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Cover: On November 4th, 2024, a public event dedicated to the first IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements in Italian was held at CNR (National Research Council of Italy) in Rome. It was the result of an intensive international activity and of a collaborative IUPAC project. This activity is an example of the coordinated outreach initiative held in Italy to increase the value of scientific and research messages and in the same time upgrade initiatives for a policy for research in chemical sciences. See feature titled “Global Conversation on Sustainability“ by Elisa Carignani, Augusta Maria Paci, Silvia Borsacchi, and Maurizio Peruzzini, page 10.
by Ehud Keinan
In November 2020, during the early phase of the COVID pandemic, Prof. Nili Cohen, then President of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, invited me to a personal meeting in Jerusalem. She wanted to discuss my involvement with IUPAC as a long-time member of the IUPAC Bureau. Prof. Cohen mentioned that in the long history of IUPAC, the Union had only one President from Israel. Prof. Joshua Jortner, who served as the Israel Academy President from 19861995, was later elected the 28th IUPAC President (1998-1999).
Prof. Cohen wanted to hear my reaction to the idea that the Israel Academy would nominate me as a candidate for IUPAC President-elect for the 2021 elections. I responded that it would make sense only if I could contribute significantly to IUPAC during my six-year service as President-elect, President, and past president. I explained that the Union has been an essential organization for global chemistry with a remarkable history and has continuously attracted excellent volunteers. However, I noted to Prof. Cohen that Union has been underfunded, too dependent on income from national subscriptions with insignificant fundraising records.
In that brainstorming session, I proposed using my long experience and network to improve the financial status of IUPAC. I thought using my experience in raising multi-million USD$ for public organizations while serving as Head of the Institute of Catalysis and Dean of Chemistry at the Technion, President of the Israel Chemical Society, Director at the Wolf Foundation, and long-time Adjunct Professor at the Scripps Research Institute. I considered fundraising for IUPAC to allow for new initiatives, new prizes, and enhanced global stature.
In preparation for the IUPAC Science Board meeting of 13 March 2024, and the Executive Board meeting of 10 April 2024, I distributed a document outlining my proposal to establish a series of high-profile international prizes for breakthrough science and technology topics of high public interest. My main goal was to highlight important issues that deserve worldwide attention and emphasize the central role of chemistry in meeting global challenges. The proposed prizes would be the largest and most significant in each field and attract international attention to the essential scientific and industrial challenges, opportunities, and achievements. I proposed establishing endowment funds of $ 1 million each to support these high profile prizes, allowing for annual awards of $ 30 000 plus $ 15 000 for administrative expenses of handling the prize.
Although the Science and Executive Boards unanimously approved my proposal, most members expressed skepticism about raising funds of that magnitude, mainly because IUPAC was unsuccessful in fundraising for its Centennial Endowment Fund. Indeed, fundraising efforts are challenging, reminiscent of launching a startup company. Philanthropists and various foundations usually receive multiple requests, which creates tough competition. Interestingly, the success rate in fundraising resembles that of startup companies, with only 5 % success.
Two influential chemists, Prof. Wen-Chang Chen, President of the National Taiwan University (NTU), and Prof. Chi-Huey Wong of the Scripps Research Institute in California and Academia Sinica in Taipei, and who has been serving as a member of the IUPAC Science Board, have been instrumental in establishing my connection with Mr. Soong.
Mr. Gong-Yuan (Raymond) Soong, a graduate of NTU, is a pioneer in optoelectronics industry. In 1975, after serving as a senior engineer for RCA Corporation and a chief engineer for Texas Instruments, Taiwan Ltd., Mr. Soong and several of his coworkers founded Taiwan LITEON Electronic Co. Ltd., a manufacturer of electronic components and subsystems. In 2023, Raymond Soong committed $ 6,250,000 million for a 10-year program at NTU to establish “Raymond Soong Chair Professorships of Distinguished Research.” The fund aims to invite top international scholars to serve as short- to long-term chair professors and engage in academic collaborations with research teams at NTU, especially in disciplines such as semiconductor and data science, sustainable and green energy, precision
medicine, quantum technology, sinology, legal studies, or related fields.
Following several meetings in Taipei and an exchange of several versions of the donation agreement, we and several other professors from NTU met for a happy lunch in Taipei on 8 October, where we agreed on the final version of the agreement. The general plan was to secure an endowment fund to recognize excellence and progress in Sustainable Chemistry. We all agreed that IUPAC will present the first prize laureate during the 50th IUPAC World Chemistry Congress in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The laureate will also give a public lecture at National Taiwan University within two years of receiving the Prize.
On 9 October, I presented the proposed agreement and general plan to the IUPAC Executive Board, and all board members endorsed it, and the Science Board approved it on 13 November. On 11 October, I met again at NTU with Mr. Soong to jointly sign the agreement in a formal ceremony hosted by Prof. Wen-Chang Chen and attended by several distinguished guests, including two prominent professors from the NTU Department of Chemistry: Prof. Shie-Ming Peng who wrote extensively on who history of NTU and the Chemical Society Located in Taipei, and Prof. Shiuh-Tzung, Liu, the
former Dean (2013-2019) of the College of Science at NTU.
In the name of thousands of IUPAC volunteers worldwide, I expressed my deep gratitude to Mr. Soong and my humility for the challenge, stressing that the annual award will recognize exceptional scientists who have achieved breakthrough discoveries in sustainable chemistry worldwide. The IUPAC-Soong Prize will encourage innovative research to meet the most pressing challenges jeopardizing humanity and planet Earth. The Prize would also strengthen IUPAC’s leadership position in global chemical sciences and help unite the academic, industrial, education, and public sectors.
I mentioned that IUPAC is well-recognized as the world authority on chemical nomenclature, terminology, standardized methods for measurement, atomic weights, and many other critically evaluated data.
Mr. Raymond Soong said that sustainable development is essential for the planet’s and humanity’s survival as we confront significant social, economic, and environmental threats. Addressing these challenges requires a concerted effort from governments, businesses, universities, and individuals. He added that recognizing the crucial role of education in cultivating talent and advancing sustainable development, he
was pleased to offer his support through IUPAC, hoping to unite academia and various sectors of society to pursue the shared vision of global sustainability. In addition to the formal Prize ceremony, he would happily host the Prize laureates, thereby exposing young Taiwanese scholars to the cutting edge of sustainable chemistry.
Prof. Wen-Chang Chen said that as sustainability becomes an increasingly relevant issue globally, how to use fundamental science to address these challenges has become increasingly critical. He was happy to see IUPAC’s initiative to establish an Award of Sustainable Chemistry to inspire chemists to join this effort. He assured that NTU was proud to play a role by providing a platform for exchanging academic insights and practical solutions. Prof. Chen reminded us that NTU, founded in 1928 as Taihoku Imperial University, is guided by its motto, “Integrity, Diligence, Fidelity, and Compassion.” With over 34,000 students, including over 6,000 international students from 77 countries and more than 5,700 faculty and staff, NTU is determined to promote sustainable development while continuing to expand global opportunities, empowering students to realize their full potential and build global competence.
Prize regulations and selection mechanism
Establishing a new high-profile prize is a non-trivial task because the reputation and attractiveness of the prize depends on the mechanism of handling the nomination of candidates, the jury’s composition and procedures, and the announcement and award ceremony. The broad spectrum of mechanisms translates to a wide spectrum of prize reputation, global visibility, and desirability, all resulting in an indicative number, which is the success rate. For example, the success rate for the Wolf Prize in Chemistry is approximately 0.5 %. Although the Nobel Prizes’ success rates are unknown, they are probably in the same range. Therefore, it would be helpful to learn from the cumulative experience, procedures, and mechanisms used by other high-profile prizes, such as the Nobel, Wolf, Japan, Welch, Tang, Kavli, Breakthrough, Millennium Technology, Lasker, Turing, Dan David, Harvey, and others.
In my intensive discussion with Mr. Raymond Soong on these issues, I shared my four-decade experience with several significant prizes, including the Wolf Prize, the Harvey Prize, and the various prizes awarded by the Israel Chemical Society. We agreed on several leading principles for handling the IUPAC-Soong Prize, prize regulations and deadlines:
1. The prize will be awarded to a single winner or shared between two or a maximum of three winners.
2. No restrictions would apply to the nominee’s background and affiliation, and they could be in academia, research organizations, or industries. Nobel prize Laureates cannot become candidates for the IUPAC-Soong Prize.
3. The nominator will fill out the nomination forms and add a letter indicating the candidate’s groundbreaking discoveries and achievements related to Sustainable Chemistry, the candidate’s short CV, and three letters of support. Self-nomination is not allowed.
4. A Prize Committee chaired by the IUPAC President will nominate a five-member jury, including a chairperson, while considering issues of reputation, field of expertise, and geographic and gender inclusivity.
5. The Jury members will serve for one cycle, and their identity will always remain confidential.
The IUPAC-Soong Prize is the first in the new category of high profile IUPAC prizes, but certainly not the only one. Other initiatives may follow this model with the same parameters: a $1 million endowment fund to indefinitely support an annual prize of circa $30,000. Attempts to establish additional prizes on this model are currently underway.
https://iupac.org/what-we-do/awards/iupac-soong-prize/
Ehud Keinan <ekeinan@iupac.org> has been IUPAC President since January 2024 and is currently a Professor of Chemistry at the Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology. He was born and educated in Israel, obtained his Ph.D. from the Weizmann Institute of Science, and postdoc at the University of Wisconsin with Prof. B.M. Trost. His research focuses on organic synthesis, biocatalysis, drug discovery, molecular computing, and supra-molecular chemistry. He was Dean of Chemistry at the Technion, Head of the Institute of Catalysis, and an Adjunct Professor at The Scripps Research Institute, California. He served as Pro-Vice-Chancellor and Dean of Sciences at GTIIT, Guangdong, China (2015-2016). He is Editor-in-Chief of the Israel J. Chem. (Wiley-VCH), President of the Israel Chemical Society, Editor-in-Chief of the AsiaChem magazine (FACS), and Council Member of the Wolf Foundation. Ehud is a public writer and activist on science education, higher education, and chemical industry policy. Before serving as IUPAC President, Prof Keinan was elected member of the Bureau from 2016-2023.
by Helene Jacot Des Combes
The Hazard Information Profiles (HIPs) published in 2021 by the United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) and the International Science Council (ISC) offer scientifically sound definitions for 302 hazards, supporting the multi-hazard approach of the Sendai Framework.
These definitions are organized into eight groups: Meteorological & Hydrological, Extraterrestrial, Geological, Environmental, Chemical, Biological, Technological, and Societal. They provide a common understanding that empowers governments and stakeholders to strategize and act effectively in risk reduction and management.
Recognized as “groundbreaking” in the 2023 Midterm Review of the Sendai Framework, the Hazard Information Profiles offer extensive information across sectors like disaster risk reduction planning, monitoring, training, and research. They are widely embraced by various stakeholders, fostering a comprehensive approach to disaster risk monitoring and planning.
Three years after their publication, the UNDRR and the ISC have have initiated an update of the HIPs to ensure they remain functional, valuable, and actively used. This review will focus on adding new and relevant scientific information on specific hazards and the multihazard context.
This paper presents the HIPs and the review process, highlighting ongoing discussions to ensure that the standardization of the definition and classification of chemical hazards responds to the latest scientific information, meets a range of user needs, and can accommodate future developments related to chemicalrelated risks.
What are the UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profiles?
Every year, extreme events and hazards of different origins lead to disasters affecting thousands of people and resulting in significant human, environmental and economic losses. Countries and communities are implementing initiatives to reduce disaster risks and plan for response and reconstruction.
Figure 1: Access full report at https://www.undrr.org/ publication/hazard-definition-and-classification-reviewtechnical-report
The first step of these initiatives is to better understand the different hazards they face. A better understanding of hazards constitutes one of the four priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the global framework approved by 187 countries in 2015 [1].
To support this priority, an initiative was launched by scientists in May 2019, during the 6th session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), to address paragraph 24j of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030: “To strengthen technical and scientific capacity to capitalize on and consolidate existing knowledge and to develop and apply methodologies and models to assess disaster risks, vulnerabilities and exposure to all hazards.”
Led by the UNDRR and the ISC, this initiative aimed to establish a standardized classification and definition
of hazards, and resulted in two reports:
• The UNDRR/ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review, [2]
• The UNDRR/ISC Hazard Information Profiles [3]
The UNDRR-ISC Hazard Information Profiles, supplement to the technical report, explored the definition of a hazard as a “process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury, or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation” [4] and provided guidance to the scope of issues that should be considered as part of holistic disaster risk management strategies.
These reports present a classification, definition and information profile for 302 hazards classified in 8 groups and 48 clusters (Figure 2).
Each Profile (HIPS) is a concise document, between 1 and 4 pages, providing:
• A definition and associated reference
• Annotations which include subsections on synonyms, additional scientific description, metrics and numeric limits, key relevant UN convention/ multilateral treaty, and examples of drivers, outcomes, and risk management
• References (ideally open source)
Figure 3 presents the Profile on carbon monoxide, as an example.
Definition
Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless gas that can be poisonous to humans and is considered a significant public health hazard (WHO, 1999).
Reference
WHO, 1999. Environmental Health Criteria 213: Carbon monoxide. Second Edition. International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization (WHO). www.who.int/ipcs/ publications/ehc/ehc_213/en Accessed 2 December 2019.
Annotations
Synonyms
None.
Additional scientific description
Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most common and widely distributed air pollutants. It is a colourless, odourless and tasteless gas that is poorly soluble in water. Carbon monoxide has a slightly lower density than air. In the human body, it reacts readily with haemoglobin to form carboxyhaemoglobin. Small amounts of carbon monoxide are also produced endogenously. Carbon monoxide exposure is still one of the leading causes of unintentional and suicidal poisonings, and causes a large number of deaths annually (WHO, 2000).
It is a product of the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing fuels and is also produced by natural processes or by biotransformation of halomethanes within the human body. With external exposure to additional carbon monoxide, subtle effects can begin to occur, and exposure to higher levels can result in serious symptoms and death. The health effects of carbon monoxide are largely the result of the formation of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb), which impairs the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood (WHO, 1999).
The total annual global emissions of carbon monoxide into the atmosphere have been estimated to be as high as 2600 million tonnes, of which about 60% are from human activities and about 40% from natural processes. Anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide originate mainly from the incomplete combustion of carbonaceous materials. The largest proportion of these emissions are produced as exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, especially by motor vehicles with petrol engines. Other common sources include various industrial processes, power plants using coal, and waste incinerators. Petroleum-derived emissions have greatly increased over the past few decades. Some widespread natural non-biological and biological sources, such as plants, oceans and oxidation of hydrocarbons, give rise to the background concentrations outside urban areas. In indoor environments, space heaters fuelled with oil, gas or kerosene, gas stoves and some other combustion appliances (e.g., wood stoves), and tobacco smoking are also responsible for significant emissions of carbon monoxide (WHO, 2000).
Metrics and numeric limits
Indoor air: 100 mg/m3 (87 ppm) for 15 minutes, 35 mg/m3 (30 ppm) for 1 hour, 10 mg/m3 (8.7 ppm) for 8
relevant UN convention / multilateral treaty Not identified.
References
ATSDR, 2012. Public Health Statement: Carbon monoxide (CAS#: 630-08-0). Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry (ATSDR). www.atsdr.cdc.gov/PHS/PHS.asp?id=1146&tid=253 Accessed 2 December 2019.
NOAA, 2016. Emergency Response Planning Guidelines. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). response. restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/chemical-spills/resources/emergency-response-planning-guidelines-erpgs.
html#whatsubs Accessed 2 December 2019.
PHE, 2019. Carbon monoxide: Health effects, incident management and toxicology. Public Health England (PHW). www.gov.uk/ government/publications/carbon-monoxide-properties-incident-management-and-toxicology Accessed 2 December 2019.
US EPA, no date. Acute exposure guideline levels (AEGLs) for airborne chemicals. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). www.epa.gov/aegl Accessed 2 December 2019.
WHO, 1999. Environmental Health Criteria 213: Carbon monoxide. Second Edition. International Programme on Chemical Safety, World Health Organization (WHO). www.who.int/ipcs/publications/ehc/ehc_213/en/ Accessed 2 December 2019.
WHO, 2000. Air quality guidelines, 2nd ed. Chapter 5.5: Carbon monoxide. World Health Organization (WHO). www.euro.who. int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/123059/AQG2ndEd_5_5carbonmonoxide.PDF Accessed 2 December 2019.
WHO, 2010. Guidelines for indoor air quality: Selected pollutants. World Health Organization (WHO). www.euro.who.int/__data/ assets/pdf_file/0009/128169/e94535.pdf Accessed 2 December 2019.
Coordinating agency or organisation World Health Organization (WHO).
Figure 3: Example of the HIP of a chemical hazard: Carbon Monoxide (CH0002); reproduced from [3], p. 358-359, or online https://www.preventionweb.net/understanding-disaster-risk/terminology/hips/ch0002
The review Process
Scientific information on hazards evolves constantly, and so do the needs of the users. Recognizing these drivers of change, these reports also included a set of recommendations to maintain the usefulness of the HIPs over time.
• Recommendation 1: Review regularly and update.
• Recommendation 2: Facilitate the development of a multi-hazard information system.
• Recommendation 3: Engage with users and sectors for greater alignment and consistency of hazard definitions.
• Recommendation 4: Use this hazard list to actively engage policymakers and scientists in evidence-based national risk assessment processes, disaster risk reduction and riskinformed sustainable development, and other actions aimed at managing risks of emergencies and disasters.
• Recommendation 5: Conduct further work to operationalise parameters for exposure,
vulnerability and capacity, building on the UNGA definitions.
• Recommendation 6: Address cascading and complex hazards and risks.
