POLITICAL URBANISM an urban catalogue of “Good Living” Janina Sánchez Cárdenas AIA Martin Roche Scholar 2015
Map of travel, projects visited and studied
CONTENTS Introduction Timeline: A brief look at history Typologies of “Good Living” Alfaro City Civic Center Archaeological Complex Cerro de Hojas Jaboncillo UNASUR Headquarters Yachay: The City of Knowledge IKIAM: University of the Amazon UArtes: University of the Arts UNAE: University of Education Communities of the Millennium High Performance Centers Manta-Manaus Scale Comparison Distance and Transportation Comparison Diagrams Timeline : Projects of “Good Living” “Good Living” and Political Urbanism
INTRODUCTION The rise and fall of political leaders, the development of society, economic demands and crises have shaped cities and architecture throughout history. This study aims to dissect the factors that frame, create and drive the appearance of new urban conditions in a time where Ecuadorian history is in the making. The Republic of Ecuador after years of unstable, temporary governments, most of which were overthrown by the people, is now experiencing one of the longest and deepest political movements in the past 30 years. This Revolución Ciudadana (Citizen Revolution) as the local authorities call the movement, has deeply reshaped the urban landscape of the country. This movement is seeing its trajectory shaped by an overarching master plan “ El Plan del Buen Vivir”. The plan stands as the root and guiding principle to massive governmental investments in various development and social projects stretching across the country. The signs of this strong movement are seen throughout various corners of the country. The projects range from the micro buildings with a singular purpose, to the development of mega cities in remote areas. These urban interventions witnessed by the country vary in type and scale, but all carry a concrete agenda of the state’s development plan. The remote location of this project and other constructions in settings such as the Amazonian jungle demonstrate investment in areas traditionally overlooked by past leaders. These Urban Interventions carry an agenda of a participatory and decentralized democratic republic, which is clearly depicted by the large range of locations, scales, and types of projects. Ecuador presents a unique setting that is in the core of a massive urban, infrastructural, social and political development. The study aims to catalogue how from the beginning of this comprehensive political movement, the country has been reshaping its urban landscape. Ecuador is in the midst of an urban experiment in which the government is using architecture and urbanism as a key vehicle to declare a new democratic republic of “Good Living”. The journey focused on visiting a range of these strategic projects that vary in type and stages of development. Visiting a total of 10 projects and traveling 1,500 miles within the country, an inventory of these urban conditions has been crafted. The lessons of these ambitious interventions are collected in this “Catalogue of Good Living”. The aim is to analyze this unique model through different lenses. This approach will allow the discovery of how all these interventions condense into a unique type of urbanism that is shaping the history of Ecuador and the future of its urban landscape.
UNASUR
Alfaro City
Archaeology Complex
Yachay
UArtes
UNAE
Communities of the Millennium
High Performance Centers
IKIAM
Manta-Manaus
Map of Projects visited and studied
TIMELINE
Elected
Sixto Durán Ballén
Rodrigo Borja Cevallos
Leon Febres Cordero
Elected
Elected Abdala Bucaram Elected
Elected
Osvaldo Hurtado
Jaime Roldos Aguilera
After almost a decade of military dictatorship in the early 1970’s, the Republic of Ecuador returned to democracy in 1979 when President Jaime Roldós was elected. In the mid 1990’s an extended period of political instability began, combined with ever rising inflation and low crude oil prices it was rare that an elected president finished their term before he was overthrown by the people. In 2007, in the mist of public dissatisfaction with the country’s political system, a political movement called “Revolución Ciudadana” (Citizen’s Revolution) led by economist Rafael Correa Delgado arose. The election of Rafael Correa led to a series of changes in the republic, starting with a new constitution that laid the foundation of the “Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir” (The National Plan for Good Living).
