Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1 2 3 4 5 6 Documentation CostConstructionFunctionalityLocation/TechnicalDescriptionDrawingsOrientationFactors Geographical Location Weather Conditions Effects on the Building Suggestions NewDescriptionZoning/ Distribution Structural Changes AssesmentRegulationsDescriptionon lifespan Cost Estimate RegulationsDescription Classification + Methods Cost Estimate GeneralDemolitionRenovationConversionLocationDocumentationAssesment Location Conversion Renovation Demolition Results Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Pandion Vista Architects - BRT Bothe Richter Teherani, Hamburg + Linster Architekten, Aachen Building - Kranhaus Nord | Pandion Vista Location - Cologne, Germany Planning - 1991 - 2011 Construction - 2008 - 2011 Lot SizeExterior Surface Area (Façade)Interior Volume - 15,000 m2 Number of Full Storeys - 19 Units - 133 Apartments Budget - 77,000,000 Euro 1.1 Description Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.2 Technical Drawings/ Site Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Basement/ Garage Levels 2-9 (Some levels vary) Ground Level Levels 11-16 (Some levels vary) 1.2 Technical Drawings - Basement Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.2 Technical Drawings - Penthouse Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.2 Technical Drawings - Elevations Elevation East Elevation West Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.2 Technical Drawings - Elevation North Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.2 Technical Drawings - Section A Zoom Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel.
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1.3 Location
Building Zone | Climate Zone Cologne is classified as temperate climate zone and the climate itself is sub-oceanic, strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean, making it humid and Therainy.central point of the city lies at 50 degree 56’33 latitude and 6 degree 57’32 longitude. It’s highest point is 118m above sea level, and its lowest point 37.5m above sea level. The average temperature ranges from 2.5 degrees celsius in January, to 23 degrees celsius in July. However the re cord temperatures recorded have been -25 degrees celsius in January 1942 and a high of 38.5 degrees celsius measured in July Rainfall2019.hasan average max in July with approximately 90mm, humidity average levels range from 85% in January to 70% in Sunshinemay.hours can range from 1.3h in December to 5.9h in July, compared to the Daylight hours which range from 8h in December to 16h in May, June and July. The average UV index ranges from 1 in January to 7 in June. +49
Building Orientation: Southwest-Northeast (Longest Axis)
| 23.04.2020 Section:
Nevertheless, all the façades of the building are free with no other objects adjacent to them, this exposes all the sides of the building directly to the natural environment (Solar and Wind exposure). All façades are covered with windows and balconies, but each has a different interaction with the environment. The north side has no building next to it, the east side overlooks the Rhine river directly, which at times there are boats traveling through but with no major disruption.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design Planning and Design of Existing Structures
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The south side has the highest solar and wind expo sure, the building next to it has about four storeys and doesn’t pose as an obstacle since the casted shadows don’t reach the “Kranhaus Nord” and it doesn’t block the the wind, or the view. The west side faces a small port for river boats, buildings that have approximately six storeys and there is an avenue as well, nevertheless the avenue is approximately 120 meters away.
The longest axis of “Kranhaus Nord”, which is the building out of the three building blocks selected for the analysis, has an orientation Southwest-Northeast.
1.3 Orientation Geographic Position Im Zollhafen 12, 50678, Köln, Nordrhein Westfalen (50.9286824, 6.9652399)
1.3 Temperature - Rainfall - Humidity Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.3 Solar Analysis, Daylight Hours + UV Index Daylight Hours | Sunshine Hours |
Solar Analysis: On the graphic we are able to see how the sun affects the building and generates shadows. The graphic to the right represents the effects during the summer solstice and the solar noon.
Solar Radiation
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
The average of low daily sunshine hours from September (4.5 hours) to April (5.1) hours, combined with the low solar irradiation and the cold temperatures in winter result in a low solar gain, thus increasing the deman`d of artificial- heating, air circulation and lighting systems to be able to maintain the user comfort in the interior space of a building.
1.3 Solar Analysis, Winter Solstice Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.3 Solar Analysis, Summer Solstice - Solar Altitude Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.3 Solar Analysis, Summer Solstice - Solar Altitude Wind Direction + Speed Wind speed and direction are very constant in Cologne with the predominant winds moving from South-East direction North-West at an average speed of 8 kts. Except in the time between May and July, the wind changes and moves in the opposite direction; North-West to South-East, and also at a constant speed of 8 kts. Wind-Air tempera tures are directly linked to the weather and ranging from 4 degrees celsius in January, to 22 degrees celsius in July. To the right a sample of wind movement on 03.11.2019 at 13h. Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.4 Functionality Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.4 Functionality - Exterior Membrane Section Detail Transition Indoor - Outdoor / Balconies Section Detail Exterior Membrane
There are five typical wall section types that interact with the natural environment and there are two different types of roofing systems; The roof and the terrace. In this analysis we the focus will be made on the most common systems in which only one wall sand roof section will be considered as the outer membrane.
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Exterior Walls: As you can see on the drawn detail, the most com mon exterior wall consists of a 10mm interior plaster that covers a reinforced concrete wall that is 200mm in thickness. On the exterior side there is a layer of mineral insulation which is 140mm thick, which is then covered with 10mm Aluminum Panels, there is a gap of 100mm in-between the insulation system and the aluminum panels.
