contemplation / interaction, wonder / discovery, mystery / creation, relaxation / work.

Gardens should encourage healing through the interaction of victims with healers, family and friends, the old with the young, staff and colleagues, and even the act of bein g in solitude. The garden also needs to provide subspaces and seating arrangements that allow gathering in larger groups. It needs natural, spatially enclosed settings for talk and conversation.

In all cases, however, there is also the interaction of humans and nature: plants, wildlife, and the forces

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of wind, water, light, and color.

Figure 27: https://ed-advance-foothills-adult-continuing-education.coursestorm.com/course/paint-landscapes-in-pastels-litchfield

A healing garden ought to afford opportunities to create choices: non-public areas and public areas, contemplation and people watching, various walking routes, different kinds of seating, interaction with humans and nature, participation in the garden’s maintenance. A healing garden should allow its users to experience a sense of control: users must know it exists, how to gain access to it, they should be able to use it in ways they prefer. They should relish a way of physical and psychological security. Design should encourage clarity of layout and movement. The garden ought to give a way of enclosure and a special entrance to convey a sense of structure, permanence and groundedness. It ought to avoid dead finish ways and complicated formations.

Design needs to create opportunities for movement and exercise; this brings physical and emotional benefits and helps to combat depression. Create ways for walking, create the garden visible from corridors that may even be used for exercise, place rehabilitation units in the view of the garden or nature, add a walking or jogging route for staff.

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2.2.5 SUN Sun exposure is one of the key environmental factors that designers can look at in order to provoke the process of healing and to help relieve symptoms in those who have already incurred the illness. Sun exposure is one latitude dependant environmental factor that is inversely related to MS instance and prevalence 23 according to Dr. Islam of the University of Southern California from the department of preventative medicine.

People have begun to shelter themselves inside, due to more indoor activities, indoor building climates, minimizing the key environmental factor. These shelters cut us off from our nourishment, mainly sunlight, which may be a reason for the spike in diagnosis of illness. Our body relies on sunlight in order to produce adequate amounts of vitamin D. Vitamin D helps with our immune system; in fact, it has strong immune regulatory affects.

Figure29: https://www.genome.gov/27561728/s cientists-discover-topical-insights-intothe-effects-of-sun-exposure-on-skin

It has also been shown that periods of low Vitamin D precede occurrences of high lesion activity whereas periods of high vitamin D precede low lesion activity.

The information that adequate light-weight is required to assist heal weak bodies isn't any new theory. Years ago, before antibiotics, the sole acknowledged “cure� for infectious disease was to urge several rests at intervals Associate in Nursing setting containing clean air and lots of sunshine. Thus, the age of sanatoriums was born.

2.3 Few reports by researchers: The healing environment and evidence-based design is used in many countries.

Researches on the physical features and architecture and healing are represented below: 1. Bryan Lawson (2010). Healing Architecture. The School of Architecture, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

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2. Je This article presents the healthful approach to treat victims’ suffering, psychological health, emotional hardship, psychological response for cancer victims in Grand River Healthcare centre, Ontario. It focuses mainly on, body's ability to "self-heal" once indulged into positive healing environments by activating the body's powerful neurochemicals like, endorphins and by stimulating the senses.

Healing refers to the alleviation of a person's distress, environment can minimize the negative effects of stress on the body, that maximize the effectiveness of crucial medical treatments and procedures. Stress slows down healing, counteracting the medications and treatments victims receive. Environments should forestall the body from weakening owing to stress.

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The paper mainly focuses on● The facade-As it provides the interface between the community and the health care facility.

The facade can be semi-open entrances and atria, natural features of plants and water, art and music, and open to the public. ● Corridor - Quality way finding in healthcare space reduced stress levels for victims’ and visitors. It was observed - "reduction of walking distance for workers end up in better victims care". Corridor is the spatial entity that unites the building. The passageway links rooms for victims’ and workers ought to space of interaction, a quiet space with views. ● The Outdoor Room - A retreat which fosters casual interaction among victims’, staff and the public, and a place for formal community gatherings. Outdoor rooms, courtyards and atria will be a natural focus for a building and build active connections to the healing properties of the flora and fauna.

3. Gary J. Coates. .

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4. Cayser Hussain (2015) Healing Spaces in Architecture This paper focuses on interconnection of a person (victim in this case) with built surroundings by physical, mental, emotional and spiritual means. It represents that, architecture is an inventive expression and it takes a holographic approach at the effectiveness of art to encourage healing. Therapy of connecting with the inner-self to bring about change in a person's loved experience. Four connections that has to be addressed while designing

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3.0 CASE STUDY 3.1 BALA MANDIRA HOSTEL, NIMHANS Located : Bangalore, Karnataka | Occupancy : Male, female and kids

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Objective of providing a space away from home for the patients to recover in the normal environment providing different recreational and outdoor healing spaces. The space with vocational and therapy sections helps them to establish some profession after they go back to society. According to the NIMHANS, many of the patients have adopted the works like carpentry, bakery etc. as their profession after they return back to society.

In residential area it provides the spaces and platform for gathering & communicating with the society with the help of community day care centers as well as long stay homes for the chronically mentally ill health peoples for all the genders.

