The Green Campus Model, CAU Kiel

THE GREEN CAMPUS MODEL A Spatial Vision and Master Plan for Campus Bremerskamp, CAU, Kiel. JakobDanielBrockmansAnefu Jakob Brockmans

SCIENCE.KIEL.CITY. Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Introduction Scope of Work AnalysisSituationCurrentof Aims | Goals ConceptBuilding Conclusion + Bibliography Urban Concept | Master Plan | Overview Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

INDEX 1. INTRODUCTION 2. SCOPE OF WORK 3. ANALYSIS / CURRENT SITUATION 3.1 SITE DESCRIPTION / LOCATION / HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 3.2 CLIMATE / GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 3.3 URBAN ANALYSIS 3.4 MOBILITY 3.5 WATER/WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT 3.6 WASTE MANAGEMENT 3.7 ENERGY 4. AIMS / GOALS 5. URBAN CONCEPT / MASTERPLAN 5.1 MASTERPLAN 5.2 MOBILITY CONCEPT 5.3 ENERGY 5.4 WATER MANAGEMENT 5.5 WASTE MANAGEMENT 5.6 SOCIAL CONCEPT 5.7 COMMERCIAL CONCEPT 6. BUILDING CONCEPT 6.1. BUILDING DESIGN CONCEPT 6.2 SUSTAINABLE DESIGN CONCEPTS 6.3 ENERGY 6.4 BUILDING MATERIALS 6.5 WATER & WASTEWATER 6.6 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS 7. CONCLUSION + BIBLIOGRAPHY Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

The summer semester 2020 project is to plan and design a sus tainable campus extension for the Christian-Albrechts-University (CAU) of Kiel. The aim is to conceptualize a future-oriented “Green Campus” which includes a urban development concept and open space plan for the ‘Vision Area’ of the university quarter.

Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Some of the parameters include: Land-use (space and function), Traffic, Green Space, Socio-cultural, Economical, and Legal aspects. Others include Water management, Material and Resource management, Energy concepts and waste management Ever changing conditions at CAU; such as increasing enrollment and new emerging research areas require additional space and capacities. Another important aspect is the allocation of tem porary facilities that can be used while existing and decaying buildings undergo refurbishment.

1. Introduction Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings

Professor: Martin Wollensak

` Introduction

The Bremerskamp Campus has been selected for the location and it is to be turned into a lively, environmental-friendly and sustainable district with its own identity, while at the same time being intertwined into the urban fabric, thus respecting various concepts of sustainability like mobility and commerce.

The focus is the development of the Bremer skamp area and convert this part of the Campus into a lively, environmentally friendly and sustainable district. The integration of the university quarter and other university location into the urban fabric adopts an eco logical concept perspective.

The requirements for the “Green Campus Model” include; urban zoning (space and function), mobility, green spaces, socio-cul tural and economical aspects. Other aspects include water (and water management), materials, resources, energy, waste and emissions.

` Scope + Aims

2. Scope of Work Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak

In order to cover these aspects, the present proposal includes an analysis of the existing conditions surrounding the selected area, a solution that covers the spatial and func tional programm needs of the campus on a urban scale and the proposition of a building that serves as an exploration for a solution of low-carbon sustainable architecture. Mail:

Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

But first... lets turn the clock backwards!............ Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.1 Analysis of Current Situation - Historical Background Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Legend - Kiel a) 1652 b) 1726 c) 1806 d) 1869 e) 1910 3.1 Analysis of Current Situation - Historical Background da e b c Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

- The university expanded during the 60’s and converted into a full university offering classes to students of all ways of life and interests.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak

3.1 Analysis of Current Situation - Fun Facts Brief History of the CAU + Fun Facts

- Kiel hosts the Kiel Week (The largest sailing event in the world)

- The university is almost 350 years old.

- Schleswig-Holstein became the first german federal state to cover a 100% of its energy consumption from renewable energy. Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

- After the war, tuition also resumed inside ships on the firths of Kiel.

1st Location New Location

-

The original location of the university was in the city center at the enf of the Schloss-Garten (Castle Garden).

- After the war, the university was re-established in an old ELAC munition factory were tuition resumed.

- The buildings were destroyed during WW2.

Analysis of the Current Situation Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.2 Analysis of Current Situation - Location + Site Description Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.3 Analysis of Current Situation - Urban Analysis - Zoning Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.2 Analysis of Current Situation - Climate Conditions - Temperature Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Wind Analysis Winter solsticeSummer solstice 3.2 Analysis of Current Situation - Climate Conditions - Solar Analysis Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Daylight Hours | Sunshine Hours |

Radiation

Solar The average of low daily sunshine hours from September (4.5 hours) to April (5.1) hours, combined with the low solar irradiation and the cold temperatures in winter result in a low solar gain, thus increasing the deman`d of artificial- heating, air circulation and lighting systems to be able to maintain the user comfort in the interior space of a building.