Roof: The roof consists of a 250mm reinforced concrete slab, covered with a waterproofing membrane, a 150mm XPS hard insulation and a 30mm protective mat.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin
The exterior Layer (Walls, Roofing and underside) of “Pandion Vista” consist of approximately 44% Glass windows and 56% Concrete + Metal Sheathing.
Terraces | Balconies: The balconies consist of a 250mm reinforced concrete slab, covered with a waterproofing membrane, a 100mm XPS hard insulation, a 30mm protective mat, 60mm pedestals for the deck (air gap) and 30mm wooden planks for the deck. Wollensak
Thermal Insulation and Damp Protection:
As mentioned on the previous page, the building is covered with aluminum panels that acts as a ventilated skin that protects the insulation layer and the concrete structure underneath. The image on the left shows a view of the (bottom) façade. The image on the right shows the proposal for the inner court yard on the upper floors.
1.4 Functionality - Exterior Membrane Exterior Membrane
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
zusätzlich nach DIN 18257) 6 Schließblech PRÜM Einbruchschutz mit Sicherheitsschließblechen 7 Profilzylinder Standard (EH nach DIN 18252) * 8 Kennzeichnungsschild im Falz auf der Bandseite Türblattaufbau / Zargenaufbau 9 Rahmenholz z.B. Hartholz 10 Stabilisator z.B. Hartholz oder Multiplex 11 Mittellage Vollspanplatte oder Spezial-Innenlage 12 Deckplatte HDF (optional Alu-Klimadeck für PRÜM-Klimaklasse 3) 13 Oberfläche z.B. CPL, HPL, Dekor, Furnier, Lack 14 Zarge Spezialzarge Rauchschutz (vorgerichtet für Obentürschließer) Sonstiges Prüfzeugnisse / Zulassungen nur in Verbindung mit der dazugehörigen Zarge Einbau nur in zugelassene Wände Bei Einbruchschutz ist nur die Schließseite der Tür als Angri sseite Lichtausschnittzugelasseninverschiedenen Typen auf Anfrage möglich * nicht im Lieferumfang enthalten! Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
5 Türdrücker
The sound proofing on this building is for the most part designed for the vertical noise, for this reason each floor slab is made with the following components: a reinforced concrete slab, covered with a 20mm impact sound absorption layer, following a polyethylene film, a 55mm screed, 10mm mortar and covered with a floor covering (different and selected by each apartment owner).
b. Flooring: The floor coverings in the Lobby will be of nonflammable materials (Building material class A1/A2 according to DIN 4102 part 1). Also comply ing with the § 8, paragraph 6 HochhVO.
3
c. No reduction of emergency hallways and exits, According to a study done by the “Deutsches-Inge nieurblatt”, the reinforced concrete slabs are equipped with water pipes that feed the fire sprinkler DIN DIN 18250 zum Schutz gegen Luftzug Schall Bänder nach Ausführung Bänder 1154 nach DIN 18273 (mit Einbruchschutz
According to the Fire Protection Plan done by Paul Corall Dipl.-Ing (VDI) (Fire Protection Planer), these are the following measurements taken into account: a.Walls and Ceiling: the walls and ceilings that separate apartments and all the walls and ceilings of service areas such as elevator lobbies, hallways, waiting areas must be built and or covered with flame retardant insulation material according with the material class (Baustoffklasse B1) that complies with the DIN 4102, Part 1. Also according with the § 39 BAuO NRW as well as the § 6 HochhVO.
je
3-teilige
oder Sicherheitsbänder 4 Obentürschließer nach EN
EN 1192 Beschläge 1 PZ-Schloss nach
2 Bodendichtung
4 13 14 6 2 109 12 11 7 5 1 Feuerschutz T30 nach DIN 4102-5 Rauchschutz RS nach DIN 18095 (optional) Schallschutz nach DIN 4109 (optional) Einbruchschutz nach DIN EN 1627 (optional) PRÜM-Klimaklasse 2 (optional PRÜM-Klimaklasse 3) PRÜM-Beanspruchungsgruppe nach DIN EN 1192 Beschläge 1 PZ-Schloss nach DIN 18250 2 Bodendichtung zum Schutz gegen Luftzug und Schall (nur bei Funktion Rauch- und Schallschutz) 3 Bänder je nach Ausführung 3-teilige Bänder oder Sicherheitsbänder 4 Obentürschließer nach EN 1154 5 Türdrücker nach DIN 18273 6 Schließblech PRÜM optional verstärktes Schließblech 7 Profilzylinder Standard (EH nach DIN 18252) * 8 Kennzeichnungsschild im Falz auf der Bandseite Türblattaufbau / Zargenaufbau 9 Rahmenholz Hartholz mit Feuerschutzstreifen 10 Stabilisator z.B. Hartholz oder Multiplex 11 Mittellage Vollspanplatte (optional Spezial-Schalldämmeinlage) 12 Deckplatte HDF (optional Alu-Klimadeck für PRÜM-Klimaklasse 3) 13 Oberfläche z.B. CPL, HPL, Dekor, Furnier, Lack 14 Zarge Spezialzarge Feuerschutz (vorgerichtet für Obentürschließer) Sonstiges Prüfzeugnisse / Zulassungen nur in Verbindung mit der dazugehörigen Zarge Einbau nur in zugelassene Wände Bei Einbruchschutz ist nur die Schließseite der Tür als Angri sseite Lichtausschnittzugelasseninverschiedenen Typen auf Anfrage möglich * nicht im Lieferumfang enthalten! 8 13 6 2 9 10 12 11 7 5 1 RauchschutzFunktionen RS nach DIN 18095 Schallschutz nach DIN 4109 Einbruchschutz nach DIN EN 1627 (optional) PRÜM-Klimaklasse 2 (optional PRÜM-Klimaklasse 3) PRÜM-Beanspruchungsgruppe nach
und
Another characteristic is that the building has a width of 34.00m, but no apartment exceeds 6.50m in depth without direct exposure to the glass façade. All the spaces have direct access to sunlight. This feature is done with an atrium in between that allows indirect light. As shown on the stereographic map, the north-east façade receives the morning light, the south-east receives most of the light during the day, the south-west façade receives the afternoon and sunset light. The north-west façade receives sunlight during the summer solstice but only indirect light during the winter solstice.
