Understanding the City | P o r t f o l i o A precinct in Pune
Ismat Patel CEPT University
Cities have the capability of providing something for everybody, only because, and only when, they are created by everybody (Jacob J, 1961). Having people centric cities makes cities the most complex form of settlement. With the sprawling nature of Indian cities suburban development is unavoidable. How often do these cities cater to the needs of the people, is something to anticipate. The Precinct is located in the city of Pune on the suburban edge. It has developed in to a prominant locality as a residential hub. The suburbs are often associated with comfortable lifestyle. However, the situation in the suburbs of indian cities with rapid urbanisation is more often a paradox. The study focuses on the 'life in the suburbs'. What it is like to live on the edge of the cities for every sector of the society?
All images are from the author unless otherwise mentioned.
Table of Contents:
Preface|
8
Juxtaposition of the Suburban Charachter Agricultural & Forest land to Residential Hub
10
Growing Residential Hub Built form Charachter Housing in the suburb
12 14 16
Alternate side of Rapid urbanisation
18
Incomparison with different precincts Activity Mapping
20 22
People - Job Choices - Transport Income - Expenditure Job Choices Mobility Connectivity -Accessibilty - Walkabilty Infrastructure Bibliography Conclusion
23 24 28 29 34 38 42 43
Transformation of the Precinct
Overview Evolution of Pune initiated from the core of the city which eventually spread out from the nucleus of a traditional indian city to an urban megalopolis. Expansion of the city led to an unprecedented increase in migration, work generation, infrastructure and urbanization. Hinjewadi -IT Hub
Pune Airport
Baner-Aundh Pune University
Core city
20 10
20 15
Magarpatta City
Precinct
Kondhwa, Pune Location of the precinct in Pune
Change in land use Commercial and mid-size industries
Residential Infrastructure Commercial Development Schools Widening of the arterial road
Shaniwaar Wada
10 KM
20 05
The precinct is located in the Kondhwa area of Pune which is 8 km away from the city centre. The inclusion of the precinct in the PMC boundary boosted its transformation from a fringe village area to a prominent residential hub in Pune.
Residential Development Proximity to IT Companies Mixed use Infrastructure
20 20
Flyover above the arterial road Prominent residential zone Public Amenities 5 Life in the suburbs
Urban Fabric
Urban – Semi Urban Counterbalance
The urban fabric gets sparse as you move away from the arterial road
Diversity in roads in the precinct
Diversity in Built forms in the precinct 7 Life in the suburbs
Kondhwa - 10 km away from city centre
D
E
Sahakarnagar - 3.5 km away from city centre
N
Peth Areas - 0 km away from city centre
S I TY
As the distance from the city centre decreases the density also increases
Source: Indraja Kokate
Mid density High rise Hybrid sparse grain
Mid density Mid rise loose grid Fine grain
Source: Indian Express
High density low rise Grid Fine grain
As you move towards the precinct the diversity in the built fabric changes. Traditional setting is seen in the old city while modern and planned developments as you move away from the centre. Planned city's interface with organic growth is a distinctive feature broadly observed. The Precinct has evolved more as a planned area majorly dominated by a residential footprint with a heterogeneous character. There is a hierarchy of building typologies from planned housing societies, commercial buildings, mid size industrial buildings, hospitals and informal settlements. This diversity within the 1 sq.km area itself is an averment for a multifaceted character of the locale.
Suburban charachter : from greens to greys
Juxtaposition of the Suburban Charachter
9 Life in the suburbs
Agricultural & Forest land to Residential Hub Evolution of the precicnt
Amenities within reach 2020
Kondhwa Fringe
1997
2002
PMC Expanded its boundaries
2020
The evolution of built form in the precinct has happened in stages starting from the inclusion of the kondhwa area where the precinct is located in the Pune municipal boundary in the year 1997. Prior to that the area was a village and Primary land use was agriculture or forest based. After 1997 the land use was converted from agricultural land to residential and other land uses.
