FIGINI-POLLINI | VIA HARAR | MILANO book 3 proposals 2018 by Jacob Westerman

20th Century Residential Legacies: Figini & Polliniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Building in Quartiere Harar-DessiĂ¨ Book III - Conservation Project

Politecnico di Milano School of Architecture Urban Planning Construction Master in Architecture - Built Environment - Interiors Architectural Preservation Studio Academic Year 2017-2018 Professors: Andrea Canziani, Andrea Adami Professors assistants: Ileana Castelli, Leonardo Calvi, Chiara Ligi, Martina Rosa, Matt Savio

Team 1 Eliza Colunga Edwin James Jacob Westerman

20th Century Residential Legacies Figini & Pollini’s Building in Quartiere Harar-Dessiè Book III - Conservation Project

C O N T E N T S

Analytical Mapping Proposals 1 – Floor Finishes 2 – External Elevations 3 – Internal Elevators 4 – External Elevators 5 – Park Proposal 6 – Fences Bibliography

Analytical Mapping

Metacognition

In the case of reuse/alteration/extension, what types of technical, structural, environmental and societal requirements must be met? And where might this cause possible frictions with the essential heritage features?

WHY?

The reasons / criteria R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

- Thermal performance

- Stability and integrity of

- Solar shading

- Waste and recycling

- Damp

primary structure

- Photovoltaic panels

- Local demographic needs

- Plumbing

- Stability and integrity of

- Solar water heating

- Cultural norm

- Electrical upgrades

secondary structure

- Flora and fauna

- Laws and policy

- Lighting upgrades - Removal of carcinogenic materials - Repainting

FRICTIONS

- Repair of material degradation

Conflicts with requirements P A R A M E T E R S

- Change of material

- Damaged to the existing fabric

-Change of appearance

- Change of fuction

HOW?

By what way or method A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

- Removable additions, revers-

- No intervention shall harm the

- Environmental improvements

- Do not remove redundant

ibility of change

structural integrity

should be visually discrete

features

- Identify the appropriate design

- Identify design approach in

- Changes made should be

- Identify the design approach

approach

remedial works to structural

reversible

on a case by case basis

_ Highlighting changes

elements

- Changes should not negatively

- All changes made should be

made

- Changes made should be

impact on the architectural

reversible

_ Hiding changes made

reversible

authenticity

What criteria are to be set for testing the cultural carrying capacity in scenario studies with regards to (re-)use and the continuity or change of fabric, forms, finishes, facilities, furniture, other architectural features â&#x20AC;&#x201C; volumes, voids, views, materials and colours â&#x20AC;&#x201C; in an equitable approach?

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

3. Utility (Then and now)

10 6. Life of the material

4. Local cultural value 10 5. Replicability

Age New 0

Not easy to replicate

6 10

7 Very used

8 More value

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

$$$$$

Local cultural value Least value

Repicability Easy to replicate

Utility Least used

Original

Economic value of the object $

Has a lot 10

Conservation Project Proposal

one

Floor Finishes

_ Ground floor _ Stairs _ Walkways

External Paving

WHY?

Degradation of the historic materials due to a maintenance program of use until failure, has led to a need to replace the paving. The residents have already opted to replace the paving.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

Degradation of original materials means the paving is no longer maintainable.

The paving has become uneven causing pools of water to form, if this is located close to a wall damp may form in the internal spaces and/or the external finishes may erode.

Foliage has begun to grow within the cracks of the paving, should this go unchecked the plant-life will become unmanageable.

The paving directly affects the perception of the Modern Heritage building, should the paving be left to degrade further the residents and passers by, are less likely to treat the with respect and care.

The replacement material should match the original paving as this was not a failure of the material but it was a failure of the maintenance program.

FRICTIONS

This replacement paving must meet the current mobility regulations.

The paving is part of key design feature of the heritage building, i.e. open ground floor.

The paving is an original material that didnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t fail due to poor technical design, the placement of this material resembles an act of cultural vandalism. A like for like replacement fails to acknowledge the loss of the historic fabric and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t resolve the maintenance issues of the original design.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

The change of the historic material is only permitted due to the state of disrepair of the current paving.

Due to the state of disrepair of the existing paving leaving the paving unchanged will cause more harm to the building.

There will be no change to the function of the paved areas.

Condition of the materials directly affects the perception of a Modern building, and the value given to the heritage building.

Only minor deviations to the aesthetics will be permitted should there be a justifiable need.

HOW?

Removal of degraded paving tiles and replacing them with a suitable substitution.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL The paving shall meet regulatory requirements

all

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

No intervention shall harm the structural integrity

The choice of materials will be dependent on their life expectancy relative to their embodied energy needs.

All changes made should be reversible

The choice of paving will be dependent on its resemblance to the original design.

The material choice should be low maintenance and suitable to area susceptible to vegetation

All changes to the paving shall be homogeneous changes.

