RMIT M.Arch Semester 2 2015

manifest destiny _ FROM NORTH TO SOUTH, WE’LL RECLAIM THE CITY

_manifest destiny major project for master of architecture royal melbourne institute technology on a lovely spring 2015 supervised by sean mcmahon

for my family.

taxoplasma gondii

parasite as we know, or not The parasite used to be someone who eats next to someone - was a well known figure in the ancient Greek society. Often recognized to suck their host, detrimental to the well-being of its health, and disregarding from any compassion; parasite are deemed a negative impression on society.

place to live. What is the aim of its living?

Just like any other living organisms, they aim to fulfil basic needs; to have a shelter, to keep on living and to reproduce.

Parasites range in size from microscopic single-celled organisms to worms that is visible to naked eye.

But God didn’t create parasite just to fill A non-mutual ecological relationship His free time. All parasites plays huge between species are living entities that role to keep ecological system in its baluse other living organisms for food and a ance. Everything; is connected.

into the woods Manifest Destiny is influenced by Lebbeus Woods’ works. His baroque sketches and models could very well be machines. Woods’ works proclaim architectural imagination should not be anchored with constraints of finance and buildability. Working widely with reconstructing a city from ashes to a fully functioning city - beneficial for its dwellers - are fine examples of how architecture should purely serve users, not for political importance or thickening some rich guy’s pocket.

His visualisation involving reconstruction of urban war-zones; politics, walls, and cooperative building projects will urge one to imagine entirely new structures, spaces without boundary, unforgivably reconstructing the outermost possibili-

ties of the built environment. If it has to; we should re-imagine the very planet we dwell on.

In an interview with BLDBLOG, Woods discussed about his work; Lower Manhattan. He speculated the future of New York, was that, in the past, numerous discussions had been about New York being the biggest, the greatest, the best - but that all had to do with the size of the city; size of skyscrapers, size of culture, and size of population. But in New York everything was cramped together because the buildings occupied such a limited ground area. He thought maybe New York can establish a new kind of scale - and the scale of the city to the Earth, to the planet. His drew Manhattan sitting firmly on granite base, demon-

strating its towers and skyscrapers.

Everything are constructed densely - including extremely heavy physical weight - on a granite base. Yet, Manhattan is actually built on a small area compared to other cities like Sao Paulo, Mexico City, Kuala Lumpur or any other Asian cities.

Lebbeus Woods encourages architects - or anyone - to re-imagine cities and buildings and whole landscapes as if they have undergone some sort of potentially catastrophic transformation; war, earthquake, etc. Manifest Destiny re-imagine a city being invaded by peculiar object allocation growing and creating its own networks of connectivity. We need to be able to speculate, to create scenarios where authority begins ro-

manticizing its heritage buildings or they decided the street level is no longer safe for pedestrians or perhaps there are no more piece of land to be built on. Manifest Destiny allows such scenarios run and give a chance to investigate a direction and be able to say; this is what it might look like.

manifest destiny Melbourne CBD is populated with 31 000 dwellers where 65% get around city on foot. The figure is expected to increase by 97% in the next 20 years but how do people get around in such dense environment? Can we change the authorship of the city in order to allow safer pedestrian setting? What if we change the way we occupy spaces in the city? What if mode of connectivity is lifted above street level? With so much forgotten spaces in the city, is there a way to develop a city?

we could be bett

ter than this...

This project begins with the investigation on how parasitic architecture, instead of feeding on host & accelerate decaying process could bring the city closer? Parasitic organisms as we know only bring harm to its host but we should also know that parasites have beneficial talents that we could learn. Characteristics and nature of parasitic organisms are investigated and extracted out. As the consequent, I am particularly interested in its ability to take advantage of its host, absorbing nutrients and the aptitude for attaching wherever suits their preferences.

