Women Rehabilitation Centre

WOMEN REHABILITATION CENTRE

Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelors’ of Architecture Degree

Session: 2018-19

GUIDE

SUBMITTED BY

Ar. Anoop Sharma

Ishani Dayal

School of Architecture & Landscape Design Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University Katra, Jammu & Kashmir Session: 2018-19

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Ishani Dayal

Women Rehabilitation Shelter

Bachelor of Architecture Thesis - 2018 School of Architecture and Landscape Design Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University

Entry No.: 14BAR013

Guide :

Ar Anoop Sharma, Assistant Professor, SoALD SMVDU

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CERTIFICATE This is hereby certified that this Thesis entitled ‘Women Rehabilitation Shelter’ at Vrindavan, has been submitted by Ishani Dayal, Entry No. 14BAR013 in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Architecture, Session 2018-19.

Recommended By: Ar. Anoop Sharma (Thesis Guide)

Ar. Anoop Sharma (Thesis Coordinator)

Accepted By: (Head - SoALD)

Jury Members:

(1)

(2)

(3)

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DECLARATION

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PREFACE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1 Synopsis 1.1.1 Aim of Thesis 1.1.2 Objectives 1.1.3 Scope 1.1.4 Beneficiary 1.1.5 Methodology 1.1.6 Broad Requirements 1.2 Case Studies Targeted 1.2.1 Bala Mandira, NIHMANS 1.2.2 Gramhaat, Mahila Seva Housing Trust 2. Site Study and Analysis 2.1 Site: Vrindavan 2.1.1 Promoter 2.1.2 Connectivity 2.1.3 Physical Traits 2.1.4 Land Use 2.1.5 Bye-Laws 2.1.6 Slope Analysis 3. Literature Study 3.1 L-1: Veilige Veste, Leeuwarden, the Netherlands 3.1.1 Concept 3.1.2 Design 3.1.3 Details 4. Case Study 4.1 Bala Mandira Hostel, NIMHANS, Bangalore 4.1.1 Conceptual Zoning 4.1.2 Vocational Therapy 4.1.3 Cottages 4.1.4 Resident Activity Areas 4.1.4.1 Front Hostel (Short Stay Victims) 4.1.4.2 Rear Hostel (Long Stay Victims) 4.1.5 Ashwini Hall 4.1.6 Courtyard 4.1.7 Architectural Expressions 4.1.8 Critical Appraisal 4.2 Gramhaat, Mahila Seva Housing Trust 4.2.1 Design/Drawings 4.3 Sharda Hospital for Mental Disease (SHMD), Delhi

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5. Functional Programme 5.1 Building Entrance 5.2 Reception 5.3 Therapy Areas 5.4 Administrative Areas 5.5 Residential Areas 5.6 Additional Services 5.7 Epilogue 6. Design Considerations & Area Chart 6.1 Area Chart 6.2 Design Considerations 6.3 Gradual Designs 7. References 8. Project Drawings (A3 Size)

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1.0 INTRODUCTION Indian women often face many difficulties within their family, community, and Indian society.

Women who have experienced domestic violence and abuse, widows, destitute and deserted women, women ex-prisoners, and women who are victims of abject social situations most often do not have a source of help and refuge.

In times of difficulty such vulnerable women not only need protection and assistance, but also guidance and support to be able to ease back into society safely and to take back control and dignity within their lives.

In order to maintain that such marginalized women can become active members of society and reintegrate back into normal living along with their dependent children and family, assistance and guidance is vital.

1.1 SYNOPSIS 1.1.1 Aim of Thesis

The proposal is called for a safe house and shelter for women in difficult circumstances, designed to provide a flexible and innovative approach to cater to the needs of various women in distress. Shelter and protection will be provided, in addition to access to services including counselors, medical doctors, legal advice, and protection. The safe house seeks to address the specific vulnerability of each group of women in difficult circumstances through integrated approaches.

1.1.2 Objectives

i) To provide primary need of shelter, food, clothing and care to the marginalized women/girls living in difficult circumstances who are without any social and economic support. ii) To rehabilitate them socially and economically through education, awareness, skill up gradation and personality development through behavioral training etc... iii) To arrange for specific clinical, legal and other support for women/girls in need of those intervention by linking and networking with other organizations in both Govt. & Non-Govt. sector on case to case basis.

