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Arabic Grammar
3 APPENDIX B: A BRIEF JOURNEY THROUGH ARABIC GRAMMAR You will cover the basics of the following topics in this Part. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Subject and Predicate………………………… 19 Masculine and Feminine Genders…………… 20 Numbers: Singular, Dual, and Plural……… 22 Adjective and its Noun………………………… 23 The Possessive Case or Genitive………………24 Interrogatives ………………………… ……… 26 Pronouns………………………………………… 26 The Prepositions…………………………………29 Subject, Verb, and Object………………………30 The Tense…………………………………………31 10a. Past Tense ………………………………… 31 10b. Imperfect Tense ………………… ……… 34 10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative…… 37 10d. Derived Forms of the verb ……………… 42
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Arabic Grammar
1. Subject and Predicate  Œ   Œ ž Œ á Allah is creator. Muhammad (peace be upon him, pbuh) is prophet. Tariq is Mujahid (one who struggles) The sentences like these are composed of a subject and a predicate which are called in Arabic. To translate such sentences into Arabic, just put Tanveen ( words (in case they are singular masculine). Tanveen (
Æ
Æ
Œ ž Œ á and  Œ 
) on each of these
) is also known as double pesh or
double dhammah.
ĂŞ ó¢ Âť É Â…ĂˆÂŚ
Allah is creator.
ŽŒ Ý ž ø ¸ á
Muhammad (pbuh) is Prophet.
ž ÿ¢´ á Ɵʰ¢Š×
Tariq is a Mujahid.
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 1 ************************ creator
ê ó¢ 
prophet
ÂŽÂŚ Ăť
one who
ž ÿ¢ ´ á
struggles house
ÂŞ ÂĽ
big mg. slave
ZŽŒŠï ž ÂŚ Ă&#x;
pious
œ ó¢ �
truthful
Ɵʎ¢ �
religion
Ăş ĂŠÂŽ
one
ž¡ ÂŚĂˆĂ‚
scholar
Ăś ó¢ Ă&#x;
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 1 ======================= Using the words and their meanings given above, translate the following sentences into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The house is big.
ZŽŒŠï ÂŞ ÂŚÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
Islam is a religion.
The slave is pious.
œ ó¢ � ž Œ à ’óŒ
Allah is one.
The Muslim is truthful.
Ɵʎ¢ Ă? Üô Ăˆ Ă¸Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
Javeed is a scholar
Ăş ĂŠÂŽ É¿¢Šô Ç Â˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ž ÂˇÂŚĂˆĂ‚ Ă‰Â…ĂˆÂŚ Ăś ó¢ Ă&#x; ž Ê¢ Âł
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2. Masculine and Feminine Genders
Arabic Grammar
ÂŽ Ăť š á ĂˆĂ‚ Ă‚MïÀŠ á
You must have heard the Arabic names, for e.g., lies the rule. Just put
¨
ÂˆĂ˛ ø Âł for a boy and ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂ´ ø Âł for a girl.
There
at the end of a masculine (singular) word to make it feminine (singular).
For example,
ˆ¨ ĂŻĂˆÂŻ ĂŻĂˆÂŻ ÂˆÂ¨Ăź á š á
ˆ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ă? Âś ó¢ Ă? ƨ ž Ă‹ÂŚĂˆÂ° ž Ă‹ÂŚĂˆÂ°
Ăş á š á ƨ žŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;
žŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;
¨ ž ó¢ 
ž ó¢ 
Notes: 1. Arabic has two genders, i.e., masculine gender and feminine gender. There is no common gender in Arabic. 2. A common sign of a feminine word is
¨
3. To make a specific reference, we put
ĂŒÂžĂˆÂŚ in front of a common noun in Arabic just as we put
(in general) as the last letter of the word.
"the" in front of a common noun in English. When ĂŒÂžĂˆÂŚ is attached to an Arabic word, we remove one of
É
(dhamma or pesh) from the two
Æ
(Tanveen or double pesh). For
example,
ɞ Ç Ă‚ĂłĂˆÂŚ ƞ Ă‡ĂˆÂ° Â? Ă‰Ă€ÂŠÂ˘Ăˆ Ăť Â˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ÆÀ¢ Ăˆ Ýʌ 4. Occasionally, the prefix
ĂŒÂžĂˆÂŚ
Â? ž ø Â¸Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
ž ø ¡
is used to imply generality also. For e.g., À¢ Ăˆ Ăť Â˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ (the human
being). 5. If the
Œ žº  Œ á
For example,
(subject) is feminine, then its
Âś ó¢ Ă? Ă‰Â§ÂŠÂ˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
Ă‚ ÂŚÂş Âť
(predicate) will also be feminine.
ˆ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ă? NÂżÂŒÂ˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
Additional rules for making feminine gender of dual and plural nouns are given in the following lesson.
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Arabic Grammar
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 2 ************************ mg. small
Z ä �
fg. small
ƨ Z ä �
uncle (mother's brother)
ƞ¢ 
mg. beautiful
ÂˆĂ˛ ø Âł
aunt (mother's sister)
ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂłÂ˘ Âť
fg. beautiful
ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂ´ ø Âł
mg. big
ZŽŒŠï
fg. big
ƨ ZŽŒŠï
brother
mg. intelligent
ĂŻĂˆÂŻ
mg. worshipper
žŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;
father
Ă†Â§ĂˆÂŚ
uncle (father's brother)
Ăś Ă&#x;
fg. worshipper
ƨ žŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;
mother
K¿ÉŒ
aunt (father's sister)
ˆ¨ ø Ă&#x;
mg. truthful
Ɵʎ¢ Ă? ÆÂĂˆÂŚ
Ăş ÂĽĂŠÂŚ
son
ª ߎ¼
daughter
sister
ª ÉŒ
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 2 ======================= Find out the masculine and feminine words in the following sentences and translate them into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. The son is beautiful.
ÂˆĂ˛ ø Âł Ăş ÂĽ Â˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The daughter is beautiful.ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂ´ ø Âł ÂŞ ĂźÂŽÂŚÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The brother is intelligent. The sister is intelligent.
ĂŻÂŻ ÉÂÂŠÂ˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ˆ¨ ĂŻĂˆÂŻ ÂŞ ÂťÂŒÂ˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The father is pious.