interconnecting the city, on constructability and functions of the new structures might allow. 3 terms involved through the project are; host referring to urban fabric and buildings, parasite as new urban layer and nutrients represents users, location, structure, status and amenities. The nature of this project begins with speculative idea about how cities might evolve but the outcome is more propositional. However, some parasites evolve into epiphyte and create symbiosis between new structures and existing structure and my project also develops into a more symbiotic discussion as it move away from the generating metaThe early stage of this project uses par- phor and into the propositional discusasite as metaphor and as it expanded, sion on the city the metaphor evolves in order to focus on allowing for alternative methods of

Parasitic structures are designed based on parasite’s ability in taking advantage of its host to reclaim ‘forgotten’ spaces like rooftops, motorways, blank building walls, abandoned buildings & unused indoor spaces. A set of rules are set out for the behaviour of the parasite as it invade to redefine the city and regenerating multiple layers of additional fabric of the city.

Step 1 Parasite Preferences Guidelines Step 2 Urban Analysis Step 3 Growth Rule Step 4 Pre-set Programs The steps are spine to algorithm of growth and how new structures will ‘invade’ the city. Consequently, they are applied on micro-hosts / buildings.

wall of change, lebbeus woods

STEP 1 parasite preferences guidelines Parasitism in nature are designed to adapt to various hosts; plant or animal or human, location of attack, position of attack, sequence of attack, intensity, permanency of parasitism and number of parasite and host involved. The first step is crucial to shape characteristics; to give it moral identity.

Manifest Destiny is an attempt to re-imagine a city through learning from nature, attributes and consideration in urban design runs parallel in achieving propositional outcome. A theory written by Melbourne School of Design upon designing an intense city involves Urban DMA. Urban DMA points out ‘Density’, ‘Mix’, and ‘Access’ important set of questions on objective when shaping a city.

Extensive study has been made before deciding which character works best to define new structures’ characteristics.

This range from studying parasitism in nature, parasitism in architecture and mimicking biological parasitism into architectural parasitism.

Parasitism in Nature

Horsehair Worm parasitized crickets to seek water because they are thirsty. This behaviour allows the horsehair worm to emerge from the insect’s body and swim away in the water—an essential step in completing its life cycle.

Makes cricket suicidal.

Emerald cockroach wasp lays eggs into a live caterpillar that’ll hatch and snack on host’s body. The larvae eat their way through the caterpillar’s skin, attach themselves to nearby piece of foliage & form a cocoon. Then, the caterpillar turns bodyguard. It ignores its daily leaf chomping duties entirely and stands guard over the pupae, violently swinging its head at incoming predators, knocking them away.

Filarial worms can cause inflammation of the lymph nodes and lymphedema, or tissue swelling caused by lymph fluid retention in human body. It causes elephantiasis

Blood Flukes lives in the veins of the human body. When people come into contact with water infected with the parasite, it can puncture their skin, cause inflammation and damage the human organs – especially the liver. It is one of the most pervasive parasites

Human Botfly deposits larvae in the flesh of humans

Leucochloridium parasitic worm that uses snails and slugs as an intermediate host. They change the eyes of the snails to make them look like caterpillars to entice birds to eat them.

Once inside the bird the parasite lays it eggs

Candiru candiru catches ammonia scent, swims upstream, and burrows in for a snack. It make its living by sucking blood from the heavily vascularized gills of other freshwater fish

Sarcodes derives sustenance and nutrients from fungi that attach to roots of trees. The plant takes advantage of this mutualism by tapping into the network and stealing sugars from the photosynthetic partner by way of the fungus

Rafflessia grows on single selected vine. No stem, no root, no leaf. Has distaste smell to attract carrion flies hungry for detrius. Biggest flower on earth

Thurber’s Stemsucker with no true stem, roots, or leaves and is completely dependent on its host dyweed plant. From this shrub, the parasite gains its vital nutrients and water

Cytinus Ruber lives inside its host and can only be seen from March to May when it flowers

Mistletoe attach to and penetrate the branches of a tree or shrub by a structure called the haustorium, through which they absorb water and nutrients from the host plant.