External Walkways and Stairs Paving

WHY?

The concrete deck access to the apartments has suffered material degradation due to poor detailing the residents have attempted to remedial works by installing their own tiles however they are not architecturally sensitive to the heritage building.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

Degradation of original materials means that an additional protective element is required

The new material must not compromise the structural integrity of the building.

The choice of materials will be dependent on their life expectancy relative to their embodied energy needs.

The walkways and stair directly affects the perception of the Modern Heritage building, should the areas be left to degrade further the residents , are less likely to treat the building with respect and care.

The new paving must meet the current mobility regulations. The new material must be low maintenance, & durable due to its exposed location.

FRICTIONS

The paving is not an original material the placement of this material changes the perception of the building. Not applying a new homogeneous material finish allows for either the material degradation of the building or the sporadic placement of new material by the residents.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

The addition of a new material is only permissible due to the need of a protective weather barrier.

The additional element is a protective measure for the existing fabric.

There will be no change of function in the newly paved areas.

The choice of material can only be of a material that is part of the original architects material pallet. The condition of the materials directly affects the perception of a Modern building, and the value given to the heritage building.

The change of appearance must be homogeneous and discrete.

HOW?

Removal of existing tiles and the installation of new marble tiles, that were at one point specified by the original architects.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The material choice will be a natural stone that is durable.

To ensure that the surface of the concrete walkway is protected there will be a membrane between the original fabric and the proposed addition.

The use of the chosen material will not suffer from substantial weather degradation thus the new addition has the potential to out live the environmental impact of sourcing the marble.

By using a high quality material that is suitable for its architecture the perception of the value of the building will be increased by the residents and consequentially their likelihood to maintain their building.

The natural stone will be marble, a smooth even material that was originally specified by the architects.

Cultural Carring Capcity of Affected Materials External paving (orignal)

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 0 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

This material has already been lost due to works that have already been carried out.

3. Utility (Then and now)

The new material has been analysised to reflect the change in historic material. 10

6. Life of the material

4. Local cultural value

10 5. Replicability

Ceramic tiles on walkways

External paving (new)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

Tiles on the stairs

Exposed concrete walkways 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 0 10

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

10 10

5. Replicability

Original

Least value

$$$$$

7 Very used

8 1012

More 10

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

More value

Not easy to replicate

Local cultural value

Repicability Easy to replicate

Utility Least used

Economic value of the object $

5. Replicability

Age New

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not 0

Has a lot 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Conservation Project Proposal

two

External Elevation

_ Relocation of satellite dishes _ Management of security doors _ Colour and texture (finishes of the walls) _ Insulation in the East and West Faรงade _ Air conditioning units

Strategy for the East & West Elevations

WHY?

Part of the heritage value of the building comes from the fact that it is a Figini & Pollini building, The architects had a clear design philosophy of expressing building materials natural colours, textures and construction methods. However due to the experimental nature of the design some of the materials were susceptible to degradation. The remedial works that have been undertaken has led to a loss of the artistic expressions of Figini & Pollini, this proposal aims at restoring the artistic expressions in an easily maintainable approach.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The removal of the external insulation necessitates a new layer of internal insulation to allow for a continuation of the thermal performance of the wall.

The removal of the external insulation only affects the thermal performance of the walls as they are non load-bearing.

The insulation should be replaced with a thermal insulative material with an equal or greater performance than the one being removed.

All of the residents of the affected apartments will have to agree to changes.

FRICTIONS

The current material finishes are accepted by the residents and are believed to be of a high standard. Because the building is considered a heritage building the residents will see the change of material and colour of the external finishes as a loss of heritage and an assault onto their homes. Keeping the current finishes will result in the permanent loss of architectural history.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

The external material of the elevations will be homogeneous with the North & South faรงades.

The existing external fabric on the elevations has a minimal heritage value, whereas the restored elevation will have a more authentic value.

There will be no change of function.

The change of appearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The external insulation will be removed, and installed on the interior walls. The Exterior finishes will be restored to match the North and South Elevations.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

Although objective of this proposal is the aesthetic restoration of the external features of the building, The technical requirements are considered of a greater value, therefore if a technical detail is considered flawed than an alternative revised detail shall be used.

The changes of the finishes on the structural elements will only be permitted if they will not comprise the structural integrity of the building.

The internal insulation will be made of organic material.

The restoration of the East & West elevations will restore a vital part of an important building in the contemporary historic architectural discourse.

Removal and relocation of Satellite Dishes

WHY?

The residents of the building have installed satellite dishes onto the south elevation however as a consequence the external elevation has been effected, the design of which in integral to the heritage value of the edifice.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The removal of the of the satellite dishes must have a viable alternative location to allow the residents the same leisure facility.

Satellite dishes must not affect the structural integrity of the building.

The satellite dishes must be movable to allow for technological improvements.