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 19
Rafael Correa Delgado Elected
Alfredo Palacios
Elected
Lucio Gutierrez
Gustavo Noboa
Fabian Alarcon Rosalia Arteaga Fabian Alarcon Jamil Mahuad
Dollarization
Elected
Population Growth
Crude Oil Price
Inflation
97 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
TYPOLOGIES OF “GOOD LIVING” Starting with the Constitutional Assembly in 2006, in which a new constitution was written and approved by the Ecuadorian people, the plan of “Good Living” has been the foundation behind the government’s projects. This concept was originally taken from “Sumak Kawsay” a kichwa (indigenous language spoken by some Ecuadorian communities) term for an ancestral approach of life that seeks a balance of the satisfaction of the community’s needs within those of nature. The agenda of “El Buen Vivir” (Good Living) has left its mark throughout the Republic of Ecuador. The urban landscape of cities, towns, and even the most remote communities has felt the imprint of “Good Living”. Symbols of the movement have been embodied in these urban typologies, which reiterate the goals of “good living” and its six axes. Infrastructural urban devices like schools, medical centers, police stations and information centers are now recognizable icons that appear throughout the country in the same form and color. They stand proudly as symbols of progress and modernism that are now accessible to all. As one of the slogans of the Government says “ La Patria ya es de todos! ” (The Homeland now belongs to everyone!)
“El Buen Vivir se planifica, no se improvisa. El Buen Vivir es la forma de vida que permite la felicidad y la permanencia de la diversidad cultural y ambiental; es armonía, igualdad, equidad y solidaridad. No es buscar la opulencia ni el crecimiento económico infinito.” “Good Living is planned, not improvised. Good Living is the way of life that allows happiness and the permanence of cultural and environmental diversity; it is harmony, equality, equity and solidarity. Not the search opulence and endless economic growth.” Plan Nacional del Buen Vivir 2007
La Revolucion del Conocimiento Knowledge Revolution
La excelencia Excellence
Educational Units of the Millenium
NATIONAL PLAN FOR GOOD LIVING
La Revoluci贸n Agraria Agrarian Revolution
Information Centers
El territorio y la Revoluci贸n Urbana Territory and Urban Revolution
Community Policing Unit
La Revolucion Cultural Cultural Revolution
2007-2017
PLAN NACIONAL PARA EL BUEN VIVIR
La equidad Equity
Medical Centers
Urban Typologies of Good Living
UPC
Healthcare Centers
Public Health historically has been a very centralized service in the Republic of Ecuador. Medical Centers in rural areas usually lacked infrastructure, medical supplies and personnel. Inhabitants of rural communities had to travel far to get medical attention, and many didn’t make it that far, dying from treatable conditions. The government of the “Citizen’s Revolution” has been the first in 30 years of democracy to have dedicated such a large sum towards investment in health infrastructure across the country. Rehabilitating existing medical centers and providing brand new medical centers and hospitals for zones that were lacking of them. The entire country can witness the development in health infrastructure. The Medical Centers range between Types A, B and C. Type A being the smallest and C bein g the most complete. They are all replicated, almost identically, from location to location. Hence making the form a symbol recognizably associated with the work of the government.
Healthcare Center Type A
Community Policing Units : UPC
Safety is at the pinnacle of the progress of society. The Community Policing Units have been replicated throughout the entire country in the same shape, form and color. The facilities provide housing for policemen and outreach for the surrounding communities. They have become recognizable icons of state investment in the community’s development and safety. Their mobile versions serve the communities which have not yet received the main building. “Good Living� requires an environment of safety and progress, which the UPC units exemplify.
Community Policing Unit Building
Mobile Community Policing Unit
Educational Units of the Millennium
Public Education in rural areas of the country has historically been very limited. The norm in the urban landscape of the country were schools with one classroom for all grades and a single teacher. The state’s investment in Education Units of the Millennium has brought educational infrastructure to communities that had never seen the actions of the state in their land. These facilities are true exemplifications of modernity and mature statehood. They stand out in areas of improvised cane houses. They all include state of the art classrooms, computer labs and sports facilities. They can easily be recognized in their shape, color and large billboard at the entrance reiterating that the Citizen’s Revolution was responsible for this prominent work.
Locations of Educational Units of the Millennium
Educational Unit of the Millennium
InfoCenters
In times of global information, access to the worldwide web is an indispensable tool for education and knowledge. In order to provide this service to the most remote locations of the country. The government has built community info centers equipped of satellite internet, which provide free internet service and use of computers to its people. The very basic InfoCentro envelope with its prominent sign at the door has been reproduced throughout 833 Locations nationwide. According to data found in the Ministry of Telecommunications and Information Society overall they have received 6,005,441 visitors, which is almost half the population of the country.
