Understanding the City Studio (Master's in Urban Design) - Study of a 1sq.km area precinct in Pune.

Understanding the City | P o r t f o l i o A precinct in Pune

Ismat Patel CEPT University

Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody (Jacob J, 1961). Having people centric cities makes cities the most complex form of settlement. With the sprawling nature of Indian cities suburban development is unavoidable. How often do these cities cater to the needs of the people, is something to anticipate. The Precinct is located in the city of Pune on the suburban edge. It has developed in to a prominant locality as a residential hub. The suburbs are often associated with comfortable lifestyle.

However, the situation in the suburbs of indian cities with rapid urbanisation is more often a paradox. The study focuses on the 'life in the suburbs'.

What it is like to live on the edge of the cities for every sector of the society?

All images are from the author unless otherwise mentioned.

Table of Contents:

Preface|

8

Juxtaposition of the Suburban Charachter Agricultural & Forest land to Residential Hub

10

Growing Residential Hub Built form Charachter Housing in the suburb

12 14 16

Alternate side of Rapid urbanisation

18

Incomparison with different precincts Activity Mapping

20 22

People - Job Choices - Transport Income - Expenditure Job Choices Mobility Connectivity -Accessibilty - Walkabilty Infrastructure Bibliography Conclusion

23 24 28 29 34 38 42 43

Transformation of the Precinct

Overview Evolution of Pune initiated from the core of the city which eventually spread out from the nucleus of a traditional indian city to an urban megalopolis. Expansion of the city led to an unprecedented increase in migration, work generation, infrastructure and urbanization.

Hinjewadi -IT Hub

Pune Airport

Baner-Aundh Pune University

Core city

20 10

20 15

Magarpatta City

Precinct

Kondhwa, Pune Location of the precinct in Pune

Change in land use Commercial and mid-size industries

Residential Infrastructure Commercial Development Schools Widening of the arterial road

Shaniwaar Wada

10 KM

20 05

The precinct is located in the Kondhwa area of Pune which is 8 km away from the city centre. The inclusion of the precinct in the PMC boundary boosted its transformation from a fringe village area to a prominent residential hub in Pune.

Residential Development Proximity to IT Companies Mixed use Infrastructure

20 20

Flyover above the arterial road Prominent residential zone Public Amenities 5 Life in the suburbs

Urban Fabric

Urban – Semi Urban Counterbalance

The urban fabric gets sparse as you move away from the arterial road

Diversity in roads in the precinct

Diversity in Built forms in the precinct 7 Life in the suburbs

Kondhwa - 10 km away from city centre

D

E

Sahakarnagar - 3.5 km away from city centre

N

Peth Areas - 0 km away from city centre

S I TY

As the distance from the city centre decreases the density also increases

Source: Indraja Kokate

Mid density High rise Hybrid sparse grain

Mid density Mid rise loose grid Fine grain

Source: Indian Express

High density low rise Grid Fine grain

As you move towards the precinct the diversity in the built fabric changes. Traditional setting is seen in the old city while modern and planned developments as you move away from the centre. Planned city's interface with organic growth is a distinctive feature broadly observed.

The Precinct has evolved more as a planned area majorly dominated by a residential footprint with a heterogeneous character. There is a hierarchy of building typologies from planned housing societies, commercial buildings, mid size industrial buildings, hospitals and informal settlements. This diversity within the 1 sq.km area itself is an averment for a multifaceted character of the locale.

Suburban charachter : from greens to greys

Juxtaposition of the Suburban Charachter

9 Life in the suburbs

Agricultural & Forest land to Residential Hub Evolution of the precicnt

Amenities within reach 2020

Kondhwa Fringe

1997

2002

PMC Expanded its boundaries

2020

The evolution of built form in the precinct has happened in stages starting from the inclusion of the kondhwa area where the precinct is located in the Pune municipal boundary in the year 1997. Prior to that the area was a village and Primary land use was agriculture or forest based. After 1997 the land use was converted from agricultural land to residential and other land uses.

