2ND BACHILLERATO GENERAL GRAMMAR REVISION 1.- TENSES A. Write questions for the following answers: a) My older brother often shouts at John and me. b) It took us three hours to reach the top of the mountain. c) We are going to have fish and chips for supper tonight. d) We've been friends since we were children. e) They started learning English ten years ago. B. Fill the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. a) Dan seldom (listen) ................................... to the radio. b) The pupils (take) ............................. the English test right now. c) Now I (realise) ................................... that I made a mistake. d) (Andy / have) ................................... a birthday party last week? e) If you go out without a jacket, you (catch) ............................... a cold. Write questions for the following answers: a) I often do my homework in my room. b) Jane and Claire write to each other regularly. c) The new neighbours are going to move in next week. d) John and Mike were playing football yesterday. e) She´s been learning English since she was ten. B Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. a) Did you post the letter after you (write) ..................................it? b) I(be born)........................in London but (spend)...............................most of my childhood in the country. c) When I (see) .........................him he (sit) ......................asleep in a chair. d) He(already write).................................a lot of letters but his sister(not write)......................................many. e) At present he (read)................................an English novel;it is the third novel he (read)................................this year. f) My sister (drop)............................two cups while she (wash up)...............................last night; neither of them (break)................................. A) Write the verbs in the correct tense: Present Simple/Cont., Past Simple/Cont Present Perfect (Simple/Continuous), Past Perfect (Simple/Continuous). 1. I closed the door quietly because he(try)...................................to sleep. 2. How many times(she-call)....................................since he came to N.Y.?
3. The children are filthy. Where (they-be)...............................................? 4. I´m going to bed. I(work)..........................................for hours and I am tired. 5. Mary was cleaning the windscreen when she (notice)................................ a crack in the glass. 6. I couldn´t open the office door because someone (lock)................................it. 7. I agree: I (not think)......................................you should apologize. 8. When I phoned her she(do).........................................her homework. 9. When I shouted they (jump)...............................off the roof and (run)..................away. 10. Don´t phone her just now. She (talk).........................................to her boss. 11. Oh! You (have).....................................a shave! You look strange without a beard. 12. Sorry, I (not understand)........................................... Could you say that again, please? 13. There was nobody at the office. Mr. Brownlow (tell).................................... the staff to go home. 14. How many times (you see)................................................him since he went to Edinburgh? 15. They are very angry. They (try)..............................................to see you for the last two or three hours. 16 I had a pleasant surprise when I got to my room: someone (put).....................................some flowers there for me. 17. Don´t make a noise: the children (try).............................................to sleep. 18. We (sit).............................................in the sunshine for about twenty-five minutes when I suddenly felt sick. 19.He’ll be ready in a moment. He (clean).....................................his shoes. 20. It´s the most comfortable car I (ever-drive)..................................................... B) Write questions for the following answers: 1. It´s sunny but very windy. ................................................................................................ 2. The train always arrives at 10.30 ................................................................................................ 3. Melanie and John were going to interview a famous actor in Miami. ...................................................................................................... 4. It took them three hours to get there. ...................................................................................................... 5. She´s had that book since she was at school. ........................................................................................................
2.- GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES C) Rewrite these sentences, starting with a gerund. You may need to change some words. 1. A good way of keeping fit is to swim every day.
............................................................................................................................... 2. It takes a long time to learn a foreign language. ............................................................................................................................... 3. Clean the machine more often; that will solve your problems. .............................................................................................................. 4. Grow your own food. It’s less expensive. ............................................................................................................................... 5. Give up smoking; it will make you feel better. ............................................................................................................................... 6. It is cheaper to go by rail than by air. ............................................................................................................................... 7. You are not allowed to smoke in here. ............................................................................................................................... 8. It’s not very pleasant to be in hospital. ............................................................................................................................... 9. It’s very difficult to windsurf properly. ............................................................................................................................... 10. It’s more difficult to speak a foreign language than to read it. .............................................................................................................