There must be a longterm design code that will be enforced to ensure that the proposal is followed.

The location of the satellite dishes must not be in a visible location.

FRICTIONS

Satellite dishes have a finite existence and are likely to be superceaded by new technology. The residents have already installed AC units and without proper design regulation the external faรงade will be permanently altered.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

There will be no change of external material.

Only minimal contact with the building envelope will be permitted

There will be no change of function.

The change of apearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The satelite dishes shall be relocated to the roof which will ensure that the units are no longer visiable. They will sit on a new removable platform.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The satelite dishes will be located on the roof, they will sit on a prefabricated platfrom.

The intervention shall not harm the structural integrettiy of the building.

The platform will be prefabricated out of steel beams of standard dimensions to allow for their re-use in other projects.

There will be an new design code enforced to prevent the residents from installing the satelite dishes in a location other than the on the roof.

The platform will be accessible via a pre-existing access hatch at the top of the stairs. The platform will be removable for when satelite dishes are no longer a current technology

Strategy for the intallation of security doors

WHY?

The residents of the building have installed secuity door on their apartment entrances on the North elevation, however as a consequence the external elevation has been effected, the design of which in integral to the heritage value of the edifice.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The external doors must have the same aesthic.

The doors must be fitted securely enough to not harm the structural frame that they sit within.

The original doors were made out of a carbon netural material, the replace material must also be environmentally justifiable.

There must be a longterm design code that will be enforced to ensure that the proposal is followed.

Security doors if added must not alter the external appearance of the building.

FRICTIONS

On most of the apartments the doors are original, and un-altered, altering the doors will affect the heritage value of the north elevation. Some of the residents have already replaced their doors with metel security doors, something that will permantly alter elevation.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

The external material of the doors will be wood.

Only minimal contact with the building envelope will be permitted

There will be no change of function.

The change of apearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The external finish of the doors will remain wooden design to the same specifications as Figini & Pollini, should the residents wish to install a security door; they will be permitted to retro fit a security panel on the inside face of the door.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The external face of the door will be constructed to match the design specification of Figini & Pollini, however the in side face of the door can be upgraded and a security plate retrospectivily fitted.

The intervention shall not harm the structural integrettiy of the building.

The platform will be prefabricated out of steel beams of standard dimensions to allow for their re-use in other projects.

There will be an new design code enforced to prevent the residents from installing the satelite dishes in a location other than the on the roof.

External Colour & Texture

WHY?

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

Any changes in the material finishes shall not reduce the durability of the building.

The changes to the external finishes must not leave the structural elements exposed to degradation & deterioration.

Changes of the materials must not reduce the thermal insular performance of the apartments.

The new finishes need to be low maintenance to ensure that the residents will be willing and accepting of retaining the proposed finishes permanently.

Any changes made must respond to the requirements that led to the previous alterations already made.

FRICTIONS

The current material finishes are accepted by the residents and believed to be of a high standard. Because the building is considered a heritage building the residents will see the change of material and colour of the external finishes as a loss of heritage and an assault onto their homes. Keeping the current finishes will result in the permanent loss of architectural history

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

Material additions shall not be removed should there be a technical necessity for said material and not a viable suitable alternative solution to the technical need.

No changes to the external finishes will be carried out that could cause lasting permanent damage.

There will be no functional changes to the external finishes

All aesthetic changes must be homogeneous and must have a relation to the original authentic finishes.

HOW?

Changes to the surface finishes shall mainly be superficial focusing on the restoration of the original design aesthetics.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The changes of the finishes on the structural elements will only be permitted if they will not comprise the structural integrity of the building.

Elements that have been added to the building to enhance the performance a livability of the edifice shall when possible be retained.

The choice of finish materials shall be low maintenance to insure that the residents can keep a high standard of finish with minimal effort.

Removal and relocation of AC units

WHY?

The residents of the building have installed air conditioning units to improve their internal comfort, however as a consequence the external elevation has been effected, the design of which in integral to the heritage value of the edifice.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The removal of the of the AC units must have a viable alternative location to allow the residents the same comfort conditions.

AC units must not affect the structural integrity of the building.

The AC units must be replaceable to allow for technological improvements.

There must be a longterm design code that will be enforced to ensure that the proposal is followed.

The location of the AC units must not be in a visible location.

FRICTIONS

The INA-casa design guides required adequate cross ventilation to ensure comfortable residential environment, subsequently the use of AC is not entirely necessary. The residents have already installed AC units and without proper design regulation the external faรงade will be permanently altered.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

There will be no change of external material.

The damage to the existing fabric has to have a long term reduction to the current design approach.

There will be no change of function.

The change of appearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The AC units shall be relocated to the North balcony which will ensure that the units are no longer visible.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The ducts will be installed within the internal partition walls and floors of the apartments.

The intervention shall not harm the structural integrity of the building.

The AC units shall be easily replaceable for when technology improves.