Current Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.4 Analysis of Current Situation - Mobility Key - Highway/ Overpass (no ac ces from or to the campus) - Bus Stations - Parking - Parking with limited acces - Main Bycicle Route -Sheltered Bycicle Stands Problem: - Parking spaces are not used opti mally, large footprint. - High demmand of personal vehicles - (Apart from the Velo-Route), there is no infrastructure for sustainable -mobility.Usage of ÖPNV not completely -integrated.Externaland internal mobility sys tems work separately. - No space for logistics. Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.4 Analysis of Current Situation - Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.4 Analysis of Current Situation - Mobility Proportion of entire mileage of distance drivers Starting position 2013/2014StudentsEmployees Starting position 2013/2014 Independent Driver / IndependentCar Driver / Car Public Transport Public Transport BicycleBicycle FootFoot Other/ Passengers Other/ Passengers Goal scenario 2020 Goal scenario 2020 Source: Mobilitätskonzept der CAU Büro für Verkehrsökologie (BVÖ), BremenSource: Mobilitätskonzept der CAU Büro für Verkehrsökologie (BVÖ), Bremen Source: Mobilitätskonzept der CAU Büro für Verkehrsökologie (BVÖ), BremenSource: Mobilitätskonzept der CAU Büro für Verkehrsökologie (BVÖ), Bremen Proportion of entire mileage of distance drivers Proportion accompanied drivers Proportion accompanied drivers Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

- During winter the public transpor tation has a higher demmand and therefore more energy is required.

- The high usage of personal vehicles by employees/ staff is a problem in the present due to the lack of tech nological progress and is therefore an industrial issue and not an architectural one. Nevertheless, there is no existing infrastructure that adapts to future technologies. (No infrastructure for EV’s).

3.4 Analysis of Current Situation - Mobility Starting position 2013/2014 (Summer) Starting position 2013/2014 (Summer) Goal Scenario 2020 (Summer) Goal Scenario 2020 (Summer) Starting position 2013/2014 (Winter) Starting position 2013/2014 (Winter) Goal Scenario 2020(Winter) Goal Scenario 2020(Winter) Independent Driver / CarStudentsEmployees Independent Driver / Car Public Transport Public Transport BicycleBicycle FootFoot Other/ Passengers Other/ Passengers

Source: Mobilitätskonzept der CAU Büro für Verkehrsökologie (BVÖ), Bremen

- There is no existing infrastructure for the proposed increase in bicycle usage.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Problems:

- At the moment that means more CO2 emissions and higher maintenance costs + replacement parts.

3.4 Analysis of Current Situation - Mobility Source: Mobilitätskonzept der CAU Büro für Verkehrsökologie (BVÖ), Bremen Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Current Water Management Schwentine, Kiel Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Sources of Drinking Water: Wasserwerk Schulensee: ~ 7,000m3/day

Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Source: Kiel.de

Water Treatment: The Klärwerk Bülk in Kiel disposes the waste-water of Kiel and the 20 surrounding municipalities. At the moment these are the figures: - Population of 310,000 residents. - + Resident-equivalent (eg. Industries) 54,000.

Section: planning and design of new buildings

Wasserwerk Wik: ~ 16,000m3/day

The Stadtwerke Kiel AG manages the water supply and wastewater systems in the area of Schleswig-Holstein.

Problem: Mixed sewage systems require higher energy input, results in wasted nutrients and is a cause of eutro phication

- New Buildings Planning and Design

Wasserwerk Schwentinental: ~ 2,000m3/day

*Future plans to use the thermal properties of the sludge are underway.

-Energy:11GWh/year is required - 35 KWh per resident/year - 8,75 GWh/year is self generated - 80% of the energy required is already self-covered (already in 2020).

Wasserwerk Pries: ~ 30,000m3/day

3.4 Analysis of Current Situation - Water Management Water Management

- Together they produce 19,000,000m3/year - Sewage amount of ~ 52,000m3/day - Sewage Sludge: ~33,000 tons/year

Planning and Design | 09.01.2021

Current Waste Management Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3.6 Analysis of Current Situation - Waste Management Sources: uni-kiel.de + NABU AWM Problem: - Separation is not always respected on site - Not a closed loop and nutrients (Organic and Artificial) are lost Problem: - Disposal Requires transportation and energy - Reusability of raw material is downgraded Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Current Energy Management Küstenkraftwerk K.I.E.L. Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

BiomassGeneral Potential - LS LS -Biomassepotenzial 4 C AU LS Bi om a ss epotenz i a l Men ge Energ i e S perrmü ll 50 t/ a 208 MWh/ a Verp a c k un g 160 t/ a 1. 444 MWh/ a P a p i er/ P a ppe 200 t/ a 664 MWh/ a M i sc h a b f a ll 770 t/ a 2. 139 MWh/ a Grün sc hn i tt 30 t/ a 120 MWh/ a ( 20h a , 30% , 5t/h a) W a ss er k r a f t K opperp a h l er Au900 l / s 5 MWh/ a ( 900l / s , 8760h, 100% WG) Ge s a mt 4. 581 MWh/ a Ge s a mt Grüns c hn i tt u . P a p i er/ P a ppe 784 MWh/ a therm i sc he Verwertun g 90% WG 706 MWh/ a K W K S trom ( 30% WG) 235 MWh/ a K W K W ä rme ( 50% WG) 392 MWh/ a 3.6 Analysis of Current Situation - Energy Management Source: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Energieversorgungskonzept Leibnitzstrasse AK Umweltmanagement 09.04.2013 by e3plan gmbh, Kiel. Basic Information - CAU Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

energie.effizient.erneuerbar e 3 plan PV-Potenzial 5 3.6 Analysis of Current Situation - Energy Management Source: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Energieversorgungskonzept Leibnitzstrasse AK Umweltmanagement 09.04.2013 by e3plan gmbh, Kiel. PV Potential Heat Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