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space. Absence of definite boundaries of buildings with different activities & functions gives an impression of an ‘institutional village’ metaphorically. Patient are enabled with the ease and comfort to reach the different zones of activity by discarding the approach of traditional barriers. The center is accessible by a 12m. wide road which branches off from the main road connecting to the city. The residential facility is scattered all around the NIMHANS complex (refer layout plan).

Figure 31: Ground floor plan: Rehabilitation center, NIHMANS

Figure 32: First floor plan: Rehabilitation center, NIHMANS

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3.1.1 Conceptual Zoning The front block of the building is occupied by the clinical diagnostic and administrative areas full filling the necessity of quicker and easier access. Except the frontal portion of the building block all other sides are allocated for the vocational areas.

The recreational facilities i.e. the multipurpose hall (Ashwini Hall) is situated just in front of the reception lobby, which is centrally located and has direct access to the entry providing the easy circulation. At the time of special occasions, the outside crowd come in and go outs without interfering the regular functions of other parts of the building.

3.1.2 Vocational Therapy Vocational therapy rooms are located across the courtyard and adjacent to one another providing an ease of access and circulation all along with the scenic view of courtyard giving an impression of calmness, peace and belonging to the nature. These rooms are connected by a circulation spine, corridor around the courtyard and have a scope of spilling out to the courtyard.

There are total of 11 therapy rooms in total which are: • • • • • • • • • • •

Bakery Mat Weaving Basket Weaving Printing Carpentry Pottery Candle Making Typing Leather Work Tailoring Sewing

Courtyard also provides a common space to work together and freely without any restriction of boundaries encouraging the interaction between patients helping them to stand with society.

Courtyard also acts as a buffer space to stop and minimize the noise generated from the work areas like carpentry, printing etc.

There is no standard idea used for the placement of these work stations however the rooms with heavy equipment machinery like carpentry, printing are placed on ground floor while sections of crafting, candle making, leather work, weaving, typing sections are on first floor.

Pottery workshop is installed at the outdoors with a store inside to store the good and product.

3.1.3 Cottages Independent cottages are provided to the patients to live like a normal person’s daily routine when they are recovering at the last stages of their treatment.

The patients living in these units have flexibility in their daily routine, however they have to attend the occupational therapy in the morning, spend their day in the department and come back to their respective accommodations.

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3.1.4 Resident Activity Areas All patients are encouraged to participate or engage in different outdoor and indoor recreational activities going outside which involves active interaction and participation between residents. The ideology of being at home away from home commonly known to be the half way homes. Beside the time, they involve themselves in the vocational work, residents get together in groups for interactive walks appreciating the scenic routes, landscaped gardens or sit around in the courtyards, platforms enjoying evening tea, yoga in morning, breeze.

3.1.5 Front Hostel (Short Stay Victims)

This is one of the part of the rehabilitation center, taken care by Nimhans.

This hostel is assigned for short stay victims, whose case won’t take much of the time to be resolved. Or those victim who needs counselling and training for few days.

Figure 34: Side façade of hostel

Figure 35: Front façade of hostel

Figure 36: Internal courtyard of hostel

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Figure 37: Conceptual plan for short stay hostel

3.1.6 Rear Hostel (Long Stay Victims) This hostel is the other and bigger part of the rehabilitation center, taken care

by Nimhans.

This hostel is assigned for long stay victims, whose case have been pending for years and is stuck due to some inconvenience. And those victims who needs special attention, regular counselling and training to get better.

This hostel comprises of girls from age group of teenagers till women in her 40’s or 50’s.

This hostel comprises of many functional areas which are useful for the victims healing in the rehabilitation center/ shelter.

Figure 38: Front façade of hostel

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Figure 39: Internal tiled corridors

Figure 40: Meeting or group discussion rooms

Figure 41: Semi-open counselling area

Figure 42: Conceptual ground floor plan

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Figure 43: Conceptual first Floor Plan

3.1.7 Ashwini Hall

The multipurpose hall is being used for holding cultural evenings organized by residents, conducting lectures by staff, for watching television, movie shows. Besides the main activity it also provides hub for the indoor gaming activities, informal talks etc. Outdoor games and activities are also being held time to time. Patients form a closely-knit family and develop a strong bond. There is no restriction on the residents for moving out of the facility which helps avoid a forced interaction and boredom.

3.1.8 Courtyard

Courtyards acts as transitional space for the occupational and therapy area. Courtyards haven’t been used efficiently. General seating and trees with platform underneath providing spaces for interaction with the natural shade would have amplified the beauty and functions of courtyard.

Flowering trees blooming in different seasons, shedding their leaves would have connected the patient to nature more efficiently.

3.1.9 Architectural Expressions

Building form is simple and basic rectilinear shapes projecting a simple façade with the warm and friendly spaces. Acc. To the survey conducted 11 out of 15 patients liked the building for its simple spaces and the low-rise structure.

A uniform application of stone on the wall offers as variety on visual perception. Window shade and uniformity in character expresses systemization, regularization, familiarity, gains patients’ confidence and avoids confusion. Application of stone walls also extends its approach to the vernacular expression thus acting as an aid to make the expression more environment friendly.