There will be an new design code enforced to prevent the residents from installing the AC units in a location other than the on the North balcony.

The external AC units shall be located on the North balconies

Original External Doors

Metal Handrail on Walkways

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

0 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now) 7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

External insulation

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

10 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now) 7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

10 10

5. Replicability 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

10 0

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now) 7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

10 10

10 5. Replicability

Age New 0

5 Original

Least used 0

Least value 0

7 Very used

8 More value

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

$$$$$

Local cultural value

Not easy to replicate

Utility

Repicability Easy to replicate

Economic value of the object $

5. Replicability

2. Economic value of the object

4. Local cultural value

External Render - Structural grid

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

3. Utility (Then and now)

5. Replicability

6. Life of the material

Original Concretie Handrail on Walkways

6. Life of the material

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

5. Replicability

New external security doors

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

Has a lot 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

External Render - walls

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

6. Life of the material

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

10 5. Replicability

External yellow paint

Brown Paint 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

10 5. Replicability

5. Replicability

External Satelite Dishes

External AC Units 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

10 10

5. Replicability

Original

Not easy to replicate

7 Very used

8 More value

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

$$$$$

Local cultural value Least value

Repicability Easy to replicate

Utility Least used

Economic value of the object $

5. Replicability

Age New

Has a lot 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Conservation Project Proposal

three

Internal Elevators

_ Replacement of the elevators _ Change of apartment typologies

Strategy for the replacement of the external elevators with internal elevators

WHY?

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The elevator was installed due to an accessibility requirement, therefore removing the elevators from the exterior of the building requires a like for like replacement.

The installation of internal elevators means that there will have to be substantive interventions onto the structure of the building, due to the removal of floor slabs.

The internal elevator shaft must have adequate sound insulation to reduce the noise impact of the elevators.

All of the residents of the affected apartments will have to agree to changes.

An internal elevator requires a shaft for fire safety regulations.

FRICTIONS

The installation of an internal elevator requires the re-design of existing apartment typologies that are an integral part of the heritage of the INA-casa project. The installation of the elevator will require the residents of specific apartments to give up their homes on a permanent basis.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

Material additions shall not be removed should there be a technical necessity for said material and not a viable suitable alternative solution to the technical need.

Damage to the internal fabric has to be recorded and reversible.

Changes to the functions of the internal space will have to be kept to a minimum when possible.

The change of appearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The elevators will be located on two internal location to reduce the internal impact of the elevators. Residents of the twelve affected apartments will have to agree to vacate their homes permanently.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The internal elevator must abide by all the current regulatory requirements.

The internal elevator must not have any negative impact upon the structural grid.

The internal impact of the noise generated from the elevator will be reduced by the use of acoustic insulation.

The impact of the removal of residents will be reduced by the social sustainability that an internal elevator can provide.

The internal elevators have to be fully accessible to the disabled.

The elevator shaft will provide shear force resistance during seismic activity.

Change of apartment typologies

WHY?

The original design only allowed for one a two bed room apartment typologies this design greatly reduces the social sustainability of the buildings as it greatly reduces the chance for a good demographic mix. The design proposal of locating the elevators internally provides an opportunity to rectify this mistake by adding six new 4 bed apartments.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The apartments are required to have natural ventilation on both sides of the building.

The change of the apartment internal walls should affect the structural grid.

The new apartment typology must meet current environmental design regulations.

All of the residents of the affected apartments will have to agree to changes.

They have to be of a maisonette typology, to reference the other existing apartments. The wet spaces have to be directly above other wet spaces in plan a section.

FRICTIONS

The installation of an internal elevator requires the re-design of existing apartment typologies that are an integral part of the heritage of the INA-casa project. The resigned of the apartments will require the residents of specific apartments to give up their homes on a permanent basis.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

Material additions shall not be removed should there be a technical necessity for said material and not a viable suitable alternative solution to the technical need.

Damage to the internal fabric has to be recorded and reversible.

Changes to the functions of the internal space will have to be kept to a minimum when possible.

The change of appearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The apartments will follow the same design rational as the existing apartment only on a larger scale. Residents of the twelve affected apartments will have to agree to vacate their homes permanently.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The apartments shall follow the same design rational as the existing apartments.

The layout to the internal rooms shall not impact on the structural grid.

The the new apartment typology will meet the current environmental design rules

The impact of the removal of residents will be reduced by the social sustainability that the increase in the social demography the new apartments will provide.

