Makes People Walk
C O N T E N T 2 Top 5 best trains in sweden
by Kilian Schott
4 Airplanes through history by Aleksandar Spasic 6 useful helicopters by Patrik lindholm 9 Pagani - Italian car manufacturer by daniel Eriksson 11 the Evolution of the stockholm subway
by felix hallberg
Top 5 best trains in sweden There are many different makes of trains roaming the rails in Sweden, some old and some brand new. In this article we’re going to go through the five best trains in Sweden. 1: X55 aka SJ3000 | 200 km/h | 274 t | 3 180 kW | This new high-speed train was delivered in 2012 and is specially built for Swedish weather and specifications. The train is based on the “Regina” series of regional trains but it has more comfortable seating, fewer doors and a bistro. The improved seating in a 2+2 pattern instead of a 3+2 pattern like the regional models leads to improved comfort and more space for bags and other personal belongings. The train has a high power to weight ratio which leads to good acceleration and regenerative braking, because of this the X55 is mostly used on high-speed lines with many stations. It even has train-wide free wifi connected to a nation-wide network of trackside 4G base-stations, achieving streaming-ready speeds on the go.
2: X2 aka X2000 | 200 km/h | 344 t | 3 260 kW | The classic Swedish high-speed train, built in the 90s it was one of the first trains with leaning-capabilities and was the role model for many trains to follow, including the current subway train of Stockholm; the C20. By leaning into the corners it can achieve increased passenger comfort while going faster than traditional trains. The X2 offers comfortable seating in first and second class as well as power outlets, free wifi and a bistro with dedicated seating located between first and second class. The power is provided by a powerful power-car that pulls or pushes the rest of the train with 3 260 kW or 4372 hp.
3: RC | 160 km/h | 78 t | 3 600 kW | The main and most common pulling power used for cargo and passenger transport in Sweden. It’s usually used to pull Intercity coaches for semi-local train services between large cities or in areas with low speed limits. The RC line of locomotives has gone through multiple iterations built to different specifications, numbered RC 1 to 7. The first RC engine was introduced in the late 1960s and replaced older less powerful and slower locomotives. Like the X2 it has been a role model for other locomotives, even being exported with only small adaptations to be compatible with power and signalling systems.
2
https://www.sj.se/sv/om/om-sj/trafik-och-tag.html
4: X40 | 200 km/h | 140 t/205 t | 1 700 kW / 2 250 kW | The first double decker train in Sweden, delivered in 2005 it takes on routes with a lot of stations and densely populated areas. It features large luggage racks, a luxurious interior with a wood finish, power outlets and free wifi. Shortly after delivery, the problems with the train started - the doors malfunctioned, the air conditioning didn’t work and the front coupler was very exposed and prone to get damaged when impacting obstacles. Most of the early problems were resolved but the X40 still has a reputation of being late and unreliable.
5: X74 | 200 km/h | 216 t | 4 500 kW | As of today the newest train in all of Sweden, the X74 is a modified version of the Norwegian type 74. The train is based on the Stadler FLIRT series of trains, FLIRT being an abbreviation for “Fast Light Innovative Regional Train” or “Flinker Leichter Innovativer Regional Triebzug” in German. The X74 is operated by MTR express between Stockholm and Gothenburg as an alternative to SJs high speed service, this is the first time SJ has had competition in the high-speed side. The train features a lot of luggage space, comfortable seats, good lighting and a basic bistro that serves cold foods, coffee and “fika”. The new X74 suffers fewer train-related delays than the SJ counterpart, the X2, because of newer and more stable technology.
3
The Most Important Airplanes trhough history 1.8 Million people fly on airplanes each day, but not many people know how it all started. In this article, we will be looking into the most important airplanes in history. Many of you, may have already heard about the Wright brothers being the first humans to build a successful airplane, but did you know that Sir George Cayley, who was an english engineer, was already building models of airplanes as early as a century before the Wright brothers? The Wright Flyer 1 The first “real” airplane, was the Wright brothers airplane “The Wright Flyer 1”. It is the first engine powered airplane, which was able to fly in sustained flight. The first flight was performed in 1903 at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. McDonnell Douglas DC-3 Another very important airplane in aviation history was the Douglas DC-3, which revolutionised cross-country flying in America. Before, one would have to stop at 15 different locations, many times even changing airline completely while flying from Los Angeles to New York. The DC-3 could fly that distance with only 3 stops.
