DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2017 M4 JOURNAL - PROJECT 3S Ho Lam (Jason) LEUNG (794491) Matthew Greenwood + Group 8D
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Table of Contents 00 Introduction 01 Ideation 02 Design 03 Fabrication 04 Modification 05 Reflection 06 Appendix 5
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00 Introduction
In the very first beginning of this subject, I chose Section and Profile as the material system I would work with this Second Skin Project. This is a simple but potential structural connection to facilitate different sizes of designs, from small models to huge buildings. In order to understand the characteristics of this system, the Moose Head model was assigned as the reference to be studied. It provides a good foundation for me to develop my design ideas and fabrication technique in further processes.
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01 Ideation
As the first stage of exploration, having an careful observation and detail measurement on the Moose Head model is a physical way to know deeper about the features of the section and profile system. Based on the results of measurement, its composition was represented through a set of measured drawings. Next is to construct its digital model in Rhino, which is for simulating the assemblage process, so that its logic of organization and allocation can be learnt through this. After having a series of brief exercise, the design process started by doing a reconfigured sketch model to get some simple concepts. These concepts were further elaborated into three proposed potential design ideas to address the theme of second skin. 9
305mm
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40mm
235mm
Object - Measured Drawing
Left Elevation
185mm
0 285mm
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20mm
Plan
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40mm
235mm
Left Section
The object I have chosen is a Moose Head, which is created with “Portfolio and Section� material system.
305mm
To draw and measure the object. I first scanned its different views with a scale ruler as reference, it can help me to understand its outline in 2-dimension plane. After adjusting the image into an appropriate scale, paint it and trace it on tracing paper. While tracing, some details were measured and cross-checked with the object, to ensure the shapes drawn are coincided to the object in 3-dimension. The general model size were measured by using a ruler and added to the drawings as key dimension.
285mm
0
20mm
Front Elevation
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Object - Digital Model
Left Elevation
Left Section
Plan Here are the rendered images of the Moose Head model. To start digital modeling, the shapes of wooden pieces have to be traced in software. As this Moose Head is a symmetrical object, part of them can be formed by making components on just one side and make mirrored copies for the other side. Then, the pieces are inserted to according number shown in the instruction manual. 12
Front Elevation
Front Section
The detailed images illustrate the grid structure of the model and how it presents its volume by having piecing in similar sharp but various sizes.
Details
Isometric View
Details
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Object - System Analysis
Components
Assemble
Interlock
Assemblage: By inserting the plates to the corresponding numbers indicated in the instruction manual, the moose head was assembled progressively by interlocking each other. There are two ways of assemblage the materials in “Profile and Section� system, as shown above. These two methods are also effective to interlock pieces perpendicularly by fitting convex into gaps. Thus, all the width of those gaps have to be cut with referring to the thickness of the material.
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Design: Although the plates are all in 2-dimension, this method of installation can still facilitate a 3-dimension outlook. Some plates in similar shape but in different sizes are arranged in even spacing, which creates the volume of model.
Structure: After assembly, a grid structure were formed obviously. It is a very efficient idea to achieve certain structural strength, but also reduce the material used and its weight. Its grid form can eliminate the effect of shearing and hold its status as well. The plates can be fixed in position without any glue but by the gaps. It can also un-plugged easily if anything done wrong.
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Making process: 1) Cut some uniform paper strips out and make gaps at its both ends and the mid-point. 2) Insert a strip end to another mid-point one by one and form simple square modules, as shown on the left.
Top View (Closed)
3) Link modules together in such logic in order to expend the network in both dimensions. 4) Connect the both sides of the network and wrap it on a circular object.
Volume - Sketch Model
Top View (Opened)
Based on the experience gained in the workshop, I realized that the connection way in ‘Profile and Section’ system restricts design variety in structure. To address the problem, I tried to reconfigure a new model with paper strips in uniform shape and size.
Module
This retractable design has not only a higher flexibility, but also a lighter weight than those made of cardboard and wood. Besides, it keeps the grid structure feature, which helps to strengthen its structure. When it is linked in 3D, it has a high potential to become a wrap and fit in most of the body landscape. Elevation View (Opened & Linked) 16
Module Network
Open
What is your idea? [Maximum 5 key words] Retractable/ Protective/ Semi-Transparent/ Grid/ Cloak
Close
Details
Prototype - Fruit Protector
Inspired and developed from the sketch model in the previous task, I expend the module network in a greater scale and design it as a retractable cloak. Its function is similar to a fruit protector, which protects an object by wrapping it. Because of its simple and light structure, this garment is beneficial for using it for a long time. How does this respond to your personal space?
