Quran Grammer

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Arabic Grammar

3 APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Subject and Predicate………………………… 19 Masculine and Feminine Genders…………… 20 Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural……… 22 Adjective and its Noun………………………… 23 The Possessive Case or Genitive………………24 Interrogatives ………………………… ……… 26 Pronouns………………………………………… 26 The Prepositions…………………………………29 Subject, Verb, and Object………………………30 The Tense…………………………………………31 10a. Past Tense ………………………………… 31 10b. Imperfect Tense ………………… ……… 34 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative…… 37 10d. Derived Forms of the verb ……………… 42

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Arabic Grammar

1. Subject and Predicate Ă‚ ÂŚ Âť Ă‚ ÂŚ ž ÂŚ á Allah is creator. Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet. Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles) The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen (

Æ

Æ

ÂŚ ž ÂŚ á and Ă‚ ÂŚ Âť

) on each of these

) is also known as double pesh or

double dhammah.

ĂŞ ó¢ Âť É Â…ĂˆÂŚ

Allah is creator.

ÂŽÂŚ Ăť ž ø ¸ á

Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet.

ž ÿ¢´ á ƟÊ°¢ÂŠĂ—

Tariq is a Mujahid.

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************ creator

ê ó¢ 

prophet

ÂŽÂŚ Ăť

one who

ž ÿ¢ ´ á

struggles house

ÂŞ ÂĽ

big mg. slave

ZŽŒŠï ž ÂŚ Ă&#x;

pious

œ ó¢ �

truthful

ƟÊŽ¢ Ă?

religion

Ăş ĂŠÂŽ

one

ž¡ ÂŚĂˆĂ‚

scholar

Ăś ó¢ Ă&#x;

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 ======================= Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The house is big.

ZŽŒŠï ÂŞ ÂŚÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

Islam is a religion.

The slave is pious.

Âś ó¢ Ă? ž ÂŚ Ă Â’óŒ

Allah is one.

The Muslim is truthful.

ƟÊŽ¢ Ă? Üô Ăˆ øÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

Javeed is a scholar

Ăş ĂŠÂŽ É¿¢ÂŠĂ´ Ç ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ž ¡ŒĂˆĂ‚ Ă‰Â…ĂˆÂŚ Ăś ó¢ Ă&#x; ž ĂŠĂ‚¢ Âł

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2. Masculine and Feminine Genders

Arabic Grammar

ÂŽ Ăť š á ĂˆĂ‚ Ă‚MïÀŠ á

You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., lies the rule. Just put

¨

ˆò ø Âł for a boy and ˆ¨ÂŠĂ´ ø Âł for a girl.

There

at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).

For example,

ˆ¨ ĂŻĂˆÂŻ ĂŻĂˆÂŻ ˆ¨ß á š á

ˆ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ă? Âś ó¢ Ă? ƨ ž Ă‹ÂŚĂˆ° ž Ă‹ÂŚĂˆ°

Ăş á š á ƨ žÂŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;

žÂŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;

¨ ž ó¢ 

ž ó¢ 

Notes: 1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common gender in Arabic. 2. A common sign of a feminine word is

¨

3. To make a specific reference, we put

ĂŒžĂˆÂŚ in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put

(in general) as the last letter of the word.

"the" in front of a common noun in English. When ĂŒžĂˆÂŚ is attached to an Arabic word, we remove one of

É

(dhamma or pesh) from the two

Æ

(Tanveen or double pesh). For

example,

Éž Ç Ă‚ĂłĂˆÂŚ Æž Ă‡Ăˆ° Â? ÉÀŠ¢Ăˆ Ăť ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ÆÀ¢ Ăˆ Ýʌ 4. Occasionally, the prefix

ĂŒžĂˆÂŚ

Â? ž ø ¸Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

ž ø ¡

is used to imply generality also. For e.g., Ă€¢ Ăˆ Ăť ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ (the human

being). 5. If the

Œ žº  Œ á

For example,

(subject) is feminine, then its

Âś ó¢ Ă? ɧŠ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

Ă‚ ÂŚÂş Âť

(predicate) will also be feminine.

ˆ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ă? NÂżÂŒ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following lesson.

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Arabic Grammar

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************ mg. small

Z ä �

fg. small

ƨ Z ä Ă?

uncle (mother's brother)

Æž¢ Âť

mg. beautiful

ˆò ø Âł

aunt (mother's sister)

ˆ¨ÂŠó¢ Âť

fg. beautiful

ˆ¨ÂŠĂ´ ø Âł

mg. big

ZŽŒŠï

fg. big

ƨ ZŽŒŠï

brother

mg. intelligent

ĂŻĂˆÂŻ

mg. worshipper

žÂŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;

father

Æ§ĂˆÂŚ

uncle (father's brother)

Ăś Ă&#x;

fg. worshipper

ƨ žÂŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;

mother

K¿ÉŒ

aunt (father's sister)

ˆ¨ ø Ă&#x;

mg. truthful

ƟÊŽ¢ Ă? Æ­ĂˆÂŚ

Ăş ÂĽĂŠÂŚ

son

ª ߎ¼

daughter

sister

ª ÉŒ

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 ======================= Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The son is beautiful.

ˆò ø Âł Ăş ÂĽ ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The daughter is beautiful.ˆ¨ÂŠĂ´ ø Âł ÂŞ ĂźÂŽÂŚÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The brother is intelligent. The sister is intelligent.

ĂŻÂŻ ɭŠ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ˆ¨ ĂŻĂˆÂŻ ÂŞ ÂťÂŒ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The father is pious.

Âś ó¢ Ă? ɧŠ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The uncle is truthful.

ƟÊŽ¢ Ă? Éž¢ ÂźÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The mother is pious.

ˆ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ă? NÂżÂŒ¢Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The aunt is truthful.