Write these setences, changing the verbs into gerunds. 1. Do you like ( make ) cakes? 7. I miss ( have ) a coffee with her after work. 2. I dislike ( get up ) at seven o’clock every morning. 8. I love ( sit ) here by the sea in the evenings. 3. I started ( work ) for this company eight years ago. 9. I think it’s time to stop ( play ) tennis. 4. Do you prefer ( travel ) by plane or by ship? 10. What time did you finish ( do ) your homework last night? 5. I hate ( write ) ‘thank you’ letters. 11. Why don’t you like ( go ) to discos? 6. I gave up ( drive ) after I had a bad accident. 12. I think I’ll start ( pack ) my suitcase. F) Write the verbs in the box in the correct form in these sentences. Use each verb once only. have move
learn study
help say work look after eat go
live walk
see watch smoke write go out get up become make
1. ............................... is unhealthy, but a lot of people find it difficult to stop. 2. I’m fed up with ......................................... in the city; it’s too dirty and crowded. 3. I enjoy .................................. in the garden at weekends. 4. I have decided to stop ...................................... in the evenings so that I can save some money for my holidays. 5. He’s an artitstic person; very good at ................................... poetry. 6. That machine? Oh, it’s used for .................................... toasted sandwiches. 7. She’s going to continue ..................................... for another two years, until her exams. 8. Before ........................................ a teacher, he worked in advertising. 9. They don’t like .......................... and go everywhere by car. 10. They’re thinking of ................................... house. 11. They’ve given up ................................ meat. 12. I’m not really interested in .............................. to university. 13. ........................................ children can be very tiring. 14. We’re looking forward to ................................. you. 15. They hate ................................... early in the morning. 16. Thank you for ............................ me with my homework. 17. They’re very keen on ........................... how to play chess. 18. We love ............................. parties at weekends. 19. She left without .............................. goodbye. 20. ......................... television seems to be our national sport. Fill in the blanks with a gerund or an infintive, or both where possible. a) We began (do)............................our homework at eight o´clock. b) The doctor recommended (walk)................................every day. c) I can´t stand (travel)...........................on buses. d) The hotel allow guests (park)....................in the underground carpark. e) The pupils like (have).........................their lessons outside on the grass in spring. f) Doris loves (go)............................to the beach in the summer. g) Because the students continued (make).................................a noise their teacher gave them more work to do. h) His parents permit him (stay out)............................late at weekends, but not on school nights. h) When will you start (study)..............................for your exam? i) The bank advised (put)..........................our money into a special account.
3.- PASSIVE VOICE D. Write the following sentences in the passive. a)The crowd shouted him down. b) They will have to adopt a different attitude. c) The burglars had cut an enormous hole in the steel door. d) Someone switched on a light and opened the door. e) The author has written a special edition. f) The manufacturers are giving away an artificial rose with each packet of cereal. g) They didn't look after the children properly. B. Passive. Write the question form of the following sentences. a) English is widely spoken in this country. .................................................................................................. b) Food is being eaten right now in this class. .................................................................................................. c) A woman will be elected president in our next elections. .................................................................................................. d) The three houses have been painted this week. .................................................................................................. C. Write sentences a),b),c),d) in the active voice. a).................................................................................................... b).................................................................................................... c).................................................................................................... d)................................................................................................... D. Write the following sentences in the passive. 1. They first developed the polio vaccine in the 1950´s. 2. To record you must press the red button and the black button at the same time. 3. You should make the sandwiches just before you leave. 4. People are sending blankets and clothes to the flood victims. 5. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 6. The technicians were repairing my fax machine when I arrived.
7. The crew will bury the sailor at sea. 8. Toyota sells cars in many countries. 9. They add sugar to fruit in order to make jam. 10. The tour guide showed us around the city. 11. She paid the workers three months´salary when she closed down her business. 12. The boss has offered him a rise for his hard work. 13. Did you take the car to the garage yesterday? 14. We will call you when your turn comes. 15. My parents may give my brother the car for the first time tonight. 16. Do they clean the rooms every day? 17. They are painting their house this week. 18. Everyone in our school knows her well. 19. They are going to redecorate the room. 20. She didn´t tell anyone about the phone call.