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iv) To provide such other services as will be required for the support and rehabilitation to such women in distress.

1.1.3 Scope

The project would focus on mostly the vulnerable part of the society, and the project would cater rehabilitation center and proper housing area, for short stay and long stay victims.

1.1.4 Beneficiary

(i) Women victims of domestic violence and abuse, including dowry cases, rape, and physical and emotional abuse (ii) Widows deserted by their families and relatives and left uncared near religious places where they are victims of exploitation; (iii) Women prisoners released from jail and without family support (iv) Women survivors of natural disaster who have been rendered homeless and are without any social and economic support; (v) Trafficked women/girls rescued or runaway from brothels or other places or women/girl victims of sexual crimes who are disowned by family. (vi) Women victims of terrorist/extremist violence who are without any family support and without any economic means for survival; (vii) Mentally challenged women (except for the psychotic categories) who are without any support of family or relatives. (viii) Women with HIV/AIDS deserted by their family or women who have lost their husband due to HIV/AIDS and are without social/economic support (ix) similarly placed women in difficult circumstances.

1.1.5 Methodology

The methodology to arrive at a design solution comprises of the following steps: (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) (vi) (vii) (viii)

Objectives and data collection.

Collect basic information about the project and its promoting body.

Frame objectives, scope and limitations of the project.

Study of site and analysis of available information.

Case study Selection of case study.

Comparative analysis and basic justification.

Form area program based on case study reviews.

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(ix) (x) (xi) (xii) (xiii) (xiv)

Concept design development.

Literature, site analysis and case study to develop appropriate design language.

Develop integrated design solution Final design development Refinement of conceptual design.

Detailing of project requirements.

1.1.6 Broad Requirements

1. Administration Block Offices, reception, conference hall, reception, discussion room 2. Vocational Block General teaching classrooms, quiet room for 1:1 support, music dance studios, seminar hall, language room, therapy room, occupational therapy, common room, exhibition hall, different skills workshop/unit, staff rooms 3. Medical Center Waiting hall, OPD, Speech therapy, physiotherapy, hydrotherapy, sensory room, wards, pharmacy, Research and development lab, relaxing space.

4. Recreational Block Yoga, performing arts, gymnasium, indoor sports hall, amphitheater, sandpit area, office.

5. Residential Block Dormitories, doublet rooms, common area, kitchen, mess hall, staff quarters.

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1.2 CASE STUDIES TARGETED 1.2.1

Bala Mandira, NIMHANS

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Gramhaat, Mahila Seva Housing Trust

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2.0 SITE STUDY AND ANALYSIS

2.1 SITE: VRINDAVAN Site area: 8.9 acre Site location: Maitri Ghar Vidwa Ashram, Lalit Bagh, Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh The site is located on the banks of Yamuna river and is in the old city parts of Vrindavan.

The condition of the site and a nearing still waterbody suggests that the site emerged after the depletion in water levels of the river. The existing water body seems to be a previous part of the main river which got separated due to depletion in water levels of the river and hence now acts as a pond or water savior for the farms nearby.

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Front view of site

Panoramic view of site

Site Plan

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B. Arch. THESIS 2018-19 2.1.1 Promoter

New Delhi-based developmental humanitarian NGO that is committed to facilitating every individual’s Human Rights, especially the Rights to Identity, Dignity and Respect. Since 2005, Maitri has worked with over 45,000 individuals on the issues of social and health inequities and public health concerns through education, community outreach, networking, and legal advocacy.

Maitri works with diverse populations and some of the key aspects of work involves advocacy and awareness, to put across voices and narratives of change, to engage in inclusive and participatory dialogues. In focus brings out different such engagements and nuances of our work Maitri work is organized under two main pillars: Violence Against Women and Migrant Workers. The organization has been addressing the issue of violence against women (especially in the uniformed forces), running a victim support and victim to survivor program, and promoting dignity and support for abandoned elderly widows in Vrindavan (Mathura, India).

2.1.2 Connectivity

Vrindavan is a holy town in Uttar Pradesh, northern India.

It is about 150 km south of Delhi, International Airport is approximate 162 km.