Âś ó¢ Ă? Ă‰Â§ÂŠÂ˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The uncle is truthful.
Ɵʎ¢ Ă? ɞ¢ ÂźÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The mother is pious.
ˆ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ă? NÂżÂŒÂ˘Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The aunt is truthful.
ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂŤĂŠÂŽÂ˘ Ă? ÂŒÂ¨ĂłÂŠÂ˘ ÂźÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The uncle is big. The aunt is big.
ZŽŒŠï Ăś Ă Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ƨ ZŽŒŠï ά Ă¸Ă Â’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
The son is small. The daughter is small.
Z ä Ă? Ăş ÂĽÂŽÂœÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ ƨ Z ä Ă? ÂŞ ĂźÂŽÂŚÂ’ĂłĂˆÂŚ
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Arabic Grammar
3. Numbers: Singular, Dual and Plural Þø Âł Â? ¨ ߎ’° ÂŤ Â? ž ÂˇÂŚĂˆĂ‚ There are specific rules in Arabic for making singular, dual, and plural forms of a word. (Yes, dual is a separate and distinct Number in Arabic). There are two types of plurals in Arabic. Solid Plural ( Ăś ó¢º Ç Ăžf ) and Broken Plural ( ZĂŠĂˆÂ’Ă° ÂŤ Ăžf ). The plural form depends upon the context in which it is used, as shown below (for the Solid Plural case only): 'Aaraab forms ↓
¸ ÂŒĂ§ Âá
with Dhamma ( É- ); when used as subject
§ � ßá
with Fatha
( Ăˆ- );
when used as object
Â°ĂŒĂ‚ Ă‚ ´á
with Kasra
( ĂŠ- );
when the noun is used with preposition
Plural
Dual
Singular
Gender mg.
ĂˆĂ€ øô Ăˆ á NJ¢ øô Ăˆ á
ÊÀ¢ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á ÀÊ ¢ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á
Ăś Ă´ Ăˆ á ¨ˆ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á
[ ÂŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á NJ¢ øô Ăˆ á
úŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á úŽ ÂŹ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á
Ăś Ă´ Ăˆ á ¨† ø Ă´ Ăˆ á
mg.
[ ÂŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á Š Ç ¢ øô Ăˆ á
úŽ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á úŽ ÂŹ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á
܉ Ă´ Ăˆ á ¨ ø Ă´ Ăˆ á
mg.
fg.
fg.
fg.
******************* Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 3 ******************* Try to practice the rules of making dual and plural by reproducing the above table for the following words (both for masculine and feminine case): hypocrite
ê ç¢ ß á
believer
ú á š á
disbeliever
 碊ï
patient
Ž¼¢ �
helper
 �¢ Ý
worshipper
žŽ¼¢ Ă&#x;
scholar
Ăś ó¢ Ă&#x;
one who struggles
pious
œ ó¢ �
killer
protector
ÂˆĂš ç¢ ¡
one who prostrates
ž ÿ¢ ´ á
one remembers
who
Ă‚ ĂŻÂŚĂˆÂŻ
ÂˆĂ˛ ¢ŠÍ
truthful
Ɵʎ¢ �
žŽ³¢ Ç
prophet
ÂŽÂŚ Ăť
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Arabic Grammar
4. Adjective and its Noun » Ï ÷  ¨ èÏ Look at the following phrases and their translations: a true Muslim
Ƽʮ¢ Ï ö ô È ÷
a pious person
a small book
Z ä Ï Æ§¢ ¬ ï
a trustworthy uncle
a big mosque
Z ¦ ï ¾ ´ È ÷
a beautiful house
These phrases are said to be composed of
¶ ó¢ Ï ò ³È° [ ÷Ȧ ƾ¢ » ò ø ³ ª ¥
¨ºº è Ï (adjective) and » Ï ÷ (the noun of the
adjective). To translate these into Arabic, just reverse the order of the words (Muslim then true
¼Ê®¢º º Ï) and put tanveen ( Æ ) on each of them.
ö ô È ÷
The tanveen could be Å or
Ç
and
Æ
or
depending upon the context in which this phrase is used. The rules are similar to those of
 ¦ » ¦ ¾¬ ¦ ÷
(subject and predicate) except that in case of
¨ è Ï
» Ï ÷ Â : 1: The order of the words is reversed; and 2: If the first word is attached with
¾Ì ¦È , then the second will also have ¾Ì ¦È
attached to it.
For e.g., using the same phrases given above, we will have: the true Muslim
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ð ó¦ öô È ø óȦ
the pious person
the small book
Zä Ð ó¦ ɧ¢ ¬ ð óȦ
the trustworthy uncle
[÷ ¢ ó¦ ɾ¢ ¼ óȦ
the big mosque
Z¦ ð ó¦ ¾´ Èø óȦ
the beautiful house
ò ø ´ ó¦ ª ¦ óȦ
And remember, as in case of
 ¦ » ¦ ¾¬ ¦ ÷
¶ó ¢ Ð ó¦ ò ³  óȦ
(subject and predicate), if the first word is feminine,
the second should also be feminine. Further, if the first word is dual or plural, the second should also be dual or plural in number, i.e, the two words should agree in gender and number with respect to each other. For example: the true Muslim man the true Muslim men
ɼ®Ê ¢ Ð ó¦ öô È ø óȦ ÈÀ ëÊ®¢ Ð ó¦ ÈÀ øô È ø óȦ
the true Muslim woman the true Muslim women
¨ë Ê®¢ Ð ó¦ ¨ø ô È ø óȦ É©¢ ëÊ®¢ Ð ó¦ É©¢ ø ô È ø óȦ
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Arabic Grammar
==================== Exercises for Lesson No. 4 ==================== Try to translate the following sentences and phrases. Notice the difference in Arabic construction for a simple sentence ( noun (
Âť Ă? á ĂˆĂ‚ ¨ŠèĂ?
Ă‚ ÂŚÂť ĂˆĂ‚ ÂŚ ž ÂŚ á
) and for adjective and its
).
The house is big.
ZŒŽïŠ ÂŞ ÂŚ Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
the big house
ZŒŽðŠ ’óŒ ÂŞ ÂŚ Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
The slave is pious. The Muslim is truthful. The path is straight. The uncle is pious. The aunt is pious.