Under the joint leadership of the UNDRR and the ISC, the second phase of the Hazard Information Profiles has been initiated in August 2023. This Phase 2 corresponds to the first cycle of review and update of the HIPs and focuses on recommendations 1, 2, 3 and 6.
Since their publication in 2021, the UNDRR/ISC Hazard Information Profiles (HIPs) have been utilized in various contexts, including disaster risk reduction planning, disaster response planning, monitoring, research, and teaching. A recent survey of HIP users across science, intergovernmental organizations, governments, the insurance sector, and civil society indicates that the HIPs are considered concise yet detailed and comprehensive, reliable, well-structured, well-referenced, agreed upon, and standardized. However, both experts and users agree that
information on the “multi-hazard context” needs to be added to the HIPs. This involves identifying direct and well-established relationships between hazards, which shed light on how one hazard might trigger or magnify another. Additionally, enhancing interoperability and machine actionability is necessary to improve the applications of the HIPs.
The User’s feedback reinforced the ‘light touch’ approach selected for this review process where changes are in general limited to the addition of new relevant scientific information in all sections of the HIPS, addition of information on the multi-hazard context and the review of existing references.
The classification of the current 302 hazards presented in the HIPs will also be reviewed. While the eight hazard types will remain, some clusters may change. Hazards may be added if they meet the three inclusion criteria identified during the development of the HIPs: potential impact on communities, available proactive and reactive measures, and measurable spatial and temporal components. Conversely, other hazards may be removed or merged following a careful assessment of the relevance of their disaggregation and classification with respect to the hazard definition and users’ needs. The review and potential revision of the hazard classification have three main objectives:
1. Readability and accessibility: Improve the classification’s clarity and ease of use for a wide range of users, including non-experts.
2. Coherence in disaggregation: Ensure a consistent level of detail in the classification of individual and groups of hazards. For example, some hazards currently correspond to single agents or diseases, while others correspond to groups of agents or diseases.
3. Future-proofing the HIPs: Prepare the HIPs for future developments, particularly concerning chemical hazards. As new chemical hazards with similar characteristics to existing ones may emerge, one option under discussion is to create “chapeau HIPs” that correspond to classes of agents with the same characteristics, with specific hazards having their own detailed HIPs as examples.
The review process, led by the UNDRR and the ISC, is guided by a Steering Group, bringing together experts from UN agencies, academia, private sectors, and international organizations. The Steering Committee is supported by eight technical teams, each one dedicated to one of the hazard groups. The main
responsibility of these technical teams is to ensure the scientific information on each HIP is accurate, robust, up to date and understandable for non-specialists. In addition to these eight technical teams, the Steering Group is also supported by two specific working groups: one dedicated to the multi-hazard context and another one dedicated to machine actionability.
A User Group has also been set up to provide feedback from a user point of view to ensure that the HIPs continue to be usable, useful and used by different stakeholders in a broad range of sectors. The User group will also advise UNDRR, ISC and all other participating organizations on opportunities to further disseminate and apply the HIPs and widen the community of HIPs’ users.
The updated HIPs will be launched at the 8th session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction in Geneva in June 2025. It is expected that they will be available in two versions, a pdf version similar to the one available on the ISC Website and an online version on PreventionWeb [5]. The development of a machine actionable version is also part of the project.
The Chemical Hazard Group currently includes 25 hazards distributed in 9 clusters: gases, heavy metals, food safety, pesticides, persistent organic pollutants, hydrocarbons, CBRNE, other chemical hazards and toxins, and fisheries and aquaculture. This review is intended to examine the ways in which the HIPs can be made more useful and usable, to include new hazards such as PFAS, and provide means of reporting on a wider range of hazards than originally covered.
The main changes envisaged include the addition of new HIPs that cover groups or classes of chemical hazards, in addition to those that have HIPs themselves, and relating the HIPs to the UN Global Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). This information will make it easier for non-expert users to identify, respond to, and report on hazards since the GHS classifications and their associated pictograms are already widely used.
The technical team for this group of hazards is led by Richard Hartshorn. His team is made of experts associated with the IUPAC Division of Chemistry and Human Health as well as experts from UN agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and is coordinated via IUPAC project 2023-036-1-700 [6].
Conclusion
The Hazard Information Profiles published in 2021 provide concise but comprehensive information on 302 hazards organized in eight groups: Meteorological & Hydrological, Extraterrestrial, Geological, Environmental, Chemical, Biological, Technological and Societal. When they were first published in 2021, they were accompanied by a recommendation to review them regularly. A first review cycle is currently ongoing, informed by new scientific information and feedback from users to strengthen their scientific relevance and ensuring they are “useful usable and used.” The revision of the HIPs is conducted by expert groups from within the United Nations relevant organizations as well as scientific organizations from within and beyond the membership of the International Science Council. If you are interested in learning more about the project or contributing to the technical review of the HIPs, please contact Helene Jacot Des Combes (helene.jacotdescombes@council.science); see https://council.science/ our-work/hazards-definition-and-classification/
References
1. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, https://www.undrr.org/publication/sendai-framework-disasterrisk-reduction-2015-2030
2. Murray, V. et al. (2020) Hazard Definition & Classification Review: Technical Report: Geneva, Switzerland, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; Paris, France International Science Council, https://council.science/ wp-content/uploads/2020/06/UNDRR_Hazard-Report_ DIGITAL.pdf; or https://council.science/publications/hazards
3. Murray, V. et al. (2021) Hazard Information Profiles: Supplement to UNDRR-ISC Hazard Definition & Classification Review: Technical Report: Geneva, Switzerland, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction; Paris, France International Science Council, https://council.science/ wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Hazard-Information-ProfilesSupplement-to-UNDRR-ISC-Hazard-Definition-ClassificationReview-Technical-Report-2021.pdf; or https://council.science/ publications/hazard-information-profiles/
4. UNGA, 2016: p.18, 2017, https://www.undrr.org/publication/ report-open-ended-intergovernmental-expert-working-groupindicators-and-terminology
5. PreventionWeb: https://www.preventionweb.net/drr-glossary/ hips
6. Updating Chemical Hazard Information Profiles for United Nations Office of Disaster Risk Reduction, IUPAC Project 2023-036-1-700, Start Date 18 Dec 2023, supported by the Chemistry and Human Health Division; https://iupac.org/ project/2023-036-1-700/
by Elisa Carignani, Augusta Maria Paci, Silvia Borsacchi, and Maurizio Peruzzini
Global Conversation on Sustainability (GCS) 2023 was enthusiastically welcomed by researchers of the National Research Council of Italy (CNR). Highly committed to international organizations such as IUPAC and ISC, the promoters participated to the 2023 edition of the Global Conversation on Sustainability hosting a local in person event held in one of the major CNR institute for chemistry research. The format was a round-table discussion involving colleagues of different age, gender, experience, and area of expertise, who participated to an informal dialogue with the aim of reflecting and sharing aspects of the respective research activities contributing to Sustainable Development Goals. From many chemistry research areas, it emerged a wide-ranging of subjects, which stimulated an interesting and purpose-oriented discussion. Therefore, GCS 2023 at CNR prompted a reflection on how improving chemists’ impact on sustainability including laboratories’ practises and on considering communication becoming part of scientific process.
Transformation requires continuous investment in research and innovation and evolving scientific activities but also requires synergies, collaborations and policy making on cross-cutting issues that can make this successful. Global initiatives as GCS, in the framework of international scientific organizations, represent a key global vehicle for enhancing the big area of science communication. Overcoming time and spatial limitations, these initiatives enable to link global and locally tailored in person events.
Introduction
Narratives on chemistry-driven scientific activities carried on by scientific public institutions have been fully part of the institutional duties of researchers since the last decades in Italy. Through a variety of formats, they address citizens and high-school students to convey messages regarding the importance of fundamental and applied scientific research for societal
progress in many sectors. Furthermore, these activities highlight their linkage with some of the United Nations “Sustainable Development Goals” (SDGs) and, in general, with sustainable development. As far as chemistry is concerned, communication is especially focused on its central role in developing sustainable processes that meet needs for products useful to humanity with negligible impact to our planet.
The need to invest in communication efforts was explored in 2018 by the European Commission, which published a report focusing on outreach as a priority alongside the activities framed and carried on within research and innovation projects [1]. In this report, the authors proposed emerging formats and practises appearing in European countries and highlighted, first to the European Commission, new ways for newcomers’ involvement and societal engagement as a key part of policy for research. The recommendations, elaborated for the H2020 Industrial technologies programme, contributed to improve a strategy for societal engagement in European research and innovation more generally.
Today new narrative formats aim at developing information flows bridging different levels of participants’ knowledge, including high level research competences, to develop the conditions for an open and inclusive dialogue. These new formats encourage participants to share insights, ideas, and feedback, helping to bridge both scientific and educational communities and society at large. Mixing bottom-up and top-down approaches can facilitate the exchange of knowledge between young researchers and stimulate a policy dialogue within a territory and regional institutions, proposing historical and actual values of excellence in chemistry with the aim of capturing the attention of young researchers and students.
In this policy perspective, which is promoted at international level by IUPAC, communication activities represent not only a step forward in scientific method but become a distinct and transversal area requiring individual efforts, time, resources, and adaptive contexts at national and international levels. This effort is particularly addressed also by the International Science Council (ISC), the non-governmental international organization having as members scientific unions such as IUPAC, but also Research Institutions such as CNR and Science Academies as well as International Scientific Associations. ISC promotes the relevance of science-policy interface and actively participates in UN projects to increase at global level societal awareness on strategic themes where science, natural and social sciences, represents a key factor to boost societal progress, such as climate change, water, health, science in
exile, to name a few [2]. In this perspective, the role of institutions and of scientists implies outreach activities to add value at various policy level.
Chemistry researchers of CNR (National Research Council of Italy), beside their main research activities, are increasingly committed to communicate chemistry’s advancement and how chemical research is developed with the objective of a common wellness, higher life quality, and sustainability. For instance, the CNR institute hosting the authors of this paper (Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds, ICCOM) organizes several activities, within the so-called “CNR Third Mission”, to engage high-school students and teachers and yearly contributes to the European Researchers’ Night with a great ensemble of activities in which chemistry is communicated to a wide public of citizens and students [3].
Within this systemic and active local context, researchers are also able to provide Italian participation to global initiatives for sustainable development and to collaborate with International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), International Younger Chemists Network (IYCN) and interlinked with the International Science Council (ISC) [4].
In the last years, Italian researchers, prompted by the Italian National Commission for IUPAC (NAO-CNR) [5] and by CHEMRAWN (Committee on Chemical Research Applied to World Needs), a IUPAC Committee aimed at addressing global issues as sustainability, health and equality, and at fostering communication and education [6], contributed to outreach adhering to two bottom-up world level initiatives for SDGs, i.e., the Global Women Breakfast (GWB) and the Global Conversation on Sustainability (GCS).
These initiatives consist of coordinated individual actions, country-membership based, within a joint activity: each individual action is implemented in formats freely decided and can consist of lectures, panel discussions, world cafés, and establish links among chemists for the transformation of chemistry. Below these coordinated initiatives with individual actions are briefly reported.
GWB, started in 2019, is today a consolidated appointment in many Italian institutions to present and discuss emerging aspects related to gender issues.
GCS is a recent initiative for SDGs, welcomed in Italy since its first edition in 2022 by the group of Italian IUPAC Young Observers. This group in collaboration with NAO-CNR, created in 2023 a short video showcasing in “pills” some of the main challenges related to sustainability that selected laboratories were facing in research work, and reported
on possible chemical solutions that chemists are developing to meet SDGs [7,8].
IYBSSD-International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development in 2022 was launched to jointly promote and focus the role of science for the achievement of SDGs with the governance of a joint Committee from International Scientific Unions such as the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), IUPAC and ISC. CNR, as Italian representative in IUPAC and ISC, supported this celebration year, and the NAO-CNR organized an international event dedicated to Alessandro Volta, celebrating his outstanding role in the advancement of science, technology, and innovation to meet grand challenges for the progress of humanity and to address the needs of human society. In this international policy for science initiative, the event, held in Volta’s native town Como, addressed highschool students, teachers, university professors and citizens. For the local community, for the invited high level experts and for the Presidents of IUPAC and ISC, this was a precious occasion for communicating and discussing the societal value of basic sciences in the history of humanity facing urgent challenges, as the energy transition and sustainable development [9-13]. Following the world success of the IYBSSD 2022, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed the period 2024 to 2033 as the “International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development (IDSSD)” - acknowledging the imperative to bridge across scientific disciplines and knowledge forms in order to address the complex and intricate challenges of our time [14].
These Italian actions achieved good success and inspired CNR-ICCOM researchers, authors of this paper and members of IUPAC CHEMRAWN (Committee for CHEMical Research Applied to World Needs) and ISC, to take part to GCS for the second year.
To this end, organizers decided to adopt a new format for the 2023 edition.
They envisaged an in-person workshop, where peers could share opinions and lived experiences from different chemistry fields. The idea was to go beyond the production of a stand-alone video and to offer a complete live experience involving researchers as well as remote participants.
This format is hugely beneficial as it provides physical and visual contexts providing an immersion with an international perspective. Then, this format was rather challenging, but also attractive being based on in-person, live conversation among colleagues, all chemists,
and framed by the ISC global policy action [15].
With the workshop’s aim of including as many perspectives as possible, one person from each research group was invited to join the round-table for an open discussion on different aspects of sustainability and to address a specific contribution, as researchers in chemistry, toward the achievement of SDGs.
The feedback from colleagues was very encouraging, thanks to the general interest raised by the topic and especially it was appreciated the novelty of the event and its very informal character.
Moreover, colleagues found very attractive and exciting being part of a global network of coordinated events. The initiative was very much welcome by the ICCOM-CNR’ s Director and it was communicated on the institute website and social media.
Figure 1. GCS 2023 at the Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Chemistry of CNR in Pisa.
It is interesting to point out the variety of “representatives” joining the table. They spanned from senior (including some group leaders) to junior scientists, to PhD students, depending on personal predisposition, .. (Figure 1). In addition, many other colleagues attended the event in the public, also actively contributing to the discussion. Students from the near chemistry department of the University of Pisa were also invited and about 10 of them joined the GCS, with an overall attendance of about 30 people.
Thanks to the colleagues’ interest and availability and to the variety of the research activities existing in the Institute, the round-table covered main scientific domains such as analytical chemistry, catalysis, NMR spectroscopy, macromolecular chemistry, and theoretical/computational chemistry.
At the beginning, the organizers introduced IUPAC, ISC, IYCN and the GCS project, especially to the youngest attendants. Then, as ice-breaking, the organizers started the round-table discussion asking the colleagues to share one or more topics of their current research activities that aim at contributing to one or more SDGs, specifying which ones.
Each intervention presented a very interesting and varied picture, reflecting the diversity of the different research laboratories. Affordable and Clean Energy (SDG#7) emerged as one of the prominent goals of the activity of physical chemists as well as of catalysis experts. Most of the efforts are devoted to the development, modeling and advanced characterization of materials for solar energy harvesting (inorganic 3rd generation photovoltaics based on perovskites) and capturing CO2 (Metal Organic Frameworks and membranes), as well as to the development of catalytic
processes for water splitting and hydrogen evolution. The discussion was the occasion to share insights and viewpoints between research groups from a multi-perspective approach.
With regard to building circular economy, related to SDG#12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), SDG#14 (Life below Water) and SDG#15 (Life on Land), it emerged a variety of research activities of the macromolecular research group, strongly committed to the development of processes and materials deriving from waste and non-edible organic biomass.
It clearly emerged the key role of standard and advanced characterization techniques, at the core of the activities of analytical and spectroscopy groups, for enabling the reuse, recycle and transformation of wastes and biomasses.
From the open discussion among participants, it emerged also that it is not less important to be sustainable in our everyday laboratory’s practices, making them as sustainable good practices.
This represented the second relevant topic area of our round-table discussion, which showed that researchers are aware and keen to be as sustainable as possible in public research laboratories, but still must face several barriers. In catalysis and analytical laboratories most of the developed processes aim at using water rather than organic solvents, generally high impacting on the environment. However, the achievement of a complete green substitution still requires time and efforts, similarly to the replacement of petroleum derived reactants in macromolecular chemistry with biobased monomers. A very interesting discussion arose on the energetic cost of the different laboratories, especially the NMR and computational ones. In both cases infrastructural investments, as recovery systems for the helium used as cryogenic gas in NMR labs or heat recovering systems necessary to control the heating arising from high-speed computing operations, could strongly improve the lab energetic efficiency.
The local GCS event in Pisa proved to be participated and effective in stimulating chemistry researchers to share insights on the large subject of sustainability and to highlight their serious and determined scientific efforts to change directions toward paths for sustainability. Each researcher presented research activity pointing out green chemistry and approaches directed toward the goal of moving significant steps in key areas for the achievement of sustainable processes and products.
The workshop gave concrete insights for the overall aim of the sustainable design of key enabling
technologies reducing or avoiding environmental impacts, increasing energy savings, showing economic affordability, and overall responding to the industrial demand of high value intermediates.
The discussion at GCS 2023 in Pisa also touched themes of sustainability of working times and life/work balance. Sustainability is also gender balance, which is still to be achieved, even in high-cultural level context as scientific research. Moreover, living every day in a sustainable way often requires a change of everyday habits, care and time, that are often not allowed by the rush, pressure and work-life unbalance experienced by researchers, women first. If our lifestyle does not allow to take time and slow down, the implementation of good practices in our shopping, cooking and every-day life choice will be difficult and pose something at risks. The need of a more sustainable time management emerged during the discussion from many researchers of different scientific domains.
Lessons learned and perspectives for sustainability
Outreach, as resulting from a policy implemented through formats reported in this paper, shows the importance for researchers and institutions to continue investing resources in finding agile and novel forms of communication, ideas exchange and education as a matter of policy for research towards transformation for sustainability.