WasserGesamtflächeAnzahlGebäudeflächeHauptnutzflächeStromverbrauchWärmeverbrauchCO2-ÄquivalentAbfall C AU LS 3.7 Analysis of Current Situation - Energy Management Source: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel. Energieversorgungskonzept Leibnitzstrasse AK Umweltmanagement 09.04.2013 by e3plan gmbh, Kiel. Energy Problem: - The total electric and heat consumption is for stages 1 and 2 is107,504 MWh x a . The total production is 7,215 MWh x a. This amounts to 6.71% of the total consumption, from which PV and Wind only covers 39%. - The roof spaces can be more efficiently used for plants and Greenhouses, considering that local crops can reduce emissions by reducing transportation as well as maintenance costs. During photosyntesis plants also absorb CO2 and release oxygen. Another added benefit is that a vegetative layer on the rooftop protects the upper membranes from decaying by the impact of ultra violet rays, increasing the lifetime of roofing components. A vegetative layer also promotes a more stable interior climate. Summary of Energy Analysis Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

c) Poor Reachability/ connectivity. Besides the Velo-route. The internal connection and the accessibility can be improved.

d) There is no waste commerce. Valuable goods could be traded or sold.

f) No infrastructure for short/medium stay commuters. Water Management:

b) High CO2 Emissions. Private and public transporation related to the CAU activities had an impact of around 8,000,000 kg of CO2 between 2013 and 2014.

a) The sewage relies 100% on the district system, which (in cases of overflows) releases untreated water into the ecosystem.

f) Nutrients are lost. Waste Management:

e) Nutrients are lost

e) No infrastructure for E-mobility.

Summary of Existing Conditions_Space for Improvements

a)Energy:Depends on the district. 60% of the consumed energy is for heating and is supplied by the Stadtwerke Kiel (District Heating).

b) High energy demand; because it relies on a central system. Pumping stations are required.

e) Design values are higher.

The system like any central system is prone leakage and heat loss during transportation.

c) No infrastructure for waste treatment; There is no decentralized infrastructure for organic waste treatment and usability.

d) Internal mobility depends on public transportation.

and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design

Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

b) Not taking advantage of the scale of the project. A decentralized and independent system could provide a big portion of the required energy while driving costs down. The volume can be used for getting better values.

a)Mobility:Notenough

parking space for future expansion. Around 66.9% of the staff members and around 75% of students travel be tween 10 and 50 km as independent drivers to reach the CAU. Little difference is noticed between winter and summer.

d) Risk of undergorund watter pollution. Leaked sewer can pollute the undeground water.

b) Waste is still waste; The generated waste is treated as waste and not as a resource.

a) No reward system; The only existing reward system in place is for recycling plastic bottles. Other systems can be implemented.

Planning |

09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings

c) High costs for maintenance and operation.

Urban Development - Masterplan Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Design Process Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Second: The required areas were compacted to the needed amount, instead of the already proposed amount. The right side of the plan was left for landscape planning to permit a connection with the already green spaces that are not part of CAU. Martin Wollensak

Design Process Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor:

A natural center was kept to maintain bio-diversity and maximize the distance between buildings.

Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

First we studied the required areas per building and proyected them on the site borders. Orientation on the borders simplifies the access to the buildings.

Zoning ` Analysis of current situation: CampusNaturalResidentialInstitutionalInstitutional/PublicBremerskamp Zoning - Phase 1 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

` Proposal: to match existing zoning CampusNaturalResidentialInstitutionalInstitutional/PublicCommercialBremerskamp Zoning - Phase 2 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

100 5.1 Urban Concept - Master Plan Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3 Layer Solution Commercial Balanced distribution of sustainability pillars EnvironmentalSocio-cultural Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

3 Layer Solution Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

-EnvironmentalSocio-culturalCommercialMaintainingnatural spaces - Integration of water features - Landscape planning - Use of local vegetation - Enhancing Bio-diversity - Food source for local species - Open spaces for public use - The campus itself is a social and cultural hub. - Institutional buildings - Educational buildings - Spaces for social interaction - Buildings integrated into land scape. - In-campus farm-agro land - Mobility concept and hub with integrated finance. - Roads equiped with induction charging stripes. Electricity sold automatically as cars re-charge. - Mensa/ Market - Extra spaces available for rent to other institutes. - Student Housing equipped with commercial spaces on ground level. Bars, shops, etc...