The nearest train station is Vrindavan's twin holy town Mathura, 12 km (20 min) away by rickshaw.

The city is about 50 km from Agra, which hosts the Taj Mahal. It lies on the tourist Golden Triangle of Delhi, Agra and Jaipur. The inter-city and inter-state bus terminal of Vrindavan is approximate 83-100km via. NH19 and NH44.

2.1.3 Physical Traits

1. Adjacent to Parikrama Marg 2. Nearest hospital (3km) - Ramakrishna Mission Sevashrama Chikitsalaya 3. Athah Temple / Athat Ashram 4. Religious values and significance of nearby built up due to Nikunj Van.

2.1.4 Land use

Residential zone

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2.1.5 Bye-Laws

Permissible F.A.R: 1.2 Permissible height: 15meters Parking Standards- 1.8 ECS/ 100sqm of floor areas Set back- i. front -3.05m ii. back -3.05m iii. one side setback – 3.05m Permissible ground coverage :30% Minimum R/W in front 20 m Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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B. Arch. THESIS 2018-19 2.1.6 Slope Analysis

Performed to assess the safe design of a human-made or natural slope (e.g. embankments, road cuts, open-pit mining, excavations, landfills etc.) and the equilibrium conditions. Slope stability is the resistance of inclined surface to failure by sliding or collapsing.

Section at AA’

Section at BB’

Section at CC’

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3.0 LITERATURE STUDY 3.1 VEILIGE VESTE In the Netherlands, design, energy reduction and the fight against human trafficking come together in one revolutionary project: the ‘Veilige Veste’. Literally translated this means ‘safe fortress’, and that is exactly what it is. It is the new home for girls from all around the world that have been victims of human trafficking.

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B. Arch. THESIS 2018-19 3.1.1 Concept

Victims of Human Trafficking: “We won’t be intimidated any longer!”

Bold, brave and safe is the concept for the new shelter for girls that have been victims of human trafficking. The Dutch KAW architects designed their new home. Not tucked away in anonymous houses in back alleys anymore, which is the way these girls are normally treated.

No, these girls do not have to fear their perpetrators any more in their new home that is standing fierce in the midst of Friesland’s’ capital Leeuwarden. In their safe fortress they send out a clear message: we are no longer on the run, game over, giving their perpetrators the finger.

‘Veilige Veste’ provides security and protection, so the girls can build up their lives again.

3.1.2 Design

Ground Floor Plan

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First Floor Plan

Second Floor Plan

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Third Floor Plan

Fourth Floor Plan

3.1.3 Details

Covering the whole building with especially designed square composite elements; that is how architect Beatrice Montesano translated the work of the previous mentioned artists in the transformation of the old police station. The strict 12 by 12 feet grid constituting the building Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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inspired Montesano to design the diagonally angled squares, that are positioned alternately to create the diamond shape pattern that covers the building.

After more than ten years in the Netherlands, Montesano is still moved by the amazing changes of light that are characteristic of the Dutch landscape. “I still think the light here is incredibly beautiful. The white façade with its subtle gleam interacts with its environment; you see the air and the trees reflected in them, changing shapes from every different angle and different time of the day.’

Massive Energy Reduction through Passive House What is revolutionary about the ‘Veilige Veste’, is that this is the first large office block in the Netherlands to be renovated according to the Passive House standard. ‘Passive House’ is a standard for energy efficiency in a building, reducing its ecological footprint. It results in ultra-low energy buildings that require little energy for space heating or cooling. In this case, the fact that the former police stations’ substructure was placed outside the building, meant an enormous energy abuser to be dealt with. The substructure created a thermal bridge that works exactly like a tunnel sucking in the cold outside air. By wrapping the building with the diamond-cut square panels, the substructure is now within the building and the whole building is covered by a thick layer of insulation. At some points, the façade is over 3 feet thicker now.

Thanks to optimal insulation, draft proofing and the use of very little, highly energy-efficient equipment, the ‘Veilige Veste’ consumes exceptionally little power.