3.1.10 Critical Appraisal

Introverted character of the block works on the clear cut and systematic flow pattern. It’s a compact plan with residential, occupational therapy room and the recreational facilities in close proximity, giving a feeling of togetherness.

Various landscape elements with the spaces for seating and the scenic views throughout the complex develops thought of peace, calmness and belonging in nature.

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3.2 SHARDA HOSPITAL FOR MENTAL DISEASE (SHMD), DELHI

Figure 44: Ground Floor Plan: SHMD, Delhi

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Located isolated or secluded from the city this hospital is another respectable facility offering a wide range of medical and therapeutic treatment in the field of mental illness.

SHMD is a large complex with different functional components connected with open as well as semi-open corridors to provide a restriction free movement and enabling the ease in the lives metaphorically. Institute provides out-patient consultancy & in-patient treatment facilities with recreational spaces.

3.2.1 Conceptual Zoning

The zones are divided according to its use in public, semi-public and private zones placing the public zones closer to the access roads. Facilities like reception & OPD connecting to administration and canteen are at the entrance or in the vicinity. Facilities like therapeutically areas, medical treatment and accommodations have been pushed further inside to develop as isolated blocks but accessible by really long elongated corridors opening into the courtyard on a side.

The hospital complex as a whole comprises of the following areas with different functional components.

• • • • •

OPD Administration Services Residential Wards (Male/Female) Occupational Therapy Medical & Therapeutic Rooms

The occupational therapy rooms are located on the outer periphery of the main circular block provided with the double height, spacious and airy space. Large windows are provided on the side of the room and services are on the other side. So, the therapy rooms are connected to stores, bathrooms, offices etc. The simple and efficient planning tempting patients to move around accessing the open staircase in the atrium to reach different occupational room on first floor.

The central courtyard provides natural light and ventilation for rooms and even acts as an element of interest to patients by bringing the nature within reach.

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3.3. MUKTANGEN MITRA, PUNE Location: Mohanwadi,Off Alandi Road, Yerawada, Pune, Maharahtra-411006 ARCHITECT: - Designed by Ar. Shirish Beri

Figure 45: Google image of location of de-addiction centre

3.3.1. HIERARCHY OF SPACES The basic plan is a radial layout with a central open space allowing diffused light in to the reception area. The absence of a visual barrier from the reception to the reception to the other areas makes the best of the space easily visible. The private spaces like meditation room in front area makes it permeable to all kinds of traffic. The massing of beams that act as sun shading devices create optimum lighting conditions.

Figure 46: conceptual presentation of ground floor

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3.3.2. SECTION THROUGH MEDITATION ROOM

The natural lighting solutions are a perfect solution for the meditation and the other spaces that require diffused lighting rather than harsh direct lighting, creating a sober atmosphere. The diffused created by offsetting the ceiling and by providing openings makes the place very serene and appropriate for activities therapy to take place here. The massing of beams that act as sun shading devices that produce optimum lighting conditions that such an area is molded for the victims. All the places unify into the oat making it a focus for the entire rehab. The small enclosed and landscaped atmosphere breathes light and joy in the building. It binds the various functions of the buildings together, creating a much-needed sense of belonging. A central sky lighting has been adopted to make way for entry of diffused light into the reception waiting and central making it a pleasant place.

Figure 47: http://shirishberi.com/

The entrance lobby incorporates 1.5 m wide corridor-runs on one side and consolation rooms on the other side. Entry of dispersed light into the reception waiting and central shaping it, in a gratifying place.

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Figure 48: http://shirishberi.com/

A balance has been affected in between a way of freedom and disciplinary management. The design unifying transparency becomes communicative of this freedom and expands the visual and physical interaction thereby reducing the isolated and alienated feeling. Even the main entrance is transparent. The transparency the cutouts, the terraced balconies and the seating encourage the victims to open up.

3.3.3. DESIGN ALNALYSIS The orientation of the site with victims’ wards and other accommodation areas to the cooler northside, with other activities falling in the south. The small landscape Amphitheatre used for group meetings and group therapies instills more of an informal and open feeling rather than a closed formal meeting area. Due to the availability of high compound wall for external security associate degree of unrestricted freedom has been achieved with the flowing forms and semi open spaces.

The massing of the structure makes way for a comfortable interior temperature. It creates a sense of discipline and security.

Figure 49: http://shirishberi.com/

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The diffused light provided in the mediation room provides a great healing space through the walls are exposed to the east and west and absence of any big openings and the ceiling offset lighting creates serene atmosphere. Rubble stone, with landscaping in the Amphitheatre, creates a natural environment, enabling better healing.

The radial layout in the central area becomes disadvantageous especially because all the other activities are connected through this area. The absence of a visual barrier in the reception waiting area leaves the victims exposed to the visitors and the other people coming.

The areas like meditation room are for a private use only, but it falls to the public zone and the entry to it is also through the public area making it less it less private due to the exposure of visitors entry to it through the public area making it less private due to the exposure of visitors.

The climate in Pune is hot and humid due climate has been well dealt, admin area shadowing the open area and the library on the first floor to the south is well ventilated.

There is continuously a danger of a victim escaping or fleeing away so wall height is over than 3m.