Locations of InfoCenters
InfoCentro
ALFARO CITY CIVIC CENTER The foundation of the “Revolución “Revolución Ciudadana” Ciudadana” was a profound change in the management of the country, starting with a new constitution. The birth place of Eloy Alfaro Delgado (Ex-President of Ecuador and symbol of freedom for Ecuadorians), was chosen as the birth place of the new constitution. The Alfaro City Civic Center was built in 2007. Between 2008-2009 it housed the Constitutional Assembly in charge of writing the new constitution. In September 2008 the Constitution was presented to the people at a national referendum. The constitution was approved with 64% of the vote. The Alfaro City Civic Center became a cultural institution after the Constitutional Assembly moved to the capital city Quito. Today it is a hub for history, culture and handcrafts for the tourist who visit it daily. It has become a place filled with symbolism of freedom and progress rooted in the history of Eloy Alfaro. Given its location on top of a hill 240 meters above sea level, Alfaro City had a stark geographic boundary with the city of Montecristi which is located at the feet of the hill. This boundary was bridged by the appearance of public space between the two. As a result of the impact of Alfaro City, a system of parks in the form of balconies on the slopes of the mountain created a bridge between city and monument. Montecristi-Manabi
Archive: Parque de Lugo Construction
Ciudad Alfaro
Montecristi Hill Geographic Separation
Montecristi
Ciudad Alfaro
Balcones de Lugo Urban Bridge
Montecristi Urban Condition Diagram
Parque de Lugo overlooking Montecristi
Parque de Lugo sports fields
Parque de Lugo playground
Alfaro City
Parque de Lugo and ramp system leading to Alfaro City
Parque de Lugo leading to Alfaro City
0
25
75m
Plan of Alfaro City and Parque Lugo bridging into Montecristi
Balcony 1: Helipad and Plaza of the Elements
Balcony 2: Botanical Garden Balcony 3: Sports Fields Balcony 4: Playgrounds and Picnic Areas
Balcony 5: Gardens and Historic Monuments
Balcony 6: Parking and Restrooms
Stairway Access from Montecristi to Parque Lugo
Alfaro City
Parque Lugo
Montecristi
Satellite Image of Area
Typologies of “Good Living” in Alfaro City and Montecristi
ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX CERRO DE HOJAS JABONCILLO As a satellite project of City Alfaro, The Cerro de Hojas Jaboncillo Archaeological complex is located in a much neglected town on the outskirts of the Manabi’s capital. Picoazá is known to the locals as ““tierra tierra de nadie nadie”” (no man’s land).It is an improvised urban settlement that is known for its dirt roads and simple cane construction, but which is also home to a rich archeological site. In the early 1900’s the forgotten civilization of el cerro of the cultura Manteña acquired international interest from the American archeologist, Marshall Seville. The pieces found were taken to museums abroad to be studied and exhibited. In 2009, around 100 years after the American Archeological team visited Cerro de Hojas and Cerro de Jaboncillo, 8,600 acres of land in Jaboncillo were declared a Natural and Archeological Reserve by the Ecuadorian Government. Shortly after, the facilities of the museum and research center were built, along with a cobbled road that leads to the Archeological Complex. This distinct urban intervention stands out in a landscape of scarcity. Nonetheless the complex has partnered with the community around to promote its use. The library is a popular post-school location for the local children. The community center holds workshops and community events. The complex aims to create a tourist attraction that revives the history filled site and that can boost a handcraft industry in the area for the locals. The rehabilitation of the road has also led to the appearance of more housing in the vicinity. Picoazá-Manabi
Archeological Complex Cerro de Hojas Jaboncillo
Rehabilitated Cobbled Road
Archaeologist’s House Rinsing Area Laboratories and Offices
POLICARBONATO POLICARBON
SUBE
Admin SUBE
Library and Classrooms
Main Exhibition Hall SS.HH MUJERES
SS.HH HOMBRES
0
5
0 0.7 0 2.0
15m
0
5
15m
House Typologies in Picoazรก
UNASUR HEADQUARTERS The UNASUR (Union (Union de Naciones Suramericanas) Suramericanas) Headquarters is the first of a series of urban regeneration strategies for San Antonio de Pichincha. This region houses the City of Middle of the World, one of the most visited tourist attractions of the city of Quito. According to estimates made by the French Geodesic Mission in 1736, this site was for a long time believed to be the location of the Equator line. In 1972 the Ecuadorian government built the City of the Middle of the World to honor the French expedition. The UNASUR headquarters, designed by Ecuadorian architect Diego Guayasamin, opened its doors in 2014. This iconic building brought the UNASUR to the capital city of Ecuador, reiterating the government’s commitment to the unification of the region. The new construction is a part of the revitalization of the City of the Middle of the World. The intention of the project was to serve as a “catalyst” to transform this area into a cultural and tourist hub. The government’s plan for the UNASUR headquarters includes the implementation of an urban revitalization of the adjacent community of San Antonio. This consists of a Community of the Millennium and an Educational Unit of the Millennium for the surrounding neighborhoods, which had not been built at the time of research. Nonetheless signs indicating the advance of the project were visible. Today the UNASUR Headquarters has become a symbol of modernity and development. It frames the monument of the Middle of the World turning it into a highlight tourist attraction in the capital city of Quito.