ϗ ¢ Ă? ž ÂŚĂ Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
the pious slave
ϗ ¢ Ă?óŒ ž ÂŚĂ Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
ƟŽÊ ¢ Ă? Üô Ăˆ Ă¸Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
the truthful Muslim the straight path
ɟŽÊ ¢ Ă?óŒ Üô Ăˆ Ă¸Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
Ăś ĂŹÂŹ Ăˆ á ɜŒ Ă‚ Ă?ĂłĂˆÂŚ
Ăś ĂŹÂŹ Ăˆ ø’óŒ ɜŒ Ă‚ Ă?ĂłĂˆÂŚ
ϗ ¢ Ă? ĂśĂ Â’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
the pious uncle
ϗ ¢ Ă?óŒ ĂśĂ ĂłĂˆÂŚ
ˆ¨¸ Ăł ¢ Ă? ÂŒÂ¨ĂłÂŠÂ˘ ÂźÂ’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
the pious aunt
Œ¨¸ Ăł ¢ Ă?óŒ ÂŒÂ¨ĂłÂŠÂ˘ ÂźÂ’ĂłÂŚĂˆ
5. The Possessive Case or Genitive Þ Šó¤ ¢ Ô á  ¢ Ô á Look at the following phrases and their translations: the creation of Allah
ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ĂŞÂ’Ă´Âť
the house of Allah
the nation of Hud
ǎ ÿ É¿ ŠÍ
the call of the prophet
ʞ Ç ÂóŒ ɨ Ă&#x;ĂˆÂŽ
ĂŠĂ€ÂĄĂ‚ÂŒĂŹÂ’ĂłÂŚ ܒð ¡
the creation of Allah
ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ĂŞÂ’Ă´Âť
the command of the Qur'an
ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ÂŞ ÂĽ
Notes: 1. To convey the meanings of "of," we place Dhammah or pesh ( É- ) on the first word and double kasra ( Ç- ) on the second word. 2. As usual, if the second word has
ÂžĂˆÂ˘
attached with it, then instead of double kasra
( Ç- ), we will have single kasra ( Ê- ) on the second word.
꺒ô  in the sentence ʅŒ ê’ô is called ¢Ôá. called Þ ó¤ ¢Ôá , which should always be a proper noun.
3. The first noun
The second noun ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ is
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4. In Arabic the construction of ¢Ôá and
Arabic Grammar
Þ ó¤ ¢Ôá
automatically takes care of the " 's "
or "of" (Allah's creation OR the creation of Allah) as shown in the above examples. 5. The construction of
¢ººÔá
and
Þ ó¤ ¢Ôá
automatically implies specific person or
thing. Therefore, 'the' is always added in English translation of this phrase. *********************** Vocabulary for Lesson No. 5 *********************** grance
ÂˆĂ˛ ÔçŠ
day
Æ¿
words way, system
rebellion
ÆÀ¢ Ă¤ÂŒĂ—
judgement
Ăş ĂŠÂŽ
the people
ɲ¢ ĂźĂłĂˆÂŚ
to establish
ˆ¨ ᢊÍʤ
house
Ă†Â°ÂŚĂˆÂŽ
the prayer
ɨ¢Šô Ă?ĂłĂˆÂŚ
messenger
Æ¿¢ŠôŠï ˆ¨ Ăź Ç ƞ Ă‡ĂˆÂ° ¤ ĂˆÂ°
doubt
hereafter
ƨ  ¥
to obey
ˆ¨ Ă&#x;¢Š×ʤ
human being ÆÀ¢ Ăˆ Ýʌ
food
Æ¿¢ à Š×
parents
Žú ž óŒÊÂ
remembrance
sinner
Ăś ÂŻĂˆÂŚ
earth
Ă†ÂľĂŒÂ°ĂˆÂŚ
the most
Ă‚Â’ĂŻĂŠÂŻ
úø ÂˇĂˆÂ°
beneficent ======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 5 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. the establishment of ʨ¢Šô Ă?óŒ ÂŒÂ¨Ăˇ ¢ŠÍʤ the words of Allah ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ É¿¢ŠôŠï prayer the obedience to ÂŽĂş ž óŒ ’óŒ άĂ&#x; ¢Š×ʤ the book of Allah ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ɧŠ¢ ĂŻ parents the earth of Allah the way of the ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ Ă‰ÂľĂŒÂ°ĂˆÂ˘ ʞ Ç ÂóŒ ά Ăź Ç messenger the rebellion of the doubt of the ʲ¢ ßóŒ ÉÀ¢ Ă¤ÂŒĂ— the ÊÀ¢ Ăˆ ĂťÂŽÂœÂ’ĂłÂŚ ¤ ĂˆÂ° people human being the house of the remembrance of ʨ Ă‚ –’óŒ Ă‰Â°ÂŚĂˆÂŽ the úø ¡ ÂóŒ Ă‚Â’ĂŻĂŠÂŻ hereafter the most Beneficent. the food of the ÂŽĂś ÂŻÂŠÂ˜Â’ĂłÂŚ É¿¢ à Š× the grace of Allah ĂŠÂ…ÂŚ ÂŒĂ˛ ÔçŠ sinner the house of Hamid the day of judgement
ž ᢠ¡ ª ¼
Žú žóŒ É¿
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6. Interrogatives
Arabic Grammar
¿¢ è¬Ç ¦ ©¦Â®¢
When
U ÷
Who
ú ÷
Where
ú Ȧ
What
¢ ÷ ¦È¯¢ ÷
Why
¦È¯¢ ø ó
Which (masculine)
NÄȦ
How much, How many
ö ï
Which (feminine)
¨ Ȧ
Is?
È¢ ò ÿ
How
æ ï
¦
Am?
Are?
Do?
Have?
7. Pronouns
 ¢ ø Ó 7a. Relative Pronouns
Relative Pronoun
Demonstrative Pronoun
¾ Ï ø ó ¦ öÇ ¦Ê
¨È°¢ Ë¢ ó ¦ öÇ ¦Ê
(The one) who (The two) who (Those) who (The one) who (The two) who (Those) who
Ä ÀóM¦È
That
î ó ¯
This
ÀÊ ¦ ÀóM¦È
Those (two)
î û ¯
¦Àÿ
sr.