Figure 50: http://shirishberi.com/

3.3.4. INFERENCE Visual clarity and an openness in vision makes up for a better treatment place a visual barrier, if not a physical one is necessary to separate the important zones and to avoid the exposure of the victims to the visitors.

3.4 SOCSO REHAB CENTER, MELAKA Client: Social Security Organization Malaysia Architect: Anuar Aziz Architect Location: Malaysia Figure 51: https://www.google.com/search?q=SO CSO+rehab+center,+Melaka&safe=stri ct&rlz=1C1CHZL_enIN748IN748&so urce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ah UKEwjjhIaRua3mAhWGzDgGHSYBwcQ_AUoA3oECBcQBQ&biw=91 6&bih=645#imgrc=dHYCikd0ESwhp M:

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PERKESO rehabilitation Center is a project that was initiated since 2008 while it was proposed and discussed many years before that. The main purpose for this rehabilitation center to be constructed is based on the positive attribute of providing those with the PERKESO insurance holder and workers to undergo physiology and vocational rehabilitation so that they can return to their normal life

Figure 52:https://archello.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/images/2014/07/31/01-Administration-Block.1506074181.3677.jpg

3.4.1 BUILDING PROGRAM This rehabilitation center provides conducive healing program to those who are afflicted with physical and mental disabilities where it excels in providing physiotherapy, occupation therapy, hydrotherapy, speech impairment therapy and vocational training and healing that will help the people to return to their work, Generally, this rehabilitation facility is the first of its kind that introduce an integration between the program of therapeutic vocational rehabilitation, medical institute with an allied health institute. Located at Mukim Durian Tunggal, Melaka, this space composition of this facility was design to form several clusters that were connected to one another to ease the circulation of the pedestrian and wheelchair user.

For those who are afflicted with the mobility impaired, a buggy was prepared to help with their movement. When this project was banned, the main objective that they want to achieve is to ranked as the best planned rehabilitation facility comparable to the international standards.

The segregation of spaces of this facility were mainly divided by physical divisions every block that were erected will sustain its own program among the cluster. Each block in each cluster of space is supplementing one another in terms of the program each cluster will supplement others cluster thus creating a whole ecosystem of program within the facility itself.

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Figure 53: https://architizer.com/projects/socso-rehabilitation-centre/

Figure 54: https://architizer.com/projects/socso-rehabilitation-centre/

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3.4.2. RELATION BETWEEN THE PROGRAM AND THE PURPOSE

Facilities

Programs

Descriptions

Speech Therapy

Speech therapy

Hydrotherapy

Arthritis and rheumatic

Gymnasium

Physical exercises

To provide intense physical training for victims to test their physical ability and accordingly build up strength to gain confidence.

Physiotherapy

Physical injuries

Treatment for patient through physical exercises, physical interactions or massage or water and heat treatment.

Assessment Clinic

Assess victims; level of This assess the victims’ health condition prioritized while duration of treatment and making sure the victims is well and fine.

impairment Help those who afflicted with speech difficulties either they were born with it or due to any traumatic sufferings.

related Water as medium of treatment, it can be used to treat many illnesses.

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3.4.3. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT The PERSEKO rehabilitation center utilizing the element of nature in their design with the implementation of nature friendly construction technology.

This facility was design with the therapeutic approach as the main architectural language with the integration of high-tech devices and information technology.

Several of the green technology approach that can be analyze is the use of the glazed mirror as the window that can filter out heat with high efficiency in which about 60% of the heat from direct sunlight will be reflected. The provision of the water catchment system that able to channel rain water directly from the roof to underground water reservoir. This center conjointly utilizes solar energy, as the mode to enlighten the streetlights adjoining the center.

Figure 55: https://architizer.com/idea/1031265/

To minimize the use of energy, the air-conditioning system will be using a centralize system with the gas that were use are free from chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emission. Even the lighting fixture that were install is using T%-type LED where in total of 30%of the electrical consumption can be deducted.

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universal design ideas ‘access for all’ concept by introducing ‘primary spine’ as walkway connecting one cluster to another.

Figure 56: The Roof Plan of the Overall Facility and Services Provided by the Facility (www.arte-axis.com)

As to accommodate to the wheelchair user, several nodes or ‘pausing point’ were created along the pathway as the resting place. The building and spaces were clustered together based on their function of building program.

Meanwhile, the main healthcare building utilizing the concept of ‘The Healing Hand’ where big enormous centralize block will act as palm of the hand on the ground floor level while several further blocks will void- deck out of the main block proffering the illusion of the finger.

Figure 57: Ground Floor Plan of the main healthcare facility resembling a palm of a hand. (www.arte-axis.com)

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those who undergo industrial rehab and the second group is those who want to get prosthetic at prosthetic workshop.

For the first-floor level of the facility, they were mainly focusing on treatment and rehabilitation where they provide several types of treatment to the specific type of victim.

Each of the treatment were located inside of the individual block with shared circulation space as indicated in figure 58.

Figure 58: First Floor Plan with thirsted block resembling the fingers (www.arteaxis.com)

After that, the user will be directed towards healing facility where canteen, main rehab block and are organized in circular fashion with musolla being the main pivotal point.

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situated where all the main facilities and the living quarters creating the shape of the palm.