However, the lessons learned can help to adopt a thinking scheme to increase the value of these messages and upgrade initiatives for a policy for research.
The identification of specific elements, starting from “WHY” and moving to “HOW” and “WHAT” is the core of the Golden Circle Model [16], a famous strategy behind many successful companies, which can be useful also to researchers as a way of critically thinking about their work, for better organizing and focusing their communication efforts in dealing with pathways for sustainability.
The specification of elements as WHY, HOW, WHAT, and probably WHEN for the mid- and long-term horizon and expectations of any scientific research, can help to design coordinated actions with events (Figure 2).
“WHY” in science refers to address young researchers’ education and culture, and to exploit knowledge and ideas to improve the quality of humans’ and planet life.
“HOW” appears a very relevant element taking the focus on the utilities that facilitate novel approaches within the scientific path. Laboratories with related practices are equipped with instrumentation and materials for experimentations, so becoming key structures for a pro-active and precursor action for the sustainability goal addressing many sectors.
“WHAT” refers to conveying appropriate messages to other researchers, to educators to citizens, to students and to stakeholders and policymakers and deals with the broad area of scientific advice.
These three elements imply that the change for sustainability requires partnerships with trust and reliability which are critical in any complex society. In the current and near future, global progress urges and requires a more inclusive and responsible approach to different cultural values and collective problem-solving methods. To achieve subsequent innovation in real economy and life, other major drivers of change, such as policy, economic, society, and comparison with other key technologies are also to be assessed as requirements. The quality of the HOW element can attract and involve potential investors.
Specific and concise messages need to be tailored to avoid difficulties of comprehension and risk-aversion due to a lack of a certain level of knowledge and experimental uncertainties. Any scientific discipline is highly specialized with its own subfields and specific terminology. Therefore, researchers must be aware that different cultures and scientific languages may constitute barriers that are not always easy to overcome.
An example of practice can be found in the organization of the public event dedicated to the first IUPAC Periodic Table of Elements in Italian, held at CNR in Rome on November 4th, 2024 as a result of an intensive international activity and of a collaborative IUPAC
project. (Figure 3) This example shows a coordinated action for increasing outreach and the role of WHY, HOW, WHAT scheme to increase the value of scientific and research messages and in the same time upgrade initiatives for a policy for research in chemical sciences.
This project started when members of the NAO-CNR realized the quite surprising lack of an official Periodic Table of Elements in Italian, which over time generated the current use in books, websites, classes, of a variety of names for several chemical elements, especially but not only, for those most recently discovered. With the aim of providing clearness and unicity, NAO-CNR has promoted and coordinated a IUPAC project aimed at producing the first official Periodic Table of Elements in Italian [17], translation of the 2022 IUPAC Periodic Table of elements, presented in a public event in Rome on November 4th, 2024 [18].
The event aims to share with a large public, composed of researchers, academics, schoolteachers, students, not only the result of the project but also the method used to achieve this first IUPAC edition of the Periodic Table of Elements in Italian.
In particular, considering the WHY of this project, this Periodic Table in Italian is meant to provide 60 million people currently speak Italian as native language, and especially students of primary and secondary education (age range from 6 to 18 years old) in Italy, San Marino and Southern Switzerland an official and agreed-upon translated version of the 2022 IUPAC Periodic Table of elements
The HOW highlights the focus enabling to rise relevant resources, particularly a very interesting and committed team work, in which players have been native Italian speaking experts of chemistry and language, working in research, academy, schools and industry, with different backgrounds and representative of three different countries. The working method has been very interactive, merging different scientific, technical, and linguistic aspects, represented by the diversity of the team members.
This interesting process and the result of it is the WHAT disseminated for the first time to the large public in the public event in Rome. The event has been opened by a lecture on the fascinating history of the Periodic Table, delivered by Maurizio Peruzzini and a round-table discussion has followed, in which all the team members have shared with the public the work method and the reasons of the choice of the official Italian names of several chemical elements, answering to questions from the audience.
This event has been the first one of a series of dissemination events on the Periodic Table across Italy,
which will sustain and focus the key role of chemistry, from its origins up to now and the future for building a more sustainable life.
The Periodic Table of Elements is a still evolving 155 years old system, which testifies the key role of chemistry, from the past to react and respond to future challenges and societal demands.
The role of science towards sustainability
Within the trends in transformation for sustainability, science plays an important role that requires to be affirmed and considered at multilevel.
New processes are on track thanks to “enabling solutions” generated by scientific activities for new market sustainable approaches [19]. In the last ten years, green chemistry brought forward solutions to meet specific issues identified by some key SDGs. This transformation is under assessment as achievements are although partially met. An acceleration of science would be helpful towards sustainability for wider and global impacts. Transformation requires continuous Research & Innovation investment and evolving scientific activities but also requires synergies, collaborations and, last but not least, policy making on cross-cutting issues that can make this successful.
Therefore, initiatives promoted by IUPAC prompted a reflection within CNR on how improving chemists’ impact on sustainability including laboratories’ practises and on considering communication becoming part of scientific process. This reflection and action were brought to being effective by a synergy among CNR delegates representing CNR, the
Figure 3: Presentation of the IUPAC Periodic Table in Italian by Matteo Guidotti, held at CNR in Rome on 4 November 2024.
main public research institution in Italy, at the above mentioned international organizations [20]. Indeed, initiatives were also promoted by the International Science Council (ISC) for increasing the image of “science” as a “common good” for societal progress at global level, crossing all disciplinary areas, natural and social sciences.
Transformation requires resources and continuous investments in research and innovation to let evolving scientific activities as well as human synergies, collaborations and a special care of policy making on cross-cutting issues.
Overall, global initiatives in the framework of international scientific organizations, represent a key global vehicle for enhancing the big area of science communication. By overcoming time and spatial limitations, outreach under various and always novel forms enables to strategically connect global and locally tailored events dedicated to sustainability.
1. Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission, Schuurbiers, D.; Szavics, P.; Ritschkoff, A.; Browne, J.; Butkevičienė, E; Paci, A.; Fleischer, M.; Klüver, L. Outreach to newcomers and societal engagement in industrial technologies : reports of the Horizon 2020 Advisory Group on nanotechnologies, advanced materials, biotechnology, and advanced manufacturing and processing (NMBP), Publications Office, 2018. https://data.europa.eu/ doi/10.2777/810639.
2. ISC strategic plan. https://council.science/news/consultationprocess-development-of-the-isc-strategic-plan-2025-2028/ 3. CNR-ICCOM dissemination activities webpage. http://www.
iccom.cnr.it/en/category/activities/dissemination-activites/cnrthird-mission/
4. ISC homepage. https://council.science/
5. Italian National Commission for IUPAC www.iupac.cnr.it
6. CHEMRAWN website. https://iupac.org/body/021
7. Video of Italian IUPAC Young Observers for the GCS 2022. https://www.iupac.cnr.it/8-news/news-en/291-globalconversation-on-sustainability-video
8. Vidal, J. L.; Borges, J. The Global Conversation on Sustainability: An IYCN/IUPAC Joint Effort to Creating a Sustainable Future Worldwide. Chem. Int. 2023, 45 (2), 10-16. https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2023-0204
9. International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development, webpage of the NAO-CNR event. https://www. iybssd2022.org/en/events/alessandro-voltas-heritage-andthe-great-challenges-for-humanity-the-past-and-the-future-ofelectrochmistry/
10. Borsacchi, S.; Guidotti, M.; Sanson, A.; Minguzzi, A.; Pozzi, A.; Paci, A. M.; Kerton, F.; Peruzzini, M. Alessandro Volta: Still Fully Charged After 200 Years. Chem. Int. 2023, 45 (2), 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2023-0205.
11. Borsacchi, S.; Peruzzini, M. Electrochemistry: from Alessandro Volta’s Genius to the Future. Pure App. Chem. 2023, 95 (11), 1127-1129. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-20232010
12. Arbizzani, C.; Lacarbonara, G. From Volta’s Pile to Lithium Ion Battery: 200 Years of Energy”. Pure App. Chem. 2023, 95 (11), 1131-1139. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-0502
13. Fabbrizzi L. The invention of Volta’s Pile and its Diffusion in Europe at War in the Year 1800”. Pure App. Chem. 2023, 95 (11), 1141-1157. https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-0504
14. ISC website-news. https://council.science/current/news/ international-decade-of-sciences-for-sustainable-development/
15. https://council.science/current/blog/engaging-young-and-earlycareer-scientists-in-the-science-policy-interface/
In PAC, the paper is part of a collection of invited papers on the activities and actions towards a sustainable future; Guest editors: João Borges (Senior Researcher at CICECO – Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Portugal; Task Group Chair of the IYCN/IUPAC Joint Project Global Conversation on Sustainability) and Juliana L. Vidal (Higher Education Program Manager at Beyond Benign; Task Group member of the IYCN/IUPAC Joint Project Global Conversation on Sustainability). It is one outcome of a recent joint IUPAC IYCN project titled ‘Global Conversation on Sustainability (GCS)’ (project 2021-034-2-041) – https://www. gcs-day.org. This project seeds upon previous initiatives and activities by the IYCN and IUPAC and is sponsored by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany and supported by other partner organizations, including Beyond Benign, the Global Young Academy (GYA), the International Sustainable Chemistry
16. Simon Sinek-The golden circle method webpage. https:// simonsinek.com/golden-circle/
17. Web site of IUPAC project “The 2022 Periodic Table of Elements in Italian” https://iupac.org/project/2024-009-2-200/
18. Presentation event of the IUPAC Periodic Table in Italian at CNR in Rome https://www.cnr.it/en/news/13031/la-tavolaperiodica-iupac-in-italiano-nomi-vecchi-e-nuovi-per-glielementi-chimici
19. Gomollón-Bel, F. and García-Martínez, J. Chemical Solutions to the Current Polycrisis. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2023, 62, e202218975. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.202218975
20. https://www.cnr.it/en/international-scientific-organizations
Feature derived from Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 96, no. 9, 2024, pp. 1291-1297, https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-20240238, and slightly revised following the experience of the 2024 presentation of the IUPAC Periodic Table in Italian.
Elisa Carignani is researcher at the Institute of Chemistry of OrganoMetallic Compounds (ICCOM) of National Research Council of Italy (CNR), in Pisa, Italy and Italian IUPAC Young Observer, https:// orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-9660
Augusta Maria Paci <augustamaria.paci@cnr.it> is Associate Technology Director, at ICCOM and CNR Deputy Delegate of Italy at International Science Council (ISC) and member of the Management Board of Euro-ISC.
Silvia Borsacchi <silvia.borsacchi@cnr.it> is also researcher at the ICCOM in Pisa, Italy, and Secretary of Italian IUPAC NAO and of IUPAC CHEMRAWN Committee, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-0719 Maurizio Peruzzini is Emeritus CNR Research Director, of the ICCOM) in Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy and a member of Italian IUPAC NAO and Associate Member of IUPAC CHEMRAWN Committee, https:// orcid.org/0000-0002-2708-3964.
Collaborative Centre (ISC3), the Chemicals & Waste Youth Platform (CWYP) of The UN Major Group For Children & Youth (UNEPMGCY), or the International Year of Basic Sciences for Sustainable Development 2022 (IYBSSD2022). The GCS project aims to aid in tackling the UN SDGs by (i) raising awareness and encouraging conversations among diverse stakeholders, including university scientists, governmental and non-governmental organizations, business entities, and the whole scientific community on implementing sustainable solutions globally on a chemistry basis, (ii) communicating local activities that could be applied at national and international levels, (iii) connecting and engaging young and established scientists, as well as the general public in taking effective actions for a sustainable future, and keeping track of their progress, and (iv) launching synergies and collaborations across different countries, cultures, and continents to further implement the practices discussed.
by Karen Raubenheimer Senior Lecturer, University of Wollongong
It’s been 20 years since a paper in the journal Science showed the environmental accumulation of tiny plastic fragments and fibres. It named the particles “microplastics.”
The paper opened an entire research field. Since then, more than 7,000 published studies have shown the prevalence of microplastics in the environment, in wildlife and in the human body.
So what have we learned? In a paper released 19 Sep 2024, an international group of experts, including myself, summarise the current state of knowledge. (Richard C. Thompson et al. ,Twenty years of microplastic pollution research—what have we learned?. Science386,eadl2746(2024).DOI:10.1126/science. adl2746)
In short, microplastics are widespread, accumulating in the remotest parts of our planet. There is evidence of their toxic effects at every level of biological organisation, from tiny insects at the bottom of the food chain to apex predators.
Microplastics are pervasive in food and drink and
have been detected throughout the human body. Evidence of their harmful effects is emerging.
The scientific evidence is now more than sufficient: collective global action is urgently needed to tackle microplastics—and the problem has never been more pressing.
Microplastics are generally accepted as plastic particles 5mm or less in one dimension.
Some microplastics are intentionally added to products, such as microbeads in facial soaps.
Others are produced unintentionally when bigger plastic items break down – for example, fibres released when you wash a polyester fleece jacket.
Studies have identified some of the main sources of microplastics as:
• cosmetic cleansers
• synthetic textiles
• vehicle tyres
• plastic-coated fertilisers
• plastic film used as mulch in agriculture
• fishing rope and netting
• “crumb rubber infill” used in artificial turf
• plastics recycling.
A graphic of where microplastics come from, including paint, textiles, personal care products and tyres
Science hasn’t yet determined the rate at which larger plastics break down into microplastics. They are also still researching how quickly microplastics become “nanoplastics”—even smaller particles invisible to the eye.
It’s difficult to assess the volume of microplastics in the air, soil and water. But researchers have attempted it.
For example, a 2020 study estimated between 0.8 and three million tonnes of microplastics enter Earth’s oceans in a year.
And a recent report suggests leakage into the environment on land could be three to ten times greater than that to oceans. If correct, it means between ten and 40 million tonnes in total.
The news gets worse. By 2040, microplastic releases to the environment could more than double. Even if humans stopped the flow of microplastics into the environment, the breakdown of bigger plastics would continue.
Microplastics have been detected in more than 1,300 animal species, including fish, mammals, birds and insects.
Some animals mistake the particles for food and ingest it, leading to harm such as blocked intestines. Animals are also harmed when the plastics inside them release the chemicals they contain – or those hitch-hiking on them.
Microplastics have been identified in the water we drink, the air we breathe and the food we eat – including seafood, table salt, honey, sugar, beer and tea.
Sometimes the contamination occurs in the environment. Other times it’s the result of food processing, packaging and handling.
More data is needed on microplastics in human foods such as land-animal products, cereals, grains, fruits, vegetables, beverages, spices, and oils and fats.
The concentrations of microplastics in foods vary widely – which means exposure levels in humans around the world also varies. However, some estimates, such as humans ingesting a credit card’s worth of plastic every week, are gross overstatements.
As equipment has advanced, scientists have identified smaller particles. They’ve found microplastics in our lungs, livers, kidneys, blood and reproductive organs. Microplastics have crossed protective barriers into our brains and hearts.
While we eliminate some microplastics through urine, faeces and our lungs, many persist in our bodies for a long time.
So what effect does this have on the health of humans and other organisms? Over the years, scientists have changed the way they measure this.
They initially used high doses of microplastics in laboratory tests. Now they use a more realistic dose
that better represents what we and other creatures are actually exposed to.
And the nature of microplastics differ. For example, they contain different chemicals and interact differently with liquids or sunlight. And species of organisms, including humans, themselves vary between individuals.
Impact of Microplastics – IUPAC project 2019-026-2-600
The Environment, Health and Food Safety Impact of Microplastics is the subject of a project lead by the IUPAC Chemistry and the Environment Division. The objective is to provide scientists, policy makers, regulators, industry and general public a better understanding on the emerging issue of microplastics by analyzing the existing data, reviewing the scientific methods, tracing the source, revealing the fate, and evaluating the impact on environment and food safety, aiming to recommend future efforts to solve this globally challenging problem. The project integrates the chemistry expertise from members in all disciplines represented in IUPAC Divisions and the Committee on Chemistry and Industry. The outcome will strengthen the role of IUPAC in contributing to solve environmental problems and enhancing the quality of food and life on a global scale.
For more information and comment, contact Task Group Chair Weiping Wu <wuwp01@outlook.com> | https://iupac.org/ project/2019-026-2-600
This complicates scientists’ ability to conclusively link microplastics exposure with effects.
In regards to humans, progress is being made. In coming years, expect greater clarity about effects on our bodies such as:
• inflammation
• oxidative stress (an imbalance of free radicals and antioxidants that damages cells)
• immune responses
• genotoxicity – damage to the genetic information in a cell that causes mutations, which can lead to cancer.
Public concern about microplastics is growing. This is compounded by our likely long-term exposure, given microplastics are almost impossible to remove from the environment.
Microplastic pollution is the result of human actions and decisions. We created the problem – and now we must create the solution.
Some countries have implemented laws regulating microplastics. But this is insufficient to address the challenge. That’s where a new legally binding agreement, the UN’s Global Plastics Treaty, offers an important opportunity. The fifth round of negotiations begins in November.
The treaty aims to reduce global production of plastics. But the deal must also include measures to reduce microplastics specifically.
Ultimately, plastics must be redesigned to prevent microplastics being released. And individuals and communities must be brought on board, to drive support for government policies.
After 20 years of microplastics research, there is more work to be done. But we have more than enough evidence to act now.
This article was first published in The Conversation September 19, 2024 and reprinted under a Creative Commons license.
Read the original article online <https://theconversation.com/scientistsreviewed-7-000-studies-on-microplastics-their-alarming-conclusionputs-humanity-on-notice-239105>
News and information on IUPAC, its fellows, and member organizations. See also www.iupac.org/news
Standard atomic weights of three technology critical elements revised
The IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (IUPAC CIAAW) regularly reviews literature data, leading to the identification of advancements in measurement science which leads to formal revisions of the recommended atomic weights of the elements (known as the standard atomic weight). This occurs rather infrequently, each element being affected, on average, once every two decades.