Mind Map of the Precint
11 Life in the suburbs
Growing Residential Hub
Institutional and Public utility-
3%
Institutional Two schools One hospital Government office Public Utility Crematorium Fire Station Industrial Land use Mid size industries Dairy farm
The land use and built form in the precinct is residential in nature. The commercial, institutional and public utility is dispersed in the 1 sq km radius. As the industries are located amidst the residential buildings they are mid size in nature and help in generating employment to nearby slums.
3%
Dispersed Commercial use Commercial Buildings Shopping complex Small office spaces Hotels
4%
Predominantly Residential Land use -
61% 13 Life in the suburbs
Built form Charachter
Dense Wavering skyline
Diversity in the charachter of built form
Near the Arterial Road Compact Low rise Arterial Road
Near the Market Area DU - 2177
Dense Low Set backs
Homogeneity in height Tall buildings mostly towards the edges New constructions have high rise Predominant Residential use of Apartments Style dwelling unit
The Edge of the Precinct
Market Area
Edge Condition 15 Life in the suburbs
Housing in the suburb:
Mapping the dwelling units : 6896
‘FSI Induced Sprawl’ 1991 - 2011 146sq.m - 243.83 sq.m
5804
Apartments
688
Chawls
Detached
294
Row house108 FSI in the core city (2001) Average FSI - 0.5 Highest FSI - 1
FSI in the suburbs Average FSI - 1.2 Highest FSI - 5
Built Form Matrix
Non -Residential Ground Coverage 78% FSI 2.3
Non -Residential Ground Coverage 59% FSI 1.7
Residential- Apartment Ground Coverage 54% FSI 5
Residential - Detached Ground Coverage 61% FSI 1.2
Predominant Housing choices
9m
32m
35m
84m 21m
26m
15m
28m
Chawls
Detached Bungalows
Apartments 17 Life in the suburbs
Alternate side of Rapid urbanisation : Slums in the Precinct
Life in the slums of Pune
Total Dwelling unit in chawls 688 The average housing unit is
10-15 sq.m
Housing based on choice or circumstances?
CARPET AREA (M²)
600 500 400 300 200 100 0
0
2
4 6 8 PRICE PER M² CARPET AREA (₹ LAKHS)
Detached
Apartment
Semi-Detached
Row House
Chawl
10 Others
There is striking versatility in terms of settlements and land use. On one end gated communities are themed by neighbourhood planning while on the other hand there are chawls and slums unorganised but ironically depict strong character of communities. These elements of community or neighbourhood are strong resemblance yet the distinction is astonishing as it is coupled by the type of infrastructure which is conditional to the economic background of the population settled within. The housing societies have amenities within them while there is not much for the informal settlements.
Quality of Life ?
PMC Survey -2005
Images highlighting the living conditions from the slums in the precinct
19 Life in the suburbs
Incomparison with different precincts: Within city
PUNE Precinct
10 kms away from CBD
PUNE
Hyderabad
7.5 kms away from CBD
Unbuilt
built
Unbuilt
built
79 %
21 %
71 %
29 %
Other Million plus cities
9 kms away from CBD
Figure Ground
Unbuilt
built
71 %
29 %
Kolkatta
12 kms away from CBD
Unbuilt
built
27 %
73%
9,32,174
11,02,111
Total Floor Space
6,95,264
7,27,610
2,43,273
1,79,869
Non -Residential TFS
1,15,726
21,151
68.9
85.7
49.3
65.2
289.6
404.9
231.9
287.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.0
Mid Rise High Density
Mid Rise High Density
Unit/Ha Population / Ha Net FSI
Mid Rise High Density
Mid Rise High Density
21 Life in the suburbs
Activity Mapping
People - Job Choices - Transport OUT FLOW Jobs Average distance travelled for work -
Price Range Sq.m
3km -18 km Leisure/Commercial
1km-20km 54,540
-
1,07,600
School
Middle income Families
Lower Income Families
1km - 8km Hospital
1km -5km
Bachelors Working professionals
Higher income
Working Couples Migrated
Families Families
Retired / Old Couples
Residents In the Precinct IN FLOW Residential Mix typology (Within 1 sq.km) School Hospital Commercial
Precinct has grown to be a residential hub, people prefer to travel approximately 3 - 20 kms away from the precinct for work. The heterogenous nature of dwelling units provides housing to all economic backgrounds.