Exposure to Light: One of the main characteristics of this residential building is that all of the façades have no adjacent buildings, 44% of these are composed of two types of windows with high LT values that provide a good illumination in the inte rior of the building. All the façades are exposed to light wether direct or indirect sunlight. The windows on the north and east have a light transmission value of 82%, the south and west windows have a light transmission value of 70%.
Company: Glas Troesch Type 1: (Image above) Silverstar Combi Neutral 70/35 + Eurofloat and hot borders. Type 2: (Image below) Silverstar EN2plus + Eurofloat and hot borders.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.4 Functionality - Windows
On the Image above we can see the two structural alter natives that were explored. On the upper left side a com bination of reinforced concrete and steel trusses. On the upper right side a reinforced casted concrete skeleton.
Durability: Durability of materials: According to the Federal Ministry of Interior for Building and (Bundesministerium des Innen, für Bau und Heimat, the primary structural components and materials of the building have an average lifetime of 50 years plus. As shown on the following table of the different components.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Structural Integrity:
Due to it’s crane-like shape, the building presents not only an interesting structure but a complex one. This can be seen specially on the 11th floor, where for the most part the whole level is a large and hollow reinforced concrete beam. The second impressive aspect is that the elevator shaft acts a single pillar that transfers all the vertical load into the foundations. The entirety of the structure is built with reinforced concrete including the exterior walls, roofs and terraces. All the division walls are built with aluminum studs and drywall, which reduces the overall load significantly.
1.4 Functionality - Structure Section Cut (Floor 11) Reference: Page 19
Durability of function (Usage): Having a place to live is not only a human right but a need as well. The usage of living spaces will also be a need in the next 50 years (calculated lifetime of the build ing materials). The possible change that might occur is in the space requirement for certain activities. Some areas may require more volume, where other areas and activities may require less, specially in denser cities.
1.4 Functionality - Structure Reinforcement for the concrete beam (Level 11) Intersection point between beam and column (Level 11) Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
On average the column grid has a distribution of 6.30m x 5.40m, with columns varying from 0.30x0.30m to 0.40x0.50m and wall sections varying from 0.25x0.575m to 0.25x12.025m.
Structural Analysis
1.5 Construction - Structural Analysis Section Cut
Columns and wall sections:
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures
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As seen on the structural integrity on section 1.4, all the structural components of the building have been built with reinforced concrete. On this section we will be able to take a closer look into the details and analyze the components regarding their dimensions.
Foundation on basement: The foundation consists of a 1.60m thick reinforced and casted concrete, that transfers the vertical loads through pillars into the ground. Unfortunately access to the infor mation of the pillars have not been granted.
Roof: The roof and terrace slabs are composed of reinforced concrete as well and have a thickness of 25cm, covered with a 100 to 15mm XPS hard insulation layer, water proofing membrane and a 30mm protective mat.
Core Structure:
As seen on the floor plans, the core structure is made of 80cm thick reinforced concrete walls that surround the elevator shafts and the services, creating 4 major com ponents that act as the main pillars for the vertical load. (Please refer to the attached floor plans and section cut).
Beams/ Slabs: Like the column grid, the average beams/slabs have a span of 6.30m x 5.40m. Nonetheless, there are six beams that have a very distinct feature. These are the “Core Beams” located on the 11th floor, which have the height of a full level (Approx. 3.20m) and have a span of approx. 42.00m; Carrying the load of 8 storeys.
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1. The two main layouts that compose the building are the tower part, which is the thinner, column -like part of the crane; and there is the top part, which is the horizontal part of the crane. These two components have different space volumes.
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a) Wall Type b) Wall Type c) Wall Type d)
4. The stories are designed with an open plan layout, allowing some flexibility for the user to modify their own space. At the same time this leaves the possibility for future modifications open, without compromising the structural integrity.