The CIAAW met in August 2023 in the Hague, the Netherlands under the chairmanship of Johanna Irrgeher (Montanuniversität Leoben, Austria). Following this meeting, the CIAAW recommends changes to the standard atomic weights of gadolinium (Gd), lutetium (Lu), and zirconium (Zr) based on recent determinations and evaluations of their terrestrial isotopic abundances:
• gadolinium: to 157.249 ± 0.002 from 157.25 ± 0.03
• lutetium: to 174.966 69 ± 0.000 05 from 174.9668 ± 0.0001
• zirconium: to 91.222 ± 0.003 from 91.224 ± 0.002
The CIAAW notes that the standard atomic weight of gadolinium was last revised in 1969 based on isotopic abundance measurements made in the 1940s. Since then, several studies dedicated to the measurement of the isotopic composition of gadolinium have been published which warrant a revised standard atomic weight. For lutetium and zirconium, there are more recent measurements available and their standard atomic
weights were last revised by IUPAC in 2007 and 1983, respectively. These changes and considerations will be published in Pure and Applied Chemistry and can be found online at the website of the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights (ciaaw.org).
The importance of determining precise atomic weights has long been recognized, resulting in the creation of the International Atomic Weights Committee in 1899, now known as the IUPAC Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights.
<https://iupac.org/standard-atomic-weights-of-three-technologycritical-elements-revised/>
IUPAC raised $1 million as an endowment to create a significant award recognizing advances in Sustainable Chemistry.
In a signing ceremony hosted on 11 October by Wen-Chang Chen, President of the National Taiwan University, IUPAC President Ehud Keinan and Raymond Soong, the founder of LITEON Technology, signed an agreement to secure an endowment fund devoted to the recognition of excellence and progress in Sustainable Chemistry. The restricted funds will establish an annual prize of 30 000 US dollars, which will be first presented next year during the IUPAC World Chemistry Congress in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The awardee will also give a public lecture at National Taiwan University within two years of receiving the Prize.
Soong, a strong supporter of academia, recognizes the pivotal role played by a university education in nurturing talent. He hopes that this Award will not only catalyze focus on global emerging challenges but also attract top-tier scholars and researchers from around the world to address these issues.
“IUPAC is grateful for this outstanding donation and humbled by the challenge. The annual award will recognize exceptional scientists who have achieved breakthrough discoveries in sustainable chemistry worldwide. The IUPAC-Soong Prize will encourage further research to meet the most pressing challenges jeopardizing humanity and Planet Earth,” said Ehud Keinan.
Raymond Soong said: “Sustainable development is essential for the planet’s and humanity’s survival as we confront significant threats across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. Addressing these challenges
requires a concerted effort from governments, businesses, universities, and individuals. Recognizing the crucial role of education in cultivating talent and advancing sustainable development, I am pleased to offer my support through IUPAC, in the hope of uniting academia and various sectors of society to pursue the shared vision of global sustainability. In addition to the formal Prize ceremony, we’ll happily host the Prize laureate in Taiwan, thereby exposing young Taiwanese scholars to the cutting edge of sustainable chemistry.”
Wen-Chang Chen said: “As sustainability becomes an increasingly relevant issue globally, how to use fundamental science to address these challenges has become increasingly critical. I am very pleased to see IUPAC’s initiative in establishing an Award of Sustainable Chemistry to inspire chemists to join this effort. NTU is proud to play a role by providing a platform for exchanging academic insights and practical solutions.”
Raymond Soong, a pioneer of Taiwan’s optoelectronics industry, is a crucial figure craving the path of core optoelectronic and critical electronics component developments. Soong founded LITEON Technology in 1975, which set the trend for Taiwan’s in-house LED R&D and production, and LITEON Technology later became Taiwan’s first listed electronics company in 1983. Leading LITEON for almost half a century, Soong’s humbleness and discipline nurtured LITEON’s unique corporate culture of diligence and reliability. Coming a long way since its humble beginnings, Taiwan, known as a high-tech island, now plays a key role in the global supply chain. LITEON continues to build a multinational scope, seeking new opportunities and demonstrating its resilience and grassroots venture, and Soong plays a monumental role in it
IUPAC President Ehud Keinan and Raymond Soong display a signed agreement to secure an endowment fund devoted to the recognition of Sustainable Chemistry.
For further information, contact Ehud Keinan, President, IUPAC, at ekeinan@iupac.org or visit <https://iupac.org/what-we-do/awards/iupacsoong-prize/>
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO), in partnership with PhosAgro Group and IUPAC, has awarded research grants in the field of green chemistry to the world’s top young scientists for the eighth consecutive year. The first grants to talented young scientists for green chemistry research were awarded 10 years ago, in September 2014.
This year’s ceremony was held in Beijing as part of the 10th IUPAC International Conference on Green Chemistry, sponsored by PhosAgro. The conference, co-organised by the Chinese Chemical Society and the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, included around 1,000 delegates from 56 countries. As part of the conference, the international scientific symposium “PhosAgro/UNESCO/IUPAC: Green Chemistry for Sustainable Development and Better Living” was also held.
The award ceremony and symposium were attended by Lidia Brito, UNESCO Assistant DirectorGeneral for Natural Sciences; Ehud Keinan, President of IUPAC; Christopher Brett, Vice-President of the Scientific Advisory Board of UNESCO’s International Basic Sciences Programme (IBSP) and past-President of IUPAC; Shahbaz Khan, Director of UNESCO’s East Asia Regional Office; Natalia Tarasova, Director of the Institute of Chemistry and Sustainable Development at the D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology
of Russia and past-President of IUPAC; and Siroj Loikov, First Deputy CEO of PhosAgro. The international scientific jury selected 7 winners, whose research is aimed at developing breakthrough technologies in environmental protection, healthcare, food security, energy efficiency and the sustainable use of natural resources.
The laureates’ research focuses on the development of environmentally friendly technologies for processing food waste (Paola Mello, Brazil); improving the efficiency of bacterial processing of agricultural and industrial waste (Bogdan Karlinsky, Russia); creating an analytical sensor for monitoring water pollution by heavy metals (Abdelmoneim Mars, Tunisia); producing bioplastics using 3D printing from fish protein and eco-friendly solvents (Adewale Giwa, UAE); improving the bioavailability of artemisinin, a key component in the treatment of malaria, using natural excipients (Monia Andreia Rodrigues Martins, Portugal); and developing slow-release fertilisers to minimise nutrient loss (Hassan Anwar, Pakistan).
Ivan Nikulin (Russia) was the recipient of a special grant to implement a project on phosphogypsum processing. His project involves an integrated technology for processing by-products from phosphoric acid production to obtain organomineral fertilisers, rare earth elements and their concentrates, gypsum binders and construction materials based on them.
UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences Lydia Brito said: “For over 10 years, UNESCO, IUPAC and PhosAgro have collaborated through the
partnership in “Green Chemistry for Life”. So far, 55 projects have been funded and 48 have been completed. I want to thank PhosAgro for its long-standing partnership with UNESCO and IUPAC. The collaboration is a strong example of how green chemistry can tackle global challenges.”
IUPAC President Ehud Keinan said: “We very much appreciate 10 years of collaboration with PhosAgro and UNESCO on something which is very important and influential, the idea of promoting research in the direction of green chemistry and related topics. This is important for the sake of research, but also sends a signal to the rest of the world that this area is something we need to evaluate—not only within IUPAC as the leader of the chemistry community worldwide, but also both in academia and industry, and the entire world. I appreciate this initiative and those who started this program 10 years ago.”
First Deputy CEO of PJSC PhosAgro Siroj Loikov said: “As a global company, we feel our responsibility to future generations. We produce eco-friendly fertilisers that do not contain concentrations of toxic substances that are hazardous to human health and soils. They are in high demand in 100 countries across all inhabited continents. Business has a key role to play in the sustainable development of the planet. Accordingly, we are grateful to our long-standing partners UNESCO and IUPAC, who supported the idea of launching a Green Chemistry programme 10 years ago. It has been a life-changing initiative for dozens of young scientists
from Russia and 32 countries across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, Europe and Latin America. I wish the winners continued achievements and success in their noble and essential profession!”
The partnership with UNESCO and IUPAC has become an important part of the comprehensive support that PhosAgro provides to talented researchers across the globe. Each year, the company holds Green Chemistry Summer Schools that bring together hundreds of scientists from around the world. Since 2022, a scholarship programme has been implemented to support students at D.I. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia (MUCTR). Sixty gifted students have already become laureates of the N.P. Lavyorov Scholarship Competition.
See <https://iupac.org/green-chemistry-for-life-grants-presented-totop-young-scientists-2/>
Chemistry and its adjacent subject areas are undergoing a revolution when it comes to data management, and topics such as sustainability, energy, food security, and health. As the global organisation that provides a common language for chemistry, advocates the free exchange of scientific information, and fosters sustainable development, IUPAC must plan its scientific strategy to foresee the next areas in chemistry that will need clear guidelines on standardisation and evaluated chemical data. Since January 2024, IUPAC is governed by its Officers and the Executive Board, under the oversight of the Council, while IUPAC scientific activities are overseen and managed by the Science Board.
At its next General Assembly in Kuala Lumpur in July 2025, the IUPAC Council will be asked to elect a Vice President, a Treasurer, and members of the Executive Board and Science Board. IUPAC National Adhering Organizations are invited to submit nominations no later than 31 March 2025.
On 1 January 2026, Mary Garson (Australia), Vice President and President-Elect of IUPAC, will become President. Ehud Keinan (Israel), current President, will become Past President and remain an officer and a member of the Executive Board for a period of two
years, while Javier García-Martínez (Spain), current Past President, will retire. Nominations for Vice President position are invited
Treasurer Wolfram Koch (Germany) was elected by the Council in August 2021 for a four-year term. While eligible for re-election, Wolfram Koch confirmed that he will retire at the end of 2025. Nominations for Treasurer are invited
On both the Executive Board and Science Board, the period of service of the Elected Members is two years, and these five Members elected by Council are eligible for re-election to the same position for a second two-year term. The periods of service shall be arranged in such a way as to ensure continuity. The principle of fair geographical and gender representation of Members shall be taken into account, as stipulated in the IUPAC Statutes. All current Elected Members are eligible for re-election. Nominations are invited
Further information on these roles can be found by contacting the Secretary General, Zoltán Mester (zmester@iupac.org), or in the IUPAC Statutes and Bylaws.
https://iupac.org/iupac-elections-for-the-2026-2027-term-call-fornominations/
2025
Crop
The International Award for Advances in Harmonized Approaches to Crop Protection Chemistry recognizes individuals in government, intergovernmental organizations, academia, and industry who have exercised personal leadership for outstanding regulatory, public policy, and/ or educational contributions supporting international harmonization of crop protection chemistry. The award is administered by the IUPAC Advisory Committee on Crop Protection Chemistry, a subcommittee of the Chemistry and the Environment Division of IUPAC, and is presented on a roughly biennial basis.
The next award will be presented as part of the Agrochemicals Division program for the Fall 2025 American Chemical Society meeting in Washington DC, USA, during August 17-21, 2025. Awardees receive an honorarium of $3000 plus travel and registration
reimbursement of up to $2500 to provide an in-person presentation and attend the award presentation ceremony. The awardee is expected to publish a review article on the topic of their lecture in the IUPAC journal Pure and Applied Chemistry
Nominations are due by 1 February 2025
Thanks to Corteva Agriscience for their continuing sponsorship of this award.
Past Awardees:
2023 – Keith R. Solomon, University of Guelph, Canada
2019 – Mark R. Lynch (posthumously), Department of Agriculture and Food, Ireland
2016 – Daniel L. Kunkel, IR-4 Project, Rutgers, NJ, USA
2014 – Árpád Ambrus, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
2012 – Lois A. Rossi, Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
2010 – Denis J. Hamilton, Animal and Plant Service, Queensland Department of Primary Industries, Brisbane, Australia
https://iupac.org/2025-iupac-international-award-for-advancesin-harmonized-approaches-to-crop-protection-chemistry-call-fornominations/
For this round, the awards will be presented at the 2025 IUPAC Congress, to be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, from 11-18 July 2025. Each awardee will be invited to present a poster on their research and to participate in a plenary award session, and is invited to submit a review article for publication in Pure and Applied Chemistry
Who can enter?
• You must have completed your PhD in the 2024 calendar year, including your defense.
• Your PhD must be from an institution based in an IUPAC member country/territory
• Your PhD must be in the field of chemical sciences: “chemistry and those disciplines and technologies that make significant use of chemistry.”
All entries are due before 15 February 2025 and can only be submitted online
https://iupac.org/2025-iupac-solvay-international-award-for-youngchemists-call-for-applicants/
A2025 IUPAC-Solvay International Award for Young Chemists—Call for applicants
The IUPAC-SOLVAY International Award for Young Chemists is intended to encourage outstanding young research scientists at the beginning of their careers. The awards are given for the most outstanding Ph.D. theses in the general area of the chemical sciences, as described in a short essay. The award is generously sponsored by Solvay.
Each year, IUPAC awards up to five prizes. Each prize consists of a USD $1000 cash award and up to US$1000 towards travel expenses to attend the next IUPAC Congress, where the awards will be presented. The Union makes an effort to ensure fair geographic distribution of prizes, in keeping with IUPAC’s status as a global organization.
s environmental, technological and societal change join forces to disrupt human and planetary health, the world must get better at tracking and responding to a host of emerging challenges, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Science Council (ISC), released last July.
Navigating New Horizons—A Global Foresight Report on Planetary Health and Human Wellbeing identifies eight critical global shifts that are accelerating the triple planetary crisis of climate change, nature and biodiversity loss, and pollution and waste. The shifts include humanity’s degradation of the natural world, the rapid development of technologies such as AI, competition for natural resources, widening inequalities and declining trust in institutions. These shifts are creating a polycrisis, in which global crises are amplifying, accelerating, and synchronizing—with huge implications for human and planetary wellbeing.
Eighteen accompanying signals of change—identified by hundreds of global experts through regional and stakeholder consultations that included youth—offer a deeper glimpse into potential disruptions, both positive and negative, that the world must prepare for.
A
Key shifts and signals of change outlined in the report include:
• The demand for critical rare earth elements, minerals, and metals to fuel the transition to net-zero is expected to increase fourfold by 2040, increasing calls for deep sea mining and even space mining. This poses potential threats to nature and biodiversity, could increase pollution and waste, and spark more conflicts.
• As permafrost thaws on a warming planet, ancient organisms that may be pathogenic could be released, resulting in major environmental, animal and human impacts. This phenomenon has already led to an outbreak of anthrax in Siberia.
• While AI and digital transformation can bring benefits, there are environmental implications— such as increased demand for critical minerals and rare earth elements and water resources to meet data center demands. The use of AI in weapons systems and military applications, and
the development of synthetic biology, need careful review through an environmental lens.
• Armed conflict and violence are rising and evolving. These conflicts result in ecosystem degradation and pollution, leading to repercussions for vulnerable populations.
• Forced displacement is increasing human health and environmental impacts. One in every 69 people is now forcibly displaced—nearly double the figures from a decade ago. Conflict and climate change are key drivers.
However, the report finds that using foresight tools can help the world to anticipate and prepare for the next emerging challenges and future disruptions.
Peter Gluckman, President of the ISC, said, “Foresight provides a useful set of tools to step outside of short-termism to help identify future opportunities and risks provided that it is done in a truly pluralistic manner, transcending narrow institutional mandates, sectors and other artificial divides that constrain our framing of the problems and the solutions.”
The report recommends adopting a new social contract that engages a diverse range of stakeholders, including indigenous people; giving young people a stronger voice; and rethinking measures of progress to go beyond GDP.
Governments and societies can also introduce shorter term targets and indicators that allow them to be more agile in governance. Ushering in tools and actions to reconfigure financial systems and reroute capital flows—a positive signal of change in the report—could help to reduce inequalities, eradicate extreme poverty and address environmental crises.
Supporting agile and adaptive governance would require better monitoring and assessment of interventions. This includes integrating and improving monitoring on environmental change, and making data and knowledge more accessible.
Just as the impacts of multiple crises are amplifying harm to environmental and human health, the solutions are in sight and actions are underway that would address the global shifts and signals of change identified in the report. Foresight can help to accelerate these actions and spark many more.
Reproduced from https://council.science/news/global-foresight-report
Morton Z. Hoffman, a beloved professor, esteemed researcher, and devoted family man, passed away suddenly on September 24, 2024. A giving humanitarian with a vibrant and always present sense of humor, Mort was born on April 22, 1935, to Martha and David Hoffman and raised in the Bronx with sister, Anne Hoffman (survived by).
It was there he developed a deep love for the city’s cultural activities and museums. As a teenager, he spent countless hours at the New York Public Library, indulging in his passion for nonfiction humor. He played punchball in the streets, tennis in local parks, and was an avid baseball fan. (Watching, not playing!)
Mort’s academic journey began at the Bronx High School of Science, where his aptitude for math and science flourished. He went on to earn a bachelor’s degree in chemistry from Hunter College of the City of New York, followed by an M.S. and Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Michigan. He furthered his research as a postdoctoral research associate in photochemistry at Sheffield University in England.
In 1961, Mort joined the faculty of Boston University as a Professor of Chemistry, embarking on a remarkable 44-year career. He taught a wide range of courses to thousands of students, both at the undergraduate and graduate levels. He was incredibly proud and honored to have impacted the many students along the way. Mort’s research in solar energy conversion and the effects of ionizing radiation garnered him over 200 published articles and numerous book chapters in chemical literature. He received many research grants, collaborated with colleagues globally and developed deep friendships with many in the scientific community. Mort’s dedication to teaching and his innovative approaches to chemistry education earned him numerous honors and awards throughout his career. He was named a Fellow of the American Chemical Society, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. He received the Metcalf Cup and Prize for Excellence in Teaching from BU, the Outstanding Professional Achievement Award from the Alumni Association of Hunter College, the Volunteer Service Award from the American Chemical Society, and the Distinguished Contribution to Chemistry Education Award from IUPAC.