Zombie Ant Fungi / Ophiocordyceps Unilateralis fungus that reproduces by manipulating the behaviour of ants emits a cocktail of behavior-controlling chemicals when encountering the brain of its natural target host, but not when infecting other ant species. The fungus ‘knows’ its preferred host

Taxoplasma gondii found in the brain of mammals can affect dopamine levels

Guinea Worm the parasite migrates through the victim’s subcutaneous tissues causing severe pain especially when it occurs in the joints. The worm eventually emerges usually feet

Cymothoa exigua Tongue eating parasite. Starts off its life as male and change its sex later. Enters through fish gills, camp there to mature. It pierces the tongue & starts sucking blood as a source of nutrition, gradually increasing in size until it takes up a large proportion of the mouth.

Sand Food attached to the roots of various desert shrubs. Lacks chlorophyll and is greyish, whitish, or brown in color. It has glandular scale-like leaves along its surface. The plant obtains water not from its host plants, but through stomata in its leaves

Flea wingless, with mouth parts adapted for piercing skin and sucking blood

Urchin Gall Wasps wasps inject eggs under oak tree skin, making it a babysitter. Prompt oak trees to grow galls, abnormal plant tissue structures that shelter wasp eggs, by injecting a chemical under the tree’s skin. As the larvae grow inside the gall, its chemical tell the tree to channel nutrients to these hungry larvae

Jumping Oak Gall similar to urchin gall but to serve different species of wasps. Falls off a tree, bounces across the ground until it can find a safe place to hatch

Parasitism in Architecture

Wall of Change Built from shambles of war-torn city, the parasites act as infrastructure to provide water purification + electric generator.

Professionals (public+private) will have to work together in building this. New construction, added as needed. Could constitute to new urban architecture.

Cube Restaurant A lightweight restaurant that could easily be assembled and disassembled in order to travel around Europe and find a new location on top of important monuments and spectacular locations.

Ichneumonid The “eggs” are a set of industrial robots which produce the prefab elements that are used for growth. The “host,” in this case, is an old silo at an abandoned harbour in Vienna that was built during Third Reich. The parasite subversively infiltrates this piece of shady history, de-constructs it and adds a new component or function to it.

Paracaidista By taking possession of the public space, a new independent and autonomous address has been created which was inhabited by the artist for 3 months. The word paracaidista, besides meaning parachutist, is the name given in Mexico to people who occupy irregularly a piece of land.

Energy Roof Perugia Serve as canopy on street and entry point to archaeological underground. Designed to be self-sufficient in order to generate energy to the city. Made of photovoltaic, wind turbines and glazed underside.

Urban Diagonal To provide an option against urban sprawl. The redensification or recreation of downtown Los Angeles as a kind of test field for the whole city by adding more circulation layers to existing high rise structure of LA

P9 Mounted on scaffolding, the design comprises a modular system of footbridges and public spaces that can be readily adapted to suit a variety of urban configurations.

The scheme, which is entirely run by its residents, is organized around multiple activities that include residences and offices, positioned alongside art galleries, studios and clubs.

Keret House The house is meant to show that the seemingly impossible dimensions can be used in architecture, although can feel quite claustrophobic given the amount of space.

Sandwiched between 2 buildings, this is the narrowest house on earth (92cm narrowest point, 152cm widest point)

City of Fashion and Design Paris The new structural system supporting this skin is the result of a systematic deformation of the existing conceptual grid of the docks building. An arborescent generating method is used to create a new system from the existing system, that is, ‘growing’ the new building from the old as new branches grow on a tree.

Neon Panther The MSU campus attached to the fourth floor (Neuroscience and Cell Biology) of the Leon Johnson building.

Taxi Dermis The potential for increased porosity between the public and private domains in Venice that will energise the city evolution in comparison to the current separation of public (tourist) invasion and hidden (private) occupation.

Office-Parasite To not blocking the way for people and transport, the construction looks like the two buildings are connected by the construction hovering in the air between them, whereas in fact the entrance is located outside the buildings at the side of the office-parasite. The front facade is made of light & solid polycarbonate

Berlin Free-Zone 3-2 Rethinking government building in Berlin. Instead of wiping away bombed-out buildings and hiding evidence of social conflict, the architecture are new kinds of environments that build egalitarian free spaces out of the ruptures left by failed hierarchies.