These (two)
ÀÊ ¦ Àÿ
dl.
ú ÀóM¦È
Those (more than two)
î óÂɦ
These (more than two)
ÿ
pl.
ÁÊ À ÿ
sr.
¦
¦
Number
¬óM¦È
That
î ô «
This
ÀÊ ¢ ¬óM¦È
Those (two)
î û ¢ «
These (two)
ÀÊ ¢ «¢ ÿ
dl.
«¢Mó¦È
Those (more than two)
These (more than two)
ÿ
pl.
î óÂɦ
Gender
mg.
fg.
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Arabic Grammar
7b. Personal and Possessive Pronouns Examples on pronouns his book
their house
¢ ø ¬ ¥
their belief
ö û ¢ {¦Ê
her mother their house
¢ ÷ ¦É ¢ ø ¬ ¥
their house
ú ¬ ¥
your book your house
î ¥¢ ¬ï
your messenger your house your book
þ ¥¢ ¬ï
¢ øð ¬ ¥
Possessive Pronouns
ÿ
sr.
¢ øÿ
they two
¢ øÿ
dl.
their
ö ÿ
they
ö ÿ
pl.
her
¢ ÿ
she
ÿ
sr.
¢ øÿ
they two
¢ øÿ
dl.
their
ú ÿ
they
ú ÿ
pl.
your
½È
you
ª û ¦È
sr.
¢ ø¬ û ¦È
dl.
their (of two)
their (of two)
your (of two)
¢ øï
ö ð ó Ç °È
you
ö ï
î ¬ ¥
your
½Ê
¢ øð ¥ ¢ ¬ï
your house
ú ð ¬ ¥
my book gave me rizq our book
¥¢ ¬ï üë ±È° ¢ ü¥ ¢ ¬ï
No.
he
his
Á
Personal Pronouns
your (of two) your my
me our
¢ øï ú ï Ä û ¢ û
you two you all
ö ¬ û ¦È
you
ª û ¦È
sr.
¢ ø¬ û ¦È
dl.
ú ¬ û ¦È
pl.
¢ û¦È
sr.
you two you all I
pl
Gender
Person
mg.
3rd person fg.
mg.
2nd person fg.
mg. fg. 1st
we
ú¸ û
dl., pl.
mg., fg.
person
NOTE: Memorize these pronouns thoroughly because they occur quite often in the Qur'an.
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Arabic Grammar
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 7 ************************ Companions
Ƨ¢ ¸ ÏȦ
hearing
Þ ø Ç
and
ÈÂ
for
¾È ʾ
Shop
ÆÀ¢MïÉ®
relatives
ò ÿȦ
from
ú ÷
I helped
É© Â Ð û
Verily
MÀʦ
son
ú ¥¦
Sustainer, Lord
K§È°
tongue
À¢ È ó
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 7 ======================= He is a Muslim.
ö ô È ÷ ÿ
You are a scholar.
I am a believer.
ú ÷ ÷ ¢ ûȦ
She is righteous.
your tongue
ö ð û¢ È ó
for him
towards me
óʦ
ü ¥Ê¦
my son I helped him
þ « Â Ð û
ö ó¢ ß ª ûȦ ¨ ¸ ó¢ Ï ÿ þ ó
towards them (females) for us
ú óʦ ö ð ûʦ
from you
î ü ÷
towards us
¢ ü óʦ
verily you (males)
towards them (males) from you
ö óʦ
your hearing
î ü ÷
verily we
¢ ü ûʦ
our Lord
¢ ü ¥È°
my house
¬ ¥
your Lord
ö ð ¥È°
for them
¢ ø ó
my relatives
ô ÿȦ
our messenger
¢ ü ó ÇÈ°
¢ ü ó ö ð à øÇ
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Arabic Grammar
8. The Preposition  ³ »Â· Prepositions
ç
in
ª ¥ ç
in a house
ú ÷
We read from the Qur'an.
ô ß
on a mountain
from on
Examples of Prepositions / usage
¦
Ƚ
like
ú ß
about
ÊÀ¡  ì ó¦ ú ÷ ¢ ûÌ¢  ë ò ¦ ³ ô ß ò ³Â ï
like a man I heard
¾ ´ È ø ó¦ ç ʨ ô Ðó¦ ú ß ª àø Ç
about Prayer in the Masjid
ʧ
with
ʾ
for
óʦ
¦
towards until
¬ ·
¦
by (of oath)
ÈÂ
I enetered with security
Ç¿¢ ô È ¥ ª ô» È®
for people
ʲ¢ üô ó
towards a city
¾ ô ¥ óʦ
until the day-break
 ´ è ó¦ Þ ô Ø ÷ ¬ ·
By Allah
Ê ¦ÈÂ
Rules of using Prepositions: 1. These words are used as connectors. 2. When these words are used with a proper noun, then a double kasrah ( -Ç ), is placed on the last letter of word (or a single kasra, -Ê in case ¾È¦ is attached with it).
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Arabic Grammar
9. Subject òß ¢ ç , Verb ò àç , and Object ¾ à è÷ In general, in an Arabic sentence, the verb comes first, followed by the subject and the object. A Double Dhammah or tanveen ( -Æ ) is placed on the subject and double fathah ( -Å ) is placed on the object. Look at the following examples: Hameed read the Qur'an.
¢ û ¢ Â ë ¾ ø · È¢  ë
Iqbal wrote a book.
¢ ¥¢ ¬ ï ƾ¢ ¦ ëʦ ¤ ¬ ï
¦
In the first sentence, read is the verb, Hameed is the subject, and the Qur'an is the object. In the second one, wrote is the verb, Iqbal is the subject, and a book is the object. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 9 *************************
È¢ Â ë
read
made
ò à ³
created
ȼ  ç
collected
wrote
¤ ¬ ï
separated
cheated
ȸ ¾ »
water
Æ ¢ ÷
wealth, means
ê ô » Þ ø ³ ƾ¢ ÷
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 9 ======================= Translate the following into English. The translation is also provided to help you check your answers. Allah made Muhammad ¢ ó ÇM° ¦ ¾ ø¸ ÷ É ¦ ò à ³ (pbuh) a messenger. Allah created the people.