Beyond his professional achievements, Mort found great joy in his family life. He embraced the community in Sharon, MA with his wife, Sandy, with whom he was married for over 56 years. Sandy was an accomplished educator and taught business courses at various institutions. Together, they raised two daughters, Linda (Mike Fernando) and Julie (Larry Gracer), were blessed with four equally wonderful grandchildren, Olivia, Kyle, Sydney, and Zachary, who were Mort and Sandy’s greatest joys. Together, they enjoyed traveling all over the world and especially with their grandkids, spoiling them on exotic trips. As avid Red Sox fans, Mort and Sandy followed their beloved team around the country. They also enjoyed attending a variety of performing arts events. Later, Mort lived with Sandy in Norton, MA, and then finally at The Whitney Place in Medway, MA. In retirement, Mort remained active in volunteer work with the American Chemical Society and served on the Board of Directors of the Malta Conferences Foundation. His love for the arts continued as he streamed concerts and plays frequently, and participated in virtual webinars and conferences. Mort’s passion for learning and his dedication to his field never wavered. Mort will be remembered as a brilliant educator, a respected researcher, and a loving family man with a joyful and witty sense of humor. His impact on the field of chemistry and the lives of his students and colleagues will be felt for generations to come. He leaves behind a legacy of excellence, curiosity, and a deep appreciation for the arts. Mort’s memory will forever be cherished by his family, friends, and the scientific community.
Obituary published on Legacy.com by Schlossberg Family’s Chapel on the Hill - Canton on Sep. 27, 2024.
Information about new, current, and complete IUPAC projects and related initiatives.
See also www.iupac.org/projects
Advanced methods for assessment of risks of false decisions in analytical chemistry (testing) laboratories— basic concepts and associated terms
There are three main documents by ISO and IEC for risk management: ISO 31000:2018 “Risk management—Guidelines”, IEC 31010:2019 “Risk management—Risk assessment techniques”, and ISO 31073:2022 “Risk management—Vocabulary”. These documents provide a common approach (based on the risk assessment) for the management of any type of risk and are not industry- or sector- specific. They can be customized to any organization, and are applicable to any activity, including decision-making. However, the authors of the documents (ISO/TC 262) emphasize that in practice the concepts and terminology need to be adapted to the field or discipline of application, to avoid misinterpretation, misrepresentation, or misuse.
During the past decade several IUPAC projects have been dedicated to risk assessment in an analytical laboratory:
1. A position paper of the IUPAC project team (project 2014-027-1-500) on the risks of false decisions originated by human errors (2013), https://doi.org/10.1007/ s00769-012-0934-y, has reached about 16000 readers (ResearchGate, 25 July 2024). The IUPAC/CITAC Guide on assessment of the risks caused by human errors (2016), https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2016-0520, was implemented recently even in such unexpected fields as medicine (2023), https://doi.org/10.21037/ jlpm-23-7, and military equipment testing (2024),
A technician preparing to run microbial genomes on the Roche 454 sequencing platform at the Advanced Technology Research Facility (ATRF), Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute.
https://doi.org/10.37701/dndivsovt.20.2024.15
2. The topic of risks of false decisions in conformity assessment due to measurement uncertainty was initially addressed in the IUPAC/CITAC Guide on assessment of the risks of out-of-specification test results of a single component content (2012), https:// doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REP-11-10-04. It was further developed in the IUPAC/CITAC Guide for multicomponent objects, when test results may be correlated (2020), https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0906; and in the IUPAC/CITAC Guide for multicomponent objects under a mass balance constraint (2023), https://doi. org/10.1515/pac-2022-0801
In the current project a harmonization of basic concepts and associated terms applied in advanced methods for assessment of the risks is offered. This harmonization will contribute to quality assurance wherever measurements and tests are made in analytical chemistry (testing) laboratories, in industry, trade, environmental analysis, or another field. The project will also contribute to the IUPAC Mission “providing a common language for chemistry”.
For more information and comment, contact Task Group Chair Ilya Kuselman <ilya.kuselman@gmail.com> | https://iupac.org/project/2024-012-2-500/
HELM (Hierarchical Editing Language for Macromolecules) is a machine-readable linear notation for representing biopolymers, including peptides,
Neu5Ac(a6 -U "9Ac")Gal(b4)GlcNAc(b2)Man(a6) [Gal(b4 -U "3S")GlcNAc(b2)Man(a3)]Man(b4) GlcNAc(b4)[Fuc(a6)]GlcNAc(b)Asn(-CHAR)
Example of structure generated using DrawGlycan-SNFG shown with the IUPAC string used to generate it; from <http://www.virtualglycome.org/DrawGlycan/>
antibodies, other oligonucleotides and therapeutic proteins. HELM has been developed and supported by the Pistoia Alliance since 2013 through an active user community and member organizations. As of 2021, HELM is a mature digital motif with demonstrated efficacy and applicability in informatics and structure representation. The HELM notation is now jointly stewarded by IUPAC and the Pistoia Alliance.
The scope of HELM monomers presently includes only amino acids and nucleic acids. However, carbohydrates are branching biopolymers and are difficult to represent using a linear notation. Thus, rules are needed to ensure that they are represented uniquely.
The introduction of monosaccharides as monomers to HELM notation would provide a standardized representation of glycoconjugates, including glycoproteins and glycolipids in addition to glycosides. Such molecules can be used to represent substrates for glycosyltransferase enzymes, for example, as can be seen in the Gene Ontology, Reactome, and other pathway databases.
The initial set of monomers identified by the Pistoia Alliance is based on the well-established convention for the pictorial display of structures: Symbol Nomenclature For Glycans (SNFG), recommended for submission to major journal and other publications. The SNFG system was originally released in 2015, building on earlier symbolic notation in coordination with the IUPAC-IUBMB Joint Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature (JCBN) and other community resources [1]. The approach to represent glycans in HELM outlined by the Pistoia Alliance describes the use of SNFG for nomenclature and display.
The project will work through several objectives, including:
• Update HELM notation to include appropriate methodology to properly represent glycan moieties
• Establish a set of commonly used glycan monomers (e.g., found in public databases)
• Establish a validation data set to ensure appropriate implementation of the IUPAC HELM glycan extensions
• Represent glycan-containing structures using the newly established HELM glycan extensions
• Work with the stakeholder communities to adopt HELM glycan extensions
Addition of glycan monomers by HELM would provide critical support for machine readable large molecule representation and extend the utility of the HELM line notation. Furthermore, this effort would be able to better inform the IUPAC InChI large molecule initiative.
1. Symbol Nomenclature for Graphical Representation of Glycans, Glycobiology 25: 1323-1324, 2015. https://doi. org/10.1093/glycob/cwv091
For more information and comment, contact Task Group Chairs Kiyoko Aoki-Kinoshita or Evan Bolton <bolton@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov> | https://iupac. org/project/2024-011-1-024/
Artificial molecular machines (AMMs) are molecular-scale “devices” that, despite disagreements on how best to define them, dissipate energy and convert inputs to outputs in general, often in service of some prescribed function. The field of research on AMMs is reaching unprecedented levels of complexity with regard to the diversity of AMMs reported in the literature. As yet, there appears to be no consensus on the exact meaning of “molecular machine” and many associated words such as “molecular motor” and “molecular pump.”
The objective of the project is therefore to identify, review, and summarize the terminology that is used in the literature to discuss artificial molecular machines, including terms such as artificial molecular machine, molecular switch, molecular motor, molecular pump, and numerous others (pulleys, gates, transporters, walkers, muscles, drills, etc). There may be a need to consolidate and rectify terminological discrepancies in the literature associated with these frequently-used words because it leads to frequent confusion and unproductive debate among researchers in the field (see, for example, https://cen.acs.org/materials/Chemistsdebate-fuel-molecular-machines/101/i5 and https://doi. org/10.1038/s41565-022-01247-5).
The major outcome of the project will be a Technical Report, with an overview of the terminology employed in the chemical literature on artificial molecular machines, potentially identifying the need for a unified nomenclature, and highlighting differences and similarities with the field of biological molecular machines. The Technical Report to be published in Pure and Applied Chemistry will provide the background for a prospective IUPAC Recommendation.
For more information and comment, contact Task Group Chair
Carson J. Bruns <carson.bruns@colorado.edu> | https://iupac.org/ project/2024-004-2-100/
Per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have become an issue of global concern. PFAS are a large and diverse set of compounds with a wide variety of physical, chemical, and toxicological properties. Some PFAS are persistent, bioaccumulate, and are highly toxic, others are not. Many commercially important agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) replacements are PFAS. The European Commission is considering a proposal to ban all PFAS which has led to concerns being raised by industry. Several definitions of PFAS are in use. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) defines PFAS as “substances containing at least one aliphatic CF2 or CF3 element.” The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency defines PFAS as “per- and polyfluorinated substances that structurally contain the unit R–(CF2)–C(F) (R1)R2. Both the CF2 and CF moieties are saturated carbons and none of the R groups (R, R1, or R2) can be hydrogen.”
Different definitions of PFAS lead to confusion in technical, regulatory, and public discussions. For example, it has been shown that trifluoroacetic acid (CF3C(O)OH) is a potential degradation product of many agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, polymers, and CFC replacements. This leads to the question of do these chemicals degrade to give PFAS? Using ECHA definition the answer is “yes,” while using the U.S. EPA definition the answer is “no.” IUPAC has initiated a project to collect, and critically analyze existing information, providing a rigorous definition for PFAS, and standardizing terminology, classification, and nomenclature. The outcomes will benefit the global scientific, regulatory,
Is trifluoroacetic acid a PFAS? (Structure from PUBCHEM)
and industrial communities, by means of a common terminology and a harmonized communication on PFAS. It will align with the IUPAC mission of providing a common language for chemistry and promoting free exchange of scientific information. These findings are expected to help national and global regulation and policy decisions, by filling information gaps and allowing targeted education campaigns.
For more information and comment, contact Task Group Chair T. J. Wallington <twalling@umich.edu> or P. Metrangolo <pierangelo. metrangolo@polimi.it> | https://iupac.org/project/2024-006-3-100/
The world benefits when the research output of a chemistry student is commercialized to give a useful product. This requires an entrepreneurial mindset and understanding of the requirements of starting and running a business unit. The objective of a project recently initiated by the Committee on Chemistry and Industry is to create awareness about “Chemistry Entrepreneurship” and motivate chemistry students to become entrepreneurs. The project will help create more awareness of the opportunities and challenges in entrepreneurship and build bridges between academia and industry.
To achieve this objective, a series of webinars with successful entrepreneurs sharing their learnings and experiences is being planned. The first of such webinars, “Catalyzing Chemistry Entrepreneurship” took place on September 10 and featured Javier García Martínez and was moderated by Miguel Jimenez. The abstract of the main presentation is reproduced on the following pages.
A second webinar titled “From Lab to Market“ was staged on 22 November and featured Vladimir Gubala, current President of the Chemistry and Human Health Division and Chief Scientific Officer and co-founder of
by Javier García Martínez
Chemistry is a global endeavor that has greatly contributed to improving our quality of life by protecting us against illness and by putting food and clean water on our table [1]. But now, our global challenges are so big that only if we focus all our efforts in solving our most pressing problems we can create a sustainable and better future for all [2]. From climate change to our dependence on finite natural resources, many of our most global challenges require a technical solution that only better science and technology in general and chemistry in particular can provide [3]. During its almost 100 years of existence, IUPAC has created universally accepted chemistry nomenclature and terminology as well as a global platform to discuss and advance some of the most relevant topics on pure and applied chemistry.
Chemistry education is of particular importance. We must train, engage, and inspire the new generation of young chemists able and committed to building a more sustainable future [4-5]. In order to get there, science education, from primary school to college, needs to be reinvented to put the student at the center of the learning process and provide him or her with the skills needed to become a more complete and creative scientist.
There is still a significant gap between academia and industry that needs to be bridged by bold entrepreneurs able to connect these two worlds and successfully commercialize the new and exciting research carried out in universities. Entrepreneurship is another important part of the equation, taking the discoveries made in the lab to the market place is essential to implementing the solutions we need, and scientists have a key role to play here [6,7]
Steps Involved in the Creation, Growth, and Exit of a Company, duplicated from Frank L. Jaksch, Chapter 1, We Need an Entrepreneurial Culture in Chemistry: Do You Have What It Takes to be a Chemistry Entrepreneur? in Chemistry Entrepreneurship, Wiley-VCH (2022), edited by J. GarciaMartinez and K. Li.
1. E. Serrano Torregrosa, J. Garcia Martinez, The Chemical Element: Chemistry´s Contributions to our Global Challenges, WILEY-VCH (2011)
2. F. Gomollón‐Bel, J García‐Martínez, Chemical solutions to the current polycrisis, Angewandte Chemie 135 (25), e202218975 (2023)
3. F. Gomollón-Bel, J García-Martínez, Emerging chemistry technologies for a better world, Nature Chemistry 14 (2), 113114 (2022)
4. E. Serrano Torregrosa, J. Garcia Martinez, Chemistry Education: Best Practices, Opportunities and Trends, WILEYVCH (2014)
5. J. Garcia Martinez and P. Atkins, A Perspective on Chemistry Education, Chemistry International, vol. 37, no. 4, 2015, pp. 8-9. https://doi.org/10.1515/ci-2015-0403
6. J. Garcia Martinez, The Third Way: Becoming an Academic Entrepreneur, Science Careers, March 20, 2014
7. E. Li, J. Garcia Martinez, Chemistry Entrepreneurship, WILEYVCH (2021)
Webinar moderator, Miguel Jimenez, is an Assistant Professor at Boston University, where he runs el Microbial Integration Group. The group integrates engineered microorganisms with mechanical and electronic devices for applications in human health, agriculture, the environment, and entertainment. Miguel received his B.A. in Chemistry and Chemical Biology at Harvard University, with Damian Young and Stuart Schreiber as a Herchel Smith Undergraduate Fellow and then received his Ph.D. in Chemistry at Columbia University Virginia Cornish as a National Science Foundation Fellow. Miguel completed his postdoctoral work with Robert Langer at MIT as a Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH) Fellow and was most recently a Research Scientist with Giovanni Traverso at MIT.
PocDoc. PocDoc is a digital health platform developed with the vision of allowing anyone with a smartphone or tablet to test themselves for a range of major diseases or conditions via a fingerprick of blood, receive a full health assessment that puts those results in context and then be offered solutions to address any health-related issues that arise. (https://pocdoc.co/). The interview was conducted by Lene Hviid, Global Key Account Manager Metals, Shell, and member of COCI.
The next webinar will be on 5 February, and discussing “Not-for-profit and Social Entrepreneurship.” Presenter Amy Cannon, is Executive Director and Co-Founder of Beyond Benign (https://www. beyondbenign.org/). The organization develops and disseminates green chemistry and sustainable science educational resources that empower educators, students and the community at large to practice sustainability through chemistry. The discussion will be facilitated by Francesca Kerton, from the Memorial University of Newfoundland in Canada, and chair of IUPAC CHEMRAWN.
For more information and comment, contact Task Group Chair Bipul Saha <drbipulsaha@gmail.com> or Hemda Garelick <h.garelick@mdx.ac.uk> | https://iupac.org/project/2023-012-2-022/
by Jan Merna and Michael Hess
One of the benchmark documents of the IUPAC Polymer Division (Division IV) is the Glossary of Basic Terms in Polymer Science (IUPAC recommendations) [1]. The original document was published in English—the official language of IUPAC—however, there are numerous authorized translations existing, written in Roman characters (Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, German, Czech, Polish) and also in special characters, e.g. Chinese, Japanese, or Korean. This gave rise to the idea to put together a multilingual encyclopedia giving not only a collection of the most important terms in polymer science translated in as many languages as possible but also provide in the same text the corresponding definitions in a free, on-line available web version. Such Multilingual Encyclopedia project is supported by the Polymer Division as project 2007-008-1-400.
Today, after several years of intense work, a version in the languages simplified and traditional Chinese,
Czech, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Malay, Polish, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish is available at https://iupac.org/polymer-edu/multilingualpolymer-glossary/ or https://multilingual.iupac.org
The database was originally created by the IUPAC working group lead by Claudio dos Santos and hosted on web of Federal University of Ouro Preto. In 2021 the database was redesigned by Petr Čech (University of Chemistry and Technology Prague) and migrated to IUPAC server. Since then, inclusion of languages with special characters has been enabled like Chinese, Hebrew, Russian, and Japanese. It contains 135 basic terms in polymer science in 14 languages (Fig. 1).
The database can be searched by language or terms which can be filtered to the following classes:
• Structure (66 terms)
• Substances (44 terms)
• Reactions (25 terms)
Selecting a term (e.g. atactic macromolecule) and a click shows the translation of the term in the languages presently available, and a click on a language displays the complete IUPAC definition as published in Pure and Applied Chemistry [1] and the IUPAC Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature (The Purple Book) [2].
For another example, choose the term “irregular macromolecule.”
Some translations of this example are listed below; additional presented online include Hebrew, Polish, Chinese, Italian, Japanese, Malay.
irregular macromolecule (English)
Macromolecule, the structure of which essentially comprises the repetition of more than one type of constitutional unit, or a macromolecule the structure of which comprises constitutional units not all connected identically with respect to directional sense.
macromolécula irregular (Portugese)
Macromolécula cuja estrutura compreende essencialmente a repetição de mais de uma tipo de unidade constitucional ou uma macromolécula cuja estrutura compreende unidades constitucionais, sendo que nem todas estão conectadas identicamente com relação a um sentido direcional.
macromolécula irregular (Spanish)
Una macromolécula cuya estructura comprende esencialmentela repetición de más de un tipo de unidad constitucional, o una macromolécula cuya estructura
Languages currently available in the encyclopedia https://multilingual.iupac.org
From the homepage, click on ‘terms’ shows the (present) list of terms that are covered by the glossary of basic terms.
comprende unidades constitucionales que no están identicamente unidas con respecto al sentido direccional.
macromolécule irrégulière (French)
Macromolécule dont la structure est principalement constituée de la répétition de plus d’une unité constitutive ou macromolécule dont la structure est principalement constituée de la répétition d’une seule unité constitutive mais dont toutes les unités ne sont pas connectées entre elles dans un seul sens directionnel.