Distinguishing Features of Components - Exterior Walls: There are 3 different types of exterior walls covering the building. These are the following:
c) Concrete Walls sheathed with metal panels (Atrium on top levels): These walls are composed of a 20 cm rein forced concrete, following a 14cm XPS insulation layer, a 10cm air gap plus a a layer of aluminum panels.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Martin Wollensak
Professor:
3. The upper levels on the (horizontal part of the build ing) have an atrium that works as an inner yard and allows the transfer of indirect daylight to the interior spaces.
a) Window walls: The window walls have a height of 49.5cm, and a total thickness of 57.5cm. From the inside towards the outside, the structural part of the wall consists of a 20cm reinforced concrete wall, covered with a 15cm XPS insulation layer, a 10cm air gap and a layer of aluminum panels.
2. The 11th floor is mainly for structural purpose and the hollow spaces as “basement” for the storeys above it.
Key Features Regarding plant
d) Similar as walls on (c) but with a glass 2.385cm panel.
b) Structural bearing walls (From level 0 to 11): Composed of a reinforced concrete wall that is 50cm in thickness, protected by a 8cm layer of XPS insulation, following a 4cm air gap and an aluminum panel.
1.5 Construction - Features of Components Wall Type
1.5 Construction - Properties of Materials Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1.6 Building and Cost Factors Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Consumption of energy/ running expenses: According to multiple real estate agents and online, platforms the apartment units have an average consumption of 76 kWh/ (m2xa). Which is 76 Kilowatt hour per square meter per year. According to the EnEV “Energieausweis” the apartment units have on averga an efficiency class of B. All the building services like the gas, and heating are provided by a distance system. (Fernwärme).
The Kranhaus Nord in Cologne is not only a residen tial building, but one of the three iconic Kranhäuser of cologne as well. Many citizens of cologne feel proud and identified with it, while at the same time it attracts many tourists to the vicinities. The structure is part of cologne’s re-development plan that aims to increase the financial activities and investment in this area of the city. This is also seen with the “EA Games” building and microsoft’s head quarters on the same block. The complex is also next to the famous “Lindt’s Schokolade Museum” and the historic Siebengebirge apartment units. The building is a residential complex that has a commercial use on the ground level which is currently being used by restaurants. From the 133 units; 80% is being used, thus satisfying the need for residences in the surroundings. The location besides offering the above mentioned attractions, it offers direct access to the Rhine River and a small harbor on the back side for boating fans as well as to the pathways on the riverbanks. A good connection to the subway, and close proximity to the central station is also a plus.
Building/ Extent of utilization
This section aims to prove the main dif ferences in climatic conditions between Cologne, Germany and Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. After comparing and contrasting the natural environment between he two locations, another analysis will be done to understand how the existing building behaves (energetically speaking and with the use of resources).
The gathered information will aid in the possible solutions to adapt and improve the efficiency of the building in its new location.
City: Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Geographical Location: 19°00′N 70°40′W Climate Zone: Tropical Rainforest
Santo Domingo is the capital city of Dominican Republic, located in the Caribbean. Due to its geographical location, amount of rainfall, temperature, humidity and solar radiation, the main climatic zone is classified as Tropical Rainforest. Nevertheless, the Do minican Republic has multiple sub-climatic zones due to its variation in topography and altitudes. According to the Köppen climate types, the Island has the following sub-categories: Rainforest, Monsoon, Savanna, Hot semi-ar id, Humid subtropical and Oceanic.
2.1 Location - Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
2.2 Location - Climate Conditions (Comparison Cologne - Santo Domingo) CelsiusDegreesinTemperature January403020100 February March April May June July August September October November December Cologne Max Cologne Min STO.DGO Max STO.DGO Min mminRainfall January200150100500 February March April May June July August September October November December 63 56.8 53.8 71.9 187.7 140.1 144.6 177.4 180.9 186.8 99.8 84.3 75 50 70 62 68 90 78 70 64 66 72 81 Cologne Santo Domingo (%)HumidityRelative 67.522.504590January February March April May June July August September October November December 82.5 80.8 79.3 78.8 82.5 83.7 83.8 84.6 85.1 85.7 84.2 83.3 86 82 78 70 70 77 78 80 79 82 84 80 Cologne Santo Domingo Temperatures Relative Humidity Daylight and Sunshine Rainfall orange)and(YellowSunshine/(Blues)Daylight 1612840January February March April May June July August September October November December 5.7 6.4 7.4 6.7 6 6.1 6.1 6.9 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.7 11.4 11.6 12.1 12.6 13 13.2 13.1 12.7 12.2 11.7 11.3 11 1.4 2.6 3.3 5.1 5.9 5.9 5.9 5.8 4.5 3.3 1.8 1.3 9 10 12 14 16 16 16 14 13 11 9 6 Cologne Daylight Cologne Sunshine STO.DGO Daylight STO.DGO Sunshine Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
2.2 Location - Climate Conditions - Wind Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Solar ImageMovement:upperleft: Solar movement during the summer solstice. Image lower left: Solar movement Solar Irradiation: In Santo Domingo the Direct Normal Irradiation is 4.499 kWh/m2 per day, while in Cologne, the DNI is 2.546 kWh/M2 per day. 2.3 Location - Climate Conditions - Solar Analysis - Effects on the building Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Adaptability to new location:
-Distinguishing features Thermal Insulation:
- Thermal Insulation - Climate control systems (Heating/ cooling)
The main load requirement that must be addressed is to adapt the structure to withstand seismic movements. The entire island sits over a tectonic plate and exactly the north coast of the Dominican Republic is the border between the Caribbean plate and the North American plate. Making this location prone to earthquakes. The last signifi cant earthquakes recorded have been in 2003 north of the island with a magnitude of 6.4, in 2010 in Haiti with a magnitude of 7 and in 2019 in Puerto Rico with a magnitude of 6.4. Other loads include rainfall, and has be taken into account so that the drainage systems don’t get overloaded.