Cultural Carring Capcity of Affected Materials

Current External Elevation

External paving (new)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

1 10

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

10 5. Replicability

Existing Elevators

External walkways 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 0 10

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

Metal Handrail on Walkways

Original Concrete Handrail on Walkways 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

10 0

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

7. Relation with as built design intent

5. Replicability

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

10 10

5. Replicability

Original

Not easy to replicate

7 Very used

8 More value

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

$$$$$

Local cultural value Least value

Repicability Easy to replicate

Utility Least used

Economic value of the object $

5. Replicability

Age New

Has a lot 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Two Bed Apartment Typology

Internal partition walls 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

5. Replicability

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

2. Economic value of the object

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

Apartment Double Doors

5. Replicability

Ground Level Community Hall

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

0 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

4. Local cultural value

One Bed Apartment Typology 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

7. Relation with as built design intent

3. Utility (Then and now)

5. Replicability

Internal Floor Slabs

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

10 10

5. Replicability

Original

Not easy to replicate

7 Very used

8 More value

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

$$$$$

Local cultural value Least value

Repicability Easy to replicate

Utility Least used

Economic value of the object $

5. Replicability

Age New

Has a lot 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Conservation Project Proposal

External Elevators

four

_ Removal of elevator shaft

Cultural Carring Capcity of Affected Materials

Current External Elevation

External paving (new)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

1 10

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

Original Concrete Handrail on Walkways

Metal Handrail on Walkways 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 0 10

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

Existing Elevators

External walkways 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 0 10

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

3. Utility (Then and now)

5. Replicability

6. Life of the material

7. Relation with as built design intent

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

2. Economic value of the object

6. Life of the material

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

7. Relation with as built design intent

4. Local cultural value

6. Life of the material

10 10

5. Replicability

Original

Least value

$$$$$

7 Very used

1062

More 10

Relation with design intent Least

Life of the material Least

More value

Not easy to replicate

Local cultural value

Repicability Easy to replicate

Utility Least used

Economic value of the object $

5. Replicability

Age New

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not 0

Has a lot 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Replacing the external elevators

WHY?

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL The elevators have to provide access to all levels of the deck access.

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

The structure of the elevator should be as independent as possible from the edificeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure.

The elevator must be the most efficient model available.

The path of the elevator cab must not be accessible to the public at anytime.

SOCIAL The elevator must aesthetically different to original building

be the

FRICTIONS

There has recently been a new elevator installed, residents may be unwilling to allow further building works to be carried out on the elevators. The design of the northern elevation is the most sensitive to change, the slightest change to the composition can have dramatic consequences the faĂ§ade.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material Material additions shall not be removed should there be a technical necessity for said material and not a viable suitable alternative solution to the technical need.

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

No changes to the external finishes will be carried out that could cause lasting permanent damage.

There will be no functional changes to the vertical circulation

The change of appearance can only be one that restores the elevation composition to its original form.

HOW?

The removal of the elevator shaft will dramatically reduce the visual impact of the elevators whilst continuing to provide the same level of access to all of the apartments. An investigation into the different methods of propulsion of the cab will be carried out to identify the most suitable elevator for the design. The design approach undertaken requires a separation of materiality between what is old & what is new, with minimal ornamentations, to reflect the subservience of the new addition.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The details will be left exposed in order to express a visual contrast between what is new and what is old.

The elevator will be a partially free-standing structure gain lateral support from the existing building.

The the new elevator will meet the current environmental design rules

The elevator will have its own independent materiality to draw a visual distinction between the building and the new addition.

In May 2015 Figini e Polliniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building had the this elevator that was being used by the residents to access the upper floors. The aesthetic of this elevator is a glass reflective surface used as an attempt to distinguish itself from the original building.

In May 2016 Figini e Polliniâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s building had the this elevator that was being used by the residents to access the upper floors. The aesthetic of this elevator is to try and match the existing colours of the faĂ§ade to try and camouflage the elevator.

BUILDING SCALE: ELEVATOR

Building by Figini and Pollini in Quartiere Harar-Dessie

Impact of the elevator in the facade, interrupting the horizontality

Currently the addition of an elevator distrupts the horrizontal architectural design intention of the North elevation. It is accepted that the current location of the elevators has a heritage value, however there is an alternative design approach which can be regarded as being more sensitve to the importance of the horizontality of the faรงade.

By removing the lift shaft whilst retaining the presence of an elevator the distruption to the horizontality of the elevation can be reduced whilst ensuring that an essential ammeanity is not lost.

Chosen Option Climbing Elevator

Machine Room-less Traction Elevator

A climbing elevator is a typology that is typically used as a temporary elevator during construction projects. However they have been used as a permanent lift on some projects.

A machine room-less traction elevator, is a common elevator type that is mainly used in low to mid-rise EXLOGLQJV WKLV V\VWHP SURYLGHV UHODWLYH GHVLJQ Ă&#x20AC;H[LELOLW\ and doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t require substantial space for mechanics.

A Machine Room-less elevator is an elevator that is SXOOHG IURP DERYH E\ FDEOHV ÂżWWHG WR D PRWRU $OO RI WKH mechanics are contained within a relatively small unit located at the top of the elevatorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s path. The unit can be located on any side of the cab.