The Soft Bridge, Middle East Centre Oxford The project maintains the detached character of the college’s current buildings, allowing them to be read as separate elements, while introducing a contemporary building that conveys the past, present and future evolution of the college, university and city,

A Parasite for Las Palmas Homonymous project architecture for living quarters in urban places is not common. It explored ways to make small-scale interventions in the existing city fabric. The house mobility is meant to be moved by cranes or helicopter

The Heart of the District The pod structure would serve as a hub for an adjacent hotel, drawing passers-by in with its ventricle-like tunnels and entrances. The heart-shaped structure would add extra space over the city street, creating not only an architectural icon, but activating unused space.

Parasitic city Salerno-Reggio Calabria Provides an opportunity to re-engage the surrounding towns with the valleys and other terrain of the area. The proposal calls for a gentle ramping platform that connects the top of the bridge to the bottom of the valley floor, with houses and shops built on the bridge to create a new city grounded in the foundation of the old project.

Eco-Pod Taking advantage of the stalled construction site, EcoPod is a proposal to immediately stimulate the economy, and the ecology; built with custom prefab modules.

They will serve as bio-fuel sources and as micro-incubators for flexible research and development programs.

The voids form vertical public parks/ botanical gardens

A-KAMP47 A vertical encampment designed for urban campers and homeless parasited to a blank wall in Marseille. Made of vinyl tents erected in an industrial corridor, cantilevered off a minimal still lattice. The design is a commentary on the global housing crisis and the market’s inability to house all of humanity

PathĂŠ Foundation Built onto an existing historical structure, the project presented an opportunity to restore the decorative facade on the avenue des Gobelins. From the street level, passers-by can glimpse the globular greenhouse-like addition floating above the restored facade

Excresent Utopia Designed for the homeless that could cling to the sides of lamp posts . Made of cheap and readily available materials like pulleys, nylon and rope lines, the structures are translucent and nearly weightless.

Rucksak House A home; prefabricated, modular constructions that are meant to attach to the abandoned buildings and help natural disaster survivors as well as the overpopulation.

Bunker Gallery Inserts itself under metro station. Once the viewer is suctioned from the street, it reveals itself as an exhibition space offering a multiplicity of views from different levels. The gallery responds to challenge of addressing neglected spaces, generating a singular place, a spontaneous cultural space divergent from the restrained exhibition spaces of Paris.

Billboard House Costs nothing to the occupant; companies pay for the construction & get their product/service advertised. This house is not for homeless but for couples who’s looking for short escape from mundane daily routine, chores and responsibilities. This would transform the city into so many appropriated domestic places

Auto-Defense A modular complex providing an alternative to the defiant lifestyle, by positioning itself in a permanent state of insurrection. Its growth is articulated by the vitality of its spontaneous community colonizing public space

Parasite Designed by DoCK Lab as a provocation towards high rise rigid architecture

Smooth Transition on High Line The parasitical structures on the Green Line no longer seek to force people to meet or understand each other.

These structures provide the chance for people to catch a glimpse of the “other’s� life, without having to deal with established bias and misconceptions.

Prefab Parasite Aiming to turn previously empty vertical surfaces into liveable and attractive private space. Mimicking parasitic qualities, the home is designed for durability and adaptability, evident in its construction out of prefabricated panels so that the home can be affixed onto any wall or pylon large and strong enough to hold it.

Green Brain A university showcase and first point of call for many prospective students. The green of the front door is most visible in its cloud-like awning on Swanston Street and contrasts strikingly against the university’s heritage colours, in a predominantly red brick building.

Ame-Lot A project that inserts itself into an urban interstice: the thickness of a blind wall. It’s within the thickness of these walls that this thin building is constructed. The urban form is an extension of the blind walls, which houses using the existing.

No building is destroyed, and no pollution generated.

41 Cooper Square Stair atrium in a free-form invader of an otherwise conventional interior of straw man “square” spaces to embody Lebbeus Woods’ statement, “I am at war with all authority that resides in fixed and frightened forms.”