ˆ¨ÂŠĂŤĂŠŽ¢ Ă? ÂŒ¨óŠ¢ ÂźÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The uncle is big. The aunt is big.

ZŽŒŠï Ăś Ă Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ƨ ZŽŒŠï ÂŒ¨ øà Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

The son is small. The daughter is small.

Z ä Ă? Ăş ÂĽÂŽÂœÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ƨ Z ä Ă? ÂŞ ĂźÂŽÂŚÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ

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Arabic Grammar

3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Ăžø Âł Â? ¨ ߎ’° ÂŤ Â? ž ¡ŒĂˆĂ‚ There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes, dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic. Solid Plural ( Ăś ó¢º Ă‡ Ăžf ) and Broken Plural ( ZĂŠĂˆÂ’Ă° ÂŤ Ăžf ). The plural form depends upon the context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only): 'Aaraab forms ↓

¸ ÂŒç Ă‚á

with Dhamma ( É- ); when used as subject

§ � ßá

with Fatha

( Ăˆ- );

when used as object

°ĂŒĂ‚ Ă‚ ´á

with Kasra

( ĂŠ- );

when the noun is used with preposition

Plural

Dual

Singular

Gender mg.

ĂˆĂ€ øô Ăˆ á ÇŠ¢ øô Ăˆ á

ĂŠĂ€¢ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á ÀÊ ¢ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á

Ăś Ă´ Ăˆ á ¨Âˆ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á

[ ÂŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á ÇŠ¢ øô Ăˆ á

úŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á úŽ ÂŹ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á

Ăś Ă´ Ăˆ á ¨Â† ø Ă´ Ăˆ á

mg.

[ ÂŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á Š Ç ¢ øô Ăˆ á

úŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á úŽ ÂŹ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á

܉ Ă´ Ăˆ á ¨ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á

mg.

fg.

fg.

fg.

******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ******************* Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the following words (both for masculine and feminine case): hypocrite

ê ç¢ ß á

believer

Ăş á š á

disbeliever

Ă‚ ç¢ÂŠĂŻ

patient

Ă‚ÂŽ¼¢ Ă?

helper

Ă‚ Ă?¢ Ăť

worshipper

žÂŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;

scholar

Ăś ó¢ Ă&#x;

one who struggles

pious

œ ó¢ �

killer

protector

ÂˆĂš ç¢ ¡

one who prostrates

ž ÿ¢ ´ á

one remembers

who

Ă‚ ĂŻÂŚĂˆÂŻ

ˆò ¢ÂŠĂŤ

truthful

ƟÊŽ¢ Ă?

žÂŽ³¢ Ç

prophet

ÂŽÂŚ Ăť

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Arabic Grammar

4. Adjective and its Noun » Ï ÷  ¨ èÏ Look at the following phrases and their translations: a true Muslim

Ƽʮ¢ Ï ö ô È ÷

a pious person

a small book

Z ä Ï Æ§¢ ¬ ï

a trustworthy uncle

a big mosque

Z ¦ ï ¾ ´ È ÷

a beautiful house

These phrases are said to be composed of

¶ ó¢ Ï ò ³È° [ ÷Ȧ ƾ¢ » ò ø ³ ª ¥

¨ºº è Ï (adjective) and » Ï ÷ (the noun of the

adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim then true

¼Ê®¢º º Ï) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them.

ö ô È ÷

The tanveen could be Å or

Ç

and

Æ

or

depending upon the context in which this phrase is used. The rules are similar to those of

 ¦ » ¦ ¾¬ ¦ ÷

(subject and predicate) except that in case of

¨ è Ï

» Ï ÷ Â : 1: The order of the words is reversed; and 2: If the first word is attached with

¾Ì ¦È , then the second will also have ¾Ì ¦È

attached to it.

For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have: the true Muslim

ɼ®Ê ¢ Ð ó¦ öô È ø óȦ

the pious person

the small book

Zä Ð ó¦ ɧ¢ ¬ ð óȦ

the trustworthy uncle

[÷ ¢ ó¦ ɾ¢ ¼ óȦ

the big mosque

Z¦ ð ó¦ ¾´ Èø óȦ

the beautiful house

ò ø ´ ó¦ ª ¦ óȦ

And remember, as in case of

 ¦ » ¦ ¾¬ ¦ ÷

¶ó ¢ Ð ó¦ ò ³  óȦ

(subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine,

the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with respect to each other. For example: the true Muslim man the true Muslim men

ɼ®Ê ¢ Ð ó¦ öô È ø óȦ ÈÀ ëÊ®¢ Ð ó¦ ÈÀ øô È ø óȦ

the true Muslim woman the true Muslim women

¨ë Ê®¢ Ð ó¦ ¨ø ô È ø óȦ É©¢ ëÊ®¢ Ð ó¦ É©¢ ø ô È ø óȦ

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Arabic Grammar

==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ==================== Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction for a simple sentence ( noun (

Âť Ă? á ĂˆĂ‚ ¨ÂŠèĂ?

Ă‚ ÂŚÂť ĂˆĂ‚ ÂŚ ž ÂŚ á

) and for adjective and its

).

The house is big.

ZŒŽïŠ ÂŞ ÂŚ Â’óŒĂˆ

the big house

ZŒŽðŠ Â’óŒ ÂŞ ÂŚ Â’óŒĂˆ

The slave is pious. The Muslim is truthful. The path is straight. The uncle is pious. The aunt is pious.