Challenges in reaching a sustainable future 1. DecentralizationQuality of Life Resilience Mass adoption User-friendly?StabilityGoal Efficiency (Down or Upscaling) Experiences Finance ConsistentPhases developmentCollateralPlugandPlayVariance Use-cases Consensus EmpowermentParticipation+Communities When succesful, the results must be greater than the sum of all components. Greater autonomy for stakeholders FlexibiltyAdaptation to changes 2. Scalability Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

The following pages propose that the project should be done by phases depending on the needs of the university in any given time. The proposal also takes into account the financing of the project so it is built gradually. The phases on this proposal were done considering the growth of the university by a growing population of Nevertheless,students.allthe buildings work separately and independent ly from one another but, if desired, each building is designed as a module that one can plug to the rest of the buildings and allow it to work as a system of blocks.

Modules: - Mobility Hub - Mensa/ Market/ multiple uses - SECC and CETEB - Student Housing, first 240 units - Research Center/ Bio-Center - Lake - Volksgarten Park, for residences Scalability - Phase 1 Volksgarten Park Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

`

` Modules: - Extra Institutional buildings - Mensa module open for franchises - Student Housing, remaining 168 units - Growing crops on farmland (stu dent housing) Scalability - Phase 2 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

` Modules: - Open space BremerskampworkshopsPlaza Scalability - Phase 3 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

` Modules: - Sustainability Center and open office space (if needed extra space in the future). Scalability - Phase 4 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Student Housing + semi commercial spaces on ground floor: 14,000 m2 Max-RübnerBremerskamp11,700Institute:m2Plaza:2,500m2 Sustainability4,800Institute:m2Center6,600m2 Mensa, Markets, Stores, Confence Center, Park + Urban 12,600Farmingm2Park+ Lake ~7,000Park:m2 Bio Center + CeTEB: 21,300Researchm2 Building SECC: 4,800m2Mobility Hub: 5,000 m2, 625 Parking spots Development to be defined: 2,400 m2 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

100 1:2500 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Key - Mobility Hub - Bus Stations - Parking - Parking with limited acces (Stage 1) - Bycicle, scooter, Route -Sheltered Bycicle Stands -Inductive charging lane + Autonomous Shuttles 5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

100 Key - Mobility Hub - Bus Stations - Parking - Parking with limited acces (Stage 1) - Bycicle, scooter, Route -Sheltered Bycicle Stands -Inductive charging lane + Autonomous Shuttles 5.2 Urban Concept - Aided Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

100 5.2 Urban Concept - Pedestrian Mobility / Permeability Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility - Parameters for Mobility Hub Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility - Solution for Parking Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

- AWESOME!!! - Wait..... if my car is moved automatically, who’s gonna plug my car for that clean energy??? Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility - Energy Solution for Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility - Solution for Bicycle Parking/ Storage Safe bike storage: - Lower maintenance costs for end user: a) Longer duration of all parts. b) Reducing usage of oil c) Reducing use of rubber (tires) - Organized modern campus. - Easy to find bicycles. - Protection against theft. Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

You don’t want to be this person on a monday morning I’m sure I parked here!!! 5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility - Paradigm Shift Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.2 Urban Concept - Mobility - Aided Mobility Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Water Management Concept Schwentine, Kiel Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.3 Urban Concept - Water Management Separate Sewage System * Separation of Waste-water and Rain-water + Wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) only loaded with waste water + No sewer overflows + No waste water into bodies of water + Design values smaller and operation is cheaper + Pumping stations only for wastewater + Smaller sewer dimensions allow the use of other materials (like clay). + No backwater in basement rooms cause by rainwater or sewage - Two sewer systems are necessary - Faulty connections are possible - Difficulty for installation in areas with limited space - Treatment for polluted rainwater is necessary - Sedimentation of solids caused by low declines of sewers Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.3 Urban Concept - Water Management - Rain Water Rainwater Harvesting and management Infiltration Systems: (Shaft + Downpipe) Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

5.3 Urban Concept - Water Management - Sewage Vacuum Sewage System (Example: Airvac) Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

a) Reference Project, Hamburg Water Cycle (Vacuum system + decentralized water treatment) b) Aqualoop, decentralized and scalable grey water treatment system. c) Fluence: decentralized and scalable black water treatment system. b)a) c) Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Energy Management Concept Küstenkraftwerk K.I.E.L. Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Energy Consumption in European Household Proposal in 3 Statements: 1. Electricity in Kiel is already 100% renewable. 2. The Focus should be invested in improving efficiency and decreasing consumption. 3. Implementing solar thermal for space heating and water heating in order to remove 79% of the building’s energy consumption load from the grid. ROI Approx 15 years. Source: Data from Eurostat a) Solar thermal heating system, b) Floor heating system, c) UrbanFarmers, The Hague C)a) b) Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

d) Risk of undergorund watter pollution, Solution: a separate sewage + vacumm pumping system reduce the risks of leakage

e) No infrastructure for E-mobility. Solution: Introduction of charging stations, induction stripes on the roads and garage

f) Nutrients are lost, Solution: with a decentralized wwtp nutrients remain on the campus, can be managed as desired and used locally.