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4.0 CASE STUDY 4.1BALA MANDIRA HOSTEL, NIMHANS Located in Bangalore, Karnataka

SITE PLAN: REHABILATION CENTRE, NIHMANS Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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The objective of providing a space away from home for the patients to recover in the normal environment providing different recreational and outdoor healing spaces. The space with vocational and therapy sections helps them to establish some profession after they go back to society. According to the NIMHANS, many of the patients have adopted the works like carpentry, bakery etc. as their profession after they return back to society.

In residential area it provides the spaces and platform for gathering & communicating with the society with the help of community day care centers as well as long stay homes for the chronically mentally ill health peoples for all the genders.

Concept of openness and flexibility is the key factor in layout of the whole complex thus to provide an environment of restriction less movement and removing the confinement of a space.

Absence of definite boundaries of buildings with different activities & functions gives an impression of an ‘institutional village’ metaphorically. Patient are enabled with the ease and comfort to reach the different zones of activity by discarding the approach of traditional barriers.

The centre is accessible by a 12m. wide road which braches off from the main road connecting to the city. The residential facility is scattered all around the NIMHANS complex (refer layout plan).

GROUND FLOOR PLAN: REHABILATION CENTRE, NIHMANS

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GROUND FLOOR PLAN: REHABILATION CENTRE, NIHMANS

FRONT ELEVATION: REHABILATION CENTRE, NIHMANS

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CONCEPTUAL ZONING

The front block of the building is occupied by the clinical diagnostic and administrative areas full filling the necessity of quicker and easier access. Except the frontal portion of the building block all other sides are allocated for the vocational areas.

The recreational facilities i.e. the multipurpose hall (Ashwini Hall) is situated just in front of the reception lobby, which is centrally located and has direct access to the entry providing the easy circulation. At the time of special occasions, the outside crowd come in and go outs without interfering the regular functions of other parts of the building.

4.1.2

VOCATIONAL THERAPY

Vocational therapy rooms are located across the courtyard and adjacent to one another providing an ease of access and circulation all along with the scenic view of courtyard giving an impression of calmness, peace and belonging to the nature. These rooms are connected by a circulation spine, corridor around the courtyard and have a scope of spilling out to the courtyard.

There are total of 11 therapy rooms in total which are:           

Bakery Mat Weaving Basket Weaving Printing Carpentry Pottery Candle Making Typing Leather Work Tailoring Sewing

Courtyard also provides a common space to work together and freely without any restriction of boundaries encouraging the interaction between patients helping them to stand with society.

Courtyard also acts as a buffer space to stop and minimize the noise generated from the work areas like carpentry, printing etc.

There is no standard idea used for the placement of these work stations however the rooms with heavy equipment machinery like carpentry, printing are placed on ground floor while sections of crafting, candle making, leather work, weaving, typing sections are on first floor. Pottery workshop is installed at the outdoors with a store inside to store the good and product.

4.1.3

COTTAGES

Independent cottages are provided to the patients to live like a normal person’s daily routine when they are recovering at the last stages of their treatment.

The patients living in these units have flexibility in their daily routine, however they have to attend the occupational therapy in the morning, spend their day in the department and come back to their respective accommodations.

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RESIDENT ACTIVITY AREAS

All patients are encouraged to participate or engage in different outdoor and indoor recreational activities going outside which involves active interaction and participation between residents.

The ideology of being at home away from home commonly known to be the half way homes.

Beside the time, they involve themselves in the vocational work, residents get together in groups for interactive walks appreciating the scenic routes, landscaped gardens or sit around in the courtyards, platforms enjoying evening tea, yoga in morning, breeze.

4.1.4.1 Front Hostel (Short Stay Victims)

This is one of the part of the rehabilitation center, taken care by Nimhans. This hostel is assigned for short stay victims, whose case won’t take much of the time to be resolved. Or those victim who needs counselling and training for few days.

Side façade of hostel

Front façade of hostel

Internal courtyard of hostel

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Conceptual plan for short stay hostel

4.1.4.2 Rear Hostel (Long Stay Victims)

This hostel is the other and bigger part of the rehabilitation center, taken care

by Nimhans.

This hostel is assigned for long stay victims, whose case have been pending for years and is stuck due to some inconvenience. And those victims who needs special attention, regular counselling and training to get better.

This hostel comprises of girls from age group of teenagers till women in her 40’s or 50’s.