ϗ ¢ Ă? ž ÂŚĂ Â’óŒĂˆ

the pious slave

ϗ ¢ Ă?óŒ ž ÂŚĂ Â’óŒĂˆ

ÆŸŽĂŠ ¢ Ă? Üô Ăˆ øÂ’óŒĂˆ

the truthful Muslim the straight path

ÉŸŽĂŠ ¢ Ă?óŒ Üô Ăˆ øÂ’óŒĂˆ

Ăś ĂŹÂŹ Ăˆ á ÉœŒ Ă‚ Ă?ĂłĂˆÂŚ

Ăś ĂŹÂŹ Ăˆ øÂ’óŒ ÉœŒ Ă‚ Ă?ĂłĂˆÂŚ

ϗ ¢ Ă? Üà Â’óŒĂˆ

the pious uncle

ϗ ¢ Ă?óŒ Üà óĂˆÂŚ

ˆ¨¸ Ăł ¢ Ă? ÂŒ¨óŠ¢ Ÿ’óŒĂˆ

the pious aunt

ÂŒ¨¸ Ăł ¢ Ă?óŒ ÂŒ¨óŠ¢ Ÿ’óŒĂˆ

5. The Possessive Case or Genitive Ăž ÂŠó¤ ¢ Ă” á Ă‚ ¢ Ă” á Look at the following phrases and their translations: the creation of Allah

ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ĂŞÂ’Ă´Âť

the house of Allah

the nation of Hud

ǎ ÿ É¿ ŠÍ

the call of the prophet

ĂŠž Ç Ă‚óŒ ɨ Ă&#x;ĂˆÂŽ

ĂŠĂ€ÂĄĂ‚ÂŒĂŹÂ’óŒ ܒð ¡

the creation of Allah

ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ĂŞÂ’Ă´Âť

the command of the Qur'an

ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ÂŞ ÂĽ

Notes: 1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word. 2. As usual, if the second word has

žĂˆ¢

attached with it, then instead of double kasra

( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.

꺒ô Âť in the sentence ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ĂŞÂ’Ă´Âť is called ¢Ă”á. called Ăž ó¤ ¢Ă”á , which should always be a proper noun.

3. The first noun

The second noun ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ is

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4. In Arabic the construction of ¢Ă”á and

Arabic Grammar

Ăž ó¤ ¢Ă”á

automatically takes care of the " 's "

or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples. 5. The construction of

¢ººĂ”á

and

Ăž ó¤ ¢Ă”á

automatically implies specific person or

thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase. *********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 *********************** grance

ˆò Ă”çŠ

day

Æ¿

words way, system

rebellion

ÆÀ¢ äÂŒĂ—

judgement

Ăş ĂŠÂŽ

the people

ɲ¢ ßóĂˆÂŚ

to establish

ˆ¨ á¢ÂŠĂŤĂŠ¤

house

Æ°ŒĂˆÂŽ

the prayer

ɨ¢ÂŠĂ´ Ă?ĂłĂˆÂŚ

messenger

Æ¿¢ÂŠĂ´ÂŠĂŻ ˆ¨ Ăź Ç Æž Ă‡Ăˆ° ¤ Ăˆ°

doubt

hereafter

ƨ Ă‚ ¥

to obey

ˆ¨ Ă&#x;¢ÂŠĂ—ĂŠ¤

human being ÆÀ¢ Ăˆ Ýʌ

food

Æ¿¢ à Š×

parents

ÂŽĂş ž óŒĂŠĂ‚

remembrance

sinner

Ăś ÂŻĂˆÂŚ

earth

Ă†ÂľĂŒ°ĂˆÂŚ

the most

Ă‚Â’ĂŻĂŠÂŻ

úø ¡Ăˆ°

beneficent ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. the establishment of ĂŠ¨¢ÂŠĂ´ Ă?óŒ ÂŒ¨á ¢ÂŠĂŤĂŠ¤ the words of Allah ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ É¿¢ÂŠĂ´ÂŠĂŻ prayer the obedience to ÂŽĂş ž óŒ Â’óŒ ÂŒ¨Ă&#x; ¢ÂŠĂ—ĂŠ¤ the book of Allah ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ɧŠ¢ ĂŻ parents the earth of Allah the way of the ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ Ă‰ÂľĂŒ°Ăˆ¢ ĂŠž Ç Ă‚óŒ ÂŒ¨ Ăź Ç messenger the rebellion of the doubt of the ĂŠ²¢ ßóŒ ÉÀ¢ äÂŒĂ— the ĂŠĂ€¢ Ăˆ ĂťÂŽÂœÂ’óŒ ¤ Ăˆ° people human being the house of the remembrance of ĂŠ¨ Ă‚ –’óŒ É°ŒĂˆÂŽ the úø ¡ Ă‚óŒ Ă‚Â’ĂŻĂŠÂŻ hereafter the most Beneficent. the food of the ÂŽĂś ÂŻÂŠÂ˜Â’óŒ É¿¢ à Š× the grace of Allah ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ÂŒò Ă”çŠ sinner the house of Hamid the day of judgement

ž ᢠ¡ ª ¼

ÂŽĂş žóŒ É¿

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6. Interrogatives

Arabic Grammar

¿¢ è¬Ç ¦ ©¦Â®¢

When

U ÷

Who

ú ÷

Where

ú Ȧ

What

¢ ÷ ¦È¯¢ ÷

Why

¦È¯¢ ø ó

Which (masculine)

NÄȦ

How much, How many

ö ï

Which (feminine)

¨ Ȧ

Is?

È¢ ò ÿ

How

æ ï

¦

Am?

Are?

Do?

Have?

7. Pronouns

 ¢ ø Ó 7a. Relative Pronouns

Relative Pronoun

Demonstrative Pronoun

¾ Ï ø ó ¦ öÇ ¦Ê

¨È°¢ Ë¢ ó ¦ öÇ ¦Ê

(The one) who (The two) who (Those) who (The one) who (The two) who (Those) who

Ä ÀóM¦È

That

î ó ¯

This

ÀÊ ¦ ÀóM¦È

Those (two)

î û ¯

¦Àÿ

sr.

These (two)

ÀÊ ¦ Àÿ

dl.