Front
Side
Back
When we are immersed in the crowd, we do want a personal space and avoid strangers standing too closed to us. This second-skin garment is easy to wear and open, even in the crowd. People can do their personal thing, such as using their smartphone, within the garment. Its semi-transparent feature can not only protect our upper body, but it also keeps us knowing what’s happening outside.
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Sketch Design Proposal #1
Inspiration & Implementation
What is your idea? [Maximum 5 key words] Hollow/ Backbone/ Pentagon/ Dodecahedron/ 3-Pieces
Front
Side
Back
Assemblage
Sketch Design Proposal #2
Inspiration & Implementation Lizard is a kind of reptile changing their skin color frequently, in order to immerse themselves from surrounding environment. With referring to this unique characteristic. I design a 3-pieces custom to symbolize this prototype. Various sizes of dodecahedrons and pentagonal plates interlock each other and represent the titling body skin of lizard. Moreover, there is a chain of dodecahedrons expressing its long tail. How does this respond to your personal space? This 3-pieces gear is effective to protect our head, chest and sexual organ away from any invasions in any direction. The pentagonal pieces on backbone and the swinging long tail prevent strangers following, or attacking at the back. Furthermore, this outstanding outlook threaten others do not stay too near. Prototype - Lizard 18
What is your idea? [Maximum 5 key words] Overlaying/ Self-Consciousness/ Privacy/ Diagonal/ Leaves
Front
Side
Back
Inspiration & Implementation
Pattern
The Story of Adam and Eve is believed as the origin of relieving a sense of selfconsciousness in human history. Adam and Eve used leaves to cover the body, which means they also understood the idea of privacy and personal space. Based on this precedent, I take leaves as the modules, forming an overlaying and interlocking network in this design, and create a diagonal robe in monk style. How does this respond to your personal space?
Prototype - The Story of Adam and Eve
This design especially works for female for protecting their breast. The curved shell at the front facilitates a personal space for doing any private matters. For the huge leaf at the back, it functions as a protective barrier, prohibiting others peeping your privacy. Furthermore, it can be used to wrap the whole body up, just like an enclosed protective layer. 19
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02 Design
Collaborative Work by: Jason Leung, Yilan Zhao and Su Gu
This is the first module worked in group. Three persons with 9 different design proposals were put on the same table. After various discussions and compromises, our design agenda on this second skin project was set up consequently. Through the personal space analysis and refining sketch model, our first design was constructed. We developed the design into several integrated version, with lots of precedent researches suppporting our ideas. Evolution were done in every version and referred to some specific issues found in previous design. At the last of this module, we began to prototype our design in a small scale and test it in various aspects. The result provided us some places to improve for a better design and further fabrication. 21
Smoggy Environment In our daily life, we get used to comprehend surroundings by our five senses. Imagine how our life changes if some of them are restricted…
Design Agenda
Condition: At a smoggy dawn, the street is crowd of pedestrians, who are on the way back to work. Impact: - People are difficult to identify what’s happening in front of them due to low visibility. - The refracted sunlight may project on pedestrians’ face and dazzle their eyes. Issue: - High possibility of collisions between pedestrians - Uncomfortable feeling of eyes Keywords: Smog, Sunlight, Sights, Sounds, Collusion, Dazzling 22
Target Person Specs
Based on the personal space diagram we got, the analysis summary is as followed. Problem to be addressed: - Extra protection measures are required for the right shoulder part. - Some preventions have to be done in the facial part to lower the impacts by sunlight and strangers’ vision.
Back - The right part of our body have a larger area of personal space, because our sub-consciousness intends to explore uncertainty and handle stuffs with preferable and stronger side.
Standing
Walking
- At stationary position, our personal space is almost a sphere in shape, as people are highly aware to any invasion from any direction, especially for our upper body.
- The personal space around shoulder is comparatively big, as it is the most possibly to get hurt by collision.
Personal Space Analysis
Area to be focused: - Upper body, especially for the right shoulder and the face
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Design Development Introduction
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Sketch Design 1 Interlocking Technique
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Sketch Design 2 Concept
This refined sketch design is developed by several combination of previous practices. After careful reconsideration, we highlight one of the design features, that is, having a wrapping structure to represent the concept of personal space. In order to present this idea in section and profile material system, interlocking techniques are derived from previous researches. Curvy continuous tiles are chosen to symbolize the strong sense of protection of the body. 24
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Sketch Design 3 Top Body Form
Pattern
Refined Design
Component
Interlocking Structure
Assemblage
Details
Details
Top View
For this refined sketch model, we made several modifications based on the sketch model from M1. In terms of material, drawing paper was used to replace the normal white paper. It keeps the advantages in the flexibility and lightweight of its structure. And at the same time, the material and structural integrity is improved, so the negative influences by deformation can be lower subsequently. Moreover, we use strips in various shapes to form this reconfigured network structure in portfolio and section system. It retains some 3-dimensionality for our further design and simulates a curvy surface fitting in the body landscape.