This hostel comprises of many functional areas which are useful for the victims healing in the rehabilitation center/ shelter.

Front façade of hostel

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Internal tiled corridors

Meeting or group discussion rooms

Semi-open counselling area

Conceptual ground floor plan

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Conceptual First Floor Plan

4.1.5

ASHWINI HALL

The multipurpose hall is being used for holding cultural evenings organized by residents, conducting lectures by staff, for watching television, movie shows. Besides the main activity it also provides hub for the indoor gaming activities, informal talks etc. Outdoor games and activities are also being held time to time. Patients form a closely knit family and develop a strong bond. There is no restriction on the residents for moving out of the facility which helps avoid a forced interaction and boredom.

4.1.6

COURTYARD

Courtyards acts as transitional space for the occupational and therapy area. Courtyards haven’t been used efficiently. General seating and trees with platform underneath providing spaces for interaction with the natural shade would have amplified the beauty and functions of courtyard.

Flowering trees blooming in different seasons, shedding their leaves would have connected the patient to nature more efficiently.

4.1.7

ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSIONS

Building form is simple and basic rectilinear shapes projecting a simple façade with the warm and friendly spaces. Acc. To the survey conducted 11 out of 15 patients liked the building for its simple spaces and the low-rise structure.

A uniform application of stone on the wall offers as variety on visual perception. Window shade and uniformity in character expresses systemization, regularization, familiarity, gains patients’ confidence and avoids confusion. Application of stone walls also extends its approach to the vernacular expression thus acting as an aid to make the expression more environment friendly.

4.1.8

CRITICAL APPRAISAL

Introverted character of the block works on the clear cut and systematic flow pattern. It’s a compact plan with residential, occupational therapy room and the recreational facilities in close proximity, giving a feeling of togetherness.

Various landscape elements with the spaces for seating and the scenic views throughout the complex develops thought of peace, calmness and belonging in nature.

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4.2 GRAM HAAT, MAHILA SEVA HOUSING TRUST Located in Ahmedabad, Gujarat

Common kitchen

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Common dining hall

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Meeting, group discussion and multipurpose room

Main administration area

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Conceptual ground floor plan

Conceptual 1st floor plan Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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Conceptual 3rd and 4th floor plan

Conceptual 5th floor plan Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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Conceptual 6th floor plan

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4.3 SHARDA HOSPITAL FOR MENTAL DISEASE (SHMD), DELHI

GROUND FLOOR PLAN: REHABILATION CENTRE, NIHMANS Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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Located away from the hustle –bustle of the city, this hospital is another respectable facility offering a wide range of medical and therapeutic treatment in the field of mental illness.

SHMD is a large complex with different functional components connected with open as well as semi-open corridors to provide a restriction free movement and enabling the ease in the lives metaphorically. Institute provides out-patient consultancy & in-patient treatment facilities with recreational spaces.

CONCEPTUAL ZONING

The zones are divided according to its use in public, semi-public and private zones placing the public zones closer to the access roads. Facilities like reception & OPD connecting to administration and canteen are at the entrance or in the vicinity. Facilities like therapeutically areas, medical treatment and accommodations have been pushed further inside to develop as isolated blocks but accessible by really long elongated corridors opening into the courtyard on a side.

The hospital complex as a whole comprises of the following areas with different functional components.     

OPD Administration Services Residential Wards (Male/Female) Occupational Therapy Medical & Therapeutic Rooms

The occupational therapy rooms are located on the outer periphery of the main circular block provided with the double height, spacious and airy space. Large windows are provided on the side of the room and services are on the other side. So, the therapy rooms are connected to stores, bathrooms, offices etc. The simple and efficient planning tempting patients to move around accessing the open staircase in the atrium to reach different occupational room on first floor.

The central courtyard provides natural light and ventilation for rooms and even acts as an element of interest to patients by bringing the nature within reach.

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5.0 FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMME The objective of functional programme is to identify and define the functions and facilities in the centre which is a prerequisite for planning and designing. The planning process should be sympathetic towards socio-economic levels, cultural values, tradition etc. making the built form equally important in healing process.

The scope of functional programming with the multidisciplinary approach and intersectoral character providing various activities is the aim to be achieved. A rehabilitation facility shall be structured in following components to carry out functional planning and analysis.