In order to adapt the building to its new location, the following parameters should be taken into account:
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According to the collected data, the new location of the building presents higher tem peratures throughout the year, a higher humidity value, more rainfall, UV Index values are also higher as well as the average sunshine every month. Only the wind speed and Daylight hours are less in Santo Domingo.
Structural Integrity / Load Requirements:
In the new climate zone, the building requires no heating systems, but instead it needs cooling systems to maintain a comfortable interior environment. These could be either, Air Conditioning systems with inverter units or combining passive and active ventilation systems to increase the airflow in the interior and maintain good air quality. Cross ventilation or a chimney effect could increase the comfort of the inner space significantly.
Climate Control Systems:
2.4 Location - Suggestions Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures
- Materials - Sustainable energy concepts - Water management (taking advantage of rainfall)
The thermal insulation of the building should be increased to dissipate as much heat as possible and avoid the absorption by thermal mass. Otherwise the building will over heat and in the case of using climate control systems like A/C to cool down the interior, the insulation will avoid the heat transfer.
- Load requirements (i.e. rainfall and earthquake)
Construction/ Distinguishable features: Sustainable Energy Concepts:
-Walls should be as light as possible, a possibility is using thinner walls.
-Using light colors on the metal panels of the ventilated façade.
2.4 Location - Suggestions Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
- Green (Vegetated) Roofing as alternative.
-Using light color paints.
-The area of the openings can be reduced by reducing the height of the windows and doors.
-Changing the sheathing to a ventilated façade.
Adaptability to new location:
Walls:
-Adding a vapor barrier to avoid the absorption of humidity through the walls.
A layer of solar panels might work as synergy since it will create shade on the roofing of the penthouses and can help reduce the absorption of heat since the solar panels will block the direct sunlight.
-Increasing the insulation on the walls to avoid heat transfer to the interior.
-Adding a barrier against radiant heat, for example: Alumi num foil (between the ventilated façade and the insulation).
Windows/ Balcony Doors: - The glass of the windows should be planned with the lowest g-value possible in order to avoid the transmittance of solar heat into the interior space through light.
Roof: - Adding a vapor membrane to avoid humidity transfer.
-Adding a layer against the radiant heat transfer.
Water Management: According to the collected data on the rainfall, Santo Domingo receives an average of 120mm of rainfall annually, compared to the 70mm of rainfall seen in Cologne. This 58% increase can be useful if the building is equipped with a water management and storage system. Not only to drain the water as quick as possible and reduce surface humidity, but also for the sanitary activities in the building.
-The windows should be openable in order to allow a cross ventilation through the inner space (cross- ventilation).
-Using a double or triple glazed door/window in case that the building will use A/C systems.
-Using a roof sealer designed for hot climates, otherwise it will get burned with the constant solar impact.
Local Materials: Dominican Republic produces all of the main mate rials that compose the design of the building. Like cement/ concrete, steel and glass. Therefore using a local production would be lees damaging for the environment mainly because of the transportation carbon footprint.
The integration of sustainable energy concepts could be a very beneficial approach. The irradiation values in the Dominican Republic are very high, as well as the sunshine hours per day. Solar energy could be very well integrated into the design.
- Increasing the thickness of the insulation layer would reduce the heat transfer (in this case the heat transfer towards the inner space). This will reduce the heat absorpion by the concrete structures. The absorbed heat is usually released towards the interior.
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Description Assuming that apart from the high transit bridge next to the Kranhaus Nord, (Severinsbrücke - Bundestrasse 55) a new motorway will be built adjacent to it, taking the Bayenstrasse.
Section:
A mixed building that integrates the above mentioned usage is possible mainly because of the immediate surroundings. Most of the edifications that surround the Kranhaus Nord already house offices and restau rants. A hotel, or timesharing condos could be beneficial since it is very well located in the city center and close to the main attractions. (This includes the three “Kranhäuser” themselves).
Structure - Update the Layout of the floor plans - Changing the openings (windows and doors) Revise the Fire Safety Concept - Change materials for comfort and efficiency Technical (These are bullet points that should be take into consideration in the event of converting the building).
-Refurbish the building so that it meets the new energy demands, in this case the EnEV and DGNB regulations. solar protection (blinds) in the case of commercial usage the garage for more vehicles, bicycles and motorbikes (Car-sharing, Electric and rechargeable cars or more comfort for people who use Bicycles.) the water demand -Update -Developcommunicationanewmaintenance and service plan - Description of an Existing Residential Building Design | 23.04.2020 Planning Design Martin Wollensak
3.0 Conversion
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The following changes must be taken into account to adapt the build ing to the new parameters: Regulations: Zoning/ Usage Change (This is an external process the already built construction, therefore will not be followed up in this analysis).