Ȳ¢ üó¦ É ¦ ê ô »
Allah revealed the book. The Satan cheacter the man. We parted the sea. Note: When a word is attached with -É
¢ ¥¢ ¬ ï É ¦ Ⱦ Ä ûȦ ÈÀ¢ È û ¢ ó¦ ÉÀ¢ Ø Ìó¦ ȸ ¾ »
 ¸ ¦ ó¦ ¢ ü ë Â ç ¾Ì ¢È then one of two fathah ( -È ) , kasrah ( -Ê ) or dhammah (
) in a tanveen ( -Å -Ç or -Æ ) are dropped. For example, as shown in the above sentences,
¼ Æ °Êº ¢×
É ¢ Ø Ì óȦ has one dhammah since ¾Ì ¦È is attached with ÀÆ ¢ Ø Ë has double dhammah, whereas À
. Similarly,
¢ ó Ç°È
¦ ó ¦È has only one fathah. has double fathah, whereas  ¸
30
31
10.
Arabic Grammar
Tense
10a. The Past Tense
Ó¢ ÷ òàç Ó¢ ÷
Possessive Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
ò à ç
Á
ÿ
sr.
à ç
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
¦ ôà ç
ö ÿ
ö ÿ
pl.
ª ô à ç
¢ ÿ
ÿ
sr.
¢ ¬ ô à ç
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. fg.
ú ô à ç
ú ÿ
ú ÿ
pl.
you did
ª ô à ç
Ƚ
ª ûȦ
sr.
you two did
¢ ø ¬ ô à ç
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. mg.
you all did
ö ¬ ô à ç
ö ï
ö ¬ ûȦ
pl
you did
ª ô à ç
ʽ
ª ûȦ
sr.
you two did
¢ ø ¬ ô à ç
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. fg.
you all did
ú¬ ô à ç
úï
ú¬ ûȦ
pl.
I did
ª ô à ç
Ä
¢ ûȦ
We did
¢ ü ô à ç
¢ û
ú ¸ û
Past Tense
he did they two did they all did she did they two did they all did
Gender: mg.: Masculine gender; Number: sr.: Singular; dl..: Dual;
No. Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.
fg.: Feminine gender pl.: Plural (n)
31
32
Arabic Grammar
Try to practice the pronouns and past tense by repeating the conjugation table using the following words. This will greatly help you in getting yourself familiarized with the verb forms. Is it not worth repeating it 10 to 15 times so that you can remember it for the rest of your life? It certainly is! Learning and practicing them for the sake of understanding Qur'an is one of the best worship for which you will be abundantly rewarded by Allah, inshaAllah. ************************* Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a *************************
ò à ç
he went
¤ ¬ ï
he killed
È¢ Â ë
he made
he did he wrote he read
he found
¾ ³ÈÂ
ò ¬ ë
he refused
 è ï
ò à ³
he joined
ò ÏÈÂ
he created
ê ô »
he sent
® à ¥
he provided rizq
ȼȱȰ
 Рû
he opened
¶ ¬ ç
ȧ  Ó
he entered
ò »È®
he helped he hit,
¤ ÿȯ
gave example he demanded
¤ ô ×
he drank
ȧ  Ë
====================== Exercises for Lesson No. 10a ======================= Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The English translation is provided for you to check your answers.
mg. dl. they opened
¢ ¸ ¬ ç
¦ ¦ ¬ ï
mg. pl. they wrote
mg. pl. you did
ö ¬ ô à ç
mg. you helped
mg. pl. they did
¦ ôà ç
mg./fg. dl. you two opened
mg./fg. dl. you two did mg. dl. they two did
¢ ø ¬ ô à ç ¢ ô à ç
mg. you did
ª ô à ç
fg. she did
ª ô à ç
fg. pl. they did mg. pl. you went
ú ô à ç ö ¬ ¦ ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two helped ¢ ø « Â Ð û
È© Â Ð û ¢ ø ¬ ¸ ¬ ç
mg. pl. you demanded
ö ¬ ¦ ô ×
mg. dl. they two wrote
¢ ¦ ¬ ï
mg. pl. they demanded
¦ ¦ ô ×
mg. you went
ª ¦ ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. they two
¢ ø ¬ ¦ ô ×
demanded mg. pl. you wrote
ö ¬ ¦ ¬ ï
32
33
Arabic Grammar
mg. you demanded
ª ¦ ô ×
fg. dl. they two hit
¢ ¬ ¥ Â Ó
fg. dl. they two helped
¢ « Â Ð û
mg. pl. they went
¦ ¦ ÿȯ
mg./fg. dl. you two went
¢ ø ¬ ¦ ÿȯ
mg. you opened
ª ¸ ¬ ç
mg. pl. you helped
ö « Â Ð û
mg./fg. dl. you two wrote
fg. you wrote
ª ¦ ¬ ï
mg. he wrote
¤ ¬ ï
mg. pl. you opened
ö ¬ ¸ ¬ ç
¢ ø ¬ ¦ ¬ ï mg. pl. they opened
¦ ¸ ¬ ç
mg. you demanded
ª ¦ ô ×
mg. dl. they two went mg. pl. they hit
¢ ¦ ÿȯ ¦ ¥  Ó
Active and Passive Voices ¾ ´÷  »Â  à÷ You already know that as
ò à ç
ò à ç
means (he) did. To make passive voice of this, you have to write it
which means (it) is done. Further examples are given below. mg. pl. you created mg. he killed Mg. pl. they demanded mg. he sent
ö ¬ ì ô » ò ¬ ë ¦ ¦ ô × ® à ¥
mg. pl. you were created mg. he was killed
ö ¬ ì ô » ò ¬ ë
mg. pl. they were demanded ¦ ¦ ô × mg. he was sent
® à ¥
I sent
ª ° à ¥
I was sent
ª ° à ¥
we provided
¢ ü ëȱȰ
we were provided
¢ ü ë±Ê É°
mg. pl. they provided
¦ ëȱȰ
mg. pl. they were provided
¦ ë±Ê É°
Important Note: Always be careful in placing A'araab (fathah, kasrah, or dhammah) on different parts of a sentence. A little change in these A'araab may lead to a completely different message. The tense may change from active to passive or the object may be changed to subject. In some cases, the sentence may not make any sense at all.