SPECIAL PASSIVE EXERCISE A Read the sentence and then write another sentence with the same meaning. 1. It is said that many people are homeless because of the flood. 2. It is known that the Governor is in favour of the new law.
3. It is expected that the President will lose the election. 4. It is believed that the thieves got in through the kitchen window. 5. It is alleged that she drove through the town at 90 miles an hour. 6. It is reported that two people were seriously injured in the accident. 7. It is said that three men were arrested after the explosion.
EXERCISE B There are a lot of stories about Arthur, but nobody knows whether they are true. Make sentences with supposed to. 1. People say that Arthur is very rich. 2. People say that he has 22 children. 3. People say that he sleeps on a bed of nails. 4. People say that he inherited a lot of money. 5. People say that he writes poetry.
EXERCISE C Now use supposed to with its other meaning. In each example what happens is not what is supposed to happen. Use supposed to or not supposed to with one of these verbs: Come
be
call
study
have
1. What are the children doing at home? They.......................................................at school. 2. He....................................................in the evenings, but he always goes out. 3. Don´t put sugar in your tea. You know you...........................................................sugar. 4. Oh no! I..................................................Ann, but I completely forgot. 5. They arrived very early – at 2:00. They.........................................................until 3:30.
4.- HAVE SOMETHING DONE EXERCISE A Answer the questions in the way shown. Example: “Did Liz make that dress herself?” “No, she had it made. 1. “Did you cut your hair yourself?” 2. “Did they paint the house themselves?” 3. “Did Jim cut down that tree himself?” 4. “Did Sue repair the car herself?”
EXERCISE B This time complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses (...) Example: We are having the house painted (the house/paint) at the moment. 1. Your hair is too long. I think you should ...........................................(it/cut). 2. How often ........................................................(you/your car/tune up)? 3. The engine in Tom´s car couldn´t be repaired, so he ........................................................ (a new engine put in). 4. ...........................................................(you/your newspaper/deliver) or do you buy it yourself at the store? 5. A: What are those workers doing in your garden? B: Oh, I ....................................................(a swimming pool/build). 6. A: Can I see the pictures you took on your vacation? B: I´m afraid not. I....................................................(not/the film/develop)yet. 7. Is it true that many years ago he.....................................................(his portrait/paint) by a famous artist?
5.- CONDITIONALS A. Fill the blanks with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. 1. If she (not want) .......................... to arrive late, she´ll have to hurry. 2. I won´t go out if it (not stop)...............................…raining. 3. She would swim in the national competitions if she (be)............................a better swimmer. 4. If drivers were more considerate, there (be)................................fewer accidents. 5. If the runner hadn´t fallen, he(not twist)......................................his ankle. 6. I wouldn´t have got a rise in my salary if Martin (not help)....................................me prepare the
report. 7. If the baby (touch)..................................the heater, she will burn herself. 8. If you (lose)................................my pen, you must buy a new one. 9. I(fix)...........................my own bike if I knew how to. 10. If you could choose any city, where (you live)......................................? D. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the original sentences. Use the words in brackets. 1. He is going to fail the test unless he studies seriously. (if) 2. She won´t be able to help me unless I arrive early in the morning. (if) 3. Andrew never believes anything if he doesn´t see it with his own eyes. (unless) 4. Barbara usually walks to work if no one gives her a lift. (unless) 5. The rock star won´t apear unless the reporters are there. (if)
B. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the original sentence (conditionals). a) The runner twisted his ankle because he fell. If............................................................................................................................. b) Diana is always late for work because she wakes up late. If............................................................................................................................. c) We didn´t buy the house we wanted because it was too far from the city. We would............................................................................................................... d) Brenda doesn´t pass her driving because she´s always so nervous. If............................................................................................................................. e) We didn´t move to Paris last year and so I didn´t learn French. If.............................................................................................................................
6.- MODALS AND MODAL PERFECTS B) Rewrite the following sentences using modals. 1. If you want my advice, get a good lawyer! You should get a good lawyer! 2. A university degree is not necessary for that job. You ...