A climbing elevator is a self propelled cab, the elevator does not require a plant room or any cables. However the Elevator requires a larger than normal structural system, and the cab needs to be a larger than average volume.

7KLV RSWLRQ ZDV FKRVHQ EHFDXVH RQ EDODQFH LW SURYLGHG WKH PRVW GHVLJQ Ă&#x20AC;H[LELOLW\ DQG required less space for mechanics which will aid in making a visibility and physically low impact design. 68

Hydraulic Elevator

Traction Elevator with Machine Room

A Hydraulic elevator is a passenger lift system that is W\SLFDOO\ XVHG ZLWKLQ ORZ ULVH EXLOGLQJV DQG VPDOO UHWURÂżW projects that require disabled access, this system SHUPLWV VRPH GHVLJQ Ă&#x20AC;H[LELOLW\ IRU WKH FDE

A traction elevator with a machine room is a historically common elevator typically seen in mid to high-rise buildings, This system requires an additional room above the elevator to contain the drive system.

A hydraulic passenger lift system requires two vertical columns to ensure that the cab remains stable, and usually an additional retractable column that serves as the push mechanism to drive the cab upwards. This system can produce a relative large amount of noise, and depending on the distance of travel may require a large plant room.

This system pulls the passenger cab via a series of cables, The mechanisms that provide the propulsion to this lift typology require a lot of space and do not lend WKHPVHOYHV WR GHVLJQ Ă&#x20AC;H[LELOLW\

7KH VWDQGDUG FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ RI D PDFKLQH URRP OHVV traction elevator has the doors located on a longitudinal HOHYDWLRQ WKLV FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ UHTXLUHV WKUHH SRLQWV RI contact between the elevator cab and the structure supporting the passenger lift. Two points of contact are always situated on the side with the counter weight and traction motor, with the third being located on the opposite side. This layout would lead to a substantial visual impact on the elevation, more so than an elevator with a shaft. Because there would be three prominent columns with a horizontal connecting beam at the top, with a wide passenger cab. Such a design would use the same visual space as the original elevator and appear less elegant than the status quo thus decreasing the KHULWDJH YDOXH RI WKH H[WHUQDO HOHYDWLRQ Consequentially this elevator option was deemed unsuitable.

Chosen Option

Through a process of critically analysing the structural needs of the traction elevators available from two major elevator manufacturers (i.e. kone, schindler). A VWDQGDUGLVDWLRQ RI WKH FDE GLPHQVLRQV ZDV LGHQWLÂżHG alongside a standardisation of the required components. With this information we were able to establish a working dimension that led to a more detailed design. $Q DOWHUQDWLYH OD\RXW IURP WKH VWDQGDUG FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ of a machine room-less traction elevator has the doors ORFDWHG RQ D VKRUW IDFH WKLV FRQÂżJXUDWLRQ UHTXLUHV WZR points of contact between the elevator cab and the structure supporting the passenger lift. The two points of contact are always situated on the side with the counter weight and traction motor. This layout would be a reduction in the visual mass of the current elevator, due to the removal of the elevator shaft and the passenger cab being rotated 90 degrees, the vertical space taken from the elevation will be decreased and the mechanics required by the elevator will appear tidy. Consequentially this elevator layout is the chosen option.

The design intention of the new elevators is to reduce the visual impact of the lifts DQG WR SUHVHUYH WKH GHVLJQ LQWHQWLRQ RI WKH RULJLQDO HOHYDWLRQ KRZHYHU DV WKH H[WHUQDO elevators are not part of the original elevation visual legibility of the separation of original design intention and any new additions this will allow a passers-by to observe ERWK WKH RULJLQDO HGLÂ¿FH DQG WKH QHZ DGGLWLRQV The design approach undertaken requires a separation of materiality between what LV ROG ZKDW LV QHZ ZLWK PLQLPDO RUQDPHQWDWLRQV WR UHÃ&#x20AC;HFW WKH VXEVHUYLHQFH RI WKH new addition. Glass was chosen as the material for the security fencing at the base of the elevator, the fencing is a requirement for the health and safety of the residents. The reasoning IRU WKH VHOHFWLRQ RI JODVV LV WZR IROG Â¿UVWO\ FXUWDLQ JD]LQJ H[SUHVVHV DQ HQWLUHO\ QHZ language that is separate from the original building thus making the new addition FOHDU 6HFRQG LW SURYLGHV KDV QR JDSV WKDW FKLOGUHQ FDQ SODFH WKHUH Â¿QJHUV LQWR KDUPV ZD\ ZKLOVW DOORZLQJ D FRQWLQXHG H[SUHVVLRQ RI OLJKWQHVV WKDW RWKHU RSDTXH PDWHULDOV would not provide.