33
34
̸°Ê ¢ Ô÷ òàç
10b. The Present (and Future) Tense Present Tense
Gender: Number:
¸°¢Ô ÷
Arabic Grammar
Possessive Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
No. Gender
he does
òà è
Á
ÿ
sr.
they do.
ÊÀ à è
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
they do
ÈÀ ôà è
ö ÿ
ö ÿ
pl.
she does.
òà è«
¢ ÿ
ÿ
sr.
they do.
ÊÀ à è «
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. fg.
they do.
ú ô à è
ú ÿ
ú ÿ
pl.
you do
ò à è «
Ƚ
ª ûȦ
sr.
you do
ÀÊ à è «
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. mg.
you do
ÀÈ ôà è «
ö ï
ö ¬ ûȦ
pl
you do
[ ô à è «
ʽ
ª ûȦ
sr.
you do
ÀÊ à è «
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. fg.
you do
ú ô à è «
úï
ú¬ ûȦ
pl.
I do
òà çȦ
Ä
¢ ûȦ
We do
òà èû
¢ û
ú ¸ û
mg: Masculine gender; sr.: Singular; dl.: Dual;
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl., mg., person pl. fg.
fg: Feminine gender pl: Plural (n)
34
35
Arabic Grammar
IMPORTANT NOTE: ¸°¢Ô÷ actually is the Imperfect Tense and refers to an action which is incomplete at the time to which reference is being made. It refers to the present tense in general. It becomes Future tense by addition of the prefix Ȳ or the particle È» Ç before the
¸°¢Ô÷
forms.
****************** Vocabulary & Exercises for Lesson No. 10b ****************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
mg. dl. they two drink
ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì
ú ô à ´ «
fg. pl. you make
mg. he collects
Þ ø ´
mg. dl. you two drink
ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì «
I know
ö ô ßȦ
fg. dl. they two drink
ÊÀ¢ ¥ Â Ì «
I open
¶ ¬ çȦ
mg. dl. you two make
ÊÀ¢ ô à ´ «
fg. sr. you collect
Þ ø ´ «
fg. dl. they two make
ÊÀ¢ ô à ´ «
mg. pl. they thank
ÈÀÂ Â ð Ì
¾ ¦ à û
pl. we worship
ÈÀÂ Â è ð
mg. pl. they recite
ÈÀ ô ¬
I worship
¾ ¦ ßȦ
mg. pl. you recite
ÈÀ ô ¬«
mg. you know
ö ô à «
mg. they don't know
we don't hear
Þ ø È û ¢ ó
mg. pl. they disbelieve
I don't disbelieve
ÈÀ ø ô à ¢ ó  è ïȦ ¢ ó
ÈÀ û Ä ¸ ö ÿ ¢ óÈÂ
And they will not grieve. They hear the words of Allah.
Ê ¦ È¿¢ ô ï ÈÀ à ø È
I do not worhsip what you worship.
ÈÀ ¾ ¦ à « ¢ ÷ ¾ ¦ ßȦ ¢ ó È ¦ ¢Móʦ ¾ ¦ à û ¢ ó
We do not worship except Allah. They believe in Allah and His messenger.
þ ó ÇÈ° ÈÂ Ê ¢ ¥ ÈÀ ü ÷ ¦
35
36
Arabic Grammar
Active and Passive Voice: As you have seen earlier, in case of present tense,
ò à ç
is made passive by writing
òà è
ò à ç
for verbs in past tense. However,
is made passive by writing it as
òà è
, i.e., first letter will have
dhammah / pesh ( É- ) and the third letter will have fathah ( È- ). The remaining letters will have the same A'araab as in the case of active voice. Concentrate on the following examples: he drinks they (all, mg) help you (mg) ask
ɧ  Ì
he is made / given to drinkɧ  Ì
ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü
they (all, mg) are helped ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü
ɾ È «
you (mg) are asked
ɾ È «
************************* Vocabulary & Exercises **************************** Try to translate the Arabic words given below. The translation is provided for you to check yourself.
they understand they (women) are asked they do not fear (it) is opened.
ÈÀ ì è ú ô È ÈÀ ç¢ ¼ ¢ ó ¶ ¬ è
they cut they will not asked they they are killed
ÈÀ à Ø ì ÈÀ ó È « ¢ ó ÈÀ ô ´ ÈÀ ô¬ ì
ÈÀ à Ø ì ¢ ó
you understand
ö è «
you are provided.
ÈÀ ëȱ  «
you are helped
ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü «
you are provided.
ÈÀ ëȱ  «
you are helped
ÈÀÂ Â Ð ü «
they do not cut
36
37
Arabic Grammar
10c. Imperative and Negative Imperative û   ÷¢È You can order only to the person in front of you (2nd person). Therefore, the imperative and negative forms for only the 2nd person are provided below.
û
Negative Imperative
Imperative
Â÷Ȧ
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
No. Gen- Perder son
Don't do (it).
ò à è « ¢ ó
Do (it).
ò à ç ¦Ê È½ ª ûȦ
sr.
Don't do (it).
¢ ôà è « ¢ ó
(you two) Do (it).
à ç ¦Ê ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. mg.
Don't do (it).
¦ ôà è « ¢ ó
(you all) Do (it).
¦ ôà ç ¦Ê ö ï ö ¬ ûȦ
pl
Don't do (it).
ôà è « ¢ ó
Do (it).
ôà ç ¦Ê Ê½ ª ûȦ
sr.
Don't do (it).
¢ ôà è « ¢ ó
(you two) Do (it).
à ç ¦Ê ¢ ø ï ¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. fg.
Don't do (it).
ú ô à è « ¢ ó
(you all) Do (it).
ú ô à ç ¦Ê úï ú¬ ûȦ
pl.
2nd person
************************ Vocabulary for Lesson No. 10a ************************
ò ø ß
asked
ò Ç
ö ô ß
drank
ȧ  Ë
Ƭ  Ë
rode
¤ ïÈ°
(he) separated, divided
ȼ  ç
went
¤ ÿȯ
came near
ȧ  ë
to act, work to know to open, expand
37
38
Arabic Grammar
======================= Exercises for Lesson No. 10c =======================
im. mg. sr. (you) Go
¤ ÿ̯ʦ
im. mg. pl. Know.