a) No reward system; Apart from plastic and glass bottles, would be benefitial to implement rewards separation and for other types of waste.

b) Waste is still waste; Introduce a seminar for waste management in the student’s curriculum.

c) No infrastructure for waste treatment; A joint action could be taken with the city for an optimal transportation and management.

d) There is no waste commerce. Valuable goods could be traded or sold, could be done implementing cryptography.

e) Nutrients are lost: If an optimal management system is introduced, it will no longer be a big problem.

a)Energy:Depends on the district, energy is supplied by the city of Kiel (60% of which is used for heating). Solution: implement solar heaters.

d) Internal mobility depends on public transportation. Solution:The introduction of an internal system is proposed

b) Not taking advantage of the scale of the project. A decentralized and independent system could provide a big portion of the required energy while driving costs down. The volume can be used for getting better values. As calculated, the return of investment is about 15 years, the system has a lifespan of about 20-25 years, meaning a buffer of 5-10 years of free energy (apart from maintenance costs). Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Summary of challenges and proposed solutions - Urban Planning

a) The sewage relies 100% on the district system, Solution: Introduction of decentralized water treatment systems.

f) No infrastructure for short/medium stay commuters. The Mobility hub and Student housing will have specialized short stay ammenities. Water Management:

c) Poor Reachability/ connectivity. As proposed, internal mobility will be improved by the use of smaller, electric vehicles that routinely circle the campus and/ or controlled by demmand using smart apps.

Waste Management:

e) Design values are higher, Solution: Separate sewage systems allow for smaller design values and decentralized wwtp’s reduce distance.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail:

a)Mobility:Notenough

b) High energy demand, Solution: a vacumm sewage system reduces energy consumption + decentralized wwtp have smaller loads.

c) High costs, Solution: Decentralized wwtp might be initially more costly, but it is more resillient and responsible.

parking space for future expansion. The proposed solution is to develop a two stages parking plan, which include an automated and modular parking system which is scalable, at the same time to permit a parking near the Botanic garden for the staff (a parking area only present during the first years until the usage of automobile is reduced, only then, the only possibility will be to use the automated system.

Building Development Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

The ideas arises from open source coding in computer sciences, where there is an original layout which might be used for a specific purpose, but as more people use it, it improves and becomes more efficient. Its adaptable and might be put to use for something else.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak

Bremerskamp Plaza

The selected building for this proyect is an experimental construction that is fu ture oriented, and tackles the problems that might arise in 20 years.

Landscaping and greenery on top of the building, with different heights, fosters bio-diversity and serves as a park/plaza for the daily user. Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

The proposal is an open-space workshop and research center that acts as a flexible membrane which allows all types of uses in the interior. The layout is arranged so today it might be a workshop, but tomorrow it could be a classroom, a conference center, a cafeteria, a laboratory, a residential building. The layout is adaptable to any circumstanc es. It also functions as a hub for interaction and multidisciplinary projects, where people can meet adn share.

Cons: - Higher initial constructions costs - Drainage systems must be carefully planned to avoid humidity.

Pros: - Lower maintenance costs - Façade more resistant to erosion: no rain, direct wind nor sun.

Building at ground level + Earth Cover

- Soil will have to be provided from another location.

- Heat is maintai1ned, no fluctutations in outer temperature.

- Higher protection from severe weather.

- Landscape heights vary and might not be as accessible for all people and requires careful planning.

- Usage of local material (earth).

Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

- Building is seamlessly integrated into the landscape.

Mail:

Volumetric Concept + Considerations Building at ground level Pros: - Cheaper constructions costs - Easy access - Traditional building methods - Higher solar gains if desired - Easier ventilation - Easier humidity control - High maintenance costs Cons: - Higher maintenance costs - Façade erosion by exposure: rain, wind, and sun - More harsh chemicals needed More insulation + Plaster required to protect outer membrane. - Faster heat loss - Buildings block walking paths and not as integrat ed into landscape

- Less chemicals required: no extra insulation system nor plaster.

- Ventilation systems are more complex.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak

- Lower maintenance costs

- Façade more resistant to erosion: no rain, direct wind nor sun.

Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

- Offers a flat walkable top Cons: - Higher initial constructions costs - Drainage systems must be carefully planned to avoid humidity. - Ventilation systems are more complex.

- Higher protection from severe weather.

- Being underground might pose a social challenge.

- Less chemicals required: no extra insulation system nor plaster.

Pros: - Excavation provides the main building material and the soil for the landscaping of the project.

Building below ground level

The variant below ground is preferred because it offers the possibility to use the local soil. The building site provides the materials for the construction...

Volumetric Concept + Considerations Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak

- Usage of local material (earth).

- Natural landscape heights remain similar.

- Building is seamlessly integrated into the landscape.

- Heat is maintained, no fluctutations in outer temperature.

