PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE a) Form
+ Subject + have/has (if 3rd person singular) + verb in the past participle* + We have studied English - Subject + haven’t/hasn’t (if 3rd p. sing.) + verb in the past participle - We haven’t studied English ? Have/Has (if 3rd p. sing.) + subject + verb in the past participle ? Have we studied English? * Regular verbs: Verb +ed
-
Irregular verbs: 3rd column in the list.
b) Uses - Actions that started in the past and last up to the present.-→ With time expressions 1 I have lived in Guildford for five years
- Past actions which have some kind of effect on the present situation →With time expressions 2 I have already called Joe. - Actions that have happened in a very recent past. → With time expressions 3 I have just seen Mary . - Actions that happened at an unspecified time in the past. (if the past time is specified, we use the past simple) c) Time Expressions. 1 For + time span (periodo de tiempo) Since + the time when the action started (el momento en que comenzó la acción) I have lived in Guildford for five years I have lived in Guildford since 2007.
2 Yet: always placed at the end of the sentence In negative sentences → todavía In interrogative sentences → ya I haven’t finished my homework yet. No he terminado mis deberes todavía.
Have you eaten breakfast yet? ¿Has desayunado ya? Already: Always placed before the main verb In affirmatives → ya I have already called Joe. Ya he llamado a Joe.
3 Just: Always placed before the main verb. I have just seen Mary Acabo de ver a Mary