ú ÀóM¦È

Those (more than two)

î óÂɦ

These (more than two)

ÿ

pl.

ÁÊ À ÿ

sr.

¦

¦

Number

¬óM¦È

That

î ô «

This

ÀÊ ¢ ¬óM¦È

Those (two)

î û ¢ «

These (two)

ÀÊ ¢ «¢ ÿ

dl.

«¢Mó¦È

Those (more than two)

These (more than two)

ÿ

pl.

î óÂɦ

Gender

mg.

fg.

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Arabic Grammar

7b. Personal and Possessive Pronouns Examples on pronouns his book

their house

¢ ø ¬ ¥

their belief

ö û ¢ {¦Ê

her mother their house

¢ ÷ ¦É ¢ ø ¬ ¥

their house

ú ¬ ¥

your book your house

î ¥¢ ¬ï

your messenger your house your book

þ ¥¢ ¬ï

¢ øð ¬ ¥

Possessive Pronouns

ÿ

sr.

¢ øÿ

they two

¢ øÿ

dl.

their

ö ÿ

they

ö ÿ

pl.

her

¢ ÿ

she

ÿ

sr.

¢ øÿ

they two

¢ øÿ

dl.

their

ú ÿ

they

ú ÿ

pl.

your

½È

you

ª û ¦È

sr.

¢ ø¬ û ¦È

dl.

their (of two)

their (of two)

your (of two)

¢ øï

ö ð ó Ç °È

you

ö ï

î ¬ ¥

your

½Ê

¢ øð ¥ ¢ ¬ï

your house

ú ð ¬ ¥

my book gave me rizq our book

¥¢ ¬ï üë ±È° ¢ ü¥ ¢ ¬ï

No.

he

his

Á

Personal Pronouns

your (of two) your my

me our

¢ øï ú ï Ä û ¢ û

you two you all

ö ¬ û ¦È

you

ª û ¦È

sr.

¢ ø¬ û ¦È

dl.

ú ¬ û ¦È

pl.

¢ û¦È

sr.

you two you all I

pl

Gender

Person

mg.

3rd person fg.

mg.

2nd person fg.

mg. fg. 1st

we

ú¸ û

dl., pl.

mg., fg.

person

NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an.

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Arabic Grammar

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************ Companions

Ƨ¢ ¸ ÏȦ

hearing

Þ ø Ç

and

ÈÂ

for

¾È ʾ

Shop

ÆÀ¢MïÉ®

relatives

ò ÿȦ

from

ú ÷

I helped

É© Â Ð û

Verily

MÀʦ

son

ú ¥¦

Sustainer, Lord

K§È°

tongue

À¢ È ó

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 ======================= He is a Muslim.

ö ô È ÷ ÿ

You are a scholar.

I am a believer.

ú ÷ ÷ ¢ ûȦ

She is righteous.

your tongue

ö ð û¢ È ó

for him

towards me

óʦ

ü ¥Ê¦

my son I helped him

þ « Â Ð û

ö ó¢ ß ª ûȦ ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï ÿ þ ó

towards them (females) for us

ú óʦ ö ð ûʦ

from you

î ü ÷

towards us

¢ ü óʦ

verily you (males)

towards them (males) from you

ö óʦ

your hearing

î ü ÷

verily we

¢ ü ûʦ

our Lord

¢ ü ¥È°

my house

¬ ¥

your Lord

ö ð ¥È°

for them

¢ ø ó

my relatives

ô ÿȦ

our messenger

¢ ü ó ÇÈ°

¢ ü ó ö ð à øÇ

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Arabic Grammar

8. The Preposition  ³ »Â· Prepositions

ç

in

ª ¥ ç

in a house

ú ÷

We read from the Qur'an.

ô ß

on a mountain

from on

Examples of Prepositions / usage

¦

Ƚ

like

ú ß

about

ÊÀ¡  ì ó¦ ú ÷ ¢ ûÌ¢  ë ò ¦ ³ ô ß ò ³Â ï

like a man I heard

¾ ´ È ø ó¦ ç ʨ ô Ðó¦ ú ß ª àø Ç

about Prayer in the Masjid

ʧ

with

ʾ

for

óʦ

¦

towards until

¬ ·

¦

by (of oath)

ÈÂ

I enetered with security

Ç¿¢ ô È ¥ ª ô» È®

for people

ʲ¢ üô ó

towards a city

¾ ô ¥ óʦ

until the day-break

 ´ è ó¦ Þ ô Ø ÷ ¬ ·

By Allah

Ê ¦ÈÂ

Rules of using Prepositions: 1. These words are used as connectors. 2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ), is placed on the last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È¦ is attached with it).

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Arabic Grammar

9. Subject òß ¢ ç , Verb ò àç , and Object ¾ à è÷ In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subject and the object. A Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( -Å ) is placed on the object. Look at the following examples: Hameed read the Qur'an.

¢ û ¢ Â ë ¾ ø · È¢  ë

Iqbal wrote a book.

¢ ¥¢ ¬ ï ƾ¢ ¦ ëʦ ¤ ¬ ï

¦

In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 *************************

È¢ Â ë

read

made

ò à ³

created

ȼ  ç

collected

wrote

¤ ¬ ï

separated

cheated

ȸ ¾ »

water

Æ ¢ ÷

wealth, means

ê ô » Þ ø ³ ƾ¢ ÷

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. Allah made Muhammad ¢ ó ÇM° ¦ ¾ ø¸ ÷ É ¦ ò à ³ (pbuh) a messenger. Allah created the people.