нерегулярная макромолекула (Russian) Макромолекула, в
unregelmäßiges Makromolekül (German)
Makromolekül, bei dem ein wesentlicher Teil der Struktur durch Wiederholung von mehr als einem Typ konstitutioneller Einheiten gebildet wird, oder dessen Struktur im wesentlichen aus konstitutionellen Einheiten besteht, die nicht alle in gleicher Weise orientiert miteinander verbunden sind.
iregulární (nepravidelná) makromolekula (Czech)
Makromolekula, jejíž struktura je tvořena opakováním dvou a více druhů konstitučních jednotek, nebo makromolekula, jejží konstituční jednotky nejsou z hlediska vzájemné orientace spojeny shodným způsobem.
It is our aim to add the translations of other languages, in particular of those that use special characters, like Arabic, Korean, or any other language that can provide an authorized translation. Also, we should like to add more terms from available IUPAC Recommendations, however, this requires a significant
budget and more manpower than is presently available. This also depends on the acceptance and general request by the scientific community.
We do hope that this first approach to a multilingual encyclopedia on polymer science based on IUPAC documents and authorized translations will be accepted as a useful tool in scientific work and education, and hopefully the project will be extended and its content increased.
In times where the use of Artificial Intelligence becomes more and more popular, one might think that a project like this is superfluous. However, results obtained from AI are not scientifically approved and do not necessarily come with a reliable reference. This, however, is granted by the present project. For the success of this project, it is important that its existence has to become known and its use popular in the scientific and the educational community.
2. A.D. Jenkins, P. Kratochvíl, R. F. T. Stepto and, U. W. Suter. “Glossary of basic terms in polymer science (IUPAC Recommendations 1996)” Pure and Applied Chemistry, vol. 68, no. 12, 1996, pp. 2287-2311. https://doi.org/10.1351/ pac199668122287
3. Richard G. Jones, Jaroslav Kahovec, Robert Stepto, Edward S. Wilks, Michael Hess, Tatsuki Kitayama, W. Val Metanomski, Compendium of Polymer Terminology and Nomenclature, IUPAC Recommendations 2008, RCS Cambridge UK (2009)
Jan Merna <Jan.Merna@vscht.cz> is at the Department of Polymers, University of Chemistry and Technology in Prague, Czech Republic and Michael Hess is at the Department of Physics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA. Both are members of the Subcommittee on Polymer Education.
See online at https://iupac.org/polymer-edu/multilingual-polymerglossary/
Vanessa K. Peterson, Matteo Bianchini, Karena W. Chapman, Martina Elice, David Brynn Hibbert, Paul Roche, Luigi Silvano, Lorenzo Stievano Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2024 Vol. 96, no. 11, 2024, pp. 1531-1540 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2022-1103
The use of Latin origin terms, relevant for sample characterization modalities, is described with a focus on samples under controlled conditions, samples within devices, and samples during physico-chemical evolution. The terms in vitro, in vivo, in situ, ab initio, in silico, post mortem, ex situ, posthumous, in vacuo, (in) operando, post facto, and ex post facto, as used in the scientific literature, are considered. Uses of the Latin origin terms in situ, extra situm, in operando, in vivo, in vacuo, in vitro, extra vivum, post facto and ex post facto, ab initiis, computatro, and post mortem are discussed. It is suggested that these terms are to be used without hyphenation and that all Latin derived terms are set in italic font.
https://iupac.org/project/2021-009-2-500/
Fotis Bilias, Divine Damertey Sewu, Seung Han Woo, Ioannis Anastopoulos, Frank Verheijen, Johannes Lehmann, Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira, Dionisios Gasparatos, Kathleen Draper and Dimitrios Kalderis Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2014 Vol. 96, no. 11, 2024, pp. 1541-1572 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2021-0106
Biochar is the solid carbonaceous product of biomass pyrolysis. The properties of biochar depend on the biomass feedstock as well as the pyrolysis temperature and time. Therefore, biochars with different properties and functionalities can be produced. Biochar research has been intensive in the past 15 years, focusing mainly on soil applications, wastewater treatment, and contaminant remediation. However, a formal definition of biochar and related terms is missing, which hinders the standardization of scientific results worldwide and the scaling-up of research at the industrial level. Furthermore, an official terminology may promote the
Recent IUPAC technical reports and recommendations that affect the many fields of pure and applied chemistry.
Recent IUPAC technical reports and recommendations that affect the many fields of pure and applied chemistry.
See also www.iupac.org/what-we-do/journals/
See also www.iupac.org/what-we-do/journals/
development of a harmonized legal framework for biochar production and applications, both at regional and national levels. This glossary of terms consists of 178 scientifically sound definitions of the most commonly used terms in biochar research. The definitions of this glossary are interconnected, allowing the reader to further explore the synergies between terms. The distribution of terms reflects the multidisciplinarity of biochar research: chemistry, material science and engineering, and soil science are the main disciplines represented here. The list of terms is by no means exhaustive and the strategic objective of this effort is to develop a dynamic document in which more terms will be added in the future, and the existing ones will be refined, as biochar research evolves.
https://iupac.org/project/2015-056-3-600/
Properties and units in the clinical laboratory sciences. Part XXVIII. NPU codes for characterizing subpopulations of the hematopoietic lineage, described from their clusters of differentiation molecules (IUPAC Technical Report)
Evita Maria Lindholm, Eli Taraldsrud, Jakob Thaning Bay, Mats Bemark, Jens Magnus Bernth Jensen, Rebecca Ceder, Elisabeth Abrahamsen, Fatma Meric Yilmaz, Sridevi Devaraj, Eline van der Hagen and Helle Møller Johannessen Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2024 Vol. 96, no. 11, 2024, pp. 1573-1582 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-0806
Examination results from clinical laboratories in the health area has increased through the last decades. Coding of laboratory analyses is an efficient way of securing standardized and accurate recording of patient information, which can then serve as an invaluable resource for clinical treatment decisions, improved patient care and medical research. The Nomenclature for Properties and Units (NPU) terminology was developed to support correct and standardized exchange of data across laboratories and ehealth systems. Use of the NPU terminology allows clinical examination results to be recognized, compared, reused in calculations, extracted for research or statistics, and stored for documentation, without loss of meaning. The terminology has been developed since the 1990’s with support from the international organizations IFCC (International
Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine) in collaboration with IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).
Numerous diseases are associated with alterations in peripheral blood lymphocyte subpopulations, and the need to communicate the different cell types and differentiation states is therefore of outmost importance for clinical decisions in diagnosis, prognosis, and patient monitoring. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are multipotent, self-renewing progenitor cells from which all differentiated blood cell types arise during the process of hematopoiesis. These cells include lymphocytes, granulocytes, and macrophages of the immune system, as well as circulating erythrocytes and platelets. The lymphocytes, with the two distinct classes of B- and T-cells, constitutes the core of the adaptive immune system. And the differentiation of T-cells into effector and memory subsets represents a fundamental role in our ability to fight viruses or tumors, and our capacity to expand rapidly upon a secondary stimulation.
This document describes how the Nomenclature for Properties and Units (NPU) terminology can be applied to differentiate between cell subpopulations of the hematopoietic lineage. The clusters of differentiation molecules are included in the NPU syntax, together with its correct affiliations to indicate their presence or absence. This allows for identification and isolation of cell populations, subsets, and differentiation stages, which is essential for correct diagnosis and treatment of several malignancies and autoimmune diseases.
https://iupac.org/project/2021-022-1-700/
Milan Drábik, Robin T. Macaluso, Lukáš Krivosudský and Lidia Armelao
Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2024 Vol. 96, no. 12, 2024, pp. 1693-1698 https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2023-0215
Materials chemistry is focused on the design, preparation, and understanding of innovative materials. It is an emerging area of research where definitions are not well established. This document defines the area of materials chemistry for the benefit of chemistry communities and the general public worldwide interested in this discipline. This recommendation defines the term
“materials chemistry” as the “scientific discipline that designs, synthesizes, and characterizes materials, with particular interest on processing and understanding of useful or potentially useful properties displayed by the materials designed and synthesized for specific applications.”
https://iupac.org/project/2020-022-1-200/
IUPAC Recommendations: (Un)equivocal Understanding of Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds and Their (Un)equivocal Naming!
Elangannan Arunan, Pierangelo Metrangolo, Giuseppe Resnati, and Steve Scheiner Cryst. Growth Des. 2024, 24, 20, 8153–8158 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.4c00982
This manuscript shows that Si-H hydrogen acts as a donor of electron density to halogen atoms in Me3SiH···Y complexes (Y = CF3I, BrCN), thus proving that, consistent with IUPAC definitions of hydrogen and halogen bonds, hydridic hydrogen functions as a halogen bond acceptor. This has been necessitated by a paper recently published asking whether the definition of hydrogen bonding should be revised to include hydridic H atoms acting as electron donors. The authors discuss the various nomenclatures used for referring to intermolecular/noncovalent bonds formed by various elements and point out the convention established in naming them by IUPAC, after long deliberations among the chemists from all over the world.
IUPAC has so far approved the definitions of hydrogen bond (https://doi.org/10.1351/PAC-REC-10-01-02), halogen bond (Group 17; https://doi.org/10.1351/PACREC-12-05-10), chalcogen bond (Group 16; https:// doi.org/10.1515/pac-2018-0713), and pnictogen bond (Group 15; https://doi.org/10.1515/pac-2020-1002). As one can see, except for hydrogen bond, other names indicate a group of elements. Any proposed new name underwent a very rigorous process with multiple rounds of peer-review and involved the whole chemistry community being open for public comment before acceptance.
https://iupac.org/project/2016-001-2-300/ and former projects referred therein.
by Supawan Tantayanon, Supakorn Boonyuen, and Taweetham Limpaparb
In July 2017, Thailand faced a setback when South Africa won the bid to host the 26th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education (ICCE) in 2020. However, we remained determined and successfully secured the bid in 2019 to host the 27th ICCE in 2022. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, both the 26th and 27th ICCE were postponed to 2022 and 2024, respectively.
The 27th ICCE was held from July 15-19, 2024, at the Royal Cliff Grand Hotel in Pattaya, Thailand, a modern architectural marvel featuring sweeping sea-facing balconies and an impressive atrium lobby. The conference was organized by the Chemical Society of Thailand, in collaboration with Chulalongkorn University, Thammasat University, and Burapha University.
With the theme “Power of Chemistry Education for Advancing SDGs,” the conference emphasized the crucial role of education in addressing the environmental, social, and economic challenges of our time. Sustainable development requires a comprehensive approach that combines economic growth with social inclusion and environmental stewardship. The conference focused on the importance of educating societies about sustainable development principles and equipping learners—including teachers and lifelong learners—with the knowledge, skills, attitudes, and values necessary to build a more sustainable future for both people and the planet.
Policymakers, educators, practitioners, researchers, advocates, and other stakeholders were invited to explore innovative ways to integrate sustainable development into school curricula, pedagogy, assessments, and operations. The conference also showcased localized, practice-based sustainable development models from around the world. It was an opportune moment to learn from both the present and the past as we chart our course for the future.
Approximately 600 delegates from 56 countries attended ICCE 2024, representing a truly global gathering. The attendees included 50 delegates from North America, 46 from Europe, 44 from Africa, 17 from Australia and Oceania, 6 from South America, and 436 from Asia, with the majority hailing from Thailand (263 delegates). Notably, 38 % of the participants were schoolteachers, students, and young scientists. This high level of participation was made possible through scholarships that covered conference registration fees, accommodation for some, and partial travel support for a few. For nearly all these individuals, ICCE 2024 marked their first opportunity to attend a world conference.
To address the diverse interests and needs of the participants, the conference featured eight comprehensive themes:
1. Chemistry Education in Informal Education and Lifelong Learning Contexts
2. Redesigning Chemistry Laboratory Teaching
3. Innovative Technology for Chemistry Education
4. Chemistry and Science Teacher Education and Continuous Professional Development
5. Chemistry and Chemical Science Education for Environmental and Social Sustainability
6. Policy, Reform, and Quality Assurance in Chemistry Education
7. Ethics, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Chemistry Education
8. Emerging Educational Trends in Chemistry in the 21st Century
In addition to these thematic sessions, the conference provided a platform for several specialized symposia, including:
• Symposium A: The 12th International Symposium on Microscale Chemistry (12ISMC)
• Symposium B: Modeling-Based Instruction and Assessment for Chemistry Education
• Symposium C: Connecting Competency-Based Chemistry Education and the Challenge of Sustainable Development
• Symposium D: Advancing Chemical Safety and Security Education
• Symposium E: (Joint Education and Industry Symposium) Systems Thinking in Chemistry for Sustainability
• Symposium F: Green and Sustainable Chemistry in the Chemistry Curriculum: Advances and Models
At the opening ceremony of ICCE 2024 on 15 July 2024, the event began with an introductory speech by Supawan Tantayanon, Chairperson of ICCE 2024. She reflected on the honor of hosting the ICCE conference 32 years after it was first held in Thailand, expressing deep gratitude to IUPAC and the Committee on Chemistry Education (CCE) for this opportunity. ICCE 2024 was organized to bring together educators, chemists, and scientists from around the world to engage with leaders in sustainable development. The conference aimed to explore the evolution of chemistry education, particularly in light of the lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on sustainability and resilience. Following Tantayanon’s address, Marietjie Potgieter, Chair of the IUPAC CCE, delivered a welcome speech. The ceremony then honored Mei-Hung Chiu with the Distinguished Contribution to Chemistry Education Lifetime Award from IUPAC CCE. Additionally, the Outstanding Early Career Researcher in Chemistry Education Awards were named to Amanda Bongers and Shelley Rap.
The ceremony continued with welcoming speeches from the co-hosts: M.D. Rungrueng Kitphati, Director General of the Department of Science Service, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research and Innovation (Honorary Advisor to the Chemical Society of Thailand); Vudhichai Parasuk, President of the Chemical Society of Thailand; Wilert Puriwat, President of Chulalongkorn University; Supasawad Chardchawarn, President of Thammasat University; and Watcharin Gasaluck, President of Burapha University. The ICCE 2024 was
Mei-Hung Chiu (2nd from left) received 2024 Distinguished Contribution to Chemistry Education Lifetime Award from Peter Mahaffy and Supawan Tantayanon, both former awardees, and witnessed by Marietjie Potgieter, Chair of the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education (CCE).
The conference provided an invaluable opportunity to gain insights into the latest advancements in sustainable chemistry education, featuring enlightening presentations from four plenary, ten keynote and thirty-eight invited speakers.
The first plenary lecture, “Chemistry Education Today for Our 2050 World,” was delivered by Peter Mahaffy from The King’s University, Canada. He highlighted that by 2050, today’s chemistry students will be mid-career professionals tackling global challenges like climate change. Mahaffy emphasized the role of chemistry in these challenges and introduced systems thinking as a means to connect chemistry education with global issues and the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
The second plenary lecture, “Nurturing Multiple Intelligences: Challenges and Opportunities in Thai Education,” was presented by Krissanapong Kirtikara, Chair of the Council of Kasetsart University, Thailand. Kirtikara discussed Thailand’s focus on Logical-Mathematical Intelligence in science and math education, while noting less support for Musical and Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligences. He called for better coordination and centralized data collection to align educational pathways with market needs and improve talent development.
The third plenary lecture, “Chemical Sciences for SDGs: Gender, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Effects in the Least Developed Countries,” was given by J. Catherine Ngila from the African Foundation for Women & Youth in Education & STI, Kenya. Ngila stressed the importance of chemistry in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly in food production, poverty reduction, and technology. She discussed the challenges of limited scientific infrastructure and gender disparities in the least developed countries.
Peter Hotchkiss, representing the OPCW (Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons), delivered the fourth plenary lecture titled “The OPCW: Ridding the World of Chemical Weapons.” The OPCW was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2013 for its efforts. Hotchkiss detailed the Chemical Weapons Convention’s goal to eliminate chemical weapons and the OPCW’s role in enforcing this, promoting peaceful chemistry use, and supporting UN SDGs related to health, sustainability, and peace. He also highlighted the OPCW’s education and outreach initiatives.
Among ten distinguished keynote speakers, Ron Blonder, known for her pioneering work in integrating sustainability into chemistry curricula, and Khunying Sumonta Promboon, a pioneer in Thai chemistry education. Glenn A. Hurst shared his significant contributions to active learning in chemical education, while Jorge G. Ibanez focused on his expertise in green chemistry. Mary Garson emphasized the crucial role of chemical education in biodiversity conservation, and Vicente Talanquer provided deep insights into harnessing students’ reasoning in chemistry to promote sustainable practices. Thomas Holme discussed innovative assessment strategies that support sustainability education in chemistry, and Mei-Hung Chiu highlighted the importance of chemistry education in fostering global
environmental awareness. Amy S. Cannon, a leading advocate for green chemistry, presented compelling strategies for incorporating sustainability into chemical research and practice. Finally, Samia Khan’s presentation on the use of technology and data in chemistry education demonstrated how digital tools can enhance sustainable teaching practices.
Alongside thirty-eight invited speakers, these distinguished individuals broadened our understanding of sustainable chemistry education and inspired innovative approaches and methodologies that will shape the future of the field. Their contributions highlighted the essential role chemistry education plays in advancing global sustainability goals.