5.1 BUILDING ENTRANCE

Entrance is the first impression, the visitor has on his mind and serves as the main link with outside world.

5.2 RECEPTION

Information for different sections of recreation, therapy and offices with waiting area for the patients should be included.    

Activities: Consultation, Diagnosis, Waiting.

Users: Patients, Psycho-social workers.

Direct Linkages: Entrance, Reception, Therapy Sections.

Environment: Healthy, Relaxed, Natural lighting and ventilation.

5.3 THERAPY AREAS

Occupational therapy includes the combination of both recreational and vocational activities in the area. For e.g. machinery & equipment of different activities, TV set, indoor games etc.  

Auxiliary Spaces: Toilets, shower and dressing room area in close proximities with sufficient storage and maintenance areas in magnitude of the facility.

Linkage: A strong, simple and unambiguous link should be provided connecting therapy rooms to resident areas and so to the diagnostic center with taking care of their proper services.

5.4 ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS

Control and co-ordination of all the activities and services to run the institute held from here.  

Activities: General administration including purchase, accounts, public-relation etc. with security, transportation, communication, storage, publicity etc.

Users: Staff & Visitors.

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 

Environment: Institutional.

Auxiliary Spaces: Store, Staff room, Lounge, Toilets etc.

5.5 RESIDENTIAL AREAS

Residential should be provided with effective visual and physical access to outdoors with essential facilities and different categories of accommodation with the recreational facilities.     

Activities: Rest, Exercise, Interaction, Social Interaction, Gathering.

Users: Inpatient residents, close associates, visitors & staff in a limited extent.

Environment: Homely, Serene, Peaceful and Natural.

Auxiliary Spaces: Security, safe nursing care, housekeeping, room service with their adequate services like storage, laundry etc.

Linkages: Therapy areas, Recreation, Interaction areas and Outdoors.

5.6 ADDITIONAL SERVICES

Services like drinking water, electricity, hot and cold water supplies, fire alarm and protection facilities falls under the category. The functional programming may act as a design brief at the preliminary stages of design.

5.7 EPILOGUE

Environment has such a greater influence on human mind but convalescent reacts more readily to these spaces. No matter what they find a place to congregate and isolate themselves from others. The idea to enhance these spaces in the common environment the particular activities according to behavior. There is also an emerging need to understand the sources of interaction of environment and behavior. For patients activity, daily life programme and for their personal and social space must be based more on normal kinds of behavior.

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6.0 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS & AREA CHART 6.1 AREA CHART

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B. Arch. THESIS 2018-19 6.2 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS

For the above-mentioned functional spaces: A.

Courtyard planning/Healing courtyard The Rehabilitation Garden area provides a serious, outside therapy training area with features intentionally designed to help patients improve in a real-life environment. Such features include a putting green for balance, outdoor games for manual dexterity and memory function, garden signage for language skills, and various pathways, pavement surfaces, and stair configurations for patients navigating with walkers, wheelchairs, and canes. By utilizing the outdoor Rehabilitation Garden space, therapists can increase patient progress and upliftment them promptly and let them live their life on their own!

B.

Linear planning with zero negative spaces which would allow them to be in open spaces, interacting and spending time with each other Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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Negative, isolated or acute angled spaces create a zone where the patient might tend to go and isolate themselves and get herself in depression and all the flashbacks once again and which would slow down the rehabilitation process.

C.

Plain front faรงade of the project to give a curiosity for the visitors to get to know what is their inside.

D.

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E.

Therapeutic Healing Gardens Traditional healing gardens are often found within or adjacent to indoor healthcare settings.

Healing gardens can be found in mental health hospitals, schools and centers for the disabled, hospices and nursing homes; however, possibly the most popular examples of healing gardens are found within or adjacent to hospitals and Alzheimer’s treatment facilities. Healing Gardens meant for users that are specifically ill or disabled will be useful to the extent that these special needs populations are present and able to physically or at least visually access these sites.

However, even within a healthcare setting, healing gardens are often used by a larger population including staff and visitors as well as patients and/or residents.