Ȳ¢ üó¦ É ¦ ê ô »

Allah revealed the book. The Satan cheacter the man. We parted the sea. Note: When a word is attached with -É

¢ ¥¢ ¬ ï É ¦ Ⱦ Ä ûȦ ÈÀ¢ È û ¢ ó¦ ÉÀ¢ Ø Ìó¦ ȸ ¾ »

 ¸ ¦ ó¦ ¢ ü ë Â ç ¾Ì ¢È then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( -Ê ) or dhammah (

) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the above sentences,

¼ Æ °Êº ¢×

É ¢ Ø Ì óȦ has one dhammah since ¾Ì ¦È is attached with ÀÆ ¢ Ø Ë has double dhammah, whereas À

. Similarly,

¢ ó Ç°È

¦ ó ¦È has only one fathah. has double fathah, whereas  ¸

30


31

10.

Arabic Grammar

Tense

10a. The Past Tense

Ó¢ ÷ òàç Ó¢ ÷

Possessive Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

ò à ç

Á

ÿ

sr.

à ç

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. mg.

¦ ôà ç

ö ÿ

ö ÿ

pl.

ª ô à ç

¢ ÿ

ÿ

sr.

¢ ¬ ô à ç

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. fg.

ú ô à ç

ú ÿ

ú ÿ

pl.

you did

ª ô à ç

Ƚ

ª ûȦ

sr.

you two did

¢ ø ¬ ô à ç

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. mg.

you all did

ö ¬ ô à ç

ö ï

ö ¬ ûȦ

pl

you did

ª ô à ç

ʽ

ª ûȦ

sr.

you two did

¢ ø ¬ ô à ç

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. fg.

you all did

ú¬ ô à ç

úï

ú¬ ûȦ

pl.

I did

ª ô à ç

Ä

¢ ûȦ

We did

¢ ü ô à ç

¢ û

ú ¸ û

Past Tense

he did they two did they all did she did they two did they all did

Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual;

No. Gender

Person

3rd person

2nd person

sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.

fg.: Feminine gender pl.: Plural (n)

31


32

Arabic Grammar

Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table using the following words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of your life? It certainly is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a *************************

ò à ç

he went

¤ ¬ ï

he killed

È¢ Â ë

he made

he did he wrote he read

he found

¾ ³ÈÂ

ò ¬ ë

he refused

 è ï

ò à ³

he joined

ò ÏÈÂ

he created

ê ô »

he sent

® à ¥

he provided rizq

ȼȱȰ

 Рû

he opened

¶ ¬ ç

ȧ  Ó

he entered

ò »È®

he helped he hit,

¤ ÿȯ

gave example he demanded

¤ ô ×

he drank

ȧ  Ë

====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a ======================= Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is provided for you to check your answers.

mg. dl. they opened

¢ ¸ ¬ ç

¦ ¦ ¬ ï

mg. pl. they wrote

mg. pl. you did

ö ¬ ô à ç

mg. you helped

mg. pl. they did

¦ ôà ç

mg./fg. dl. you two opened

mg./fg. dl. you two did mg. dl. they two did

¢ ø ¬ ô à ç ¢ ô à ç

mg. you did

ª ô à ç

fg. she did

ª ô à ç

fg. pl. they did mg. pl. you went

ú ô à ç ö ¬ ¦ ÿȯ

mg./fg. dl. you two helped ¢ ø « Â Ð û

È© Â Ð û ¢ ø ¬ ¸ ¬ ç

mg. pl. you demanded

ö ¬ ¦ ô ×

mg. dl. they two wrote

¢ ¦ ¬ ï

mg. pl. they demanded

¦ ¦ ô ×

mg. you went

ª ¦ ÿȯ

mg./fg. dl. they two

¢ ø ¬ ¦ ô ×

demanded mg. pl. you wrote

ö ¬ ¦ ¬ ï

32


33

Arabic Grammar

mg. you demanded

ª ¦ ô ×

fg. dl. they two hit

¢ ¬ ¥ Â Ó

fg. dl. they two helped

¢ « Â Ð û

mg. pl. they went

¦ ¦ ÿȯ

mg./fg. dl. you two went

¢ ø ¬ ¦ ÿȯ

mg. you opened

ª ¸ ¬ ç

mg. pl. you helped

ö « Â Ð û

mg./fg. dl. you two wrote

fg. you wrote

ª ¦ ¬ ï

mg. he wrote

¤ ¬ ï

mg. pl. you opened

ö ¬ ¸ ¬ ç

¢ ø ¬ ¦ ¬ ï mg. pl. they opened

¦ ¸ ¬ ç

mg. you demanded

ª ¦ ô ×

mg. dl. they two went mg. pl. they hit

¢ ¦ ÿȯ ¦ ¥  Ó

Active and Passive Voices ¾ ´÷  »Â  à÷ You already know that as

ò à ç

ò à ç

means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you have to write it

which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below. mg. pl. you created mg. he killed Mg. pl. they demanded mg. he sent

ö ¬ ì ô » ò ¬ ë ¦ ¦ ô × ® à ¥

mg. pl. you were created mg. he was killed

ö ¬ ì ô » ò ¬ ë

mg. pl. they were demanded ¦ ¦ ô × mg. he was sent

® à ¥

I sent

ª ° à ¥

I was sent

ª ° à ¥

we provided

¢ ü ëȱȰ

we were provided

¢ ü ë±Ê É°

mg. pl. they provided

¦ ëȱȰ

mg. pl. they were provided

¦ ë±Ê É°

Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a completely different message. The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to subject. In some cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.

33


34

̸°Ê ¢ Ô÷ òàç

10b. The Present (and Future) Tense Present Tense

Gender: Number:

¸°¢Ô ÷

Arabic Grammar

Possessive Pronouns

Personal Pronouns

No. Gender

he does

òà è

Á

ÿ

sr.

they do.

ÊÀ à è

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. mg.

they do

ÈÀ ôà è

ö ÿ

ö ÿ

pl.

she does.

òà è«

¢ ÿ

ÿ

sr.

they do.