3. He can only leave work at ten o’clock tonight. ( able ) He ... 4. Perhaps my father will pick you up.
My father ...
5. It isn’t necessary to make an appointment at the hairdresser’s. 6. Eating is forbidden in class. ( eat )
You ...
You ...
7. The boss allows the workers to have one afternoon off a week. The workers ... 8. Don’t take the CD without asking permission. 9. My car needs cleaning. I’ll take it tomorrow.
You ... I ...
10.
She hasn’t phoned. Perhaps she is abroad. ( may )
11.
Perhaps Mike will be to busy to see us. ( be )
12.
I expect her to pass her driving test. She drives well.
13.
I suggest you go and see a doctor
She ...
Mike ... She ...
You ...
A. Complete the sentences with the correct form of CAN, COULD or BE ABLE TO. If it is possible to use CAN/COULD or BE ABLE, use CAN/COULD. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
He is very fit for his age. He .........................(run) really fast. I´d like....................................(work) with you one day. He ......................................(not climb) up to the top;he was too scared. If they hadn´t phoned for an ambulance, he...............................................(die) I love.......................................(spend) all morning in bed at the weekends. I ..........................................(not understand) what he says: he speaks too quickly.
B. Put these sentences into the past, using the perfect infinitive. 1. You shouldn´t say that. ............................................................................... 2. They might not go. ...................................................................................... 3. She couldn´t know. .................................................................................... 4. The machine ought to work. ....................................................................... 5. They can´t leave .......................................................................................... 6. We ought to stop them. ............................................................................... 7. Should I tell the teacher? ............................................................................ 8. Could they help me? ....................................................................................
9. Ought I to stay? ........................................................................................... 10. He can´t be there ........................................................................................ 11. They might not like it .................................................................................... 12. He may agree .............................................................................................. 13. Couldn´t John drive the car? ........................................................................ 14. Shouldn´t he check the information? ........................................................... C. Put COULD, MUST, SHOULD, MIGHT, or CAN´T in the past tense in the spaces provided. Sometimes more than one answer is possible. 1. How did you know about the wedding? Someone ............................................. (tell) you! 2. The money was on the desk: I .......................................(take) it, but I didn´t. 3. I know you were angry, but you.............................................(not be) so rude. 4. I don´t know who sent these flowers; it ...........................................(be) Jane. 5. She ......................................(not move) abroad – she hates foreign countries. 6. .......................................(you not be) just a little more polite? 7. They ..............................................(not know) about the plans for the new factory – it´s not possible. 8. I think you ............................................(tell) your parents you were going to be late. They were very worried. 9. They ............................................(not get) into the house through a window. they were all closed. 10. They .............................................( not leave) without being seen by anybody. 11. I .................................................(go) for a swim if I´d wanted to. 12. You .........................................(apologise) for being late. 13. We don´t know who took the money. The office was full of people and it ................................(be) any of them. 14. I ............................................(not say) such a terrible thing. 15. I ............................................(not leave) my keys at home – I´m sure they were in my pocket. 16. He ...........................................(warn) us that he was going to leave his job. 17. She tried to contact me, but the phone ................................................(be) engaged. A) Fill in the blanks with mustn’t, don’t have to / needn’t. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Pupils don’t have to / needn’t attend the game. It’s optional. You ............................... leave knives in places where babies can get hold of them. We ................................ bring sandwiches. Food will be provided. You ................................. play with that knife! You’ll cut yourself. We ............................... rush. We’ve got plenty of time. If the snow continues, you ........................................ drive that long way. I .................................... pay the phone bill until next week. People ................................ smoke in non-smoking areas.
B) Fill in the blanks with the positive or negative form of should / ought to. 1. People should check their tyres frequently.