Quito-Pichincha
UNASUR Headquarters
City Middle of the World
UNASUR Headquarters
Diego Guayasamin Arquitectos
0
5
20
50m
Diego Guayasamin Arquitectos
Diego Guayasamin Arquitectos
MONUMENTS + SYMBOLS
Alfaro City, Jaboncillo Archaeological Complex and UNASUR headquarters are projects that became symbols and monuments in the urban landscape of Ecuador. They have a very distinct character in contrast to their surroundings and their designs are packed with symbolism. Symbols of development, modernity and freedom. They are icons of the agenda of “Good Living”. These projects make use the architectural device of form to become prominent urban objects. The materials used in these constructions as well as their iconic shapes carry a strong symbolism of modernity. Moreover their location and program make them urban enclaves, unique to their settings. They stand for progress and advancement. They symbolize the path to a better society. They have become monuments of “Good Living”
SCALE COMPARISON Monuments and Symbols
Archeological Complex Cerro de Hojas-Jaboncillo
UNASUR Headquarter
S
M
Alfaro City
rs
L
0
50
150m
YACHAY: CITY OF KNOWLEDGE The project Yachay: City of Knowledge is an ambitious attempt at creating an urban hub dedicated to technology and knowledge. To promote economic growth in the country, and to transform the economic matrix from oil and agriculture to technology, industry and knowledge, the city of Yachay was conceived as a new model city for the country. The Location of the “Hacienda “Hacienda San Antonio Antonio”” just north of Ibarra was chosen after a selective and strategic process of analyzing the conditions needed for the location of the city. Moreover the province chosen had not yet received a development project from the state. The 4, 489 ha. Land would house an Economic Free Trade Zone and the university Yachay Tech, which would prioritize the research and development of technology and industry. In November of 2015 Yachay Tech University welcomed its second cohort of students. The existing Hacienda facilities have been repurposed for office and classroom space. New buildings are under construction. Some of them are part of the University Campus and others are part of the city. When driving into the valley the white sign YACHAY stands proudly overlooking the city from top of a nearby hill.
Urcuqui-Imbabura
Yachay Tech Campus Boundary
Typologies of the “Good Living” in Yachay
Education Unit of the Millennium
Yachay: Zoning
Project Area T1-Protected Zone T2-Production Zone T3-Incorporation Zone T3A-Incorporation Zone T4A-Urban Zone of Medium Density T4-Urban Zone of Medium Density T5-Urban Center T6-Bussiness Urban Nucleous TE-Special Transect
Yachay Tech Campus
Education Unit of the Millennium
Yachay Tech Campus
City’s Sports Fields
IKIAM: UNIVERSITY OF THE AMAZON Ikiam, the University of the Amazon, was conceived with the idea of Bio-Technology set in the heart of the Amazon. This project was conceived to utilize ancestral knowledge about the jungle and new research in a “living laboratory� to develop new technology. This project is set on the boundary of the Biological Reserve Colonso Chalupas, north of the city of Tena, capital of the province Napo. This location is designed to engulf the university in the environment it is studying. The design of the IKIAM campus was the result of an architectural competition opened to local architects. The winning design was submitted by del Hierro UA - A0 Estudio - L+A Arquitectos. The overarching plan of the design respects the jungle and aims to become part of the ecosystem it is inhabiting. The concept of the plan has the ambition of reinterpreting ancestral cultures in a modern idiom. So far only the Leveling Module has been built, which shares the same plan as the UNAE construction. This year the laboratories, teacher offices and classroom space will begin construction. To access the location of IKIAM a dirt road was revitalized into a brand new paved road. This connecting channel between Ikiam and Tena has sparked urban sprawls in and around different communities between Ikiam and Tena.