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Refined Sketch Model
Sketch Model From M1
Isometric 2
Top
Design Proposal V.1
Right
Left
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Front
Back
Isometric 1
Details
In this version of proposed design, we modified our design from the refined sketch design development in previous section. Taking the curvy continuous tiles as a base, the focus of this design was shifted from whole body to upper body only. With referring to the research images shown in the left, we first created a wrapping chain prototype from shoulders upon to hindbrain. This form is also coincident to our findings from personal space analysis. It not only functions as a protective gear to prevent harms due to smog atmosphere, but also gives a sense of self-security for people in such uncertain surrounding. Moreover, the right shoulder is emphasized for extra protection.
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Isometric 2
Top
Right
Front
Isometric 1
Design Proposal V.2
Details
Left
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Back
After repeated revises, a mask-structure was added into the design, to replace the chain at the hindbrain. The major reason behind is that part of model doesn’t perform a significant effects on neither physical nor psychological personal space. Furthermore, its weight creates a torque moment to the whole model, which may cause uncomfortability to the person. This mask is designed as the extension of the shoulder part. Because of the net shape from the section and profile system, it can effectively diffuse the reflected and refracted sunlight due to heavy smog, as well as keep away from some dirty dusts in surrounding. In emotion wise, it provides a defense of privacy and a sense of elegance for person walking in public. 29
Name of precedent and designer Not Whole Fence / LA-based Ball-nogues Studio What is the concept of the precedent? [Maximum 5 key words] Fence, Sturdy Veil, Varied And Partial Views, Knot Holes, Milling Patterns
1st Layer: Equally lined aluminum sheet
2nd Layer: Wood grain pattern with knots
Precedent Research
Milling two layers perpendicular to each other Description of precedent In this precedent, section and profile system are applied by two layers interlocking vertically. It creates interesting changeable views. People can see through this fence when it is viewed frontally, while when viewed obliquely, things will be blocked by the large veil. However, lights can all pass through in different situation, which will produce fascinating optical illusion effect.
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Inspired by the visual effect from the precedent, we take the technique of assembling by two layers of different shape. Repetitive systematic tiles Organic curvy panels
Viewed at front: Effect can be seen through the tiles
Two layers that assembled by repetitive tiles can be less interesting.
How can you use this precedent to influence your design? The technique of optical effects, exported from the precedent, will be adopted to our two-layer model design. This unique and impressive feature can only be achieved in section and profile system. Viewed obliquely: Effect are blocked by vertical tiles. 31
Precedent Applied To Design
1. 2.
What is the concept of the precedent? [Maximum 5 key words] Fence, Sturdy Veil, Varied And Partial Views, Knot Holes, Milling Patterns
Isometric 1
Top Isometric 2
Design Proposal V.3
Right
Left
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Front
Back
Interior of Mask
Develmopment Sketches Based on the insights we got from the previous precedent section, we get two main aspects to integrate our design. First is highlighting the hearing sense by adding an exaggerated abstract ‘curvy-ear’ at the right-back. Its form, inspired by hoodie, interlocked in sections can effectively enhance the hearing capability. The reason why we did in this way is that, hearing will become the most important sense to be taken when sight is restricted in smoggy environment. Second is making a movable mask over right face, which can make a difference in hearing status before and after blocked sight. As we attempt achieving a similar optical effect shown in the precedent, some plates in various shape are attached to the mask. In such design, the inter-movement of the mask and the cover will create an interesting visual through the interlocking structure.
Interior of Mask 33
Isometric 1
Top
Isometric 2
Design Proposal V.4
Right
Left
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Front
Back
Details of Effect
Face Mask: Eyes blocked - blurry sight
Ear Opening: Exposed in the air
Two separate layers which are moveable, can create optical illusion effect.
Shoulder Pad: Ear-like shape which exaggerate the hearing sense.
For this development version, we mainly integrate the back cover structure. After several discussion, we realized that hoodie structure, the back cover structure in last design, is too heavy and lose the focus and balance point of the exaggerated ‘curvy-ear’. Furthermore, we foresee there is a certain degree of difficulty in fabrication and that part will have low structure integrity. Because of the above reasons, we move our focus to pay more concentration on the display of the interaction between right-side hearing and sight. To maintain the exaggerated ‘curvy-ear’ in a clear, simple and lightsome structure, the new design of cover is built on the original shoulder part. This structure plays a crucial role to support elements and make the mask moveable along the right face as well. Develmopment Sketches 35
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Prototype V.1
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Test 2: Testing on material strength in different thickness Issue: 1. How thick can it be self-supported stably? 2. What kind of texture is formed? Result: The thicker is firmer while the thinner is more flexible.