Analysis and Assesment
Also assuming that the building no longer complies with the regulations for residential buildings; it has to be converted in order to be re-used and expand its lifetime. A mixed use is proposed to the client, where the building is partially commercial (Restaurant/ office spaces and partially hotel/ residential).
-Adding
and
-Update
Planning and
-Update
of Existing Structures Professor:
3.1 Conversion - Changes to the Structure Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor:
The concept is to orgnize the uses in a way that the commercial and of fice spaces are on the lower section of the building (being closer to the newly high traffic street and thus absorbing the sound that reaches the building after passing over the water-channel and harbour). To protect the lower section, the exterior windows and doors must be changed to windows and doors that offer higher sound insulation standards. On the upper levels, only the side facing the new runway must be updated, thus minimizing the costs of changing all the doors and windows. So a partial refurbishment will be done instead of a complete one.
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The fire safety concept must be revised for the new quantity of people and the flow through the vertical access in the case of an emergency.
Special attention should be give to the selection and implementation of new materials and technologies that improve the interior space and the overall experience of the user, for example, Certain carpets can improve the quality of space by reducing noise levels and absorbing particles of contaminated air. Another example is the use of bio-adap tive lighting that matches the human biological cycles.
Proper administration of water sources can be done following the requirements of the Stadtwerke Köln. Martin
The most important change to be done to this building ls the layout and adapt it to other activities. The structure consist of an open floor plan layout and therefore its flexible for most uses, nonetheless, apart from its flexibility it is important to take a closer look to the loads the building was designed for, eg. Each floor was designed to support x number of users with an x amount of weight (average) simultaneously, and this number should not be exceeded unless the structure is recal culated and assessed.
Changes to the structure
On the following drawings we can appreciate how flexible the floor plans are and how they adapt to new geometries.
3.1 Conversion - Changes to the Structure (Office Spaces) Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
3.1 Conversion - Changes to the Structure (Original) Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
3.1 Conversion - Changes to the Structure - Variant 1, Large Hotel Rooms Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
3.1 Conversion - Changes to the Structure - Variant 2, Small and Medium Hotel Rooms Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
3.1 Conversion - Changes to the Structure - Rooftop Restaurants and Lounge Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
A. ENV1.1 - Ecological Balance - Emission related environmental effects
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak
B. ENV2.1 - Ecological Balance - Consumption of resources C. ECO1.1 - Building related costs during lifecycle ENV1.1 - Ecological Balance - Emission related environmental effects
Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
On the other hand, the building does create indirect emissions because all the provided services like electricity, heating and water are services provided by the state run com panies on the distance; meaning that the emissions are generated elsewhere. Therefore the building has to be efficient nonetheless. The main services ,like in most buildings, are water, heating and electricity. A renovation to be done 30 years after the building has been built will mean that it will be subjected to the regulations of 2040. Since this information doesn’t exist, the regulations of 2020 will be used and tried to be optimized.
Renovation On this section let’s assume that the building has changed ownership after 20 years of use. Due to wear and tear it has to be renovated and requires investments from the new owners. A study will be conducted to get a closer look into the requirements in order to investigate what is necessary after 30 years as well as what is needed to reduce the energy consumption of the existing structure.
Framework As a way to understand the requirements of sustainability and efficiency for renovations of residential buildings, this section will focus on the 3 most important criteria (out of a list of 11) of the “DGNB” (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nachhaltiges Bauen”. Three will be cho sen in order to reduce the scope of this investigation, but enough to serve as a sample.
4.0 Renovation - Description - Emissions
Buildings emit carbon-dioxide directly and indirectly into the atmosphere, although it might not look like it. In the case of the Kranhaus Nord, there is no direct emissions be cause there are no built water boilers, heaters, there is no built-in generator that pollutes the environment or other machinery that requires combustion nor fossil fuels.
*Quantity of electrical equipment
-Install (update) the automated shading system.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak
If the end consumption is 140% greater than the allowance the project gets 10 points, if the consumption is 70% of the allowance, then the project will be award ed with 100 points.
*Amount of people in the dwelling.
The image on the right is a representation of the energy consumption per person, depending if it’s an apartment building or a house and wether or not the water is heated by electricity. Following this estimate and the 530 residents in “Pandion Vista”, the estimated energy consumption per year is 661,800 kWh*a.
In order to reduce the energy loss and consumption the following measures can be taken into-Updatingaccount:the windows, from double glazing to triple glazing.
*Living situation: Apartment renal or family home.
-Convert the inner atrium into a buffer zone by closing the opening at the top. (With a translucent material to enable sunlight.
-Install energy monitoring devices.
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Energy Saving Systems:
-Changing the insulation system (WDVS) (Preferably after 40 years, when the materials reach its life-expectancy).
According to the “German Federal Ministry for Environment, Natural Protection, Construction and Reactor Security” (Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit), the energy consumption depends on the following points:
4.1 Renovation - Energy Efficiency
According to the DGNB requirements in part ENV2.1 there are multiple levels of efficiency with a number of possible equations that determine how many points of efficiency a project gets depending on how much energy it consumes. The points start with a 10, all the way up to 120.
ENV2.1 - Ecological Balance - Consumption of resources
*Electrical hot water preparation
If the goal is to achieve 100 points, the energy consumption will need a reduction of 30%, which will end up with a sum of 463,260 kWh*a.