References - Exterior Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

References - Interior Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Ground Floor Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Main Level -1 Below Grade Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Basement -2 Below Grade Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Section-cut A Section-cut B Plans Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Section-cut C Section-cut D Plans Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Material Selection Concrete Steel Wood Earth/ Soil Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Material Impact - Indices Global Warming Potential (per m3) Eutrophication (per m3) Material Unit Production A1-A3 Waste Management C3 Recycling Potential D Concrete C35/45 kg CO2 eq. • 244 • 6.01 • -21.4 Steel kg CO2 eq. • 1125 • 1.844 • -413.4 Structural Wood kg CO2 eq. • -640.3 • 928.5 • -232.1 Rammed Earth kg CO2 eq. • 9.349 • 6.756 • -2.938 Material Production A1-A3 (kg CO2 eq.) Waste Management C3. (kg CO2 eq.) Recycling Potential D (kg CO2 eq.) Concrete C35/45 244 6.01 -21.4 Steel 1125 1.844 -413.4 Structural Wood -640.3 928.5 -232.1 Rammed Earth 9.349 6.756 -2.938 Material Production A1-A3 (kg CO2 eq.) Waste Management C3. (kg CO2 eq.) Recycling Potential D (kg CO2 eq.) Concrete C35/45 244 6.01 -21.4 Steel 1125 1.844 -413.4 Structural Wood -640.3 928.5 -232.1 Rammed Earth 9.349 6.756 -2.938 Material Einheit Production A1-A3 Waste Management C3 Recycling Potential D Concrete C35/45 kg CO2 eq. • 0.0655 • 0.00217 • -0.00886 Steel kg CO2 eq. • 0.219 • 0.0006692 • -0.0666 Structural Wood kg CO2 eq. • 0.1518 • 0.0002063 • -0.03124 Rammed Earth kg CO2 eq. • 0.007354 • 0.01096 • -0.005861 Material Production A1-A3 (kg CO2 eq.) Waste Management C3. (kg CO2 eq.) Recycling Potential D (kg CO2 eq.) ConcreteSteelC35/45 0.219 Structural Wood Rammed Earth . 0.007354 Eutrophication 0.06550.1518 0.002170.010960.00066920.0002063 -0.00886-0.0666-0.03124-0.005861 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

13% 32% 10% 3% 42% Floor Slab/ Foundation Columns Beams Roof Slab Walls Mass Distribution Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Global Warming Potential Indicators-1 Building Type Total Weight (kg) Production A1-A3 (kg C02) Waste Management C3 (kg C02) Recycling Potential D (kg C02) Concrete 3,921,600 956,870,400 23,568,816 -83,922,240 Concrete + Steel 3,659,036 1,106,919,500 20,978,318 -173,573,482 Concrete + Rammed Earth Walls 4,492,800 843,946,445 27,803,827 -76,295,578 Concrete + Rammed Earth Walls and Floor Slab 4,953,600 487,830,528 22,636,038 -49,291,776 Total Weight (kg) Production A1-A3 (kg C02) Waste Management C3 (kg C02) Recycling Potential D (kg C02)-300,000,000 0 300,000,000 600,000,000 900,000,000 1,200,000,000 100%Concrete 7%93%ConcreteSteel 24% 76% RammedConcrete Earth Walls 62% 38% RammedConcrete Earth (Walls + Floor Slab) 100%Concrete 7%93%ConcreteSteel 24% 76% RammedConcrete Earth Walls 62% 38% RammedConcrete Earth (Walls + Floor Slab) 100%Concrete 7%93%ConcreteSteel 24% 76% RammedConcrete Earth Walls 62% 38% RammedConcrete Earth (Walls + Floor Slab) 100%Concrete 7%93%ConcreteSteel 24% 76% RammedConcrete Earth Walls 62% 38% RammedConcrete Earth (Walls + Floor Slab) 100%Concrete 7%93%ConcreteSteel 24% 76% RammedConcrete Earth Walls 62% 38% RammedConcrete Earth (Walls + Floor Slab) Global Warming Potential Indicators-1 Building Type Total Weight (kg) Production A1-A3 (kg C02) Waste Management C3 (kg C02) Recycling Potential D (kg C02) Concrete 3,921,600 956,870,400 23,568,816 -83,922,240 Concrete + Steel 3,659,036 1,106,919,500 20,978,318 -173,573,482 Concrete + Rammed Earth Walls 4,492,800 843,946,445 27,803,827 -76,295,578 Concrete + Rammed Earth Walls and Floor Slab 4,953,600 487,830,528 22,636,038 -49,291,776 Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant 3 Variant 4 Production (kg co2) Waste Management (kg co2) Recycling (kg co2) Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Above Ground BelowOutsideground OutsideInside Construction Details - Overview Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Screed or natural sealant (approx.30mm) Drainage gravel 200 mm (for ground humidity) Compacted ground Vapor Gravelbarrierbuffer 200 mm (interior flooding) Insulation (approx. 160 mm) Earth compacted (1st section 3 x 50mm compacted to 33 mm) Earth compacted (2nd section 1 x 50mm compacted to 25 mm) Floor tile (ceramic, wood, natural stone...)Expansion join Rammed-Earth wall (approx. 600 mm) Insulation (approx. 160 mm) Dimpled sheet / drainage + protection layer (approx. 8mm) Waterproofing membrane / Sealant Gravel drainage Reinforced concrete foundation Protective Screed (30 mm) Waterproofing membrane (1.0 mm) Thermal insulation (50 mm) Screed bedding (30 mm) Concrete tile (30 mm) Root barrier (0.50 mm) Drainage layer (25 mm) Geotextile filter (0.50 mm) water storage panel (50 mm) Soil layer (min. 50 mm) Reinforced concrete slab Reinforced concrete beam Filler (sand, soil, gravel) CMU WaterproofConcreteperimeterslabDripnozzlemembrane Construction Details Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Dimpled sheet drainage membrane: Filters sediments in the water a repels liquids away from the wall.