Hanging Tower The upside-down skyscraper is composed of lightweight carbon-fiber suspended from a concrete cantilever and wrapped with a shade-providing spiralling metal shell. Latching on to the side of the canyon, the tower is suspended above the Colorado River with views both up and down the canyon and of the Hoover Dam

Parasitic city Salerno-Reggio Calabria Provides an opportunity to re-engage the surrounding towns with the valleys and other terrain of the area. The proposal calls for a gentle ramping platform that connects the top of the bridge to the bottom of the valley floor, with houses and shops built on the bridge to create a new city grounded in the foundation of the old project.

Vacant rooftop

Crowd

Unused space/room

Abandoned structure

Above 5 storey

Heritage building

Characteristics

Intense city layer

Blank wall

Urban node

Motorway air space

Park/garden

Vacant rooftop

endoparasite

Characteristics Vs. Attack location

Alter host’s spatial program

Manipulate host’s colour, facade

Cause inflammation to host I.e.: redness, swollen, painful, hot

Puncture host’s skin

Zombify dead host

Make host babysit the egg/parasite, Telling host to channel them nutrients

mesoparasite

ectoparasite

berlin free zone 3-2, lebbeus woods

STEP 2 urban analysis Once characteristics of parasitic structure are recognized and identified, the second step is to analysis location of attack. As a control method, Melbourne CBD is used due to its familiarity, building height variation, juxtaposition of new buildings with heritage buildings and parasitic ‘nutrients’ are widely available.

done on foot, tram, train and car to gain the idea of how Melbourne CBD is perceived and experienced by Melburnian along with her visitors.

The step assists in designing new structures within a context which is challenged - more like customized - by its host unique peculiarities. This includes, window location, noise level, levelling, user intensity during different times, advertising, cultural artworks and the list goes on.

Analysing possible host or urban area is also a crucial part to generate the algorithm of attack. This narrows down attack-prone locations and allow micro-host / buildings to be further understood.

This step also allow parasitic structures to work with its surrounding; repressThe process was done with help of ing them, hiding from them, celebrating Google Earth to get ‘access’ to rooftops them, making fun of them, improving and aerial view is further understood. them, changing them or even supportApart from that, numerous trips are ing them.

Train network

Train stops

Tram stops

Bus stops

Bicycle network (existing + new)

Commercial public parking

Rooftop bar Rooftop garden Rooftop camping Rooftop cinema

Car-free zone

Park

Free public wifi points

CBD as main host

Attack-prone area

Attack-prone micro-hosts

Possible micro-hosts

Micro-hosts

terrain, lebbeus woods

STEP 3 growth rule Like a living organism, the new structures grow over time according to its characteristics and growth algorithm. This new structures sustain their existence by siphoning energy from the surplus supply demonstrated in host buildings.

This growth rule are distinguished by physical and mental systems. Physical system consist of individual building analysis as listed in Micro-host (Step 2). mental systems consists of Characteristics (Step 1).

The growth rule describes how architecture of new and foreign object could grow yet be in unity, producing a strange network. Its architecture is stable and carefully calculated to give the impression a city could grow and become denser but things are under control. The continually developing society, unfortunately, is obstructed by the inertness of existing system. However, the growth rule responds to existing system and it does not stop there; the rule improvise existing system.

When will it stop growing? Until all abandoned structures are claimed, until all rooftops are being utilized with activities, until all blank walls aren’t gone to waste; until there are no more ‘nutrients’ to be absorbed.

Intense city? It’s a growing city, after all.

Rooftop with proximity to train station

Rooftop 1-3 storey high

Linkage within 30m radius between new structures

Blank walls

Linkage within 30m radius between new structures

Rooftop 3-5 storey high and motorway air space

Linkage within 60m radius between new structures

Abandoned building + space

nine reconstructed boxes, lebbeus woods

STEP 4 pre-set programs Programmatic usage is predetermined variety in the urban environment in the to control and ensure functions of new interests of appreciating both) as well as structures are abiding urban DMA the- space activation. ory, richness of functions, hence, configuring a network of built structure that provides new perspectives or orientation to the public users and importantly; offers new vibrant spaces.