You ....................................... tell him all your problems when he’s feeling so ill. Jerry ................................... be here by now. He said he would be leaving his house at 8.30. You ....................................... pay the gas bill. It’s due tomorrow. My bike has got a flat tyre. What ..................................... I do? Take it to the garage or fix it myself? 6. Your soup might be cold. ..................................... I heat it up for you? 7. Do you have a headache again? Maybe you ..................................... lie in the sun so much. 8. Why are you home so early? You ...................................... be at work now. 9. Someone broke into Tom’s house last night. I .............................. go and see if he needs help. 10. You really .............................. bite your nails. It’s a disgusting habit. 2. 3. 4. 5.
C) Find the mistake and correct it. 1. He must to be there by six o’clock. 2. Do you like to go out tonight? 3. You don’t have to park here. It’s forbidden. 4. You should talked to him. He’s very upset. 5. He can be able to speak three languages. 6. I had like some coffee, please. 7. You ought see a doctor. 8. Did you can finish your work last night? 9. Shall you go out tonight? 10.
Will you like some coffee?
11.
They mustn’t read that book. It’s not included in the list for the exam.
12. year.
We always spend our summer holidays in Scotland, but we don’t may go there this
13.
I think she will can drive in a week
7.- REPORTED SPEECH C. Put the following into reported speech. a)"When are you planning to come to Darlington?” b)'Where will you be tomorrow?” c)"I don't think you should go to in the winter.”
d)"Did any of you see the accident happen?" e)"It isn't so foggy today as it was yesterday."
Rewrite the following sentences in indirect speech. 1. “If it rains this afternoon it will be too wet to play the match tomorrow”, the captain said. 2. “Did any of you see the accident happen last night?” said the policeman. 3. “We have a lift but very often it doesn´t work”, said my aunt. 4. “Can you tell me why Paul left the university without taking his degree?” Paul´s sister asked me. 5. “Please don´t make an official complaint.”, the manager said to her. 6. “I don´t think you should go to England in the winter” Mary said to Peter. 7. “How long have you been learning English?”, the examiner said. 8. “Stand still!”, he said to the children. 9. “When are you planning to come to Darlington?”, Bill said to his friend. 10.“Do you grow your own vegetables?” Mary asked me. 11. “Don´t take the rest of the day off!. We are very busy.”, the manager said to Mary. 12. “The mirror is there so that you can see yourself when you are dancing.”, explained the teacher to the pupil. 13. “Did you hear a terrible crash about 3 a.m. this morning?”, said Mary. 14. “How did you go up that tree?”, Mary asked me. 15. “Where can I get the bus to Liverpool?”, Peter said to a policeman.
16. “How long does it take to get to Edinburgh by bus?” said Paul. 17. “ Please come round and see us any time”, our friends said to us. 18. “Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun”, he said. 19. “Please wait in the lounge till your flight number is called”, the airhostess said to the passengers. 20. “We will take the children to the zoo as soon as it stops raining”, Mary said to me.
Rewrite the following sentences in direct speech. 1. She told me to look where I was going. 2. They said that while they were bathing they saw someone examining their clothes. 3. I asked if she had looked everywhere. 4. They offered me some wine and I accepted. 5. He said that if I didn´t like the escalators I could go up the emergency staircase. 6. He wanted to know if I was going to the dance. 7. I asked him if he had enjoyed his military service. 8. He said that the new carpet had arrived.
8.- RELATIVES A.Read the two sentences ad then write one sentence with the same meaning. Make “contact clauses” omitting the relative pronoun whenever possible. 1. The street is very wide. The street leads to the school. 2. The person is not very clever. The person is sitting next to me. 3. The music is a Strauss waltz. The orchestra is playing the music.
4. The doctor is famous. She visited the doctor. 5. Women are to be admired. Women work in hospitals. 6. The cigarette is a Player´s. You are smoking the cigarette. 7. The lady has gone to London. She was here yesterday. 8. The letter had no stamp on it. We received the letter yesterday. 9. The girl is very pretty. She lives opposite my house. 10. The dress is lovely. Mary is wearing the dress.