Students Slum Dwellers
23 Life in the suburbs
Income - Expenditure Expenditure chart based on different Income Groups Health & Transport Other Education
Food
Housing
Below 10,000
17%
35%
18%
5%
25%
10,00125,000
12%
15%
54%
4%
15%
25,00150,000
15%
11%
58%
8%
8%
50,001-1 Lakhs
14%
13%
40%
10%
23%
1-2 Lakhs
7%
6%
66%
8%
13%
Above 2 Lakhs
11%
5%
32%
12%
40%
As per the household survey, lower income group spend most of thier income on housing in the form of rents, while higher income groups spend mostly on liesure and extra activities. Middle Income groups had most of the income spent on health and education.
“We live in a strange world where the poor walk miles to get food ,while the rich walk miles to to digest food” - M.Menk
-Household Survey
25 Life in the suburbs
Job Choices Working population in the Ward based on Gender :
Industrail Classification of Workers :
Non Residential & Activity Map within the Precinct:
60% 50%
Male Female
40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
Ward
District City Urban Ward (No.121 (Urban) (M.corp) NIBM) Total Total Total
Main workers
Main workers 20,74,451 11,29,388
Marginal workers
12,809
workers 73765 1,45,955 1,45,955Marginal 73,765
73,765
73765
Total workers
Total workers 22,20,406 12,03,153
22,20,406 86,574
12,03,153
86,574
Cultivators Agricultural Labourers Household Industries
28,058 Cultivators 7,371 Agricultural 21,316 Labourers 6,547 Household 64,249 Industries 39,372
60 28,058
7,371
60
45 21,316
6,547
45Commercial
16964,249
39,372
21,06,783 11,49,863 Other workers
13,004 21,06,783
11,49,863
169precinct has a non residential floor space of The more than 9 lakh sq.m that gives employement opportunities for people within or near the 13,004 precinct. The industries and dairy farm have generated employement for the slum dwellers. There is some level of informal vending that happens along the main arterial road.
WPR (city, Male)
21%
13,278
38%
WPR (city, Female) Other workers WPR (ward)
Source : Census of India, PCA 2011
20,74,451 12,809
City Urban Ward (No.121 (M.corp) NIBM) Total Total 11,29,388
55% Total workers (ward)
District (Urban) Total
Vendors, mobile
Vendors, stationary Industrial
Institutional
Census of India, PCA 2011
27 Life in the suburbs
Job Centres in the City
Mobility Trip length vs Mode share
30
Job Centres in the city w.r.t to the precicnt
43
No of trips
25 20
KHARADI VIMAN NAGAR KOREGAON PARK CORE CITY AREA DECCAN / SHIVAJI NAGAR
HADAPSAR MAGARPATTA
CAMP
WAKAD
KONDHWA KATRAJ
Lack of affordable housing in close proximity to work centres increases commute distance specially for the MIG. Average Commute Distance
2km - 18km
27
15
%
NMT Share
10 5 0
0-1
1-5
On Foot Bicycle Bus
5-10 10-20 Distance in KM
20-30
above 30
18
%
PT Share
Moped/ Scooter/ Motor Cycle Car/ Jeep/ Van Autorickshaw/ Taxi/ Tempo
Train Any other No Travel
Household wise vehicle ownership
100% No. of Households
BANER AUNDH BALEWADI
%
Private
Census of India, PCA 2011
80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
Below 10,000
No vehicles 4 wheeler
10,001 - 25,001 - 50,001 25,000 50,000 1,00,000 Monthly Income Bicycle 3 wheeler
1- 2 Lakhs
Above 2 Lakhs
2 wheeler Other vehicles
Two wheelers show highest trip length and vehicle ownership. WThe household survey highlights that people with below 10,000 income group have no vehicle ownership and msotly travel by foot or any other travel. Public transport is not extensively used in the precinct.