The notion of parasitic structures is dropped here when functions start to diverge to serve its host. Here begins mutualism between existing structure and new structure.

Step 4 is to assign pre-set programmatic usage of which function of parasite will be contrasting with its host to keep the balance of order and incident (urban design term for balancing consistency and

These illustrations in next pages map out infected area & parasite structures where they absorb nutrients from host along Swanston Street and 1 block radius. But when the parasitic structure could no longer animate the space, function & fit (urban design term used to define shaping places to support their varied intended uses) is applied where these new structures become amenity spaces to existing buildings.

The elevated urban layer starts to negotiate with its context thus allowing new option to travel across the city and it is possible to walk from one end to another end without leaving the building. The collage rolls out a set of notable buildings of which the new structure will respond to, such as absorbing their notable qualities.

siteline vienna, lebbeus woods

application The final stage of Manifest Destiny is to put it on test. After the idea of symbiosis in architecture is fully understood, algorithm is ruled in its place; the code is allowed to run.

A set of form testing is run on one sample. Basic geometrical volumes are heavily manipulated in order to achieve propositional outcomes & buildability.

Swanston St is sliced to investigate elevated interconnectivity, silhouette, footprint of new urban layer, levelling & relationship with context. Investigation continues with slicing Swanston St within one block radius to ensure the new structures will not ruin other buildings.

From these sections, a few points are picked to be developed further in terms

of programmatic use, spatial qualities, and relationship with existing structure including skylight, structure, safety and comfort.

A specimen located in Bourke Street where the new structure grows on Royal Arcade rooftop, enveloping around Causeway Inn. It serves as lookout point but absorbing ornament qualities of Royal Arcade. This structure also absorbs crowd, location and status of its host structure in order to keep on living.

Other examples are like public library on top of Asian food outlets, a wedding chapel above bank where it’s connected with indoor adult playground, Sealife 2.0 over heritage hotel and music venue hanging on top of Collins St.

Form experimentation

Form experimentation

Sections Visualizing how the city could be utilized, interactions between users and architecture, relationship between levels of buildings, and documenting juxtaposition of new structure and existing structure.

Music venue; open air concert, enclosed music venue, Melbourne Music Week, Melbourne White Night, Midsumma, Melbourne International Jazz Festival

Urban farming; hyd ty farming, commun

Collins St.

Flinders La.

Flinders St.

Aquarium: SEA Life Melbourne 2.0

Adult p park, Kru Moomba Festival

Chapel / Cathedral; wedding chapel, LGBT chapel

playground; extreme sports ump Park, ball pool, skate park, a Festival, Melbourne Fringe

Library; free library, micro-library, State Library Express, charging station

Lonsdale St.

Bourke St.

Little Collins St.

droponic, communinity environment park

Little Bourke St.

Theatre; Melbourne Art Centre, Urban Theatre, cinema, art gallery, emerging artists’ exhibition space, Melbourne Designer Market, Founder Keepers Market

Wellness: Spa & h beautician, hair sa cure

La Trobe St.

Little Lonsdale St.

Lonsdale St.

Food court: Asian food court

health service, sauna, alon, manicure pedi-

Victoria St.

Franklin St.

Little La Trobe St.

Education: RMIT Robotic Team, Kuka room, advance architecture lab, 3d printing lab, laser cutting lab, Arduino class, scripting playground

Wellness: Spa & health service, sauna, beautician, hair salon, manicure pedicure

Library; free library, micro-library, State Library Express, charging station

Aquarium: SEA Life Melbourne 2.0

Adult playground; extreme sports park, Krump Park, ball pool, skate park, Moomba Festival, Melbourne Fringe Festival Chapel / Cathedral; wedding chapel, LGBT chapel

Music venue; open air concert, enclosed music venue, Melbourne Music Week, Melbourne White Night, Midsumma, Melbourne International Jazz Festival

Elizabeth St.