B. Relatives with prepositios: Read the two sentences and join them with relatives. 1. The paint on the seat is still wet. You are sitting on the seat. 2. The knife is very sharp. We cut bread with the knife. 3. The man has died. I gave the book to him. 4. The horse came in last. You were telling me about it yesterday. 5. The pretty girl slapped Cyril´s face yesterday. You were speaking to her. 6. The glass hasn´t been washed. You are drinking out of it. 7. Here comes the girl. I am hiding from her. 8. The house is my house. They are looking at it. 9. The girl is very attractive. He is going out with her. 10. The music is very beautiful. You are listening to it.
C. Join the pairs of sentences with WHOSE 1. There´s the lady. Her purse has been stolen. 2. What´s the name of that man? His wife has run away and left him. 3. The policeman is at the door. You knocked off his helmet. 4. The girl has left the room. I was talking to her mother. 5. The woman came to see me. Her husband was arrested by the police. 6. The girl went to the police station. Her passport had been stolen. 7. The man was worried. His wife had been taken to hospital. 8. The woman is a teacher. Her son lives in Birmingham. 9. The woman is crying. Her baby is in hospital. 10. The man is an actor. His wife is a millionaire.
Non-defining relative clauses (Oraciones explicativas) A Join these sentences with WHO or WHICH. 1. The Prime Minister will push for stricter controls on industrial fumes. He visited our factory last week. 2. My new gallery is a great success. You visited it last week. 3. Alfred Hitchcock made the classic film Psycho. He was born in 1899. 4. The Kremlin Jewels were exhibited in Germany some years ago. They rarely leave the Soviet Union. 5. The Tower of London attracts more than two million visitors a year. It was the largest fortress in mediaeval Europe.
Co-ordinating relative clauses These sentences refer to the whole of the previous clause, and they always use WHICH. Henry VIII executed two of his wives, which shows he was cruel. (Enrique VIII ejecutó a dos de sus esposas, lo cual demuestra que era cruel.) “which shows he was cruel” refers to the fact he executed his wives, not to the wives themselves. In the following sentences, decide if which refers to a) The Word or phrase preceding it which b) The whole of the previous clause 1. It rained when we were at Hampton Court, which we visited yesterday. 2. It rained while we were in the maze, which was a pity. 3. The king was jealous of Wolsey because of Hampton Court, which was so magnificent. 4. You can go to Greenwich by boat, which is pleasant. 5. The part of the town where I live is very noisy at night, which makes it difficult to sleep. 6. He offered me to let me stay in his house, which is near the Thames. 7. They didn´t thank us for the meal before they left, which was very rude of them. 8. Jill doesn´t have a phone, which makes it difficult to contact her.
Join these sentences using relative pronouns. Begin with the words given. Omit the pronoun if possible and add commas if necessary. 1. My school is very big. It is in Madrid. My school… 2. Robert Pattinson is an actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga. Robert Pattinson… 3. Robert Pattinson is a British actor. He plays Edward Cullen in the Twilight saga. Robert Pattinson… 4. I bought this cake yesterday. It tastes delicious. The cake… 5. Michael is a policeman. His father is a judge. Michael… 6. I bought a computer last month. It doesn’t work properly. The computer… 7. Prince Charles will be the king of England one day. His mother is the Queen. Prince Charles… 8. I was given a dog. It is very friendly.
The dog… 9. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written by Mark Twain. I enjoyed it a lot. The Adventures… 10. Mrs. Kelly is the woman. She took me to hospital when I fainted at school. Mrs. Kelly…
9.- CONNECTORS A. Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the original sentences. Use the words in brackets. 1. Owing to my illness, I cancelled my holiday. (because) 2. In my family, we all have long conversations on the phone. Consequently, our phone bills are high. (result) 3. Although the jacket was expensive, he bought it. ( in spite of) 4. My brother is very busy at work. My sister is on holiday. (whereas) 5. There is a shopping centre in this town and many small shops as well. (In addition) 6. Despite his age, he´s very active. (although) 7. Despite the doctor´s advice to stop smoking, she hasn´t stopped. (even though) 8. I took a cookery course in order to be able to make special dishes. (so that) 9. Contrary to me, my sister is an excellent swimmer. (whereas) 10. He drove through a red light and was given a ticket. (as a result) 11. There are many methods of communicating nowadays, for example, letters, faxes and E-mail. (such) 12. Everyone arrived at school on time with the exception of Jack. (for) B. Connectors. Choose the correct answer. a) .........................being over 70 years old, she leads a very active life.