¦ ø ô ßʦ
ni. mg./fg. dl. (You two) Do not go near (it). ni. fg. sr. Do not fear (it).
¢ ¥ Â ì « ¢ ó
ni. mg. sr. Do not do (it). ni. mg. sr. Do not go. ni. mg. sr. Do not make. ni. mg. pl. Do not say. (you two) don't come near don't ask me
ò à è « ¢ ó
im. mg. sr. Open. im. mg. sr. (you) Say
ç¢ ¼ « ¢ ó ̬  Ëʦ ò ë
open up for me
ó ̬  Ëʦ
(you all) drink
¦ ¥  Ëʦ
(you all) ride im. mg. sr. (you all) Say im. mg. sr. Be.
¦ ¦ ḭ̈ʦ ¦ ó ë ú ï
and (you all) listen ni. mg. pl. Do not be divided. ni. mg. pl. Do not be.
¤ ÿ À « ¢ ó ò à ´ « ¢ ó ¦ ó ì« ¢ ó ¢ ¥ Â ì « ¢ ó ü ó È « ¢ ó ¦ à ø ǦÈ ¦ ë Âè « ¢ ó ¦ û ð« ¢ ó
IMPORTANT NOTE All the verb forms of òº à ç that were taught in the previous lessons along with personal and possessive pronouns are given in the table on the next page. Try to reproduce this table a couple of times for different verbs such as: ò¬ ë ¤ÿ ¯È ¶¬ ç È§Â Ë È§Â Ó êè û Âè ï öô ß òø ß
¤ô × ò» ®È ¤¬ ï òà ³ .
38
39
Arabic Grammar
à ç Conjugation table for the verb ò û
Â÷Ȧ
¸°¢Ô ÷
Ó¢ ÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
òà è
ò à ç
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ à è
à ç
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀ ôà è
¦ ôà ç
ö ÿ
ö ÿ
pl.
ò à è «
ª ô à ç
¢ ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ à è «
¢ ¬ ô à ç
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è
ú ô à ç
ú ÿ
ú ÿ
pl.
No. Gender
ò à è« ¢ ó
ò à ç ¦Ê
ò à è «
ª ô à ç
Ƚ
ª ûȦ
sr.
¢ ôà è « ¢ ó
à ç ¦Ê
ÀÊ à è «
¢ ø ¬ ô à ç
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦ ôà è « ¢ ó ¦ ôà ç ¦Ê ÀÈ ôà è «
ö ¬ ô à ç
ö ï
ö ¬ ûȦ
pl
ôà è « ¢ ó ôà ç ¦Ê
[ ô à è «
ª ô à ç
ʽ
ª ûȦ
sr.
à ç ¦Ê
ÀÊ à è «
¢ ø ¬ ô à ç
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è « ¢ ó ú ô à ç ¦Ê
ú ô à è «
ú¬ ô à ç
úï
ú¬ ûȦ
pl.
òà çȦ
ª ô à ç
Ä
¢ ûȦ
òà èû
¢ ü ô à ç
¢ û
ú ¸ û
¢ ôà è « ¢ ó
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
39
40
Arabic Grammar
Conjugation table for the verb û
¸°¢Ô ÷
Ó¢ ÷
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
ÉÀ ð
ÈÀ¢ ï
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ ¢û ð
¢û¢ ï
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀ û ð
¦ û¢ ï
ö ÿ
ö ÿ
pl.
ÉÀ ð«
ª û¢ ï
¢ ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ ¢û ð«
¢ ¬û¢ ï
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. fg.
ú ð
ú ï
ú ÿ
ú ÿ
pl.
ú ï
ÀÉ ð«
ª ü ï
Ƚ
ª ûȦ
sr.
¢ û ð« ¢ ó ¢ û ï
ÀÊ ¢ û ð«
¢ ø¬ ü ï
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. mg.
¦ û ð« ¢ ó ¦ û ï ÀÈ û ð«
ö ¬ ü ï
ö ï
ö ¬ ûȦ
pl
û ð« ¢ ó û ï [ û ð«
ª ü ï
ʽ
ª ûȦ
sr.
¢ û ð « ¢ ó ¢ û ï
ÀÊ ¢ û ð«
¢ ø¬ ü ï
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ð «
ú ¬ ü ï
úï
ú¬ ûȦ
pl.
ÉÀ ïȦ
ª ü ï
Ä
¢ ûȦ
ÉÀ ðû
¢ ü ï
¢ û
ú ¸ û
ú ð « ¢ ó
ú ð « ¢ ó
The verb forms of
Â÷Ȧ
ÀÈ ¢ ï
ú ï
ÀÈ ¢ ï are extensively used in the Qur'an.
No. Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.
40
41
Arabic Grammar
Ăˆ ¢ŠÍ Conjugation table for the verb ž Ăť
Ă‚ĂˇĂˆÂŚ
¸°¢Ô á
Ó¢ á
Poss. Prns.
Pers. Prns.
ɞ ÂŒĂŹ
ĂˆÂžÂ˘ÂŠĂŤ
Â?
Ă
Ăż
sr.
ÊÀŠ ÂŒĂŹ
Š ¢ŠÍ
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
ĂˆĂ€ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŹ
ÂŚ ÂŒĂłÂ˘ÂŠĂŤ
Ăś Ăż
Ăś Ăż
pl.
ɞ ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
ªŠó¢ŠÍ
¢ ÿ
Ăż
sr.
ÊÀŠ ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
¢ Šó¢ŠÍ
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. fg.
Ăş Â’Ă´ÂŒĂŹ
Ăş Â’Ă´ÂŒĂŤ
Ăş Ăż
Ăş Ăż
pl.
No. Gender
ò’ ĂŹÂŒ ÂŤ Š
ò’ ĂŤÂŒ
žÉ ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
ÂŞ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
ĂˆÂ˝
ÂŞ ĂťĂˆÂŚ
sr.
¢Šó ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š
¢Šó ÂŒĂŤ
ÀÊ Š ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
¢ ø Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
¢ Ă¸ÂŒĂŻ
¢ ø ÂŹ ĂťĂˆÂŚ
dl. mg.