-Install an automated system (on windows) for cross ventilation through the inner atrium during summer.
-Using electrical equipment with low energy consumption.
ENV2.1 - Ecological Balance - Consumption of resources Water Saving Systems: On this page we will look at a table that shows the maximum consumption per equipment as well as the maximum flush (litres per second) as designated by the DGNB for households. Water Saving Equipment Equipment Max consumption in (L/s), also (L/flush) by the DGNB Selected Equipment Consumption in (L/ s), also (L/flush) Notes Sink (Fitting/Valve) 0.15 Hansgrohe Logis 100 LowFlow 0.0583 Toilet/ Urinal Side 3 Grohe Rapid SLX + CosmopolitanSkate 3 Toilet 6 Grohe Rapid SLX + CosmopolitanSkate 6 Shower 0.25 Dornbracht 28-504-979-06 0.1166 Bathtub 70 N/A Dishwasher (Per Cycle) 20 Siemens, studioline iQ700 Vollintegrierter 9.5 Average in 220 Cycles Landry Machine (Per Cycle) 60 Samsung , WW81M642OPW/EG,8KG 36.81 Average in 220 Cycles 4.2 Renovation - Water Management Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
ECO1.1 - Building Related costs during lifecycle
An important part of sustainability is the financial aspect of a project. On the following chart we will not only take a look at the list of materials that are di rectly tied to maintaining an ecological balance, but a closer look to life cycles and estimated costs as well.
The Information used to determine the life expectancy of each material was with the database of the BNB “Bewerstungssystem für Nachhaltiges Bauen” from the “Bundesministerium des Innern, für Bau und Heimat (BMI)”
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Consumption of Resources (Materials) Consumption of resources plays an important role in maintaining an ecological balance. Wether consuming too much or not replenishing them, it does has a negative impact. Buildings or projects that are being renovated, usually make less of an impact on the ecosystem when compared to newly built projects; this is because renovations in many cases, re-use parts and materials of the building that are already in place and have already been financed.
4.3 Renovation - Lifespan + Costs ExteriorLifespan:Materials Prices shown are estimates and in Euros InteriorLifespan:Materials Sound proofing on floor Layered parquet Wooden planks (coating and Doorssealers)(Wood) Doors (Fire protection) Door (Smoke protection) Door handle and lock Interior walls (drywall) Interior walls (concrete) InteriorInteriorplasterpaint CeilingCeiling(concrete)(paint) Floor tiles, ceramic (Bathrooms) Floor tiles, natural stone (Bathrooms) Wall tiles, ceramic (Bathrooms) Wall tiles, natural stone (Bathrooms) Electrical installation Heating System Sanitary installation (incl. fixtures + heating system) Wall coverings (Fire protection) Ceiling coverings (Fire protection) Years 0 10 20 30 40 50 AluminumConcreteSteelpanels Doors and windows/ aluminum Doors and windows/ isolier-glas Door and windows insulating profiles Wooden planks on balconies Wooden planks (coating and sealers) Railing (aluminum and glass) Water sealer on walls (Basement) Perimeter insulation (Basement) Roof sealer (under insulation) Roof sealer - Bitumen layer Thermal insulation composite system Asphalt layer on roof (protection) Water sealer on top of insulation Paint (Wall sections on balconies) Years 0 10 20 30 40 50
Stage 1: Safety Measures
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin
Stage 2: Preparatory Dismantling
5.0 Demolition
The process of demolishing a building must be done very carefully and following the local regulations and the safety parameters. Most projects already include a dismantling/ demolition plan during the conception stages (Design and Execution Planning). If the demo lition is not foreseen, the first step is to prepare a demolition plan.
The safety of civilians as well as the working personnel is necessary in order to avoid injuries or health complications in the case of ex isting hazardous chemicals, fire or electricity. Some of the measures taken for this aspect is setting up barriers like fences, scaffolding, or the use of geo-textiles in the event of using explosives. Management of the staff, communication and the use of special clothing and equipment.
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Dismantle parts of the building that may compromise the safety of its surroundings. Like if the building to be demolished is adjacent or attached to another, separation is required. Preparation can also be classifying, pre-organizing, and separating all the materials according to their types, like metals, plastics, ce ramics and so on. On the following table a list made by the European Commission is shown, and after extensive research, also labelled according to their re-usability, recyclability, if they are opt for landfills or not and so on.
Dismantling for example is, un-installing all the sanitary fixtures like toilets and other ceramics, uninstalling all the aluminum panels of the façade, taking out the furniture and etc….. This process although it requires more time at first, it simplifies the separation process on the last stage and materials are purer. Wollensak
Demolition Assuming that the redevelopment of the building after 30 years is uneconomic for the client, other possibilities should be taken into account and on this section we will take a look at the possibility of demolition to replace it with a new one that adapts better to the requirements and possibly more sustainable.
Most demolitions consist on 5 primary stages which are:
the European
Analysis and Assesment of an Residential and Design Planning
C&D Waste Classification
Classification according to protocol of Comission*
Stage 3: Supply and/ or Installation of explosives
the waste
Stage 4: Explosion After the timing is prepared, then experienced per sonnel should detonate the explosives.