The gardens promote: 1. Relief from symptoms 2. Stress reduction 3. Improvement in overall sense of wellbeing and hopefulness

Healing gardens differ somewhat from therapeutic landscapes, which is another term used in healthcare. Therapeutic landscapes or gardens are designed to meet the particular needs of a specific patient population. They often engage that population actively and deliberately.

Healing gardens, on the other hand, generally aim for a more passive involvement and are designed to provide benefits to a diverse population with different needs.

1. Nature provides a great distraction. Because we are genetically programmed to find nature engrossing, we are absorbed by nature scenes and distracted from our pain and discomfort.

2. Nature reduces stress and anxiety. One explanation for this is that nature provides a respite from the constant effort to screen out competing stimuli in our busy lives. Because humans find nature inherently engrossing, we don't have to make an effort to focus when presented with natural views. This reduces mental fatigue and refreshes the mind.

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3. Plants offer psychological comfort. As one researcher in this area, Lewis, says "Plants take away some of the anxiety and tension of the immediate now by showing us that there are long, enduring patterns in life." Their growth is steady and progressive, not erratic.

Healing gardens are effective if they foster the following elements: 1.Sense of control Patients/residents must know a garden exists, be able to find it easily and be able to access and use the space in an active or passive way. It should also have areas for privacy that are shielded from window views. A variety of types of spaces can aid in allowing users to make choices. Feelings of control can also be enhanced by involving users in the design of the garden.

2.Social support Spatially enclosed settings that allow for socializing are often preferred by users. Designing for small as well as the occasional large group (associated with hospital-initiated programs and large extended family visits) is important. However, all considerations for social support should not deny access to privacy (which undermines patient control).

3.Physical movement and exercise Mild exercise can be encouraged by designs that allow for patient accessibility and independence and provide features such as walking loops. For children, areas that allow for stress-reducing physical activities and play should be included.

4.Access to nature and other positive distractions Medicinal and edible plant species and those that engage all of the senses are often a good choice for the design’s plant palette, as are plants that encourage wildlife. Poisonous, thorny plants, and those plants that encourage large amounts of unwanted insects (i.e. bees) should be avoided, especially in gardens used by children and the psychologically ill.

Horticulture is a common element of recreational therapy, where gardening may be included as part of treatment programs. Prominent psychiatric psychotherapist and author Sue StuartSmith points out that working in a walled garden gives a sense of protection to individuals afflicted with trauma or a mental breakdown.

Gardening is also helpful for patients looking to improve their motor skills. As a hands-on activity, it promotes eye-hand coordination, range of motion and endurance. For the disabled, equipment and garden structures should be designed to increase accessibility and accommodate varying needs.

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F.

Partial Aqua Therapy The healing properties of water have been utilized by civilizations for centuries. From the Egyptian royal baths infused with oils and salts to the communal pools used in the great cities of Rome during its height to the still famous baths of Budapest, Hungary, societies have known that water heals. The history of the calming, revitalizing waters of these locations has reinvigorated the physical rehabilitation practice of Aqua Therapy.

The water shares its benefits with more than just the body. A quiet pool offers an Aqua Therapist the setting to initiate stress reduction techniques such as deep breathing, visualization and employing slow, deliberate movements while concentrating on the ‘feelings’ the water elicits.

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G.

INTERACTIVE LEARNING SPACES/ RECOVERY SPACES The purpose of the Interactive Learning Space Initiative is to support pedagogy that moves away from the traditional lecture-based course to an engaged learning course.

Interactive activities improve levels of learning. Instructors and students find interactive spaces engaging, and engagement is expected to increase learning outcomes. Positive findings about interactive classrooms, though, are often confounded with active learning pedagogy since instructors who teach in interactive classrooms tend to also promote active learning pedagogy. More research is needed to tease apart learning gains from the instructional design, classroom context, and the related incorporation of technology.

H.

BUILDING LOCATION The good planning for any public program essentially the centers of this nature depends on the selection of suitable site. They should be built in pure, unpolluted environments, surrounded by extensive and thick vegetation. It must be ensured that the activities harmful for the surrounding environment should not be in reach like distillery or industrial set-up which may release harmful elements into the environment.