Gravel as filler: Gravel acts as a protection for the pipe, while transmitting the weight of the gabion mesh downwards.

Construction Details - Perimeter Wall + Drainage (Option 1)

Section: planning and design of new buildings

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021

Professor: Martin Wollensak

French Drainage System: Perforated pipe with holes facing downards + gravel below retain and filter water. The system can be connected to the desired water disposal system. In this example a flow well.

Options: EPS, foam-glass....

Gabion mesh retention wall: Filled with stones or construction waste, optimal for retention walls and draining water. Acts as a buffer zone between the humid soil and the wall perimeter. Designed for easy lifting in case there is a need for maintenance.

Green Roof: For the plantation of a variety of plants. Provides the space for a landscaping plan. Waterproofing layer: Layer painted with impermeable paint. Hydrophobic materials can also be added.

Reinforced Concrete Foundation: Perforated pipe with holes facing downards + gravel below retain and filter water.

Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Insulation Layer: Selection after a deeper study.

Rammed Earth Wall: The building site (location) provides the material for the construction (From the excavation). Rammed Earth Floor: A combined system of layers (Gravel, insulation and soil).

French Drainage System: Perforated pipe with holes facing downards + gravel below retain and filter water. The system can be con nected to the desired water disposal system. In this example a flow well.

Gabion mesh retention wall: Filled with stones or construction waste, optimal for retention walls and draining water.

Reinforced Concrete Foundation: Perforated pipe with holes facing downards + gravel below retain and filter water.

Rammed Earth Floor: A combined system of layers (Gravel, insulation and soil).

Pre-fab pavement system: Coated steel frame structure + Insu lated cement panels. The panels can be opened for quick maintenance and repairs. The insulation reduces the loss of stored heat underground.

Rammed Earth Wall: The building site (location) provides the material for the construction (From the excavation).

Construction Details - Perimeter Wall + Drainage (Option 2)

Professor: Martin Wollensak

Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Buffer Zone: Open space for maintenace and repairs. Also a buffer between the humid soil and the dry prerimeter wall..

Green Roof: For the plantation of a variety of plants. Provides the space for a landscaping plan. Waterproofing layer: Layer painted with impermeable paint. Hydrophobic materials can also be added.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings

SoilClay FilterbasefabricPeagravelGranularbackfillExtrudedpolysterene insulation Perforated drain-wrap in gutter mat Polyethlene sheet over bentonite waterproofing Polyethylene sheet-extend past edge of roof to form gutter BACKWALL DRAINAGE AT EARTH-COVERED ROOF Construction Details - Backwall drainage at earth covered roof Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

DRAIN AT PAVED ROOF-ON PEDESTALS Structural concrete deck(slope to drain) Centerene of drain Extruded polysterene insulation(2 layers staggered) Membrane waterproofing(adhered to concrete) Protection board overbpolyethlene sheet Adjustable pedestal Stone or pavers with open joints DRAIN AT PAVED ROOF-ON PEDESTALS Structural concrete deck(slope to drain) Centerene of drain Extruded polysterene insulation(2 layers staggered) Membrane waterproofing(adhered to concrete) Protection board overbpolyethlene sheet Adjustable pedestal Stone or pavers with open joints Construction Details - Backwall drainage on paved roof on pedestal Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Drawn-down water table(shown dashed) Perforated drain(wrap in filter mat) Gravel drainage layer Plastic pipes cast in footing Vapour barrier(protected by sand cushion) Extruded polysterene insulation WaterproofingPolysterenesheetDrainagematwith filter fabric VapourBackfillbarrier and finish material FOUNDATION NEAR WATER TABLE Construction Details - Foundation near the water table Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Coping with plastic flashing under Membrane waterprofing carried over blocking unadhered Stainless steel flashing Membrane waterproofing adhered to concrete Polyethelene sheet over bentonte waterproofing Membrane waterproofing (adhered to concrete) Extruded polyesterene insulation SteelMineraldowelsfibre insulation Gypsum board and vapour barrier Closed-cell polysterene insulation PARAPET AT EARTH-COVERED ROOF WITH THERMAL BREAK Construction Details - Parapet with thermal break Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Window and window steel Sealant over foam rod backer Wood Cast-on-siteMembraneblockingwaterproofingconcreteset in grout Mineral fibre insulation Protection board Vapour barrier and finish material WINDOW SILL AT BERM (pin-anchor at top) Construction Details - Window sill at berm Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Summary of challenges and proposed solutions - Main Building

e) What is the optimal shape? Rectangular? In the particular case of this building, form follows form and function follows function, meaning that a rectangular shape as the main layout of the plan works best, mainly because it follows the modular shapes of construction materials, systems and machinery, it also follows an easier shape for the excavation.

d) Compact? A compact building in general is a more sustainable way of building, requires less resources and less maintenence, nevertheless enough space should be planned to respect the hygiene standards and the proper movement of air volume.

Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor:

Comfort:

c) Reliability: Rammed earth a is robust material that withstands a lot of stresses, it is not flammable and produces no toxic smokes when exposed to heat or fire. The material is sensitive to direct moving water which may erode the surface, but because it is underground and has an air buffer zone, the perimeter wall has no contact with direct rain nor is it exposed to harsh winds and fluctuating temperatures.

a) How to integrate with the surroundings and the location? The building is proposed below grade, which allows to blend the construction into the building site

Mail:

b) How to lower the impact on the existing landscape? Building below grade has a smaller impact on the location as it doesn’t act as a physical barrier between spaces.

a)Material:Whatmaterial to use? The usage of a natural material that has the lowest impact on the environment during its life cycle was the optimal choice. When compared to wood, steel and concrete; structures of rammed earth have a significant lower impact on the environment.

c) How to make it accessible? A below grade construction allows the top to be used as a ground level park/ garden that is open and more accessible to more people.

Volume/ Shape:

d) How is natural light underground provided? Through big window panes, and the inner atriums, the building will be illumnated both by direct and indirect light. An extra system called “Solatube” can also be installed for a higher demmand of light. Martin Wollensak Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

b) Natural solution: Rammed earth offers a solution that is both natural and doesn’t require the need of synthetic materials, or artificially made compunds to hold it together or protect it. Rammed earth requires a stabiliser and a render, these can both be natural and require almost no treatment. These are cal and hydraulic lime. A natural and breathable material improves the indoor air quality as it doesn’t decay in an unhealthy manner nor has radioactive or poisonous proprties.

c) How to maintain the proper indoor air-quality? Using windows and the interior atriums/gardens air movement can be achieved by thermal pull. As hot air goes out through the upper windows, cooler air is pulled from the outside through the atriums were aire has been cooled and filtered by plants. Humidity might pose a problem, nevertheless, the drainage system and a buffer zone might avoid this issue.

a) How to make it thermally efficient (Indoor climate): Building below grade eliminates the risks of strong fluctuating temperatures during different seasons and the differences between hours on a single day. Apart from the thick rammed earth walls, the surrounding soil also acts as a thermal mass that reduces heat loss. Heat will be provided with a built-in floor-heating-system.

b) How to manage water efficiently? Using the traditional water supply, plus harvesting rainwater and re-using treated water from the integrated decentralized wwtp built in the basement. Using smart water taps and new water saving technologies.

d) Aesthetics: Exposed rammed earth walls add warmth and unique characteristics to the interior environment.

Sources: Departmenthttps://ec.europa.eu/energy/home_enhttps://www.pluglesspower.com/https://www.energyweb.org/A9OkGK_fLq0fd4UvkLqrK1ofzaICZQQfVWiukvlNsSp4XjQ9f4E0aAp-FEALw_wcBhttps://woehr.de/de/produkt/woehr-bikesafe.html?gclid=Cj0KCQiA5vb-BRCRARIsAJBKc6Khttps://www.oekobaudat.de/https://www.aqseptence.com/app/en/keybrands/airvac/https://www.hamburgwatercycle.de/en/hamburg-water-cycler/https://www.southernwater.co.uk/help-advice/sewershttps://www.stadtwerke-kiel.de/privatkunden/angebote-tarife/wasser/qualitaethttps://www.stadtwerke-kiel.de/privatkunden/angebote-tarife/stromhttps://www.klik.uni-kiel.de/en/wastehttps://www.nabu.de/umwelt-und-ressourcen/energie/index.html?ref=navhttps://www.klik.uni-kiel.de/de/energieberatung/pdfs/partizipationskonzepthttps://www.uni-kiel.de/de/universitaet/mobilitaet-umwelt-oftheNavy,NavalFacilitiesEngineeringCommand.Alexandria,Virginia.CAU University Energy Management, CAUNABU,UniversityEnergy Uni CAU + NABU , Waste City of Kiel, Electricity City of Kiel, Water Sewage Systems Hamburg Water Cycle Waste Management, Vacumm Construction Materials Parking Systems Energy Blcokchain, Economy Wireless vehicle charging European Comission Architecture Earth-Sheltered Buildings, Design Manuel 1.4 Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

Thank you for listening! Planning and Design - New Buildings Planning and Design | 09.01.2021 Section: planning and design of new buildings Professor: Martin Wollensak Mail: Mail:jakobbrockmans@gmail.comanefudaniel@gmail.comDanielAnefuJakobBrockmans

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