Surrounding the facility itself, shaded calming garden was provided as one of the means for therapy. Integrating softscape and hardscape will generate a very strong architectural healing language that will take up all program along.

3.4.4. THERAPEUTIC DESIGN ELEMENT Looking on the perspective of architectural concept approach, the placement of the building is taking into consideration so the minimal amount of the changes that required to be implemented during the construction process while preserving and enhancing if necessary. To increase the legibility of each cluster for easy identification, each building from each cluster were given a unique architectural language with all the cluster will be given an emphasize on ‘green design approach’. A special treatment was to be given to the building orientation, maximizing the use of natural ventilation and lighting and shading panels. This approach that took a different route from the conventional hospital and focusing more to create corporate environment is mean to speed up the healing process.

Therapeutic design approach

Therapeutic elements

Biophilic Design

Pocket integration

Acting as node point in the way throuhought centre for victims and staffs.

Framing views

Sense of closure with nature and boosting victims for recovery

Lighting

Façade consisting huge with shading device

Color

Color utilization for reviving senses of victims

Sensory Design

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design Description

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Figure 60: Implementing the concepts of open passageway (www.arteaxis.com)

Figure 61:https://architectureprize.com/winners/winner.php?id=59116&mode=hm

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3.5 QUESTIONNAIRES (taken up while on case study) Interviewee: Ganga M. Nair (Counsellor and a psychologist) Interviewer: Author 1. Is there a particular piece of art, furniture, or clothing in your personal space or life that could truly describe your style? Describe it...

I do not have a particular object but I have always liked things, clothes and art that resemble nature and natural things.

2. What alternative suggestions would you put up for this kind of facility?

If you will include stay rooms for the family of the victims maybe a mini spa should be good for them.

3. What is the feeling that you want to give to the spaces?

I have no experience dealing with interior design, but there is something that always bothers me about these kinds of centers, at least some of the ones that I have visited, they are always closed and claustrophobic. It is important for the victim and the therapist to be an in an ample space with natural lighting if possible, Now when designing this center, you have to be careful because there is good amount of equipment that has to be fixed to the wall for the therapies.

4. The color palette should be...

Sober and comfortable for eyes 5. What colors would you like to see?

I am not sure if you know that some of the equipment used for the therapies has a range of colors that are used to identify the resistance and weight of these.

I think that the colors implemented for the interiors should be neutral and maybe traditional colors, but the colors for the furniture and smaller things should be more colorful so there is a contrast in the space.

I don't really know which colors I would like to see there but maybe you should do a small study about the colors that could be stimulating for the victim.

6. The ambient lighting should be‌ Comment: Depending in the space that you are working on. There should be always bright light to stimulate the victim natural if possible.

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7. What are some ideas that you would like to implement in this area?

I would like to see something like a hotel hobby, not the typical hospital or healthcare waiting area that depress you.

8. What is comfortable to you?

A space that is simple high ceilings and cozy furniture.

9. What are three words that should describe the feeling of the space that you are trying to achieve?

Spacious Illuminated and Comfortable 10. The stay rooms should include…

Comment: If you are going to have rooms for the victims there should be a service for food to be delivered to be delivered to their rooms, like in hospitals.

11. Should the stay rooms give a feeling of a hotel or healthcare setting?

It would be really nice to have a room that feels that you are in hotel, it would improve the experience of the victim. You have to consider that there are equipment’s that have to be used in the rooms for the therapy, 12. what do you think about an interactive garden in this facility?

I think it would be good for the victim to receive the therapy in a natural environment which sometimes is more stimulating that an enclosed setting at least for gait training which is walking.

13. Do you think the facility should use sustainable materials?

If, it is possible yes. It is good both people of the environment.

14. Based on the selection of the site you consider nature to be a key player in this project. In which spaces would you like to implement the views to the natural element’s?

List so as order of importance on scale of 5.

• • • • •

Stay rooms for victims Gym Therapy Area Pool or a water body Lobby Waiting

15. How the stress of victims could be reduced?

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By amusive their mind to beautiful view or art displays, and engaging them in different activities.

16. Types of material and textures to be used?

It ought to build victim feel pleasant and it shouldn’t look claustrophobic.

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4.0 ANALYSIS DESIGN THEORY FOR REDUCING AGGRESSION (ULRICH 2012)

Figure 62: https://naturesacred.org/natural-design-for-better-health-an-interview-with-dr-roger-ulrich/

“Architecture has its own realm. It has a special physical relationship with life. I do not think of it primarily as either a message or a symbol, but as an envelope and background for life, which goes on, in and around it, a sensitive container for the rhythm of footsteps on the floor, for the concentration of work, for the silence of sleep.”-Peter Zumthor.

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4.1. ANALYSIS AS PER LITERATURE STUDY Healing people suffering from traumatic events, such as, Domestic Abuse, Major Accidents, Rape, etc require multiple aspects of physical and psychological therapy to facilitate their recovery back to normalcy. These aspects cannot be provided, or fulfilled by one certain element. Rather it would require an amalgamation of multiple elements working together to achieve the required effect. In Healing Architecture, architecture elements require to fulfil certain properties to facilitate healing.

As analysed by various studies above, following properties are required to be present to Healing Architecture elements.