The beam to wall detail is a structural requirement in order to ensure lateral stability of the elevators, consequentially the element in its raw functional form is both minimal and legible enough to distinguish itself from the original building whilst being discrete enough to not disrupt the readability of the original elevation. In order to retain a SXULW\ LQ WKLV UHDGDELOLW\ WKH EHDP WR ZDOO FRQQHFWLRQ FKRVHQ H[SUHVVHV LWV Âż[LQJV DV opposed to hiding them.

The sliding doors are also a functional requirement to prevent residents from falling, The dimensions of the doors has to be large enough to prevent people from reaching around the doors with the hands. Glass was again chosen as a material this, was to ensure a discrete visual contrast between what is new and what is old, glass also permits residents to enjoy the views from the walkway something which was part of the original design intention.

Conservation Project Proposal

Park proposal

five

_ Benches and lighting design

Cultural Carring Capcity of Affected Materials

Existing Fences

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Age New

5. Replicability

Original

Economic value of the object $

$$$$$

External paving (new)

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

Utility Least used

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

Very used

2. Economic value of the object

Local cultural value Least value

7. Relation with as built design intent

3. Utility (Then and now)

5 10 10

4. Local cultural value

Repicability Easy to replicate

6. Life of the material

More value

Not easy to replicate

5. Replicability

Life of the material Least 0

More 10

Relation with design intent Least 0

More 10

Existing Masterplan 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

It has not

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

6. Life of the material

Innovation / uniqueness

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

10 5. Replicability

Has a lot 10

Park Proposals

WHY?

Part of the original master plan contained a proposal for some cafes and shops in an adjacent area to the Figini & Pollini building, however due to the INA-casa funding structure these buildings were never built, and the area was left as an undeveloped park. Due to the nature of the formation of the park there are no designed recreational features in the space, which leaves the park at risk of becoming an abandoned zone. Which affects the way residents and passers by perceive the building and reducing its heritage value.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The park must remain fully accessible to the surrounding residents.

Any landscaping work must be kept clear from the foundations.

Changes of the materials must not reduce the biodiversity of the park

The new finishes need to be low maintenance to ensure that the residents will be willing and accepting of retaining the proposed finishes permanently.

New outdoor lighting is required however the visual impact of the lighting should be reduced when possible.

FRICTIONS

The redesign of the park will directly affect the view the residents experience from their apartments, which is likely to cause complaint from the residents. The lack of amenity within the park is likely to lead to a reduction in the cultural appreciation of the neighborhood.

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

The addition of new material is only permissible due to a lack design consistency in the proposal area.

No damage to the building fabric is permitted.

Only small changes of function are permissible.

All changes in aesthetic appearance must be well considered and sensitive to the local context.

HOW?

Changes to the surface finishes shall mainly be superficial. A new dog park is proposed to encourage the use of the space, the lighting will be discrete located underneath benches.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

The design approach taken will be subtle a reversible if necessary.

No structural elements of the existing buildings will be affected.

The existing trees will be retained.

SOCIAL The choice of finish materials shall be low maintenance to insure that the residents can keep a high standard of finish with minimal effort.

Conservation Project Proposal

Fences

six

_ Relocation of fences

Cultural Carring Capcity of Affected Materials

Existing Fences

1. Authenticity (Original or not) 10

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

6. Life of the material

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

Age New

5. Replicability

Original

Economic value of the object $

$$$$$

Current External Elevation

3 1. Authenticity (Original or not)

Utility Least used

Very used

8. Innovation / Uniqueness

2. Economic value of the object

Local cultural value Least value

7. Relation with as built design intent

3. Utility (Then and now)

5 10 10

Repicability Easy to replicate

6. Life of the material

More value

Not easy to replicate

4. Local cultural value

5. Replicability

Life of the material Least 0

1. Authenticity (Original or not)

2. Economic value of the object

7. Relation with as built design intent

6. Life of the material

10 10

3. Utility (Then and now)

4. Local cultural value

10 5. Replicability

More 10

Innovation / uniqueness It has not

10 8. Innovation / Uniqueness

Relation with design intent Least

External paving (new)

Has a lot 10

Park Proposals

WHY?

The original ground floor plan was a mix of external semi-private and public spaces, the current fences have removed this design feature and have reduced the visibility of the ground level elevation.

R E Q U I R E M E N T S TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

SOCIAL

The fences need to provide security and visual permeability

Any landscaping work must be kept clear from the foundations.

Changes of the materials must not reduce the biodiversity of the park

The new finishes need to be low maintenance to ensure that the residents will be willing and accepting of retaining the proposed finishes permanently.

FRICTIONS

The current fences are accepted by the residents and believed to be of a high standard. Because the building is considered a heritage building the residents will see the change of material and colour of the external fences as a loss of heritage and an assault onto their homes. Keeping the current fences will result in the permanent loss of architectural history

P A R A M E T E R S

Change of material

Damaged to the existing fabric Change of appearance

Change of function

The addition of new material is only permissible due to a loss of the original materials.

No damage to the building fabric is permitted.