ÊÀ à è «

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. fg.

they do.

ú ô à è

ú ÿ

ú ÿ

pl.

you do

ò à è «

Ƚ

ª ûȦ

sr.

you do

ÀÊ à è «

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. mg.

you do

ÀÈ ôà è «

ö ï

ö ¬ ûȦ

pl

you do

[ ô à è «

ʽ

ª ûȦ

sr.

you do

ÀÊ à è «

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. fg.

you do

ú ô à è «

úï

ú¬ ûȦ

pl.

I do

òà çȦ

Ä

¢ ûȦ

We do

òà èû

¢ û

ú ¸ û

mg: Masculine gender; sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual;

Person

3rd person

2nd person

sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.

fg: Feminine gender pl: Plural (n)

34


35

Arabic Grammar

IMPORTANT NOTE: ¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present tense in general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È» Ç before the

¸°¢Ô÷

forms.

****************** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ****************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.

mg. dl. they two drink

ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì

ú ô à ´ «

fg. pl. you make

mg. he collects

Þ ø ´

mg. dl. you two drink

ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì «

I know

ö ô ßȦ

fg. dl. they two drink

ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì «

I open

¶ ¬ çȦ

mg. dl. you two make

ÊÀ¢ ô à ´ «

fg. sr. you collect

Þ ø ´ «

fg. dl. they two make

ÊÀ¢ ô à ´ «

mg. pl. they thank

ÈÀÂ Â ð Ì

¾ ¦ à û

pl. we worship

ÈÀÂ Â è ð

mg. pl. they recite

ÈÀ ô ¬

I worship

¾ ¦ ßȦ

mg. pl. you recite

ÈÀ ô ¬«

mg. you know

ö ô à «

mg. they don't know

we don't hear

Þ ø È û ¢ ó

mg. pl. they disbelieve

I don't disbelieve

ÈÀ ø ô à ¢ ó  è ïȦ ¢ ó

ÈÀ û Ä ¸ ö ÿ ¢ óÈÂ

And they will not grieve. They hear the words of Allah.

Ê ¦ È¿¢ ô ï ÈÀ à ø È

I do not worhsip what you worship.

ÈÀ ¾ ¦ à « ¢ ÷ ¾ ¦ ßȦ ¢ ó È ¦ ¢Móʦ ¾ ¦ à û ¢ ó

We do not worship except Allah. They believe in Allah and His messenger.

þ ó ÇÈ° ÈÂ Ê ¢ ¥ ÈÀ ü ÷ ¦

35


36

Arabic Grammar

Active and Passive Voice: As you have seen earlier, in case of present tense,

ò à ç

is made passive by writing

òà è

ò à ç

for verbs in past tense. However,

is made passive by writing it as

òà è

, i.e., first letter will have

dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remaining letters will have the same A'araab as in the case of active voice. Concentrate on the following examples: he drinks they (all, mg) help you (mg) ask

ɧ  Ì

he is made / given to drinkɧ  Ì

ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü

they (all, mg) are helped ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü

ɾ È «

you (mg) are asked

ɾ È «

************************* Vocabulary & Exercises **************************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.

they understand they (women) are asked they do not fear (it) is opened.

ÈÀ ì è ú ô È ÈÀ ç¢ ¼ ¢ ó ¶ ¬ è

they cut they will not asked they they are killed

ÈÀ à Ø ì ÈÀ ó È « ¢ ó ÈÀ ô ´ ÈÀ ô¬ ì

ÈÀ à Ø ì ¢ ó

you understand

ö è «

you are provided.

ÈÀ ëȱ  «

you are helped

ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü «

you are provided.

ÈÀ ëȱ  «

you are helped

ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü «

they do not cut

36


37

Arabic Grammar

10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative û   ÷¢È You can order only to the person in front of you (2nd person). Therefore, the imperative and negative forms for only the 2nd person are provided below.

û

Negative Imperative

Imperative

Â÷Ȧ

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

No. Gen- Perder son

Don't do (it).

ò à è « ¢ ó

Do (it).

ò à ç ¦Ê È½ ª ûȦ

sr.

Don't do (it).

¢ ôà è « ¢ ó

(you two) Do (it).

à ç ¦Ê ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. mg.

Don't do (it).

¦ ôà è « ¢ ó

(you all) Do (it).

¦ ôà ç ¦Ê ö ï ö ¬ ûȦ

pl

Don't do (it).

ôà è « ¢ ó

Do (it).

ôà ç ¦Ê Ê½ ª ûȦ

sr.

Don't do (it).

¢ ôà è « ¢ ó

(you two) Do (it).

à ç ¦Ê ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. fg.

Don't do (it).

ú ô à è « ¢ ó

(you all) Do (it).

ú ô à ç ¦Ê úï ú¬ ûȦ

pl.

2nd person

************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************

ò ø ß

asked

ò Ç

ö ô ß

drank

ȧ  Ë

Ƭ  Ë

rode

¤ ïÈ°

(he) separated, divided

ȼ  ç

went

¤ ÿȯ

came near

ȧ  ë

to act, work to know to open, expand

37


38

Arabic Grammar

======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================

im. mg. sr. (you) Go

¤ ÿ̯ʦ

im. mg. pl. Know.

¦ ø ô ßʦ

ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two) Do not go near (it). ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it).

¢ ¥ Â ì « ¢ ó

ni. mg. sr. Do not do (it). ni. mg. sr. Do not go. ni. mg. sr. Do not make. ni. mg. pl. Do not say. (you two) don't come near don't ask me

ò à è « ¢ ó

im. mg. sr. Open. im. mg. sr. (you) Say

ç¢ ¼ « ¢ ó ̬  Ëʦ ò ë

open up for me

ó ̬  Ëʦ

(you all) drink

¦ ¥  Ëʦ

(you all) ride im. mg. sr. (you all) Say im. mg. sr. Be.