ÂŚ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š ÂŚ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŤ
Ă€Ăˆ ÂŒĂł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
Ăś ÂŹ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
ĂśÂŒĂŻ
Ăś ÂŹ ĂťĂˆÂŚ
pl
Ăł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š Ăł ÂŒĂŤ
[ Ăł ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
ÂŞ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
ʽ
ÂŞ ĂťĂˆÂŚ
sr.
¢Šó ÂŒĂŹÂŤ Š
¢Šó ÂŒĂŤ
ÀÊ Š ÂŒĂŹÂŤ
¢ ø Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
¢ Ă¸ÂŒĂŻ
¢ ø ÂŹ ĂťĂˆÂŚ
dl. fg.
Ăş Ă´Â’ ĂŹÂŒ ÂŤ Š
Ăş Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
Ăş Ă´Â’ ĂŹÂŒ ÂŤ
Ăş ÂŹ Ă´Â’ ĂŤÂŒ
ĂşĂŻÂŒ
ú ĂťĂˆÂŚ
pl.
ɞ ÂŒĂŤĂˆÂŚ
ÂŞÂ’Ă´ÂŒĂŤ
Ă„
¢ ĂťĂˆÂŚ
ɞ ÂŒĂŹĂť
¢ ĂźÂ’Ă´ÂŒĂŤ
¢ Ý
ú ¸ Ý
Different forms of
ÂžĂˆÂşÂŠ ¢ ĂŤ are frequently used in the Qur'an.
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
Try to reproduce this table a couple of
times to get a very good familiarity of all the forms shown above.
41
42
Arabic Grammar
Š à çŠ 10d. Derived Forms of theVerb ò Verbal Noun
° ž � á
Passive participle
Active participle
ž à ’è ø’óŒ Ăś Çʌ ò Ă&#x;¢Šè’óŒ Ăś Çʌ
Present (& future) Tense
Past Tense
ĂŒÂ¸ĂŠÂ°Â˘ Ă” á
Ó¢ á
S. No.
ÂˆĂ˛ à ç
ž à ’è á
ò Ă&#x;¢Šç
ÂŒĂ˛Ă Â’Ă¨
Šò à Šç
1
ÂˆĂ˛ à ’è ÂŤ
ò à Šè á
ò à Šè á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă Ă¨ÂŠ
Šò à Šç
2
ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂ´ Ă&#x;¢Šè á
ò Ă&#x;¢Šè á
ò Ă&#x;¢Šè á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă&#x; ¢Šè
Šò Ă&#x;¢Šç
3
ƞ¢ à ’çʌ
ò à ’è á
ò à ’è á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă Â’Ă¨
Šò Ă Â’Ă§ĂˆÂŚ
4
ÂˆĂ˛Ă ÂŠĂ¨ ÂŤ
ò à Šè  á
ò à Šè  á
ÂŒĂ˛ à èŠ ÂŹ
Šò à Šè 
5
ÂˆÂ¨ÂŠĂ´ Ă&#x;¢Šè ÂŹ á
ò Ă&#x;¢Šè ÂŹ á
ò Ă&#x;¢Šè ÂŹ á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă&#x; ¢Šè ÂŹ
Šò Ă&#x;¢Šè ÂŤ 6
ƞ¢ à è Ýʌ
ò à Šè ß á
ò à Šèß á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă Ă¨ÂŠ Ăź
Šò à Šè Ýʌ 7
ƞ¢ à ’çʌ
ò à ’è á
ò à ’è á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă ÂŹ ’è
Šò à ’çʌ 8
ƞŠ à ’çʌ
òŠô à ’è á
ò ô à ’è á
òN à ’è
Mò à ’çʌ
ƞ¢ à ’è  Çʌ
ò à ’è ÂŹ Ăˆ á
ò à ’è ÂŹ Ăˆ á
ÂŒĂ˛Ă Â’Ă¨ÂŹ Ăˆ
9
Šò à ’è  Çʌ 1 0
Note: It is suggested that you practice on this table after memorizing the meanings of around a Juz' (parah). Try to repeat this table for a couple of verbs. You will have a much wider understanding of different verbs and their meanings which occur in the Qur'an. After this practice, you will be able to remember and connect the derived forms with their root word easily. For each of the verb, you can repeat the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb
Šòº à Šç
" and feel for yourself the power of Arabic language. The following page gives an example
of how the table given under the title "Conjugation table for the verb
Šò à Šç"
can be reproduced for
the derived form number 3, Šò à ’ç¢ ,. You can reproduce the following for each of the derivatives.
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Arabic Grammar
An Example: Conjugation table for the verb ò à çÈ¢ ¸°¢Ô ÷
Ó¢ ÷
òà è
ò à çÈ¢
Á
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ à è
à çÈ¢
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. mg.
ÈÀ ôà è
¦ ôà çÈ¢
ö ÿ
ö ÿ
pl.
òà è «
ª ô à çÈ¢
¢ ÿ
ÿ
sr.
ÊÀ à è «
¢ ¬ ô à çÈ¢
¢ ø ÿ
¢ ø ÿ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è
ú ô à çÈ¢
ú ÿ
ú ÿ
pl.
ò à è «
ª ô à çÈ¢
Ƚ
ª ûȦ
sr.
ÀÊ à è «
¢ ø ¬ ô à çÈ¢
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. mg.
ÀÈ ôà è «
ö ¬ ô à çÈ¢
ö ï
ö ¬ ûȦ
pl
[ ô à è «
ª ô à çÈ¢
ʽ
ª ûȦ
sr.
ÀÊ à è «
¢ ø ¬ ô à çÈ¢
¢ ø ï
¢ ø ¬ ûȦ
dl. fg.
ú ô à è «
ú ¬ ô à çÈ¢
úï
ú¬ ûȦ
pl.
òà çɦ
ª ô à çÈ¢
Ä
¢ ûȦ
òà è û
¢ ü ôà çÈ¢
¢ û
ú ¸ û
Poss.
Prns.
Pers.
Prns.
No.
Gender
Person
3rd person
2nd person
sr. mg. 1st fg. dl. mg. person pl. fg.
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Arabic Grammar
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Arabic Grammar
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