Only small changes of function are permissible.

All changes in aesthetic appearance must be well considered and sensitive to the local context.

HOW?

Changes to the surface finishes shall mainly be superficial, with fences follow the historic layout of the original walls.

A P P R O A C H TECHNICAL

STRUCTURAL

ENVIRONMENTAL

The design approach taken will be subtle a reversible if necessary.

No structural elements of the existing buildings will be affected.

The biodiversity shall not be harmed.

SOCIAL The choice of finish materials shall be low maintenance to insure that the residents can keep a high standard of finish with minimal effort.

100

101

102

103

104

105

106

107

Bibliography

BOOKS

Cupelloni, L. et al., Materiali del moderno: Campo, temi e modi del progetto di riqualificazione. Italy: Gangemi editore international. Gregotti, V. and Marzari, G. (1996). Luigi Figini, Gini Pollini - opera completa. Milano: Electa. Pilat, S. (2014). Reconstructing Italy: The Ina-Casa Neighborhoods of the Postwar Era (Ashgate Studies in Architecture). Ashgate Publishing Group. Protasoni, S. (2010). Figini e Pollini. 1st ed. Milano: Electa Architettura. Pugliese, R. (2005). La casa popolare in Lombardia. Milano: Unicopli. Savi, V., (1990). Figini e Pollini: architetture 1927-1989. 2nd ed. Milano: Electa.

WEBSITES

Fascia dei Servizi Sociali Olivetti. Progetto - La Genesi. [online] Available at: http://www.centrodirezionaleivrea.com/. [Accessed 30 January 2018]. Giacomo Gatto. Casa al Villaggio del Giornalisti [online] Available at: http://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it/it/mappe/itinerari/edificio/317-casa-al-villaggio-del-giornalisti [Accessed 30 January 2018]. Giacomo Polin. Edificio per abitazioni e uffici / 1947-1948 / Luigi Figini, Gino Pollini. [online] Available at: http://www.ordinearchitetti.mi.it. [Accessed 30 January 2018]. Google.it. (2018). Google Maps. [online] Available at: https://www.google.it/maps/@45.4768641,9.132117,16.22z [Accessed 6 Jan. 2018]. Intrioni, M. (2005). L. Figini, G. Pollini | Residential building | Quartiere Harar | Milano | Italy | 1951-1955. [online] Available at: http://www.marcointroini.net/architecture/architects/architects_e_f/figini_pollini/harar/. [Accessed 27 January 2018]. Ivrea citta industriale. (2001). Centro Servizi Sociali. [online] Available at: http://www.ivreacittaindustriale.it/centro-servizi-sociali/. [Accessed 30 January 2018]. Satori, A. (2016). Unità residenziale al quartiere Harar-Dessiè - Milano (MI) | Architettura in Lombardia dal 1945 ad oggi. [online] Lombardiabeniculturali.it. Available at: http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture900/schede/RL560-00033/ [Accessed 3 Feb. 2018]. Sherwood, R. (2002). Housing Prototypes: INA Casa Harrar/Figini. [online] Housingprototypes.org. Available at: http://housingprototypes.org/project?File_No=ITA015 [Accessed 21 Oct. 2017]. Unità residenziale al quartiere Harar-Dessiè. [online] Available at: http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture900/schede/RL560-00033/. [Accessed 27 January 2018].

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IMAGES

ArchiDiAP (2018). Casa al Villaggio dei Giornalisti. [image] Available at: http://www.archidiap.com/opera/casa-al-villaggio-dei-giornalisti/ [Accessed 2 Feb. 2018]. Figini and Pollini. (n.d.). [image] Available at: http://xoomer.virgilio.it/alessandro.santoriello/Figini%20e%20Pollini.jpg [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. Fondo Figini e Pollini, MART (n.d.). Site plan Quartiere Harar-Dessiè. [image] Available at: http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture900/schede/RL560-00033/ [Accessed 28 Jan. 2018]. Mart, Csac e Archivio Figini, AAF Milano (2017). La casa vista dalla strada. [image] Available at: http://www.archidiap.com/opera/casa-al-villaggio-dei-giornalisti/ [Accessed 6 Dec. 2017]. Roch, L. (2018). INA-Casa logos. [image] Available at: http://www.fotografiaeuropea.it/off2016/files/2016/04/quartieri.jpg [Accessed 6 Feb. 2018]. Suriano, S. (2016). South façade of Building A in Quartiere Harar-Dessiè. [image] Available at: http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture900/schede/RL560-00033/ [Accessed 3 Feb. 2018]. OTHERS Figini.L, Pollini.G, Gestione INA CASA Quartiere Via Harrar Milano Casa A Allogi tipo Piano interiore (Variante). Architectural drawing. Figini.L, Pollini.G, Gestione INA CASA Quartiere Via Harrar Casa A Pianta piano tipo (superiore). Architectural drawing.

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