A side event of poster presentations was held July 16 and provided a platform for the high school students to present their research findings, experiments, and innovations to participants of ICCE2024. Through engaging poster presentations, students had the opportunity to discuss their projects, share discoveries, and engage in meaningful dialogues with attendees. This event not only fostered scientific inquiry, creativity, and communication skills but also deepened students’ appreciation for the wonders of science. At the conclusion of the showcase, outstanding students were honored with the prestigious ICCE2024 Science Projects in Schools Awards (Gold, Silver, or Bronze), recognizing their achievements and inspiring further curiosity in STEM fields. A total of 23 Gold, 37 Silver, and 10 Bronze awards were presented. Student feedback was overwhelmingly positive, with many gaining valuable insights and constructive comments for project improvement. The audience was also impressed by the high level of research conducted by these high
school students, who represented the next generation of scientific leaders.
Outstanding Poster Presentation Awards
There were 198 oral presentations and 187 posters. Among 187 posters, 5 IUPAC Best Poster Prizes, 5 CST Outstanding Poster Presentation Awards and 20 ICCE 2024 Special Awards for Poster Presentation were given to;
IUPAC Best Poster Prizes
• Chayawin Chomngam, Thailand
• David-Samuel Di Fuccia, Germany
• Kong Ching Wong, Hong Kong SAR PRC
• Tri Minh Nguyen, Vietnam
• Witawas Handee, Thailand
CST Outstanding Poster Presentation Awards
• Ari Syahidul Shidiq, Indonesia
• Ketsarporn Sompetch, Thailand
• Ludo B.F. Juurlink, Netherlands
• Magda Polec, United Kingdom
• Tojas Joshi, India
ICCE 2024 Special Awards for Poster Presentation
• Erifon Ifiok Ukpe, Nigeria
• Carla Johanna Jänicke, Germany
• Claus Balte, Germany
• Darunee Sukchit, Thailand
• Elena Magrinya, Spain
• Juran Shin, Korea
• Khan Hung Nguyen, Vietnam
• Manasa Kongot, India
• Marina Birkenstock, Germany
• Maryam Asdagh Jahromi, Iran
• Mary-Ann Viduya Galo, Philippines
• Monrawat Rauytanapanit Lamthong, Thailand
• Norreddine Gherraf, Algeria
• Patipon Jandaeng, Thailand
• Pilailuk Sirisurawong, Thailand
• Robby Zidny, Indonesia
• Saranrom Yingsuk, Thailand
• Taweesak Poochai, Thailand
• Usa Jeenjenkit, Thailand
• Vitavas Jumpathong, Thailand
Five Workshops and Chemistry Board Game
In addition to the oral presentations and posters, the conference offered five workshops. These workshops included:
• Microscale/Small Scale Chemistry (as one session of the 12th International Symposium on Microscale Chemistry, 12ISMC)
• Enhancing Chemical Safety and Security for the Chemical Weapons Convention
• Incorporating Systems Thinking into Your Classroom and Connecting to Sustainability Part I: Education Part II: Industry
• Green Chemistry and the U.N. Sustainable Development Goals: Harnessing Their Combined Power
Chemistry Board Game Event at ICCE 2024, organized by the Thailand Younger Chemists Network (TYCN) and the Chemical Society of Thailand (CST)
Traditional performances by schoolteachers from several countries.
• How to Publish in Chemistry Teacher International (CTI)
The Chemistry Board Game Event at ICCE 2024, organized by the Thailand Younger Chemists Network (TYCN) and the Chemical Society of Thailand (CST), in collaboration with the Department of Chemistry at Chulalongkorn University, Kasetsart University at Sri-Racha, and Silpakorn University, offered a unique blend of fun and learning for all participants. Featuring a variety of engaging and educational board games provided by Chemistry Board game and Boss Lab Boardgame, the event invited both chemistry enthusiasts and newcomers to delve into the fascinating world of atoms and molecules. This event not only provided an enjoyable and interactive way to learn new concepts and test knowledge but also served as an excellent networking opportunity. Participants left with positive feedback, appreciating the enjoyable experience and the valuable connections they made, which they can carry back to their home countries.
The panel discussion on “Power of Chemistry Education for Advancing SDGs,” held on July 18, 2024, celebrated the 10th anniversary of implementing the small scale chemistry teaching in Thailand under the project called “Dow Chemistry Classroom.” Panelists included Mary Garson (IUPAC Vice President), Kessara
Amornvuthivorn (SEAMEO STEM-ED), Poranee Kongamornpinyo (Dow Thailand), and Le Than Vinh (Lawrence S. Ting School, Vietnam), with Amy Cannon (Beyond Benign, USA) moderating.
The discussion focused on how chemistry education can advance the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the role of each organization in supporting this effort. The panelists emphasized that chemistry education is crucial in developing future chemists who can drive sustainable innovation. By equipping students with critical thinking and problem-solving skills, chemistry education plays a vital role in fostering sustainable solutions and contributing to global sustainability efforts.
The welcome reception took place on the evening of 15 July 2024, following the opening ceremony of ICCE2024. Guests enjoyed a selection of traditional Thai snacks, including Kanom Krok (Thai coconut pudding), Khao Griab Pak Moh (Steamed rice skin dumpling), and Foi Thong (Golden threads made by drizzling egg yolks) and Thong Yod (Golden egg-yolk drops) which were cooked and served at the event, alongside a general cocktail service. The event began with a warm welcome speech from the Mayor of Pattaya, followed by remarks from the Deans of the Faculty of Science at Chulalongkorn University, Thammasat University, and Burapha University. Mary Garson delivered an impressive speech, which was followed by a brief address
from the Manager of the Royal Cliff Grand Hotel, one of the event’s sponsors. The evening continued with a captivating Baslop dance performed by students from Princess Chulabhorn Science High Schools.
Throughout the night, guests were treated to traditional performances from eight countries, performed by schoolteachers representing Vietnam, Nepal, Cambodia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, the Philippines, and Thailand. The evening concluded with a Thai folk dance called “Ram Wong (Dance in a circle),” in which more than two hundreds of the participants danced together in a large circle, creating a memorable and joyful moment for all attendees.
The conference banquet was held on 18 July 2024, where participants enjoyed a series of traditional Thai classical performances during dinner. As the evening progressed, attendees joined the performers in a lively circle dance, adding a joyful and interactive touch before the banquet concluded.
Two complimentary sightseeing tours were offered to ICCE 2024 international participants, each showcasing different cultural landmarks. The first tour featured a visit to the Sanctuary of Truth, while the second tour included stops at Wat Yanasangvararam and Khao Chi Chan.
At the Sanctuary of Truth, visitors were captivated by the awe-inspiring wooden structure, crafted entirely in the traditional Thai carpenter style by Lek Viriyaphan. This massive sanctuary, adorned with intricate carvings depicting the philosophy of life, stands as a testament to human skill and vision. Participants were deeply impressed by its unique blend of art, philosophy, and spiritual symbolism.
The second tour highlighted Wat Yanasangvararam, a magnificent Buddhist monastery under the royal patronage of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej, known for its serene meditation center and stunning architecture. It also included a visit to Khao Chi Chan, where the world’s largest Buddha image is intricately carved into a rock cliff, symbolizing the reign of King Rama IX. Both tours offered participants a profound cultural and spiritual experience, showcasing Thailand’s rich heritage and artistry.
At the closing ceremony on July 19, 2024, participants enjoyed a video recap highlighting the key moments from the past five days of the conference. Following this, Mustafa Sözbilir introduced the 28th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education, which will be held jointly with the 17th EuChemS European Conference of Research in
Chemical Education. The joint event, ICCECRICE 2026, is scheduled to take place at Atatürk University in Erzurum, Türkiye, from 13-17 July 2026.
Vudhichai Parasuk, President of the Chemical Society of Thailand, extended his thanks to everyone for their participation and contributions to ICCE2024. Marietjie Potgieter, Chair of the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education, shared her reflections, noting that ICCE2024 was widely praised by participants for its overall excellence. Finally, Supawan Tantayanon expressed gratitude on behalf of the organizing committee before officially closing ICCE2024 at 1 p.m.
At ICCE 2024, participants widely praised the conference’s excellent organization and the valuable insights they gained on incorporating sustainable development into their research and teaching. Below are examples of this feedback, including an email from a student who received a conference scholarship and another from Marietjie Potgieter.
“Greetings from Nigeria!
I hope you’re enjoying your time in Thailand after the conference. I want to express my gratitude for the opportunity to participate in the 27th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education (ICCE2024) and share my research with the academic community. Thank you for allowing me to be a part of the conference and for the scholarship that covered my registration fee.
Your tireless efforts in organizing the conference did not go unnoticed, and I appreciate the hard work you put into making it a success. The conference was flawlessly executed, and I commend you on your exceptional organizational skills.
I’m particularly grateful for the platform you provided for me to showcase my research and receive valuable feedback from experts in the field. Participating in the conference helped me grow professionally and academically, and I’m grateful for the experience. The conference was a valuable learning experience that helped me refine my research and presentation skills.
Winning the poster presentation award motivated me to continue pursuing my research interests and strive for excellence. The award has encouraged me to take my research to the next level and explore new opportunities. Thank you for your dedication to academic excellence and your commitment to fostering a community of scholars. I appreciate your passion for promoting research and academic growth, and I’m grateful to have benefited from it.”
“On behalf of IUPAC and the Committee on Chemistry Education (CCE), I would like to express my heartfelt thanks and deep appreciation for the very successful 27th International Conference on Chemistry Education held in Pattaya, Thailand last week. I congratulate Prof. Supawan Tantayanon and the Conference Organizing Committee for a memorable event that we all enjoyed very much. We were inspired to align our teaching with sustainability and implement new approaches in our practice when we returned home. It was an honour for IUPAC and the CCE to be associated with this conference.
I would like to acknowledge a few things which stood out:
• The conference organization reflected exceptional care and attention to detail in every aspect— the registration, welcoming ceremony, scientific program, excursions and conference dinner. We were hosted in a beautiful setting by a team of friendly and helpful chemistry staff and students who were eager to see to the needs of all visitors.
• The conference was attended by ca. 600 delegates from 56 countries of whom 200 were school teachers. Professor Supawan worked hard to raise funding for registration fee waivers for all of these teachers. Many of the delegates from the region and most of these teachers have never been able to attend an international chemistry education conference before and were most grateful for the opportunity. A special programme was offered for the teachers which included a whole-day workshop on microscale/small-scale chemistry.
• The organizing committee created a special event for Thai school teachers/students called “ICCE2024 Youth Scientists in Schools,” to present their work in the poster session on 16 July. All participants were awarded certificates according to the merit of their work in three levels, Gold, Silver and Bronze, and these certificates and medals were presented to them by the Minister of Education of Thailand.”
As Chair of the 27th IUPAC International Conference on Chemistry Education (ICCE 2024), I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all the individuals and organizations that contributed to the success of this event:
1. The International Advisory Board of ICCE 2024: Your invaluable guidance was key to shaping this conference. I am particularly grateful to Marietjie
Potgieter, Chair of the IUPAC Committee on Chemistry Education, for her crucial advice and support throughout the entire process, from the early stages of preparation to the execution of the conference.
2. The Organizing Committee: Your hard work and dedication were evident, especially during the five days of the conference. I would like to extend special thanks to Taweetham Limpanuparb, Supakorn Boonyuen, and Pumidech Puthongkham for their meticulous efforts in logistics and planning.
3. The plenary, keynote, and invited speakers, along with the chairs, co-chairs, workshop leaders, and reviewers: Your contributions were pivotal in making the scientific sessions both insightful and engaging.
4. All the delegates: Your active participation enriched the conference with outstanding presentations, posters, and workshops, making ICCE 2024 a truly collaborative and interactive event.
5. The sponsors: I am deeply thankful for your financial support, which made this conference possible. Special recognition goes to Bangkok Bank Public Company Limited, Dow Thailand, Boon Rawd Brewery Co. Ltd., Shimadzu, Bara Scientific Co., Ltd., the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC), the American Chemical Society (ACS), International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), Organization for Prohibition of Chemical weapons (OPCW), Royal Cliff Hotels group, and many others for your generous contributions.
Your collective efforts and support have made ICCE 2024 a resounding success.
https://www.icce2024thailand.com/
Building Chemical Bridges in Latin America: Reflections from the 36th Congreso Latinoamericano de Química
by Javier García-Martínez
Late September last year, I had the pleasure of attending the 36th Congreso Latinoamericano de Química (CLAQ, Latin American Chemistry Congress), held in Panama from 25 September to 9 October. This 2024 event was particularly significant as it coincided with the 50th anniversary of the Colegio Panameño de Químicos (Copaqui), marking an important milestone in the chemical sciences community in Panama. The congress theme, Construyendo Puentes Químicos en América Latina (Building Chemical Bridges in Latin America), emphasised the importance of regional
cooperation and the common challenges and opportunities facing Latin American chemists in the 21st century.
Held in conjunction with the XII Congreso Nacional de Química (National Chemistry Congress) and the V Congreso Estudiantil de Química (Student Chemistry Congress), the CLAQ 2024 programme was diverse and included a number of key events, such as three roundtables on topics such as chemical entrepreneurship, frontiers in chemical research and the role of chemistry in driving innovation in the region. The congress brought together leading researchers, professionals, and students to discuss the latest advances in chemical research in areas ranging from materials science to biotechnology. During the congress, the Latin American Women in Chemistry Awards were presented to Grissel Trujillo de Santiago (Emerging Leader in Chemistry), Priscila Castelani (Leadership in Industry) and Coralia Osorio Roa (Leadership in Academia).
During the congress, I had the privilege of delivering a plenary lecture on Catalysing Circular Chemistry. This was a wonderful opportunity to share recent advances catalysis for a more sustainable future with an audience eager to explore the role of chemistry in addressing climate change and sustainability. I also presented some of IUPAC’s key activities and invited participants to attend the Global Women’s Breakfast on 11 February
2025, to nominate more candidates for our awards and prizes, and to attend our 53rd IUPAC General Assembly and the 50th World Chemistry Congress, which will be held in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in July 2025.
Particularly useful was my participation in the General Assembly of the Federation of Chemical Societies of Latin America (FLAQ), where I described the main initiatives and programmes organised by IUPAC and invited the participants to benefit from the various efforts made with the Spanish-speaking community in mind, such as the translation into Spanish of the Brief Guides to Inorganic, Organic and Polymer Nomenclature and the OPCW-IUPAC e-Learning Safety Training Programme in Spanish. I also introduced the Presidents’ Forum to the representatives of the various Chemical Societies present in the room. This meeting provided an excellent platform to address common goals, including the promotion of chemistry education, the advancement of scientific research, and the implementation of sustainable practices.
I took advantage of my time in Panama to meet with the President and other academic authorities of the University of Panama, the country’s largest and oldest university with over 100 000 students. We discussed ways to further strengthen the relationship between IUPAC and Panama’s academic institutions. Discussions focused on creating more opportunities for
Panamanian students and researchers to engage with IUPAC’s global initiatives, particularly in the areas of sustainability and educational outreach. This meeting was an important step in expanding IUPAC’s presence in the region and ensuring that Panama continues to play a vital role in Latin American and global chemistry.
Taking advantage of my visit to the University of Panama, I gave a talk to their chemistry students entitled “Reimagining Our Relationship with the Planet at a Molecular Scale.” In this talk, I challenged students to reimagine chemistry at the molecular level to shape global sustainability efforts and urged them to take an active role in rethinking chemical processes to better meet environmental needs. This dialogue with the new generation of Panamanian chemists was particularly rewarding, as their passion and innovative ideas demonstrated the future potential of the region’s scientific community.
I am delighted to say that the 36th CLAQ in Panama was a resounding success, both in terms of scientific exchange and in strengthening regional ties. The Congress truly embodied its theme of “Building Chemical Bridges” and facilitated meaningful connections across Latin America. From the lively discussions during the congress to the strategic conversations with academic and industry leaders, it is clear that Latin American chemists are committed to driving the future of the field with an eye towards sustainability, innovation and international collaboration. I am deeply grateful to have been part of this historic event and look forward to continuing to work with my colleagues across the region as we build a stronger, more connected scientific community.
As we look forward to CLAQ 2026 in Lima, Peru, the groundwork laid at the Panama Congress will serve as a foundation for future meetings. The conversations started in Panama will undoubtedly continue in Lima as we strive to further integrate the scientific capabilities of the region. The next Congress promises to build on this year’s momentum, with even more ambitious goals to foster chemical innovation and address the global challenges that unite us all.
The 36th Congreso Latinoamericano de Química was a testament to the power of regional cooperation and the critical role of chemistry in shaping a sustainable future. I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Copaqui and the entire Organizing Committee for their extraordinary work in bringing this event to life, and for allowing me to share with chemists from the region how IUPAC is contributing to the advancement of the chemical sciences worldwide, and to invite them to be part of this effort. The discussions, connections and ideas shared in Panama will undoubtedly have a profound
impact in the region, helping to further strengthen the links between the various Latin American chemical societies and between them and the rest of the world.
Javier García-Martínez <j.garcia@ua.es> is a Professor of Inorganic Chemistry and Director of the Molecular Nanotechnology Laboratory of the University of Alicante where he leads an international team working on the synthesis and application of nanostructured materials for the production of chemicals and energy. Javier is since January 2024 IUPAC Past President. Previously, he served as President (2022-2023), Vice President and member of the Executive Committee, and as Titular Member and VicePresident of the Inorganic Chemistry Division.
by Florent Allais
Green chemistry is pivotal in tackling the world’s pressing environmental challenges, offering sustainable strategies to reduce pollution and conserve resources, ultimately contributing to a healthier planet. However, for the field to reach its full potential, inclusivity and diversity are essential. The active involvement of African scientists, including women, in green chemistry is key to driving innovation, advancing equity, and ensuring that sustainable solutions are relevant and beneficial to communities worldwide. Their participation enriches the field, fostering a more comprehensive approach to addressing global environmental needs.