Existing
5.1 Demolition - Waste Management
The rest of the materials that can be separated should be handled according to regulations. All the materials, even if the life-cycle of the build ing has ended, the materials still have use and can be processed differently either to terminate or to ex tend its usage in a responsible way that harms less the environment.
During this stage there are two options, whether the building will be demolished with explosives or if the building will be knocked down using machinery and other equipments. The building has to be prepared beforehand to acquire the desired results.
| 23.04.2020 Section:
Building Planning
Professor: Martin Wollensak
Another option is to time the explosion in a syn chronized way. All the columns on the atrium of the upper floors can be blown first, then after the inner part begins to collapse, the second line of columns towards the façade can be taken down, creating an implosion on the upper floors, and lastly explode the lower explosives on the basement, so that the whole falls as vertically as possible.
Stage 5: Material Handling and Recycling
In our case for example, the explosion should not start immediately; if the main column that supports the overhanging body (the upper part of the Kra nhaus) is exploded first, the building will collapse but in an uncontrolled way and the downfall is unpredictable. Instead, the upper floors have to be demolished with machines floor by floor until only the two vertical bodies are standing, then the explosives can be used to finish the rest of the building.
and Design of Existing Structures
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Demolition Costs (Estimate): According to Kostencheck.de and Talu.de on march 2020 these are the following prices in Germany. - Planning: 8-10 EUR/m2 - Preparations/ classification: 21-25 EUR/m2 - Demolition: 80 - 100EUR/m2 - Ground work: 32-40 EUR/m2 - Disposal Costs: 24-35 EUR/m3
5.2 Demolition - Costs Pandion Vista Nord: The building is designed in a way that doesn’t mix or use a lot of composed materials which is good for the separation and demolition process because all the different materials and components are can be easily separated. The building uses a wide range of material types, but these are nonetheless not blended; for example the Façade is composed of concrete walls, an XPS insulation layer and covered with aluminum sheathing panels. The process of separation is simple because they are not glued but screwed together. The panels can be unmounted, the XPS layer can be either unscrewed or cut off, and the concrete with rebars can also be separated.
All the metal panels (which cover the other 66% of the exterior) can also be re-used or re-cycled directly after dismantling. The wooden floors can be re-used as they are, or incinerated if desired. Many components are easily selected and separated.
Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
Another positive aspect is that about 44% of the façade is covered with windows that can be unmounted and directly re-used. That saves time and resources.
The gathered information was done via research online on multiple weather agencies. This phase of the research lets us understand the impact of the natural conditions depending on the location. In this case we see that the building is not well equipped for the hot weath er, specially because of the amount of glazing. The temperature of this loca tion ranges between 22 and 30 degrees celsius during summer, which is very close to the comfort range. The conversion of this resi dential building into a mixed used hotel did not pose a big challenge. The building is built with an open plan layout which enable enough flexibility to demolish and build new interior walls and all the interior spaces have access to the exterior mem brane, which improves the interior climate. This building is easy to maintain and renovate. Ren ovating the building after 30 years is not too challenging but requires a good management plan; most of it’s components have a approximated lifespan of 50 years, components that have a more intensive daily usage degrade between 20 and 30 years but that enters the category of maintenance. As analyzed, the building doesn’t contain hazardoues chemicals, thus simplifying the demolition process. Dismantling the building would be recomended if done after the lifespan of the main structure has been reached. On the social aspect, the demolition of this building could have a socio-economic impact on the citizens of Cologne. Specially because of it’s location and the icon is has become for the city.
6. Results Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
1 2 3 4 5
Documentation This phase offered insight into the building and the different components, which allowed for a better undertanding it functions and interacts with the inmediate Thesurroundings.documentation is very close to the end product, nevertheless some informa tion may have a margin of error.
Location Conversion Renovation Demolition
Bibliography Documentation: Interior design: Studio a.s.h in Cologne Source of Architecture: Hadi Teherani Weather Analysis:-many/cologne-climatehttps://www.weather-atlas.com/en/ger-https://weather-and-climate.com/av erage-monthly-Humidity-perc,Cologne, Germany - https://www.windfinder.com/windstatistics/koeln_bonnsunpath3d.htmlhttp://andrewmarsh.com/apps/staging/ Buidling Components: - https://www.tuer.de/ (Company Prüm) - https://www.glastroesch.de/ - https://www.schueco.com/web2/com - https://www.bmi.bund.de/ - https://www.hansgrohe.com/ - https://www.dornbracht.com/de - https://www.siemens-home.bsh-group. com/de/produkte/geschirrspuelerhome-appliances/washers/https://www.samsung.com/us/ Sustainability: - Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Na turschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit -(https://www.bmu.de/)https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/home? - https://enev-online.com/enev_2014_ tent/eu-construction-and-demoli--volltext/index.htmhttps://www.dgnb.de/de/index.phphttps://ec.europa.eu/growth/con tion-waste-protocol-0_en Analysis and Assesment of an Existing Residential Building Planning and Design | 23.04.2020 Section: Planning and Design of Existing Structures Professor: Martin Wollensak Tel. +49 1520 523 3452 Mail: jakobbrockmans@gmail.comJakobBrockmans