¦ ¦ ḭ̈ʦ ¦ ó ë ú ï

and (you all) listen ni. mg. pl. Do not be divided. ni. mg. pl. Do not be.

¤ ÿ À « ¢ ó ò à ´ « ¢ ó ¦ ó ì« ¢ ó ¢ ¥ Â ì « ¢ ó ü ó È « ¢ ó ¦ à ø ǦÈ ¦ ë Âè « ¢ ó ¦ û ð« ¢ ó

IMPORTANT NOTE All the verb forms of òº à ç that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times for different verbs such as: ò¬ ë ¤ÿ ¯È ¶¬ ç È§Â Ë È§Â Ó êè û Âè ï öô ß òø ß

¤ô × ò» ®È ¤¬ ï òà ³ .

38


39

Arabic Grammar

à ç Conjugation table for the verb ò û

Â÷Ȧ

¸°¢Ô ÷

Ó¢ ÷

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

òà è

ò à ç

Á

ÿ

sr.

ÊÀ à è

à ç

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. mg.

ÈÀ ôà è

¦ ôà ç

ö ÿ

ö ÿ

pl.

ò à è «

ª ô à ç

¢ ÿ

ÿ

sr.

ÊÀ à è «

¢ ¬ ô à ç

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. fg.

ú ô à è

ú ô à ç

ú ÿ

ú ÿ

pl.

No. Gender

ò à è« ¢ ó

ò à ç ¦Ê

ò à è «

ª ô à ç

Ƚ

ª ûȦ

sr.

¢ ôà è « ¢ ó

à ç ¦Ê

ÀÊ à è «

¢ ø ¬ ô à ç

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. mg.

¦ ôà è « ¢ ó ¦ ôà ç ¦Ê ÀÈ ôà è «

ö ¬ ô à ç

ö ï

ö ¬ ûȦ

pl

ôà è « ¢ ó ôà ç ¦Ê

[ ô à è «

ª ô à ç

ʽ

ª ûȦ

sr.

à ç ¦Ê

ÀÊ à è «

¢ ø ¬ ô à ç

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. fg.

ú ô à è « ¢ ó ú ô à ç ¦Ê

ú ô à è «

ú¬ ô à ç

úï

ú¬ ûȦ

pl.

òà çȦ

ª ô à ç

Ä

¢ ûȦ

òà èû

¢ ü ô à ç

¢ û

ú ¸ û

¢ ôà è « ¢ ó

Person

3rd person

2nd person

sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.

39


40

Arabic Grammar

Conjugation table for the verb û

¸°¢Ô ÷

Ó¢ ÷

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

ÉÀ ð

ÈÀ¢ ï

Á

ÿ

sr.

ÊÀ ¢û ð

¢û¢ ï

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. mg.

ÈÀ û ð

¦ û¢ ï

ö ÿ

ö ÿ

pl.

ÉÀ ð«

ª û¢ ï

¢ ÿ

ÿ

sr.

ÊÀ ¢û ð«

¢ ¬û¢ ï

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. fg.

ú ð

ú ï

ú ÿ

ú ÿ

pl.

ú ï

ÀÉ ð«

ª ü ï

Ƚ

ª ûȦ

sr.

¢ û ð« ¢ ó ¢ û ï

ÀÊ ¢ û ð«

¢ ø¬ ü ï

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. mg.

¦ û ð« ¢ ó ¦ û ï ÀÈ û ð«

ö ¬ ü ï

ö ï

ö ¬ ûȦ

pl

û ð« ¢ ó û ï [ û ð«

ª ü ï

ʽ

ª ûȦ

sr.

¢ û ð « ¢ ó ¢ û ï

ÀÊ ¢ û ð«

¢ ø¬ ü ï

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. fg.

ú ð «

ú ¬ ü ï

úï

ú¬ ûȦ

pl.

ÉÀ ïȦ

ª ü ï

Ä

¢ ûȦ

ÉÀ ðû

¢ ü ï

¢ û

ú ¸ û

ú ð « ¢ ó

ú ð « ¢ ó

The verb forms of

Â÷Ȧ

ÀÈ ¢ ï

ú ï

ÀÈ ¢ ï are extensively used in the Qur'an.

No. Gender

Person

3rd person

2nd person

sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.

Try to reproduce this table a couple of

times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

40


41

Arabic Grammar

Ăˆ ¢ÂŠĂŤ Conjugation table for the verb ž Ăť

Ă‚áĂˆÂŚ

¸°¢Ă” á

Ă“¢ á

Poss. Prns.

Pers. Prns.

Éž ÂŒĂŹ

Ăˆž¢ÂŠĂŤ

Â?

Ă

Ăż

sr.

ÊÀŠ ÂŒĂŹ

Š ¢ÂŠĂŤ

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. mg.

ĂˆĂ€ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŹ

ÂŚ ÂŒó¢ÂŠĂŤ

Ăś Ăż

Ăś Ăż

pl.

Éž ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

ªŠó¢ÂŠĂŤ

¢ ÿ

Ăż

sr.

ÊÀŠ ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

¢ Šó¢ÂŠĂŤ

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. fg.

Ăş Â’Ă´ÂŒĂŹ

Ăş Â’Ă´ÂŒĂŤ

Ăş Ăż

Ăş Ăż

pl.

No. Gender

òÂ’ ĂŹÂŒ ÂŤ Š

òÂ’ ĂŤÂŒ

žĂ‰ ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

ÂŞ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

Ăˆ½

ÂŞ ĂťĂˆÂŚ

sr.

¢ÂŠĂł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š

¢ÂŠĂł ÂŒĂŤ

ÀÊ Š ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

¢ ø Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

¢ øÂŒĂŻ

¢ ø ÂŹ ĂťĂˆÂŚ

dl. mg.