Innovation flourishes in diverse settings, where varied perspectives drive groundbreaking advancements. Scientists from Africa in the field shaped by their unique experiences and cultural backgrounds, bring fresh insights that can significantly impact green chemistry. Their understanding of the environmental challenges faced by underrepresented and marginalized communities enables them to develop targeted, practical solutions. For instance, African scientists may focus on sustainable innovations tailored to the continent’s specific environmental and economic needs, such as water purification technologies to combat scarcity in arid regions. Likewise, female scientists may prioritize research on the health effects of chemical exposure, particularly addressing the heightened vulnerability of women and children to pollutants.
Diverse teams are more likely to challenge established thinking, explore unconventional approaches, and ask novel questions. This creative tension fosters the development of innovative green chemistry solutions
that are not only more effective but also more equitable. By actively involving scientists from Africa in the field of green chemistry, the scientific community can tap into a broader spectrum of ideas and approaches, leading to more robust and sustainable outcomes.
The underrepresentation of these groups in green chemistry highlights systemic inequities across STEM fields. Addressing these disparities is not just a matter of social justice but is also crucial for tackling global environmental challenges. Issues such as climate change, pollution, and resource depletion disproportionately impact developing regions, including many African countries. By involving African scientists in green chemistry research, one can ensure that solutions are tailored to the specific needs and contexts of these regions, bridging the gap between global and local strategies. This approach is essential for sustainable development, as it empowers local communities to address their environmental challenges independently, without relying solely on external expertise.
This shift toward inclusivity is not only about fairness but also about improving the quality and relevance of scientific research. A more diverse scientific community is better positioned to tackle the interconnected challenges of the 21st century, from climate change to environmental justice. By ensuring that scientists from Africa have a seat at the table, green chemistry can become an even more powerful tool for positive global change.
To advocate for and support this vision, a coalition of experts is organizing the IUPAC-backed African Training School on Green Chemistry and Environmental Sustainability (GreenChemAfrica), took place from 21-27 April 2024, at Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P) in Morocco. This landmark event—the first of its kind in Africa gathered 27 lecturers and 54 participants from 15 African countries,
with a gender ratio of 54 % female and 44 % male, marking the beginning of a continent-wide movement in green chemistry.
Designed to foster an interactive yet informal learning environment, the program will facilitate exchanges between African graduate students and early-career scientists and leading global experts in green chemistry. The event provided a comprehensive overview of how interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches, supported by international collaboration, can address contemporary challenges in green chemistry and sustainable processes. Topics covered included green (in)organic synthesis, green solvents, eco-extraction, sustainable (bio)chemical processes, biotechnologies, synthetic biology, biorefinery, and the application of life cycle assessment.
The next edition of this school will be held in Benguerir, Morocco, from 20-25 April 2025.
https://susmat.um6p.ma/greenchemafrica-2024/
https://susmat.um6p.ma/greenchemafrica-2025/
by Greta Heydenrych
The worldwide fight against chemical weapons is governed by the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, usually referred to as the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC). The CWC is administered by the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), which has its seat in The Hague, Netherlands.
The CWC, which entered into force almost 30 years ago, on 29 April 1997, is a sterling example of multilateral international collaboration, and has been signed and ratified by all but four of the United Nations member states—193 countries in all. The CWC obliges its state parties to prohibit the use of chemical weapons and to prohibit their manufacture, development, transport and stockpiling. Another obligation is the declaration of stockpiles and their destruction. The state parties must allow OPCW inspectors to verify chemical weapons’ destruction and must permit OPCW inspectors to conduct regular inspections of sites that might be used to manufacture chemical weapons, their precursors or any chemical that may have a dual use. In this context, it is important to note that the OPCW is not an enforcement agency. It can, at the behest of one or more state parties, conduct a fact-finding investigation upon suspected use of chemical weapons and present its findings to the state parties. The barrier to such an investigation is high, as verifiable proof is required. Moreover, an investigation can be blocked by a 75% majority of the state parties.
So, how successful is the CWC? As of 31 August 2024, 100% of the chemical weapons stockpiles declared by possessor States have been verifiably destroyed. As usual, the devil is in the details—here, the word “declared” and the meaning of “chemical weapon.” It is quite likely that not all stockpiles are declared, and there could be many reasons for this. It could be that they simply are awaiting discovery, that
not all state parties are completely forthcoming about potential chemical weapons on their territories, or that non-state actors gained access to stockpiles before these could be declared. Secondly, although the CWC clearly defines three classes of controlled substances, not all chemicals that are harmful or toxic are covered by the Convention. One notable example is chlorine gas, which is not listed as a chemical weapon, but can be used as such. To circumvent such dual use, the CWC does forbid the use of any toxic chemicals for the exclusive purpose of causing harm to humans.
This leads us to the third reason why the success of the CWC should not be taken for granted. The accelerating development of artificial intelligences (AIs) of various flavours changes how we should look at the Convention and its implementation. For this reason, the OPCW has initiated a series of meetings and discussions centred around the theme of AI and the CWC. A key event has been the Global Conference on the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Advancing the Implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention, which was hosted by the Kingdom of Morocco in its capital, Rabat, on 22-24 October 2024. The meeting aimed to bring together AI experts, policy makers and diplomats to share perspectives on the opportunities offered by AI, as well as potential risks, in the context of the CWC’s implementation.
The three overarching themes were AI and chemistry, Challenges and opportunities for chemical industry and Counterterrorism and its impact on advancing the CWC’s implementation. About 50 experts were invited
to give their perspective in presentations and panel discussions on subtopics grouped together under the three themes.
The most important message that came from this theme is that openly accessible AI-driven retrosynthesis applications can enable people with limited chemistry knowledge to synthesise chemicals that up to now could only be made by professional experts in chemical synthesis. This represents a clear threat, as it opens the door to terrorist organisations and other nonstate actors to easily access chemical weapons and toxins. On the other hand, it could also enable quicker and easier response to victims of chemical attacks as these same tools could be used to synthesise life-saving treatments.
Another aspect to keep in mind is that today’s AI models depend critically on the quality of the data with which they are trained, and that some human expertise is needed to validate the outputs of the models. Given the pace of development of AI models, especially their increasing capabilities to handle non-structured data, this may change quicker than we think.
The opportunities and risks outlined in the previous paragraph apply to the chemical industry as well. In addition, industry is subject to strict regulation, which includes data management. Thus, although the AI applications do not necessarily need to be subject to extensive regulation, the use of data for any application, not just AI, should be. Another important insight is that innovation is not always an unalloyed good. The context in which an innovation is developed may be as important as the idea itself. Thus, industry would need policy and regulation around providing in-depth cost-benefit analyses so that the most beneficial innovations can be identified and promoted. This implies the need for an ethical framework for AI use. AI on its own is not ethical or unethical.
As stated above, the OPCW is not an enforcement agency. Much of the prevention of chemical weapon and toxin use to harm groups or individuals falls with law enforcement agencies, especially in the case of non-state actors. There are many factors to consider in counterterrorism and its role in advancing the CWC’s implementation. I highlight two key factors that have
always been important in counterterrorism action, and that take on a new dimension with the advent of widely used AI applications. Misinformation and disinformation have always been a problem, but the sheer speed at which this can happen via social media, and the convincing appearance of AI-generated images and videos risk completely overwhelming legitimate dissemination channels. Standards and norms are critical too, as these are needed for the validation of evidence, especially in instances where AI models are used to interpret large quantities of data.
AI and the CWC
AI is a transformative and transferrable technology –the same features that enable its positive and ethical use also makes it use for malfeasance possible. Therefore, a balance is needed between exploiting the benefits of AI while safeguarding against its malicious use. This would require even more intensive and integrated international collaboration, not least to ensure that all regions of the world can share in the benefits of AI.
We know that AI can enable the discovery of compound classes not covered by the Convention. Data quality is problematic as well. For example, about 70 % of import/export data cannot be verified. AI in combination with other new technologies, such as synthetic biology or additive manufacturing can change the landscape so rapidly that responding within the boundaries of the CWC could become very difficult. Thus, are chemicals the only technologies to be monitored? And what about standards around toxins?
On the other hand, AI can provide more proactive means of implementing the CWC, for example by high-throughput analysis of satellite and drone images. Retrosynthesis tools can be used to identify unusual precursors and to track their sales for unusual activities. Large amounts of data can be analysed quickly to identify concrete risks—that is, the scope of CWC implementation can be shifted from a list-based approach to a risk-based approach. There certainly are many other possibilities and there is a good case for the OPCW joining forces with other organisations with similar concerns to reach creative solutions together.
One thing is certain: AI is here to stay and its development will only accelerate in the next years. Thus, any approach taken to integrate AI in the processes needed for the CWC’s implementation must be robust, flexible and adaptable to an ever-faster changing world.
https://www.opcw.org/media-centre/featured-topics/aiconference
Announcements of conferences, symposia, workshops, meetings, and other upcoming activities
Chair, IUPAC 2025
National Organising Committee President, Institut Kimia Malaysia
2025 Comes to Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia!
On behalf of the Institut Kimia Malaysia (IKM) and the people of Malaysia, it is my pleasure to extend a warm invitation to join us for IUPAC 2025, taking place in the vibrant city of Kuala Lumpur from 12–19 July 2025. This momentous event will mark the first time these prestigious gatherings are hosted in an ASEAN country, sparking immense excitement across the region and beyond.
The three major components: 53rd IUPAC General Assembly (53GA) (12–16 July 2025)
Bringing together approximately 300 delegates, including IUPAC Executive Committee members, Science Board representatives, division and standing committee members, and leaders from international scientific unions, national chemical societies, and industry.
50th World Chemistry Congress (50WCC) (14–19 July 2025)
Gathering an estimated 3,000 scientists, researchers, educators, and professionals from academia, R&D institutions, and industry to exchange ideas and forge collaborations.
LabAsia 2025 (14–16 July 2025)
A premier exhibition of scientific equipment and laboratory instrumentation, spanning over 9,710 square meters of cutting-edge displays.
Celebrating the 50th World Chemistry Congress (50WCC) and 100 Years of Excellence in Chemistry Research and Innovations.
Themed “Chemistry for a Sustainable Future”, this landmark event underscores the pivotal role of chemistry in addressing critical global challenges aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
An impressive lineup of 12 plenary speakers and 23 keynote speakers, with more distinguished names to be announced. Stay tuned… www.iupac2025.org
The event will take place at the award-winning Kuala Lumpur Convention Centre (KLCC), a stateof-the-art facility renowned for its seamless hosting of world-class conventions. Nestled in the heart of Kuala Lumpur, the KLCC provides easy access to the city’s iconic attractions, including the breathtaking Petronas Twin Towers.
Important Dates:
• Abstract Submission: deadline 28 Feb 2025
• Early Bird Registration: until 7 Apr 2025
• Regular Registration: 8 April 2025 onwards
Malaysia Awaits You for a Truly Memorable Congress!
Known for its cosmopolitan charm, Malaysia offers a rich cultural tapestry and warm hospitality. From pristine beaches and ancient rainforests to vibrant shopping districts and a culinary scene that delights every palate, Malaysia promises an unforgettable experience beyond the conference.
Join us in enchanting Malaysia as we celebrate the chemistry of innovation, collaboration, and sustainability. Mark your calendars and be part of this historic gathering at IUPAC 2025! For more information, visit the official website at https://iupac2025.org
32nd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products 12th International Congress on Biodiversity
The 32nd IUPAC International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products (ISCNP), held in conjunction with the 12th IUPAC International Congress on Biodiversity (ICOB), will bring together experts from around the world to discuss the latest developments in natural products research.
Scientific themes will include:
- Isolation & structure elucidation;
- Total synthesis & synthetic methodology; - Biosynthesis; - Synthetic biology; - Chemical ecology; - Biologically active molecules & medicinal chemistry; - Informatics & artificial intelligence
The RACI NSW Natural Products Group Symposium 2025 will be proudly held in conjunction with this meeting
Upcoming IUPAC-endorsed events
See also www.iupac.org/events
2025
11 Feb 2025 – IUPAC Global Women Breakfast – Global all around and Virtual
In 2025, the GWB will actually be held on the International Day of Women and Girls in Science https://iupac.org/gwb
10-13 June 2025 - Sustainable Chemistry for Net Zero - St Andrews, United Kingdom
International Conference on Sustainable Chemistry for Net Zero
Co-Chairs: Amit Kumar and David Cole-Hamilton, University of St. Andrews, icscnz@st-andrews.ac.uk, https://icsc-nz.com/
22-27 June 2025 - Polymers for a Sustainable Future - Groningen, Netherlands
European Polymer Congress 2025 (EPF 2025)
Contact: Katja Loos, EPF 2025 Chair, University of Groningen, epf@congressbydesign.com, https://www.epf2025.org/
13-18 Jul 2025 - IUPAC World Chemistry Congress 2025 - Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia https://iupac2025.org/
24-28 Aug 2025 - Chemistry of Natural Products and Biodiversity - Sydney, Australia
32nd International Symposium on the Chemistry of Natural Products and 12th International Congress on Biodiversity (ISCNP32 & ICOB12)
Contact: Luke Hunter, l.hunter@unsw.edu.au, Chair of the Program Committee, School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales (UNSW) Kensington, Australia • https://www.iscnp32-icob12.org/
1-5 Sep 2025 - Polymeric materials meet nanobiotechnology - Reduit, Mauritius POLY-CHAR [Mauritius] 2025
Contact: Conference Secretary: Prakash Caumul, Department of Chemistry, p.caumul@uom.ac.mu, Itisha Chummun Phul, CBBR, polychar-2025@uom.ac.mu, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius, www tba
14-17 Sep 2025 – Solution Chemistry - Monastir, Tunisia
39th International Conference on Solution Chemistry
Contact: Jalel Mhalla, Chair of Program Committee, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia jalel.mhalla@fsm.rnu.tn, http://www.sctunisie.org/icsc2025/
It is a condition of endorsements that organizers of meetings under the auspices of IUPAC, in considering the locations of such meetings, should take all possible steps to ensure the freedom of all bona fide chemists from throughout the world to attend irrespective of race, religion, or political philosophy. IUPAC endorsement implies that entry visas will be granted to all bona fide chemists provided application is made not less than three months in advance. If a visa is not granted one month before the meeting, the IUPAC Secretariat should be notified without delay by the applicant.
Conference organizers are invited to complete an Application for IUPAC Endorsement (AIE) preferably 2 years and at least 12 months before the conference. Further information on granting endorsement is included in the AIE and is available upon request from the IUPAC Secretariat or online.
www.iupac.org
ADVANCING THE WORLDWIDE ROLE OF CHEMISTRY FOR THE BENEFIT OF MANKIND
The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry is the global organization that provides objective scientific expertise and develops the essential tools for the application and communication of chemical knowledge for the benefit of humankind and the world. IUPAC accomplishes its mission by fostering sustainable development, providing a common language for chemistry, and advocating the free exchange of scientific information. In fulfilling this mission, IUPAC effectively contributes to the worldwide understanding and application of the chemical sciences, to the betterment of humankind.
Australian Academy of Science (Australia)
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Austria)
Bangladesh Chemical Society (Bangladesh)
The Royal Academies for the Sciences and Arts of Belgium (Belgium)
Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (Bulgaria)
National Research Council of Canada (Canada)
Sociedad Chilena de Química (Chile)
Chinese Chemical Society (China)
Chemical Society located in Taipei (China)
LANOTEC-CENAT, National Nanotechnology Laboratory (Costa Rica)
Croatian Chemical Society (Croatia)
Czech National Committee for Chemistry (Czech Republic)
Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab (Denmark)
Finnish Chemical Society (Finland)
Comité National Français de la Chimie (France)
Deutscher Zentralausschuss für Chemie (Germany)
Association of Greek Chemists (Greece)
National Autonomous University of Honduras (Honduras)
Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Hungary)
Indian National Science Academy (India)
Royal Irish Academy (Ireland)
Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities (Israel)
Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (Italy)
Caribbean Academy of Sciences—Jamaica (Jamaica)
President
Prof. Ehud Keinan, Israel
Vice President
Prof. Mary Garson, Australia
Past President
Prof. Javier García Martínez, Spain
Secretary General
Dr. Zoltán Mester, Canada
Treasurer Dr. Wolfram Koch, Germany
Science Council of Japan (Japan)
Jordanian Chemical Society (Jordan)
B.A. Beremzhanov Kazakhstan Chemical Society (Kazakhstan)
Korean Chemical Society (Korea)
Kuwait Chemical Society (Kuwait)
Institut Kimia Malaysia (Malaysia)
Nepal Polymer Institute (Nepal)
Koninklijke Nederlandse Chemische Vereniging (Netherlands)
Royal Society of New Zealand (New Zealand)
Chemical Society of Nigeria (Nigeria)
Norsk Kjemisk Selskap (Norway)
Polska Akademia Nauk (Poland)
Sociedade Portuguesa de Química (Portugal)
Colegio de Químicos de Puerto Rico (Puerto Rico)
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russia)
Comité Sénégalais pour la Chimie (Sénégal)
Serbian Chemical Society (Serbia)
Slovak National Committee of Chemistry for IUPAC (Slovakia)
Slovenian Chemical Society (Slovenia)
National Research Foundation (South Africa)
Real Sociedad Española de Quimíca (Spain)
Institute of Chemistry, Ceylon (Sri Lanka)
Svenska Nationalkommittén för Kemi (Sweden)
Swiss Academy of Sciences (Switzerland)
Department of Science Service (Thailand)
Türkiye Kimya Dernegi (Türkiye)
Royal Society of Chemistry (United Kingdom)
National Academy of Sciences (USA)
PEDECIBA Química (Uruguay)
Version last udpated 1 December 2024