Tena-Napo
Universidad Regional Amaz贸nica Ikiam del Hierro UA - A0 Estudio - L+A Arquitectos
IKIAM Campus
Teacher Housing Sports Facilities Student Housing Research Labs Teaching Auditorium
Library
Leveling Module
N
Universidad Regional Amaz贸nica Ikiam del Hierro UA - A0 Estudio - L+A Arquitectos
Urban Densities in the IKIAM Vicinity
Alto Tena
San Francisco de Guayaquil IKIAM
Atacapi
Barrio Melchor
Main Access Road
Tasayucu
Wayrayacu
Muyuna El Calvario
San Vicente
Tiwinza
San Antonio Chambira San Pedro de Tena Tena
N
Universidad Regional Amaz贸nica Ikiam del Hierro UA - A0 Estudio - L+A Arquitectos
IKIAM
Main Access Road
Surrounding Communities
Tena- Napo
UARTES: UNIVERSITY OF THE ARTS In the heart of the country’s biggest city, Guayaquil, capital of the province Guayas, UArtes aims to inject a cultural corridor into Ecuador’s commercial capital. The project occupies existing patrimonial buildings in the downtown area of Guayaquil and an iconic park in the south of the city to become the first University in the country dedicated only to the arts. The University will be divided into the South and the Downtown Campus. The downtown campus encompasses seven buildings that housed different government institutions that will be repurposed into the different sections of the university downtown. The South campus will take the “Parque “Parque Forestal Forestal”, ”, which today houses a civic center and green areas, and inject it with new buildings working with the existing ones to develop the Musical Arts department. Today only one of the buildings in the downtown campus is functioning as the University of the Arts while the others are being remodeled to join the facilities. This project, in contrast to the others, was conceived in the location of a dense urban setting. It is injecting itself into an already made system of urban conditions. It aims to create new conditions and to use the bones of those before it to revitalize the core of the city. Guayaquil-Guayas
South Campus Plaza
Urban Location of UArtes
South Campus
Downtown Campus
0 200
400m
6 13 17 27
5 9 28 29 30 31
47 32
45 42 40 33
48
49 46
1
50 43 34
41
44 39 38 35
37 36
BAÑOS METLICA CORTINA
2 18 SOPORTAL
SOPORTAL
S
ASCENSOR
(REJA METALICA ACORDEON) EN
N + 0.76
7 14 N + 0.76
26 N + 0.34 N + 0.48 N + 0.62
10 N + 0.76
0.90 2.10
25 BOMBA
3 19 18
CUARTO
24 1
2
3
4
RAMPA sube
BAÑOS DISCAPACITADOS
11 12 13 14 15 16 17
6 5 4 3 2 1
8 15 METALICA
10
23 PUERTA
5
S
9
22 8
7
21 PROY.
sube
6 7
N + 0.96
BAÑOS MUJERES
ASCENSOR
4 11 MONTACARGA
8 9 10
DUCTO
RAMPA sube
12
11
0.00
METLICA
N±
CORTINA
BAÑOS HOMBRES
N + 0.20
N + 0.62 N + 0.48 N + 0.34
1.002.00
S
PROY.
N + 0.00
N + 0.76
DUCTO
20 METLICA
PUERTA METALICA
MONTAGARGAS
16 S
DUCTO
CORTINA
RAMPA sube
SOPORTAL
INGRESO
12 N + 0.20 INGRESO SECUNDARIO
SALIDA
DOWNTOWN CAMPUS PLAN
7
N + 0.00
SOUTH CAMPUS PLAN
0
50
150m
UNAE: UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION The University of Education is strategically located in between two provincial capitals, Cuenca ad Azogues. The project aims to create a source of educators of various fields to fill the country’s teacher deficiency. Today only the leveling module is built. The entire campus will tentatively be completed in the next 2 years. It sits on 44 hectares of land. It is located next to the community of Chuquipata, a small town in the province of Cañar. The campus land is framed by the River Burgay. The urban density of its surroundings is mostly comprised of family homes which are being expropriated for the extension of the campus. The access road is an existing paved road off the main highway between Cuenca and Azogues.