Although In spite of Even though b) This is a wonderful museum for children. .................................having wonderful exhibits, they allow the children to touch everything. On the contrary Whereas Besides c) Spain exports olives and wine................................cars. in addition as well as such as d) .........................Mary, no one from our class turned up at the meeting. Moreover Whereas Apart from e) We read all the reports............................we could decide what to do. in order to because of so that f) I won´t forgive you ...............................your apology. in spite of nevertheless however
10.- CONCESSIVE CLAUSES (Although / Even though vs. Despite / In spite of) A) Complete the sentences with although or in spite of. 1. ................................it was very hot, he didn´t take his coat off. 2. ................................of the fact I hadn´t studied hard for the exam, I passed it. 3. We decided to go camping ..................................the rain. 4. ..................................we worked a lot last year, we didn´t earn enough. 5. She didn´t look depressed.................................the terrible situation she was going through. 6. ...................................my children are 12 years old, they still believe in Father Christmas. 7. ..................................all my careful plans, a lot of things went wrong. 8. ........................................I had planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. 9. I love music, ........................................I can´t play a musical instrument. 10.
..................................being very tired, we kept on walking.
11. The heat was turned all the way up, but....................................this the house was still cold. 12.
Keith decided to quit his job, ...................................I advised him not to.
B) Rewrite the sentences beginning with the words provided. 1. Although he´s got a lot of money, he never spends a penny. In spìte of ........................................................................................................... 2. In spite of his young age, he had travelled around the world. Although ............................................................................................................. 3. Despite living in a big house, they only use the ground floor. Although............................................................................................................... 4. Although we enjoy watching films, we seldom go to the cinema.
Despite ................................................................................................................ 5. He rescued the little girl although he couldn´t swim very well. In spite of ............................................................................................................ 6. We finally bought the car in spite of the fact it was very expensive. Although .............................................................................................................. 7. Although he´s got a French name, he is in fact American. Despite ................................................................................................................ 8. In spite of her injured foot, she managed to walk home. Although................................................................................................................ 9. We lost the match, although we were the better team. Despite ................................................................................................................. 10.
In spite of not having eaten for 24 hours, I didn´t feel hungry.
Even though ......................................................................................................... 11.
I decided to accept the job, although the salary was low.
I decided to accept the job, in spite of................................................................... 12.
I couldn´t sleep, although I was tired.
I couldn´t sleep despite .........................................................................................
11.- RESULT CLAUSES A) Complete the sentences with so, such or such a(n). 1. He was ..............happy that he invited us for a drink. 2. They´re .................lovely people that we enjoy their company. 3. Joanne is ..................elegant woman that everybody admires her. 4. He´s .................popular singer that he sells thousands of CDs. 5. They were ..............cheap books that we bought quite a few. 6. Sunday afternoons are ....................boring that we never know what to do. B) Rewrite these sentences keeping the meaning of the original sentence as much as possible. 1. The box was so heavy that he couldn´t lift it. It was such ....................................................................................................................... 2. They were such naughty children that they were punished by the teacher. The children were .............................................................................................................. 3. The English language is so important that many people learn it every day. English is such.................................................................................................................... 4. Sarah was such a young girl that her parents wouldn´t leave her alone. Sarah was ..........................................................................................................................