•

First, the element shouldn't compromise with the functionality of the whole healing process; if it does, it would not be helpful at all.

•

Second, the element should facilitate both psychologically and physically; if either one of them is compromised it may lead to drastic effect. For example, people suffering from low mental health could tend to look towards physical harm, suicide, etc, hence compromising physical health. Same can be said for the opposite situation too, I.e., low physical health can lead to low mental health.

•

Third, the architecture element should minimize stress. It has been well researched fact that stress leads to low mental and physical health. If stress factor is present in a healing environment, it will surely hinder the healing process.

•

Fourth, the element should enhance social support. Humans are social creature, and requires presence of other human for sound health. If isolated from other, they tend to go towards self-harm, and hence is harmful in healing environment.

•

Fifth, various studies have proved that nature plays a vital role in healing a human being. Hence, architecture should help in increase interaction between man and nature.

•

Sixth, often in situation of traumatic incidents, people lose their inspiration to live on; loses sight to live for. Its architecture element should help in bringing that inspiration back.

This would greatly help in healing process, if people have reason to live for.

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And, lastly, as it is said the healing process starts from within. If a person wants to recover, they will surely recover. Hence, the element should help in enhancing the victim's feeling to increase the healing process.

If the architecture element, fulfil these points than it should be applied during construction of healing architecture, if not, then changes should be made.

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Statistical Representation of Analysis:

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Statistical Representation of Analysis:

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4.2 IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT HEALING ELEMENTS

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4.3 ANALYSIS AS PER RESEARCH PAPERS

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4.4 COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CASE STUDIES

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5.0 Design considerations The physical aspects affecting the healing environment in the health care centers are identified on the basis of case studies, literature reviews, analysis and the critical observation.

5.1 SUBSEQUENT PARAMETERS:

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•

COURTYARD PLANNING/HEALING COURTYARD

Figure 63: Conceptual sketch (Author)

The Rehabilitation Garden area provides a serious, outside therapy training area with features intentionally designed to help victims improve in a real-life environment. Such features include a putting green for balance, outdoor games for manual dexterity and memory function, garden signage for language skills, and various pathways, pavement surfaces, and stair configurations for victims navigating with walkers, wheelchairs, and canes. By utilizing the outdoor Rehabilitation Garden space, therapists can increase victims progress and upliftment them promptly and let them live their life on their own!

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•

BUILDING LOCATION

The good planning for any public program essentially the centers of this nature depends on the selection of suitable site. They should be built in pure, unpolluted environments, surrounded by extensive and thick vegetation. It must be ensured that the activities harmful for the surrounding environment should not be in reach like distillery or industrial set-up which may release harmful elements into the environment.

The other factors that require attention while selecting the site is to determine the solar orientations, prevailing wind direction and annual climate pattern of that area which are going to affect the nature of design directly. Site should be placed in an area that permits free exchange of thoughts, desires and hopes with outside world so to recover fast from the trauma they have suffered. Site area should be large enough to provide adequate space suitable to create a pleasant environment close to the ground capturing different frames with the change of seasons. •

BUILDING TYPE

Architecture should evolve quite naturally from the character of its age and local surrounding depicting the culture. Building should appear like the integral part of the setting. Approach towards simpler and more organic is appreciated. Circle and square the basic forms found familiar to users and helps users to become comfortable. Building should not be very institutional in appearance and scale of structure and spaces should be humane. The structure should be low-rise and in close proximity to nature. Scattered approach in placement of buildings proved out to be a better approach as it helps in Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) 107 Rehabilitation of Circumstantial victims through Built environment

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producing a quality of spaces in between. Internal and external courts, water bodies, gazebos, landscaped gardens, water body all should be integral to that place •

SITE ZONING APPROACH

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attention to the beautiful side of life from the pain and suffering. Involvement of victim in painting/ fine art or craft, perchance, forget the victims’ problems/ sufferings. Books, literature, wall pieces, music, yoga, colour, meditation, prayer and aroma also have the power to heal. Various types of sensory experience aquarium or water feature, massage, acupuncture, guide imagery and visualization can boost the immune system and develop coping skill. •

INTERACTION SPACES

Linear planning with zero negative spaces which would allow them to be in open spaces, interacting and spending time with each other. There should be freedom to the victim to decide own level of social interaction.

There should be various interaction spaces of different seating capacities so that the victim would be able to interact according to his comfort level. It has Figure 65: Conceptual sketch (Author)

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been observed that sharing problems and listening to others problems reduces the attention from one's own problem. A landscape amphitheatre, garden, courtyard, atrium could also be used as interaction space.

Negative, isolated or acute angled spaces create a zone where the victims might tend to go and isolate themselves and get herself in depression and all the flashbacks once again and which would slow down the rehabilitation process.

•

QUALITY CORRIDOR

it has been proved in studies that stuff and care taker spend most of the time in wandering between different rooms and spaces, which decreases be the amount of time and care given to the victim. The hallway ought to be halfway in.

•

NORMALCY

The victim feels comfortable, encouraged and supported in presence of familiar and recognizable environment. The feeling of being cared and supported increases the health outcomes. The friendly atmosphere and homely adobe/ conditions briskly increase the recovery rate. Also, building plain frontal façade of the project to give a curiosity for the visitors to get to know what is their inside.