Test 1: Testing on the visual impact of different materials
Testing Effects
Issue: 1. How much it can blocked? 2. How it looks like both from inside and outside when it is transparent or not? 3. Does the transparent one give interesting light reflection? Result: The thicker material will block more view. Transparent material creates crystal-like filter viewing from inside, while outside is not impressive enough may due to the density.
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Test 4: Testing on how to assembly our designed mask Issue: 1. How the mask will be looked like in real when using two materials of different transparency? Result: It cannot be interlocked or hard to be assembled by thin two layer. Transparent material creates interesting light reflection and shadows, but can be denser.
Test 3: Testing on the interlocking technique Issue: 1. How thick should the sloping slots be to achieve sufficient structural integrity? Result: The minimum width of the interlock should be about as thick as this material.
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03 Fabrication
Collaborative Work by: Jason Leung, Yilan Zhao and Su Gu
This module is the core part of the whole second skin project. With referring to the outcomes from the previous works, we altered our design in order to facilitate a better performance in the making process. Several prototypes were made beforehand. The processes of optimization on material, effects and fabrication technique could minimize the areas of errors may happen, and ensure that the outcome would fulfil the model our standard and expectation. On the other hand, we also read some readings regarding the fabrication process. These helped us to understand further and make a suitable design decision on our designed structure and fabrication sequence. Lastly, the final model was fabricated with some changes during the assemblage and documented by photography. 41
Fabrication Introduction
Right Elevation
Isometric View 42
Prototype and Testing
Details of Mask
After several modifications and integrations of our design in the previous M2 journal, the model was consolidated into three major components - the body part, the ear part and the mask part. Each part is designed in such form to address the issues found in the analysis correspondingly. Moreover, we did some precedent research and extract some techniques of illusions into our waffle system design. These sensory effects were tested in last prototype making section, and prove that some of them are somehow achievable in our latter fabrication. At this stage, we put most of the effort and concentration on improving the notching problem between different components.
How user wear it: The ties on both shoulder allow user wear it stably. The right is use to support the ear part as well.
Thinking about different density of waffle grids, we prefer change both vertical and horizontal sections in different density. The vertical sections transitionally to be denser following the clockwise. Moreover, transitionally being denser emphasizes the illusion as well.
Design Development
Apply illusion pattern on the body part as well. The inspiration image shows the sense of flowing, curvy surface. We aim to achieve this effect on the whole body design.
The development of ear part was inspired by the image, the ear part is traditional waffle grids in organic forms. The ear part follows the human ear shape to emphasize the ear function (sense of hearing).
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Fabrication of Prototype V.2
Front View
Isometric View 44
Laser Cutting
Prototype V.1 This developed prototype focus on material and illusion testing. Instead of using thick cardboard like last M2 prototype, semi-transparent polypropylene sheets are practice in this one. Material testing results: 1. Thin lightweight polypropylene sheets can hold the structure in this scale, however, it is not as stable as cardboard. The notching between polypropylene sheets are also swinging. 2. Semi-transparent polypropylene sheets can create better illusion than the previous cardboard one. It especially produces a transcending effect at the edge. 45
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Fabrication of Prototype V.3
Testing: Whether PP sheets are strong enough to support itself to form the structure within a certain density. Results: - It is not self-supported. Therefore, it can’t be used as structure components. It will also easily melt when unappropriated laser cutting. Serious burnt can be caused in this material. - Semi-transparent PP sheets can provide fascinating illusion effect which is what we want to achieve. 47
Architecture in the Digital Age - Design + Manufacturing/ Branko Kolarevic, Spon Press, London c2003
Briefly outline the various digital fabrication processes. Explain how you use digital fabrication in your design? As we are doing the section and profile system for our project, the technique of two-dimensional fabrication is the most relevant digital fabrication processes to be implied into our model among all other fabrication methods illustrated in the reading. Somehow laser-cutting is a default way of fabrication to make those interlocking members in our design, whilst additive and subtractive fabrication orientate to some solid-based design, which is manifest not our case. We have also considered applying formative fabrication for reshaping the strips into some desired curvy form. However, we decided to forgo this idea at this moment, because our chosen material, polypropylene sheet, has already certain degree of elasticity allowing us to bend it manually into what we want. Moreover, formative fabrication deforms the shapes of members permanently, which may cause some unfavorable outcomes on the material integrity, as well as the whole model structural strength.