Mind Map of the Precint

11 Life in the suburbs

Growing Residential Hub

Institutional and Public utility-

3%

Institutional Two schools One hospital Government office Public Utility Crematorium Fire Station Industrial Land use Mid size industries Dairy farm

The land use and built form in the precinct is residential in nature. The commercial, institutional and public utility is dispersed in the 1 sq km radius. As the industries are located amidst the residential buildings they are mid size in nature and help in generating employment to nearby slums.

3%

Dispersed Commercial use Commercial Buildings Shopping complex Small office spaces Hotels

4%

Predominantly Residential Land use -

61% 13 Life in the suburbs

Built form Charachter

Dense Wavering skyline

Diversity in the charachter of built form

Near the Arterial Road Compact Low rise Arterial Road

Near the Market Area DU - 2177

Dense Low Set backs

Homogeneity in height Tall buildings mostly towards the edges New constructions have high rise Predominant Residential use of Apartments Style dwelling unit

The Edge of the Precinct

Market Area

Edge Condition 15 Life in the suburbs

Housing in the suburb:

Mapping the dwelling units : 6896

‘FSI Induced Sprawl’ 1991 - 2011 146sq.m - 243.83 sq.m

5804

Apartments

688

Chawls

Detached

294

Row house108 FSI in the core city (2001) Average FSI - 0.5 Highest FSI - 1

FSI in the suburbs Average FSI - 1.2 Highest FSI - 5

Built Form Matrix

Non -Residential Ground Coverage 78% FSI 2.3

Non -Residential Ground Coverage 59% FSI 1.7

Residential- Apartment Ground Coverage 54% FSI 5

Residential - Detached Ground Coverage 61% FSI 1.2

Predominant Housing choices

9m

32m

35m

84m 21m

26m

15m

28m

Chawls

Detached Bungalows

Apartments 17 Life in the suburbs

Alternate side of Rapid urbanisation : Slums in the Precinct

Life in the slums of Pune

Total Dwelling unit in chawls 688 The average housing unit is

10-15 sq.m

Housing based on choice or circumstances?

CARPET AREA (M²)

600 500 400 300 200 100 0

0

2

4 6 8 PRICE PER M² CARPET AREA (₹ LAKHS)

Detached

Apartment

Semi-Detached

Row House

Chawl

10 Others

There is striking versatility in terms of settlements and land use. On one end gated communities are themed by neighbourhood planning while on the other hand there are chawls and slums unorganised but ironically depict strong character of communities. These elements of community or neighbourhood are strong resemblance yet the distinction is astonishing as it is coupled by the type of infrastructure which is conditional to the economic background of the population settled within.

The housing societies have amenities within them while there is not much for the informal settlements.

Quality of Life ?

PMC Survey -2005

Images highlighting the living conditions from the slums in the precinct

19 Life in the suburbs

Incomparison with different precincts: Within city

PUNE Precinct

10 kms away from CBD

PUNE

Hyderabad

7.5 kms away from CBD

Unbuilt

built

Unbuilt

built

79 %

21 %

71 %

29 %

Other Million plus cities

9 kms away from CBD

Figure Ground

Unbuilt

built

71 %

29 %

Kolkatta

12 kms away from CBD

Unbuilt

built

27 %

73%

9,32,174

11,02,111

Total Floor Space

6,95,264

7,27,610

2,43,273

1,79,869

Non -Residential TFS

1,15,726

21,151

68.9

85.7

49.3

65.2

289.6

404.9

231.9

287.1

1.1

1.2

1.3

1.0

Mid Rise High Density

Mid Rise High Density

Unit/Ha Population / Ha Net FSI

Mid Rise High Density

Mid Rise High Density

21 Life in the suburbs

Activity Mapping

People - Job Choices - Transport OUT FLOW Jobs Average distance travelled for work -

Price Range Sq.m

3km -18 km Leisure/Commercial

1km-20km 54,540

-

1,07,600

School

Middle income Families

Lower Income Families

1km - 8km Hospital

1km -5km

Bachelors Working professionals

Higher income

Working Couples Migrated

Families Families

Retired / Old Couples

Residents In the Precinct IN FLOW Residential Mix typology (Within 1 sq.km) School Hospital Commercial

Precinct has grown to be a residential hub, people prefer to travel approximately 3 - 20 kms away from the precinct for work.