Figure 67: Conceptual sketch (Author)

•

PRIVACY

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As studies advised, that there’s accelerated recovery rate in single bedded wards.

Figure 68: Conceptual sketch (Author)

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•

THERAPEUTIC HEALING GARDENS

Traditional healing gardens area unit usually found inside or adjacent to indoor health care settings. Healing gardens may be found in psychological state healthcare centres, colleges and centers for the disabled, hospices and nursing homes; but, presumably the foremost common samples of healing gardens area unit found within or adjacent to healthcare centres and Alzheimer’s treatment facilities. Healing Gardens meant for users that area unit specifically sick or disabled are helpful to the extent that these special wants populations area unit gift and ready to physically or at least visually access these sites.

However, even inside a health care setting, healing gardens area unit usually employed by a bigger population as well as workers and guests furthermore as victimss and/or residents.

The gardens promote: 1.

Relief from symptoms

2.

Stress reduction

3.

Improvement in overall sense of wellbeing and hopefulness

Healing gardens dissent somewhat from therapeutic landscapes, that is another term employed in health care. Therapeutic landscapes or gardens area unit designed to fulfill Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Page 82 of 107 Rehabilitation of Circumstantial victims through Built environment

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the actual wants of a selected victims population. They often engage that population actively and deliberately. Healing gardens, on the opposite hand, generally aim for a more passive involvement and are designed to provide benefits to a diverse population with different needs.

1. Nature provides a great distraction. Because we tend to area unit genetically programmed to seek out nature riveting, we tend to area unit absorbed naturally scenes and distracted from our pain and discomfort.

2. Nature reduces stress and anxiety. One clarification for this can be that nature provides a respite from the constant effort to separate competitive stimuli in our busy lives.

Because humans realize nature inherently riveting, we do not need to create a trial to focus once bestowed with natural views. This reduces mental fatigue and refreshes the mind.

3. Plants offer psychological comfort. As one investigator during this space, Lewis, says "Plants take away some of the anxiety and tension of the immediate now by showing us that there are lengthy, enduring motification of life." Their blooming rate is stable and escalting, not unpredictable.

Healing gardens area unit effective if they foster the subsequent elements:

2. Social support

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Horticulture could be a common component of recreational medical care, where gardening may be included as part of treatment programs. Prominent medicine clinical psychologist and author Sue Stuart-Smith points out that operating during a walled garden offers a way of protection to people afflicted with trauma or a mental breakdown.

Gardening is also helpful for victimss looking to improve their motor skills. As an active activity, it promotes eye-hand coordination, variation of motion and endurance. For the disabled, equipment and garden structures should be designed to increase accessibility and accommodate varying needs.

•

PARTIAL AQUA THERAPY

The healing properties of water have been utilized by civilizations for centuries. From the Egyptian royal baths infused with oils and salts to the communal pools used in the great cities of Rome during its height to the still famous baths of Budapest, Hungary, societies have known that water heals. The water shares its benefits with more than just the body. A quiet pool offers an Aqua Therapist the setting to initiate stress reduction techniques such as deep breathing, visualization and employing slow, deliberate movements while concentrating on the ‘feelings’ the water elicits.

Water does have therapeutic impact on human health. Quiet pools, as well as flowing steam beds have ability to relax the mind. Fish tanks, and fountains and ponds could reduce anxiety and pain. However, contact with water should avoided because there is high risk of infection through it.

Figure 70: Conceptual sketch (Author)

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. •

INTERACTIVE LEARNING SPACES/ RECOVERY SPACES

The purpose of these spaces, is to support pedagogy that moves off from traditional normal lecture-based course to an engaged learning course.

Interactive activities improve levels of learning. Instructors and students find interactive spaces engaging, and engagement is expected to increase learning outcomes.

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though, are commonly staggered with active learning pedagogy since instructors, teaching in interactive area tend to additionally promote active learning pedagogy. More analysis is required to unsnarl learning gains from the academic style, schoolroom context, hence, the connected incorporation of tech.

Figure 72: Conceptual sketch (Author)

•

OUTDOOR ROOMS, TERRACES AND BALCONIES

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•

COLOR

COLOR

GENERAL RESPONSE

Blue

Peaceful, comfortable, restful, contemplative

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Black

Despondent, ominous, powerful, strong.

White

Cool, pure, clean

Yellow

Cheerful, inspiring, vital

Purple

Dignified, mournful

Red

Stimulating, hot, active, happy

Orange

Lively, energetic, exuberant

Green

Calm, serene, refreshing

Pastel Colours

Neutral, non- respondent, soothing

Colors have high degree of impression on human mind developing emotion, strength. Presence of warm and luminous colors shows increase activity, alertness and high participation while pure colors imparts dramatics and cheerfulness more than the tint & shades.

Apart from the colour’s impression, color treatment should be based on the quality of time and activity for which room has to be used. The size of the surface is also an important factor, as the large surfaces should be in pastel and soft hues while small surfaces should be bright in colors. it has been that with pastel color scheme victim seem to be satisfied.