Chuquipata-Cañar
Urban Density in the Vicinity of UNAE
0
50
150m
Chuquipata Center
Panamerica Road Cuenca-Javier Loyola-Azogues Ciudadela El Carmin
Burgay Riv
er
Area of First Stage of Construction
Overall Area of UNAE Campus
QUEB
RAD
A
.00
caseta
23
91
caseta
.00
bombade
0 39
agua
238
0
.0
89
23
.00
88
2387
.00
23
.00
86
23
0
5.0
238
.00
2384
.00
gues
23
82
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2383
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antena
torre
cisterna
guardia
Pana m
erica
Roa d
Cuen
ca-J
r
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R ay
23
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yola
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2381.00
90
0
0.0
2381 .00
2
Existing UNAE Campus
Azogues Province Capital of Ca単ar
UNAE Campus
Cuenca Province Capital of Azuay
4 MEGA UNIVERSITIES
Yachay Tech, Ikiam, UArtes, and UNAE are four large scale higher education projects strategically implemented in different areas of the country. They all intend to develop their field in different locations in the country. The projects not only aim to push the higher education agenda of “Good Living� but are also creating new types of urbanism with their implementation in each particular setting. Projects like these come accompanied by development and new urban conditions in their settings. They act as catalysts within their surroundings. Despite only functioning for a few years, the projects are already demonstrating their effects. Students from all across the country are flooding their classrooms and teachers and researchers from around the globe are joining their staff. When seen as a whole with respect to each other, the poles of the country where these projects are being developed are imperative to a strategic development. They carry the agenda of decentralization of the country.
Imbabura: Yachay Tech
Napo: Ikiam
Guayas: UArtes Ca単ar: UNAE
SCALE COMPARISON Mega-Universities
UNAE
UArtes
S
M
IKIAM
Yachay
L
XL
0 50
150
350m
COMMUNITIES OF THE MILLENNIUM As a result of the extractive activities in the Amazon and the Coast, the Millennium Communities (Comunidades (Comunidades del Milenio Milenio)) project was envisioned as a device to invest the money from these activities into the communities where they are taking place. In the Amazon, Pañacocha and Playas de Cuyabeno were the first communities to be built with funds from oil extraction in the region. These communities are intended to be a testament of progress, and an image of modernity. The cities emerge in the middle of thick primary jungle. They can only be accessed on small boats by river. The new Pañacocha, (whose construction starkly ignores the existence of the old Pañacocha), has all the facilities of “Good Living”. It has wide roads and yet there are no cars. It has a Market, with no one selling or buying any products. The city is mostly inhabited by young mothers and their children that attend the Educational Unit of the Millennium, the other members of the community live in their farms where they work in the fields. In the coast of the country, Tablada de Sánchez was built as a relocation project for communities affected by flooding. Multipropósito Chone is a dam project which prevents flooding and provides irrigation. This project emerged in response to the problems of the region’s propensity to flooding and drought. Displaced families were relocated into new houses in the new Community of the Millennium, which was built on top of a hill, away from flooding prone areas. So far, four Communities of the Millennium have been built. The initial project of the government envisions the construction of 200. Playas de Cuyabeno-Sucumbios Tablada de Sánchez-Manabi
Bajo Alto-El Oro
Pañacocha-Sucumbios
Amazon: Pa単acocha
N
0
50
100m
Pa単acocha Plan
Housing Blocks with Recreational Public Areas
InfoCenter
Coliseum
Medical Center
Old Pa単acocha
Port Old Pa単acocha
Old Pa単acocha
Housing Blocks with Recreational Public Areas
Unidad Educativa del Milenio
Plaza
Market Place Riverfront Promenade Community Center
Port New City
o ap
er
Riv
N
N 0
50
100m
Typologies of “Good Living” in Pañacocha
Educational Unit of the Millennium
InfoCenter
Community Policing Unit
Healthcare Center
Coast: Tablada De Sanchez
Tablada de Sรกnchez Plan
Educational Unit of the Millenium
Housing Blocks
Housing Blocks
Market Public Plaza InfoCenter Chapel Multi Purpose Sportsfield Playground
Housing Blocks
Housing Blocks 0
Water Treatment Plant
50
150m
Typologies of the “Good Living” in Tablada de Sanchez