Cessna 172 Skyhawk One of the most important general aviation aircraft is the Cessna 172 Skyhawk. Cessna has sold more 172 Skyhawks than any other airplane. It is a very small aircraft, with space for only 4 people. One pilot and three passengers. It is used mostly by private pilots or drug smugglers. It has a four cylinder boxer engine producing 150 horsepower. With a range of just over 1000 kilometres, it is perfect for shorter trips such as Stockholm to Copenhagen.
de Havilland Comet The first commercial airplane propelled by jet engines was the de Havilland Comet. 114 airplanes were built. Something not many airliners have, but the de Havilland Comet had, was square windows. For the time, it offered a very quiet and smooth experience when compared to the propeller airplanes. They had a lot of problems, even just after a year of service, and three airplanes broke up in mid-flight. The problems were with the square windows and metal fatigue. The square windows weren’t good, since the metal expands and contracts and creates stress. With square windows, the stress travels around the windows, creating more stress at the corners. The airplane was later redesigned with oval windows. Boeing 737 One of the most popular airplanes, even today, is the Boeing 737. It is still in service, even after 50 years, and it is also still in production. Over 9000 have been made as of January 2017. It is one of the most common passenger airplanes currently, followed by the A320 and A380. Some versions of the 737 are used to fly across vast distances. The primary airlines that use the 737 are Ryanair, United Airlines, American Airlines and Southwest Airlines. Airbus A320 The Airbus A320 is Boeing’s biggest competitor to the Boeing 737. It is a twin engine aircraft, that flies short to medium distances throughout the world. The A320 is widely used as it is very fuel efficient, which in turn, saves the airline companies a lot of money. There are also different models of the airplane, called A319, A318 A321 and A322. The only difference in these models is the length of the airplane. There is also the Airbus A380, which is a double-decker airplane. It has recently lost a lot of sales. http://www.popularmechanics.com/flight/g2142/the-30-most-important-airplanes-of-all-time/
4
5
6
Helicopters are very cool and useful!
Yes, that’s what you just read. Helicopters are very cool and useful because of the way they function. In this article you will read about different types of helicopters. Helicopters are very unique in comparison to other vehicles because helicopters are a type of rotorcraft that provide thrust and lift with rotors. Helicopters are used in many different scenarios. First of all, helicopters work in a special way compared to planes. Helicopters can hover over the surface and ascend and descend while standing still in the air which makes the helicopter very useful in many different types of scenarios. Here are some different types of helicopters. Rescue helicopters: Helicopters are used in rescue missions due to their ability to hover which makes it easy to save people in need. The fact that helicopters can land very easy in comparison to airplanes makes them very mobile. Rescue helicopters are often used at sea due to the fact that they can fly and hover which makes it easy to save people at sea. Rescue helicopters are also used for health-care in emergency situations on land when help is needed in a fast and effective way, health-care helicopters are called “Air ambulances” which are specially outfitted for transporting sick or injured people over longer distances or terrains. Air ambulances sometimes carry equipment vital for treating injured and sick people and are also sometimes staffed by doctors. Some air ambulances are non-medically staffed or equipped, their job is to transfer patients fast and effectively to a nearby hospital. Military helicopters: Military helicopters are helicopters specially built for use by the military. There are many different kinds of military helicopters. One kind is an attack helicopter, which is an armed helicopter with the role of engaging enemy targets. Attack helicopters are sometimes called gunships due to their equipment. Attack helicopters mostly carry weapons like machine guns which are used mostly on infantry due to the rate of fire. Another common weapon is guided anti-tank missiles that are being used to destroy enemy armor. Another example of a military helicopter is a transport helicopter which is used to transport troops in places where bigger transport aircrafts aren’t able to be utilized. Transport helicopters normally don’t carry weapons, but they can sometimes carry weapons for suppression in the landing zone. The most common weapon for a transport helicopter is a machine gun at the side that is manned by a soldier, which often is called a “door gunner”.