The heterogenous nature of dwelling units provides housing to all economic backgrounds.

Students Slum Dwellers

23 Life in the suburbs

Income - Expenditure Expenditure chart based on different Income Groups Health & Transport Other Education

Food

Housing

Below 10,000

17%

35%

18%

5%

25%

10,00125,000

12%

15%

54%

4%

15%

25,00150,000

15%

11%

58%

8%

8%

50,001-1 Lakhs

14%

13%

40%

10%

23%

1-2 Lakhs

7%

6%

66%

8%

13%

Above 2 Lakhs

11%

5%

32%

12%

40%

As per the household survey, lower income group spend most of thier income on housing in the form of rents, while higher income groups spend mostly on liesure and extra activities. Middle Income groups had most of the income spent on health and education.

“We live in a strange world where the poor walk miles to get food ,while the rich walk miles to to digest food” - M.Menk

-Household Survey

25 Life in the suburbs

Job Choices Working population in the Ward based on Gender :

Industrail Classification of Workers :

Non Residential & Activity Map within the Precinct:

60% 50%

Male Female

40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Ward

District City Urban Ward (No.121 (Urban) (M.corp) NIBM) Total Total Total

Main workers

Main workers 20,74,451 11,29,388

Marginal workers

12,809

workers 73765 1,45,955 1,45,955Marginal 73,765

73,765

73765

Total workers

Total workers 22,20,406 12,03,153

22,20,406 86,574

12,03,153

86,574

Cultivators Agricultural Labourers Household Industries

28,058 Cultivators 7,371 Agricultural 21,316 Labourers 6,547 Household 64,249 Industries 39,372

60 28,058

7,371

60

45 21,316

6,547

45Commercial

16964,249

39,372

21,06,783 11,49,863 Other workers

13,004 21,06,783

11,49,863

169precinct has a non residential floor space of The more than 9 lakh sq.m that gives employement opportunities for people within or near the 13,004 precinct. The industries and dairy farm have generated employement for the slum dwellers.

There is some level of informal vending that happens along the main arterial road.

WPR (city, Male)

21%

13,278

38%

WPR (city, Female) Other workers WPR (ward)

Source : Census of India, PCA 2011

20,74,451 12,809

City Urban Ward (No.121 (M.corp) NIBM) Total Total 11,29,388

55% Total workers (ward)

District (Urban) Total

Vendors, mobile

Vendors, stationary Industrial

Institutional

Census of India, PCA 2011

27 Life in the suburbs

Job Centres in the City

Mobility Trip length vs Mode share

30

Job Centres in the city w.r.t to the precicnt

43

No of trips

25 20

KHARADI VIMAN NAGAR KOREGAON PARK CORE CITY AREA DECCAN / SHIVAJI NAGAR

HADAPSAR MAGARPATTA

CAMP

WAKAD

KONDHWA KATRAJ

Lack of affordable housing in close proximity to work centres increases commute distance specially for the MIG. Average Commute Distance

2km - 18km

27

15

%

NMT Share

10 5 0

0-1

1-5

On Foot Bicycle Bus

5-10 10-20 Distance in KM

20-30

above 30

18

%

PT Share

Moped/ Scooter/ Motor Cycle Car/ Jeep/ Van Autorickshaw/ Taxi/ Tempo

Train Any other No Travel

Household wise vehicle ownership

100% No. of Households

BANER AUNDH BALEWADI

%

Private

Census of India, PCA 2011

80% 60% 40% 20% 0%

Below 10,000

No vehicles 4 wheeler

10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 25,000 50,000 1,00,000 Monthly Income Bicycle 3 wheeler

1- 2 Lakhs

Above 2 Lakhs

2 wheeler Other vehicles

Two wheelers show highest trip length and vehicle ownership.

WThe household survey highlights that people with below 10,000 income group have no vehicle ownership and msotly travel by foot or any other travel.

Public transport is not extensively used in the precinct.