Food

Bar & club: Thematic bar, Hanging Club

Russell St.

Swanston St.

d court: Asian food court

Section along Lonsdale St.

Russell St.

Elizabeth St.

Swanston St.

Amenities: ME Bank creative village, Melbourne Central leisure place, breakout space for Melbourne Centre & ME Bank Tower

Section along La Trobe St.

Street views Envisioning pedestrian visual documentation, projecting experience from street level since Swanston Street is pedestrian and cyclist friendly, and ensuring density of new structure + sky is in balance.

SEA Life 2.0 at the corner of Flinders & Swanston Street. Entrance is via Young & Jackson Hotel. Mesoparasite

The street skyline is getting more intense, permeability now becomes part of city silhouette. Vertical connections are located at higher traffic volume

Vertical connector located at larger crowd area to tap crowd into new structure. Architectural qualities are absorbed from notable hosts, in this case, Victoria architecture that could be found in Royal Arcade building.

What is the place of one person - any individual - in the complex, ever-changing landscape of the world? It is a question without a fixed or universal answer.

Lebbeus Woods

Moments User experience with relation to its interiority, indoor ambiance, volume of light in a space, taste of linkage safety as compared to street level, and to seize the moment where everyone could utilize an new city layer.

Attaching on blank walls and skylight-free rooftops provide opportunities to embrace the juxtaposition of which parasitic structure could be used for amenities such as micro urban farming or breakout space.

Larger connectors could be rented out for small business like coffee cart.

A linkage serving as additional study space or student union operation room for RMIT as it hangs between Building 37 and Building 8.

system wien, lebbeus woods

conclusion The importance of the letting it initially run parasitic is to be found in the residue of its aspirations. This can be a physical transformation of the urban systems and will cause the city to better fit the needs of the capricious society. Another residue is the awareness with users of the parasite. This is not about a physical, but a mental transformation of the urban systems.

According to stereotypes, parasite is a political means that has less favourable place in our society. Somehow, we often forgot its virtue; enable to react swiftly according to changes in our built environment, it withdraws itself from the existing system of legislation, and foreseeing boundaries between possibilities and admissibilities. Parasitic architecture

with ability to perform mutualism, is thus an effective means for architect to create the rapidly changing desires of society into urban shapes.

Summing it all up, Manifest Destiny is a project to experiment the authorship of the city, suggesting an alternative connecting device among existing urban grain, increase the city’s interconnectedness, changing the way we occupy forgotten spaces in increasingly dense urban area and learning from the results of having a network of elevated symbiotic structures, with the hope that we can rethink relationships and connectivity within the city.

references 1. Lara Schrijver, The archipelago city: piecing together collectivities; Oase 71, 2006, Nai Uitgevers, Rotterdam 2. Lebbeus Woods, The Storm and the Fall; 2004, Princeton Architectural Press, New York 3. Geoff Manaugh,“Without Walls: interview with Lebbeus; 2007, http:// bldgblog.blogspot.com/2007/10/without-walls-interview-with-lebbeus.html 4. Http://members.chello.nl/j.jongeleen/ guidelines.html 5. Liesbeth Melis, Parasite paradise: a manifesto for temporary architecture and flexible urbanism

6. Francois Blanciak, Siteless : 1000 building forms 7. Stan Allen, Landform building : architecture’s new terrain 8. Bjarke Ingels, Hot to cold : an odyssey to architectural adaptation 9. Hartmut Bohnacker, Generative design : visualize, program, and create with processing 10. Daniel Shiffman: Learning Processing : a beginner’s guide to programming images, animation, and interaction 11. Frei Otto, Frei Otto : complete works : lightweight construction, natural design

12. Lorraine Farrely, Drawing for urban design 13. Simone Schleifer, Cloud9 : rooftop architecture 14. Rafael Cuesta, Urban design 15. K. Al-Kodmany and M. M Ali, The future of city tall buildings and urban design 16. Merel Pit, Karel Steller and Gerjan Streng, #1 : Parasitic architecture 17. City of Melbourne, Plan our Melbourne