Household survey
29 Life in the suburbs
Public transport in the precinct
Public transport overview in the city
Public Transport map from the precinct to major destinations in the city
Number of vehicles in Pune overtakes human population
3.1 million 3.62 million RTO, 2018
59% additional time travel due to congestion, 8 days and an hour stuck in traffic while driving during peak hours
PT takes, on average
PT costs, on average
times longer than private mode
times that of private mode
2.0
0.5
Time is the biggest factor that dominates the choice of mode of transport
No alternate mode of public transport BRTS failure
Traffic Index Report
31 Life in the suburbs
Two sides for Transport in City life
Trophy Cars on Bumpy roads
Otherside of transport in city life
The New York Times
Connectivity -Accessibilty - Walkabilty Precinct Pune
Connectivity
Accessibilty
Walkablity Avg. Block perimeter
816m
0.7 Connected node ratio
1.39
1.48 Link node ratio
28%
Highest Block perimeter
2762m
Larger Block sizes makes the precinct not very accessible and walkable
Comparing Sarojini Nagar ,New Delhi
Connected node ratio
142m
Link node ratio
Average Network Connectivity
0.3
Lowest Block perimeter
Lower availabiltyof footpath makes the precinct not pedestrian friendly.
Avg. Block perimeter
517m
Lowest Block perimeter
79%
137m Highest Block perimeter
1172m High Network Connectivity
Small Block sizes makes the area accessible and walkable
High availabiltyof footpath.
On comparison with a planned street network it is established that the streets in the precinct have average connectivity and accessibility. Most of the streets don't have a footpath while the existing footpaths are in poor condition and unkept. In drawing things to a close the streets of this area show the dual side of rapid urbanization. 35 Life in the suburbs
Two sides of the same street
Infrastructure Mapping the collection spots
Sanitation
Less than 50 kg
50-100kg
150-200kg
200-500kg
Min
Max
4.2kg 277 kg
14.4
100-150kg Above 500kg
•
Gate Collection from Households by ghantagadi directly – 12%
•
Community bin collection by Dumper Placers -40 %
•
Chronic spots – 5%
Ton
Total SW Generated in the Precinct
Community dumper places situation
Solid waste management in the precinct is well managed. With door - door collection from SWACH community. It is managed by the Pune Municipal Corporation. on a community level there are initiatives of vermi composting and waste segregation but, The dumper placers are not well managed. 39 Life in the suburbs
Infrastructure Water Supply in the precinct :
Water Supply Demand across precincts With high ground water dependency : Pune
3.3 3
3.9%
Demand in the precinct :
2
25%
Ground water Dependency
1
0.4
0.17 0
Apartment
0.06
Detached
Rowhouse
3
Rajkot
2
1.1% 50%
Ground water Dependency
0.4
3.9
MLD
0
3
0.05
0.07
Apartment
Detached
Rowhouse
0.2
0.2
Chawl
Semi detached
Hyderabad
3
4.8%
Total Demand in Precinct
Demand in the precinct :
2 1.2 1
30%
Ground water Dependency
0.1 0
Chawl
Demand in the precinct :
1
Water Demand in the precinct :
On Ground Situation
Apartment
Detached
Rowhouse
0.3
0.2
Chawl
Semi detached
Water shortage due to timed water supply and frequent water cuts. Housing societies depend on borewells or Water Tankers.
41 Life in the suburbs
Bibliography
Conclusion
References: Bharath, H., Chandan, M., Vinay, S., & Ramachandra, T. (2018). Modelling urban dynamics in rapidly urbanising Indian cities. The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 21(3), 201-210. Gupta,S.,& Diddee,J. (2000). Pune: Queen of the Deccan. Elephant Design , 2000 Revised draft of an act for urban development and redevelopment. (n.d.). City and Regional Planning Papers.
The locale has transformed into a residential hub owing to the topography ,built fabric, and its location away from the city centre’s clutter. This transformation in the case of the precinct has been so rampant and brisk only in the matter of 20 years. The key factors on drawing things to a close would be the multifaceted nature of urban sprawl in the precinct. Life in the suburbs is comfortable for people with choices. The precicnt depicts the reality of developing urban scenarios with rapid urbanisation. 43 Life in the suburbs