Household survey

29 Life in the suburbs

Public transport in the precinct

Public transport overview in the city

Public Transport map from the precinct to major destinations in the city

Number of vehicles in Pune overtakes human population

3.1 million 3.62 million RTO, 2018

59% additional time travel due to congestion, 8 days and an hour stuck in traffic while driving during peak hours

PT takes, on average

PT costs, on average

times longer than private mode

times that of private mode

2.0

0.5

Time is the biggest factor that dominates the choice of mode of transport

No alternate mode of public transport BRTS failure

Traffic Index Report

31 Life in the suburbs

Two sides for Transport in City life

Trophy Cars on Bumpy roads

Otherside of transport in city life

The New York Times

Connectivity -Accessibilty - Walkabilty Precinct Pune

Connectivity

Accessibilty

Walkablity Avg. Block perimeter

816m

0.7 Connected node ratio

1.39

1.48 Link node ratio

28%

Highest Block perimeter

2762m

Larger Block sizes makes the precinct not very accessible and walkable

Comparing Sarojini Nagar ,New Delhi

Connected node ratio

142m

Link node ratio

Average Network Connectivity

0.3

Lowest Block perimeter

Lower availabiltyof footpath makes the precinct not pedestrian friendly.

Avg. Block perimeter

517m

Lowest Block perimeter

79%

137m Highest Block perimeter

1172m High Network Connectivity

Small Block sizes makes the area accessible and walkable

High availabiltyof footpath.

On comparison with a planned street network it is established that the streets in the precinct have average connectivity and accessibility. Most of the streets don't have a footpath while the existing footpaths are in poor condition and unkept. In drawing things to a close the streets of this area show the dual side of rapid urbanization.

35 Life in the suburbs

Two sides of the same street

Infrastructure Mapping the collection spots

Sanitation

Less than 50 kg

50-100kg

150-200kg

200-500kg

Min

Max

4.2kg 277 kg

14.4

100-150kg Above 500kg

•

Gate Collection from Households by ghantagadi directly – 12%

•

Community bin collection by Dumper Placers -40 %

•

Chronic spots – 5%

Ton

Total SW Generated in the Precinct

Community dumper places situation

Solid waste management in the precinct is well managed.

With door - door collection from SWACH community.

It is managed by the Pune Municipal Corporation. on a community level there are initiatives of vermi composting and waste segregation but, The dumper placers are not well managed.

39 Life in the suburbs

Infrastructure Water Supply in the precinct :

Water Supply Demand across precincts With high ground water dependency : Pune

3.3 3

3.9%

Demand in the precinct :

2

25%

Ground water Dependency

1

0.4

0.17 0

Apartment

0.06

Detached

Rowhouse

3

Rajkot

2

1.1% 50%

Ground water Dependency

0.4

3.9

MLD

0

3

0.05

0.07

Apartment

Detached

Rowhouse

0.2

0.2

Chawl

Semi detached

Hyderabad

3

4.8%

Total Demand in Precinct

Demand in the precinct :

2 1.2 1

30%

Ground water Dependency

0.1 0

Chawl

Demand in the precinct :

1

Water Demand in the precinct :

On Ground Situation

Apartment

Detached

Rowhouse

0.3

0.2

Chawl

Semi detached

Water shortage due to timed water supply and frequent water cuts.

Housing societies depend on borewells or Water Tankers.

41 Life in the suburbs

Bibliography

Conclusion

References: Bharath, H., Chandan, M., Vinay, S., & Ramachandra, T. (2018). Modelling urban dynamics in rapidly urbanising Indian cities. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(3), 201-210.

Gupta,S.,& Diddee,J. (2000). Pune: Queen of the Deccan.

Elephant Design , 2000 Revised draft of an act for urban development and redevelopment. (n.d.). City and Regional Planning Papers.

The locale has transformed into a residential hub owing to the topography ,built fabric, and its location away from the city centre’s clutter. This transformation in the case of the precinct has been so rampant and brisk only in the matter of 20 years. The key factors on drawing things to a close would be the multifaceted nature of urban sprawl in the precinct.

Life in the suburbs is comfortable for people with choices. The precicnt depicts the reality of developing urban scenarios with rapid urbanisation.

43 Life in the suburbs