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The other factors that require attention while selecting the site is to determine the solar orientations, prevailing wind direction and annual climate pattern of that area which are going to effect the nature of design directly. Site should be placed in an area that permits free exchange of thoughts, desires and hopes with outside world so to recover fast from the trauma they have suffered. Site area should be large enough to provide adequate space suitable to create a pleasant environment close to the ground capturing different frames with the change of seasons.

I.

BUILDING TYPE Architecture should evolve quite naturally from the character of its age and local surrounding depicting the culture. Building should appear like the integral part of the setting. Approach towards more simpler and organic is appreciated. Circle and square the basic forms found familiar to users and helps users to become comfortable. Building should not be very institutional in appearance and scale of structure and spaces should be humane.

The structure should be low-rise and in close proximity to nature. Scattered approach in placement of buildings proved out to be a better approach as it helps in producing a quality of spaces in between. Internal and external courts, water bodies, gazebos, landscaped gardens, water body all should be integral to that place.

J.

FINISHES Internal and external finishes should avoid a sterile, clinical & institutional appearance. Use of local materials such as stone, wood, bamboo, mud bricks etc. is preferred over the artificially produced materials as they are easily relatable to nature. The user found more comfortable and find easy to indulge himself in the environment which qualifies the universal definition of normal habitat.

The more natural the environment becomes, the more comfortable the user becomes. The faith, culture and religion are more relatable to human in natural elements than the man-made elements.

K.

COLOR Colors have high degree of impression on human mind developing emotion, strength. Presence of warm and luminous colors shows increase activity, alertness and high participation while pure colors imparts dramatics and cheerfulness more than the tint & shades.

Apart from the color’s impression, color treatment should be based on the quality of time and activity for which room has to be used. The size of the surface is also an important factor, as the large surfaces should be in pastel and soft hues while small surfaces should be bright in colors.

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COLOR

GENERAL RESPONSE

BLUE

Peaceful Comfortable Restful Contemplative

BLACK

Despondent Ominous Powerful Strong

WHITE

Cool Pure Clean

YELLOW

Cheerful Inspiring Vital

PURPLE

Dignified Mournful

RED

Stimulating Hot Active Happy

ORANGE

Lively Energetic Exuberant

GREEN

Calm Serene Quiet Refreshing

PASTEL COLORS

Neutral Non-respondent Soothing

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B. Arch. THESIS 2018-19 6.3 GRADUAL DESIGNS

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7. REFERENCES  City of Seattle Parks and Recreation. 2001. “An Assessment of Gaps in Seattle’s Open Space Network”. website: http://www.seattle.gov/parks/open_spaces/ gap_analysis_report.htm.  Cohen, U. and G. Weisman, 1991. “Positive Outdoor Spaces” in Holding onto Home: Designing Environments for People with Dementia. (pp. 7379). Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. Cooper Marcus. C. and M. Barnes. 1999.

 Healing Gardens. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Cooper Marcus, C. 2001. “Hospital Oasis.” Landscape Architecture. 91(10): 36-39, 99.

Kaplan, R., Kaplan, S. and R. Ryan. 1998. “Restorative Environments” in With People in Mind. (pp. 67-77).  Island Press. Lucas Garden School website: http://www.lucasgardes.schools.nsw.edu.au/. Ulrich, Roger S. 1981. “Natural Versus Urban Scenes: Some Psychophysiological Effects.” Environment and Behavior, 13 (5): 523-553.

 Ulrich, R.S., 1984. “View through a Window may Influence Recovery from Surgery.” Science. 224: 420-421.  “Mental Health” Health for the millions, VHAI, Vol-XVIIU Np. 2, April, P-64 by ‘Murthy, R. Srinivasa’.

 Rehabilitation of the mentally disturbed, Health or the Millions, Journal for health, VHAI, Vol-XIV No. 1, Feb, 1988, P-19 & 20 By ‘Ranganathan M & Padankatti B.S. Ishani Dayal (14BAR 013) Women Rehabilitation Shelter

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 Principles and techniques of Rehabilitation Nursing, C.V. Mosby Company New York 1961, P-13 & 30 by ‘Deborach Maclurg Jansen D.’.  Rehabilitation facilities: Preparing for the 21st century, Journal of Rehabilitation, Virginia. Vol. 58 No. 3, 1992.  Psychiatric Services, Design for health care, Butterworths & Co. Ltd., 1981.

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