InfoCenter
Educational Unit of the Millennium
HIGH PERFORMANCE CENTERS Athletes in Ecuador have typically had to migrate to the major cities in the country to find training facilities. The project of “High Performance Centers� has brought state of the art facilities to areas in the country that have historically provided the country with its best athletes. These Centers are luxury training facilities for elite athletes training for different international competitions. They have also been thought of as tourist attractions. Nonetheless the facilities are available to the communities under specific conditions. The access road to the Rio Verde High Performance Center is a new paved road that leads to the top of the hill where this center has been built. Carpuela also has its own access road that branches off the main highway. These Centers have become enclaves in their urban setting, operating as mini cities dedicated to athletes surrounded by walls. Rio Verde-Esmeraldas Carpuela- Ibarra
Duran-Guayas
High Performance Center Rio Verde - Esmeraldas
N
Typologies of the “Good Living” in High Performance Center Rio Verde-Esmeraldas
Healthcare Center
Mobile Community Policing Unit
High Performance Center Carpuela-Imbabura
N
0
25
50m
High Performance Center Carpuela-Imbabura
Urban Density in the Vicinity of High Performance Center in Carpuela-Imbabura
Ambuqui
Hacienda Carpuela
High Performance Center Carpuela- Imbabura
El Juncal
URBAN INFRASTRUCTURES
These projects have developed urban enclaves in very remote areas. Some more remote than others. Nonetheless the infrastructure of these projects have sparked the creation very different and unique urban conditions. In the case of the Communities of the Millennium, there was an attempt to create new cities. These cities tend to impose an idea of modernity onto a very different social setting. These implementations have become isolated urban constructions. The High Performance Centers now allow athletes to train in high end sports complex away from the urban metropolises of the country. Nonetheless these athletes come from different locations. The communities where these centers are located have limited access to the facilities. Both types of project in their own way have given rise to a new type of urban intervention in the landscape of the Republic of Ecuador. Plans to build more of these types of projects are underway and some are already under construction.
SCALE COMPARISON Urban Infrastructures
Millennium City Tablada de Sanchez
High Performance Center Carpuela
S
M
Millennium City Pa単acocha
High Performance Center Rio Verde
L
XL 0
50
150m
MANTA-MANAUS The Manta-Manaus Project is an intermodal transportation corridor running throughout the country in an attempt to connect the Pacific and the Atlantic and the urban centers throughout the continent from Manta’s Port to Manaus in Brazil. This ambitious project involves the construction and rehabilitations of ports, roads and airports throughout the country. The most challenging stretch of the corridor is the River Napo, which is known by the locals to be treacherous. It has proven hard to navigate large vessels in its shallow waters filled with almost undetectable sand banks. The points of the corridor visited were the port of Manta, the port of Coca and the port of Providencia. Manta and Coca are both in main cities of the country while the port of Providencia is a lone modern port in the Amazon, surrounded by intense oil activities. The roads connecting Manta to ports in the Amazon have been rehabilitated and widened. The airport of Manta as well as other locations in the country have been renovated to become part of the corridor. Nonetheless to date there isn’t a single container that has made the full trip from Manta to Manaus.
COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA
GUYANA
SURINAME
Providencia-Sucumbios Manta-Manabi
Coca-Orellana
Nuevo Rocafuerte-Orellana Manaos-Brasil BRAZIL PERU
Nuevo Rocafuerte
Providencia-Sucumbios
Coca-Orellana
Manta-Manabi
PANAMA
VENEZUE
PACIFIC OCEAN COLOMBIA
PERU
Napo River
ELA
GUYANA
SURINAME
FRENCH GUIANA
ATLANTIC OCEAN
Macapรก-Brasil
Manaos-Brasil
BRASIL
S
M Millennium City Pa単acocha
High Performance Center Carpuela
Millennium City Tablada de Sanchez
Alfaro City
UNAE
UNASUR Headquarters
Archeological Complex Cerro de Hojas-Jaboncillo
SCALE COMPARISON
Overall
L
XL
0 100
300m
Yachay
IKIAM
UArtes
High Performance Center Rio Verde
Guayaquil-Guayas : 0 km
Portoviejo-Manabi : 6.9 km
Azogues-Cañar : 8.6 km
Tena-Napo : 8 km