ÂŚ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š ÂŚ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŤ

Ă€Ăˆ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

Ăś ÂŹ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

ĂśÂŒĂŻ

Ăś ÂŹ ĂťĂˆÂŚ

pl

Ăł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š Ăł ÂŒĂŤ

[ Ăł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

ÂŞ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

ĂŠ½

ÂŞ ĂťĂˆÂŚ

sr.

¢ÂŠĂł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š

¢ÂŠĂł ÂŒĂŤ

ÀÊ Š ÂŒĂŹÂŤ

¢ ø Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

¢ øÂŒĂŻ

¢ ø ÂŹ ĂťĂˆÂŚ

dl. fg.

Ăş Ă´Â’ ĂŹÂŒ ÂŤ Š

Ăş Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

Ăş Ă´Â’ ĂŹÂŒ ÂŤ

Ăş ÂŹ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ

úïÂŒ

ú ĂťĂˆÂŚ

pl.

Éž ÂŒĂŤĂˆÂŚ

ÂŞÂ’Ă´ÂŒĂŤ

Ă„

¢ ĂťĂˆÂŚ

Éž ÂŒĂŹĂť

¢ ĂźÂ’Ă´ÂŒĂŤ

¢ Ý

ú ¸ Ý

Different forms of

žĂˆÂşÂŠ ¢ ĂŤ are frequently used in the Qur'an.

Person

3rd person

2nd person

sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.

Try to reproduce this table a couple of

times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.

41


42

Arabic Grammar

Š à çŠ 10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ò Verbal Noun

° ž � á

Passive participle

Active participle

ž Ă Â’è øÂ’óŒ Ăś Çʌ ò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠèÂ’óŒ Ăś Çʌ

Present (& future) Tense

Past Tense

ĂŒ¸ĂŠ°¢ Ă” á

Ă“¢ á

S. No.

ˆò à ç

ž Ă Â’è á

ò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠç

ÂŒòà Â’è

Šò à Šç

1

ˆò Ă Â’è ÂŤ

ò à Šè á

ò à Šè á

ÂŒòà èŠ

Šò à Šç

2

ˆ¨ÂŠĂ´ Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè á

ò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè á

ò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè á

ÂŒòĂ&#x; ¢ÂŠè

Šò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠç

3

Æž¢ Ă Â’çĂŠÂŚ

ò Ă Â’è á

ò Ă Â’è á

ÂŒòà Â’è

Šò Ă Â’çĂˆÂŚ

4

ˆòà Šè ÂŤ

ò à Šè ÂŹ á

ò à Šè ÂŹ á

ÂŒò à èŠ ÂŹ

Šò à Šè ÂŤ

5

ˆ¨ÂŠĂ´ Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè ÂŹ á

ò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè ÂŹ á

ò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè ÂŹ á

ÂŒòĂ&#x; ¢ÂŠè ÂŹ

Šò Ă&#x;¢ÂŠè ÂŤ 6

Æž¢ à è Ýʌ

ò à Šè Ăź á

ò à Šèß á

ÂŒòà èŠ Ăź

Šò à Šè Ýʌ 7

Æž¢ Ă ÂŹÂ’çĂŠÂŚ

ò Ă ÂŹÂ’è á

ò Ă ÂŹÂ’è á

ÂŒòà  Â’è

Šò Ă ÂŹÂ’çĂŠÂŚ 8

ƞŠ Ă Â’çĂŠÂŚ

òŠô Ă Â’è á

ò Ă´ Ă Â’è á

òN Ă Â’è

Mò Ă Â’çĂŠÂŚ

Æž¢ Ă Â’è ÂŹ Çʌ

ò Ă Â’è ÂŹ Ăˆ á

ò Ă Â’è ÂŹ Ăˆ á

ÂŒòà Â’è Ăˆ

9

Šò Ă Â’è ÂŹ Çʌ 1 0

Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the meanings of around a Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a much wider understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with their root word easily. For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb

Šòº à Šç

" and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives an example

of how the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb

Šò à Šç"

can be reproduced for

the derived form number 3, Šò Ă Â’ç¢ ,. You can reproduce the following for each of the derivatives.

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43

Arabic Grammar

An Example: Conjugation table for the verb ò à çÈ¢ ¸°¢Ô ÷

Ó¢ ÷

òà è

ò à çÈ¢

Á

ÿ

sr.

ÊÀ à è

à çÈ¢

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. mg.

ÈÀ ôà è

¦ ôà çÈ¢

ö ÿ

ö ÿ

pl.

òà è «

ª ô à çÈ¢

¢ ÿ

ÿ

sr.

ÊÀ à è «

¢ ¬ ô à çÈ¢

¢ ø ÿ

¢ ø ÿ

dl. fg.

ú ô à è

ú ô à çÈ¢

ú ÿ

ú ÿ

pl.

ò à è «

ª ô à çÈ¢

Ƚ

ª ûȦ

sr.

ÀÊ à è «

¢ ø ¬ ô à çÈ¢

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. mg.

ÀÈ ôà è «

ö ¬ ô à çÈ¢

ö ï

ö ¬ ûȦ

pl

[ ô à è «

ª ô à çÈ¢

ʽ

ª ûȦ

sr.

ÀÊ à è «

¢ ø ¬ ô à çÈ¢

¢ ø ï

¢ ø ¬ ûȦ

dl. fg.

ú ô à è «

ú ¬ ô à çÈ¢

úï

ú¬ ûȦ

pl.

òà çɦ

ª ô à çÈ¢

Ä

¢ ûȦ

òà è û

¢ ü ôà çÈ¢

¢ û

ú ¸ û

Poss.

Prns.

Pers.

Prns.

No.

Gender

Person

3rd person

2nd person

sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.

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Arabic Grammar

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Arabic Grammar

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