Helicopters are also used by civil services which includes jobs like firefighters and policemen. Police helicopters aren’t always armed but they always carry a flashlight to track targets much easier than without. Firefighters use helicopters sometimes to extinguish fires. But they are only deployed when helicopters are more effective than land-vehicles, helicopters are much more effective than land-vehicles when a forest is burning for instance. To sum it up, helicopters are very useful whenever it’s used by the military, police, firefighters and many more.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicopter http://tenrandomfacts.com/helicopter/ http://taskandpurpose.com/here-are-12-badass-military-helicopters/ http://www.explainthatstuff.com/helicopter.html
7
Pagani, sports car built by hand
Pagani is a company founded by Horacio Pagani in 1992, in San Cesario sul Panaro, Italy. Pagani is a private company that builds the very famous sports car Pagani Zonda and are built by hand. Their price ranges from the cheapest Pagani Zonda C12 made in 1999 that has a calculated value of $320,000$ up to Pagani Zonda Revolucion that had a vanishing point in 2013 with a calculated value of $4,500,000. Pagani Zonda is real design, they are always built by hand, and Pagani has 55 employees. Pagani buys the parts for the cars from a special producer because their cars need these special parts to be constructed in the right way. Pagani Zonda itself are really fast cars, the best car can go from 0-100 KPH (Kilometre Per Hour) in 2,6 seconds this car is the Pagani Zonda Revolucion and its top speed is 350 KPH / 217 MPH. The slowest car made by Pagani is the Pagani Zonda C12 that can go from 0-100 KPH in 5 seconds with a top speed of 320 KPH / 199 MPH (Miles Per Hour). Pagani Zonda stopped their car production 2011, at this time Pagani Zonda had three special cars, Pagani Zonda 760RS, Pagani Zonda 760LM and Pagani Zonda 764 Passione. The Pagani Zonda cars have a very special shape, they are shaped with almost round driver space, giving the driver a big view but also making it a special feeling just to drive the cars. The Pagani Zondas always have four exhausts and are also a low car to make it faster. The Pagani Zonda Revolucion has a weight of about 1070 Kg and the central monocoque that this car has is made of carbon-titanium. The Pagani cars are made from the ideas of formula one cars, they are low, they have strong motors and receive very low amount of back force. Pagani has also been sponsors of racing teams and they also had their own team. This is a pretty big thing because of their passion for sports cars and motors in general. The Pagani Zonda cars are very exclusive because they have a limit edition and because they are built by hand. The reason why people want to buy a Pagani Zonda is because it has a very nice look and it has good acceleration as well as good top speed. The driving feels smooth but there is also a downside of these cars is that they are very expensive and not very many car mechanics are specified in this type of car and will have problems repairing it if something breaks. Since this type of car has special car parts it won’t be cheap to get spare parts of them if they aren’t used in other types too.
8
https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064655/http://www.pagani.com/en/zonda/zonda_revolucion/default.aspx https://web.archive.org/web/20170202064537/http://www.pagani.com/en/zonda/zonda_C12/default.aspx https://www.google.se/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=pagani
The Pagani Zonda Revolucion The Pagani Zonda C12
The Pagani Zonda 760LM 9
The Evolution of The Stockholm Subway
Subway History: In the 1800s when towns and cities started to grow vigorously, the transport on the streets wasn’t really enough, and you couldn’t build a railway and take up space above ground as you used to do. It began in 1860, the first metro project in the world. And in 1863 stood the first line completed in London. and that’s how it all started! Stockholm Subway: This is how Stockholm used to look like in 1930, trams everywhere! The Stockholm subway was not at all difficult to build. Most lines were already built but in form of tramlines. One example is The Örbybanan now called Line 19 (Hagsätra-Alvik-Hässelby strand). This tramline ran from Slussen all the way to Huddinge. Which then was rebuilt to the subway line 19 to Hagsätra. The first subway in Stockholm was built from Slussen to Skanstull in 1950 and had only three stations. Since then, the subway has extended from three stations to 100 since then, and today the subway is divided into three different lines, the green line, the red line and the blue line. The green line has 49 stations, the red line has 36 stations and the blue line has 20 stations. The subway also has 5 depots (like a garage for trains). The subway has about 322 million passengers per year. While the rest of Sweden has approximately 193 million passengers per year without any subway passengers. That’s almost 70% more!!!! Cars: The Stockholm subways have had 21 different types of cars through the years, C1-C15, C12H, C13H, C14H, C14z, C15H. Today’s most used car set is the C20 type, but there are still some older cars which remain in service. All subway types between C1-C15 (except C5, which was a special car) were delivered and driven in the colour green but were repainted in the 90’s to blue. 10
https://www.sparvagssallskapet.se/vagnhallen/typ.php?typ_id=295
More in depth facts about cars: C1-C4: C1-C4 are very similar to each other except that the C1 weighed 2000 kg more, and C4 weighed 7000kg less. And these cars were built between 1949-67 C6-C9: C6-C9 all these cars have an upgraded and stronger motor so that they can reach up to 90km/h instead of the C1-C4s top speed of only 80km/h. The C6-C9 was produced 1970-76 C12 and C13: C12 and C13 are identical in both design and motor perspective. The only thing different between them is that the C12 has three more seats. These carriages were produced between 1977-84 C14 and C15: Similar to the C12 and C13. The C14 and the C15 have no difference except for lower weight compared to the C14. you can still see some of these cars on the red line. C14 and C15 were produced between 1985-89 The C20 revolution: C20 came with brand new and advanced systems. Here are a few of those systems: automatic station announcer, automatic speed limiter, cameras for the traveller’s safety and a new safety function that stops the train if something would happen to the driver. C20 is a three-part train. The C20 has also had its weight reduced and more than doubled the power in the motor for improved acceleration allowing for more frequent services! The C20 runs on all lines and were produced between 19972004
11