Schematic colours and tones vary the stimulation and soothing effect to victims. Perimeter walls could be painted with dark colors to increase the luminance contrast with adjacent windows. The layers of filled colours allow light the luminance contrast with adjacent windows. The layers of filled colours allow light that penetrate outer of colors to reflect illuminating tones from inside.

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•

Design 1: NIGHTSTAND

Figure 74: Conceptual front view of 3-D models (Author)

Figure 75: Conceptual view of 3-D models (Author)

A nightstand, or else night table, side table, day stand or side cupboard, could be a tiny table or cupboard designed to face beside a bed or elsewhere during a chamber, with different shades of brightness and laziness .

It is basically a table or cabinet designed often to stand beside a bed or elsewhere in a bedroom.

Modern nightstands square measure typically tiny side tables, usually with one or typically a lot of drawers and/ or shelves and fewer usually with a little door

•

Design 1: PLANTER WALL

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Figure 76: Conceptual front view of 3-D model (Author)

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Plants with healing properties less maintenance and aesthetic appealing to people, like houseplants: succulents, money plants, croton, flowering plants, creepers (bougainvillea) etc.

Figure78: https://morningchores.com/types-ofsucculent/

Succulents: Types: Jade plant, burro’s-tail, echeveria, viper’s bowstring hemp, Aloe Vera, portulacaria afra, spiral aloe, hawaorthia, hedgehog aloe, tiger tooth aloe, candelabra aloe, peyote, hawaorthia retusa, etc.

Effects: for great health, air purifier, prevents diseases, aid in quicker recovery, part of it are even used for medicinal usages, brighten up interior space in any kind of climate, improve humidity of a room, adds fresh oxygen to the environment, can increase pain tolerance, also enhances memory, and many more.

Figure79: https://www.google.com/searc h?q=types+of+succulents&safe=s trict&rlz=1C1CHZL_enIN748IN7 48&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa= X&ved=2ahUKEwjCn8qqja3mAh V9yDgGHYYHBYgQ_AUoAXoE CA8QAw&biw=794&bih=606#imgrc=F7VC6TcxcBoTdM:

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•

Design 2: SUCCULENT POT (MULTIUSAGE)

Succulents have recently gained popularity over past recent years. And currently, worldwide air quality has been increasing problems health wise.

And it’s important to have an addition of flora in out daily livelihood, s it not only adds up in beauty to interior space but also provides a calming effect, which is necessary for at least a rehabilitation shelter.

A ceramic or terracotta pot which can be used in 2 ways: •

As normal pots on shelves on cupboards on floor, • Or either like mounted on wall displaying as a succulent wall.

Figure 80: Conceptual views of 3-d model (Author)

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6.0 CONCLUSIONS The ability of architecture to heal the mental and physical illness with the different planning parameters and the elements that can enhance healing has been explored.

Without compromising on the need, the ability of all victims to be outdoors in a good environment is, in my view, the absolutely greatest strength in the design of this caring environment.

Victims often experience different needs from time to time, and so the architect should consciously design the place or the environment so as to facilitate the process which recovery.

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7.0 REFERENCES 1. Barabara,J. Huelat. Healing environments: Design for the body, mind & spirit. Arlington, VA: Peecapress, 2003 2.2 Dalley, Tessa, Art as Therapy An Introduction to the use of art as a therapeutic technique.

London: Tavistock Publications, 1984 3.Strenernberg, M. Esther, Healing spaces: The science of place and well being. Harverd University Press, 2009 4. Strenernberg, M. Esther, Healing spaces: The science of place and well being. Harverd University Press, 2009 5. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 6. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 7. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 8. Zumthor, Peter. Thinking Architecture. Lars Müller, 1998. Print.Hamish Hamilton, 2006. Print.

9. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 10. Alexander, Christopher, A Pattern Language. Oxford University press. 1977 11. Pallasmaa, Juhani. The Eyes of the Skin. Great Britain: John Wiley and Sons, 2005 12. Huelat, B. Healing environments: Design for the body, mind & spirit. Arlington, VA: Peecapress, 2003 13. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 14. Huelat, B. Healing environments: Design for the body, mind & spirit. Arlington, VA: Peecapress, 2003 15. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 16. Cooper Marcus, C. and Barnes, M. Healing Gardens: Therapeutic benefits and design recommendations. New York: Wiley, 1999 17. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

Architecture Research Foundation, 2010 18. Lundin, Stefan, Architecture as Medicine– the Importance of Architecture in Psychiatry.

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19. Linton, H. Color in architecture: Design methods for buildings, interiors, and urban spaces.New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill companies, Inc.. 3, 1999.

20. Ott, J. Light, radiation, and you: How to stay healthy. 22-30, 1992.

21. Huelat, B. Healing environments: Design for the body, mind & spirit. Arlington, VA: Peecapress, 2003 22. Francis, Mark and Randolph T. Hester, Jr. The Meaning of Gardens. The MIT Press.

Cambridge, Massachusetts and London, England, 1990.

23. Munger, [K.L.], Zhang, [S.M.], O’Reilly, E., Hernan, [M.A.], Olek, [M.J.], Willet, [W.C.], Ascherio, A. Vitamin D intake and incidence of multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2004

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8.0 ANNEXURE: PLAGIARISM CHECK CERTIFICATE

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