Manta-Manabi : 13.3 km
Ibarra-Imbabura : 43.2 km
Chone-Manabi : 24 km
Quito-Pichincha : 29.9 km
Esmeraldas-Esmeraldas : 36.8 km
Ibarra-Imbabura : 17.5 km
Coca-Orellana : 112 km
ela
UA
Archeo log
UNAE
High Per form ance Cent er R io V UNASUR He erd adqu e ar te rs Tablada de Sánc hez High Per fo rman ce C ent er Civic Cen Ca ter A rpu lfar oC i t y IKIAM
Yachay
Pañacocha
DISTANCE TO MAIN URBAN HUB
m l Co ica
A
mplex
ES RT
km
m
y: 3 93 km High Per for manc e Ce nter Rio Archaeolog Ver ical C de omp :3 lex 45 C Tablada d e r k r e Sán od che e Ho z: 30 ja 9k Pañacoc ha : m 284 km IKIAM : 190 km High Pe r for ma n UNAS UR
Civic Center Alfaro Cit
UAr tes : 405
UNAE : 429 k m
Yachay : 122 km
DISTANCE AND MODE OF TRAVEL FROM THE CAPITAL CITY
illo nc bo a J s-
7 km : 37
rpu er Ca ent C ce km 9.9 :2
uela : 15 6
m
km
Rafael Correa Delgado
TIMELINE Projects of “Good Living”
Population Growth Elected
Alfaro City
Crude Oil Price
2007
2008
Inflation
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
UNASUR Headquarters
Archaeological Complex Jaboncillo
UArtes UNAE Yachay IKIAM
Tablada de Sánchez
Pañacocha
High Performace Center Rio Verde
High Performace Center Carpuela
Urban + Infrastructure
Mega Universities
Symbols +Monuments
“GOOD LIVING” AND POLITICAL URBANISM
The urban landscape of the Republic of Ecuador now tells a story. It marks the making of history in this Andean country. The constant appearance of “Good Living” in its physical form creates a network of urban interventions that mark the agenda of the “Citizen’s Revolution”. This movement, more than any other in the country’s past 30 years of democracy, has drastically transformed the urban landscape and created urban figures and symbols. The 10 projects visited and studied in the travel period showed various development strategies of “Good Living” and its recurring physical typologies. They all are connected in the network of work that aims to decentralize the country and bring “Good Life” to its people. It focuses on the wellbeing of the population and their satisfaction. Some projects are already producing tangible impacts in the rise of the urban conditions as a result of their implementation. Others are still in their initial stages. The stability of the government and its extended period of work in the country has created a grid of nodes of urban development and access to “Good Living”. This is clear while on the roads and rural areas of Ecuador in which the smallest communities have been touched by the projects of the “Citizen’s Revolution” and the typologies of “Good Living”. Work is still being done in the Republic of Ecuador and only in time will the true potential of these projects be seen. The study has collected and catalogued these projects and reflected on how they stand as symbols of “Good Living”.
Sources and Aids Centro Civico Ciudad Alfaro Gema Palma- Directora de Comunicación Shirley Pinoargote R. -Asistente de Presidencia Fabián Santana Luna – Director de Investigaciones y Museos Complejo Arqueológico Cerro de Hojas Jaboncillo Gema Palma- Directora de Comunicación Shirley Pinoargote R. -Asistente de Presidencia Fabián Santana Luna – Director de Investigaciones y Museos UNASUR Headquarters Diego Guayasamin arq.- Diego Guayasamin Arquitectos Pablo Espinoza, arq. - Diego Guayasamin Arquitectos Yachay: The City of Knowledge Fernanda Duque- Asistente del Rector-Yachay Tech Rusvel Carrión-Director de Infraestructura y Mantenimiento- Yachay Tech Daniel Sebastián Castañeda Fraga-Planificación Territorial y Uso de Suelo- Yachay EP IKIAM: Amazonian University Gabriela Castañeda Guayasamin-Coordinadora de Servicios a la Comunidad Ramiro Cerón Rosero-Dirección de Gestión del Campus Dr. Carlos Avila- Rector Ikiam Arq Santiago del Hierro-del Hierro UA UArtes: University of the Arts Giovanny Garrido R.- Coordinador Administrador Planta Física- Universidad de las Artes Guayaquil Pablo Lee- Centro Cultural Libertador Simón Bolìvar UNAE: University of Education Mgs. Arq. Francisco Xavier Cabrera Encalada-Asesor de Infraestructura Rectorado Ing. Wilson I. Nivelo C.- Universidad Nacional de Educación Cities of the Millennium Dr. Japheth Wilson- IAEN Researcher focused on Amazonian Projects Amanda Yepez - FLACSO Researcher High Performance Centers Centros de Entrenamiento para el Alto Rendimiento EP Manta-Manaos Dr. Japheth Wilson- IAEN Researcher focused on Amazonian Projects Drawings and Editing Aid MArch. Azalia Sánchez MArch. Matthew Busscher
Janina Sรกnchez Cรกrdenas | AIA Martin Roche Scholar 2015