5. These people are so poor that they always need help. They are ............................................................................................................................ C) Complete these sentences. 1. We had a lot of problems. We hadn´t expected to have so......................................................................................... 2. It´s a long way from your house to the airport. I didn´t know it was so ....................................................................................................... 3. It took us a long time to get home this evening. It doesn´t usually take us so .............................................................................................. 4. You´ve got a lot of furniture in this room. Why have you got so ..........................................................................................................? D) Use such instead of so. 1. The book was so good that I couldn´t put it down . It was .................................................................................................................................... 2. The weather was so warm that I didn´t need a coat. It ........................................................................................................................................... 3. The road is so narrow that it is difficult for two cars to pass each other. It is ........................................................................................................................................ 4. His feet are so big that he has trouble finding shoes to fit him. He has ................................................................................................................................... 5. Why do you put so much sugar in your coffee? Why ........................................................................................................................................? E) Make a sentence with so from two sentences. 1. She worked very hard. She made herself sick. .................................................................................................................................................. 2. I was very excited about going away. I couldn´t sleep. .................................................................................................................................................. 3. The water was very dirty. We decided not to go swimming. .................................................................................................................................................. 4. She speaks English very well. You would think it was her native language. ..................................................................................................................................................
12.- PHRASAL VERBS A) Underline the phrasal verb in each sentence. 1. I have to call off tomorrow´s meeting.
2. Please put down your hands. 3. I give up! 4. Keep out of my room! 5. The plane can´t take off in this weather. 6. She doesn´t get along with her neighbours. 7. He ran out of the room. 8. My trousers have become worn out at the knee. B) Translate the sentences above into your native language.
C) Choose the correct answer. 1. I am looking (for, into, like) the library. How do I get there? 2. The door is made (up, of, off) metal. 3. Please let her (up, down, in). I can´t answer the door now. 4. The price of the car has come (by, down, on). Let´s buy it. 5. They are planning to go (in, by, away) for the holidays. 6. My dog has run (out of, away, over). Have you seen him? 7. Do you think we should put (up, off, on) our raincoats? 8. When I get home, I´ll turn (open, on, over) the air-conditioning. D) Choose the correct answer. 1. Turn (into, out, off) the radio. 2. She´s very upset. Her cat was run (out of, over, in)by a car. 3. My brother is going to take (up, to, on) the organ. 4. My friend came over and sat (down, up, on) next to me. 5. She felt sick and called (off, on, for) help. 6. If you don´t know a word, you can look it (down, for, up). 7. Did you try (on, off, in) your new clothes?
8. My car broke (up, out, down) on the way home. E) Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the phrasal verbs in the list below. break down
go through
get along with give up
put up with
look forward to
try on
run over
look up to
take off
1. After trying to solve the algebra problem three times without success, he ................................ and went to play football. 2. You boyfriend has got such terrible habits – I don´t know how you....................................him. 3. She..........................................going on holiday next week. 4. The child cried bitterly when he heard that his dog.............................................. 5. If you want to buy furniture, I recommend that you .......................................this catalogue. 6. The plane crashed shortly after it ........................................ 7. If their car......................................., they wouldn´t have been late for the wedding. 8. My sister and I never......................................each other – we always argue. 9. She spent two hours........................................clothes in the department store, and didn´t buy anything. 10. The little girl always .........................................her big brother – even when he treated her badly. F. Choose the correct answer. 1. Jean is so rude; I can´t put ................................her any more. up with
through
off
2. The company turned ......................my application because I didn´t speak Spanish. down
away
off
3. She has taken ......................swimming in order to keep fit. for
to
up
4. The police broke into the empty flat because they saw lights and suspected something was going...................... round
along
on
5. The hall was so full that they had to turn people............................ away
out
off
6. The price of fruit will go ....................this summer because there´s a shortage. down
up
ahead
7 Getting stuck on a dark road is a horrible experience; I never want to go ...................it again.
through
in for
after
8. He always turns ...................when you least expect him. in
on
up
9. The police are looking ........................the theft of cars from the carpark. at
into
for
10. After the accident, we turned .......................our insurance agent for help. to 11.
away
While I was sick, my mother looked ...................to see if I needed anything.
ahead 12.
after
off 14. up 15. up to
in
My brother lit a fire and we had to call the fire brigade to put it......................
down 13.
on
out
away
Mike takes .........................his mother. They both have blue eyes and fair hair. to
after
His parents put...........................a few pounds each week for their annual holiday. aside
in
Jerry is very arrogant. He looks ........................everyone else. down on
out for