Reading Response Week 6
Before using the laser-cutting, we first build our digital model in Rhinoceros. After the solid form of model is done, we convert it into our section and profile system by using the function of contouring and trimming. Then, we make some notches to those intersections of members for later assembly. Next is to orient all the components onto a same level plane and transform them into 2D line works with respective labeling. Lastly is to fit all of them into the laser cutter template and send it to the Fab-Lab ready for fabrication.
Restaurant Georges (2000), Centre Pompidou, Paris, France, architects Jakob + MacFarlane. 48
How does the fabrication process and strategy effect your second skin project? As laser-cutting somehow is our default option of fabrication, time spent on considering other fabrication process were eliminated at the very first beginning of designing stage. Thus, we just concentrate on only one fabrication process, the laser-cutting, with deep understanding throughout the whole second skin project.
Reading Applied To Design
Both surface strategies and production strategies are very useful and influential approaches for building our section and profile model in Rhinoceros. Our prototype models were built aimed to achieve not only our findings from the personal space analysis, but also a natural and organic envelope of our design. Thus, the surface strategies majorly act as the functional and practical purposes of our model. On the other hand, the production strategies influence the structural performance of the design. The text highlights some important steps and techniques on how to transform our design to ready for the lasercutting fabrication process.
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Digital Fabrications: architectural + material techniques/Lisa Iwamoto. New York: Princeton Architectural Press c2009
Briefly outline the various digital fabrication processes. Explain how you use digital fabrication in your design? With the revolution of digital design fabrication in recent decades, designers are not limited to project regular geometric works under consideration of achieving the construction in reality. More complicated model can be realized quickly from computerized data to accurate physical model without significantly affect fabrication realization. This provides us a lot of possibilities to achieve our imagination.
Reading Response Week 7
Instead of presenting a great amount of 2D drawings to interpret the 3D model, nowadays advanced computer software like Rhino, which is practice throughout our whole design process, helps build 3D model in a more accurate and direct way before it actually being built. Therefore, more refining and testing can be made straight during design. Furthermore, Detailed and complicated parts of our design can also be achieved accurately for a finer and smoother appearance. For instance, the notching of our model cannot be interlocked precisely without accurate digital drawing.
Alvaro Siza and Eduardo Souto de Moura, Serpentine Pavilion Gallery, London, 2005
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Jakob + MacFarlane, Loewy Bookshop, Paris, 2001
Referencing from the lectures and readings, what is the implication of digital fabrication on your design?
Reading Applied To Design
According to the readings, surface and structure can be realized simultaneously in the section and profiling system. This can be illustrated by the Massie’s project, Urban Beach (2002). Laser-cut steel fins and PVC tubing are applied to construction. Not like conventional techniques which assemblage 3D building by flat sheets, Mattie emerged rib system into construction. The interlocking steel fins and PVC tubes not only create a relatively enclosure surface for accommodation but form a strong structure. Its parallel stacking provides a visual intensification of material: “diaphanous flowing plastic hair”. Similarly, in our design, laser- cut MDF and clear polypropylene sheets are also assemblage into section and profile system. This design is well self-supported while creating dreamy foggy effect. Repetitive pp sheets which can be regarded as the substructure are intersected in to MDF panels. It strengthens the major structure while creating strong moving illusions.
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Prototype Optimization #1
MATERIAL & EFFECTS
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The strips at this moment are not soft enough to create organic form. And the elasticity influence MDF structure (mentioned in the material part). We try make strips softer and curvy. The sketch shows the result we want to achieve on the illusion, which the pattern is very organic and elegant.
In the color testing, the black one did not make the illusion outstanding.
During the fabrication, we designed 4 different kinds of strips pattern to help us figure out which one can make obvious illusion. After testing, we understood if we follow the curves of the strips and interlock them in a systematic way, the illusion will be very obvious. 54
The best illusion is the clear polypropylene. Especially it is playing in the light, which strengthen the effects of illusion and shadows. After softening and warping the polypropylene, the strips are easier to interlock into the notches and making the shape more organic and flowing.
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Prototype Optimization #2
MATERIAL & FABRICATION
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Hard to find and identify each element, and we had to regroup them together. During the fabrication, labeling clearly every pieces is very important. In process of prototype 3.2, we did not label very well. Therefore, we took long time to figure out which is which piece, which notches should be interlocked together. After this prototype, we label every piece and notches to make sure we can fabricate accurately.
In fabrication of the 2nd skin model, we clearly label every piece in regular sequence, and clearly identify each notch. Even on the template of laser cut, we layout every pieces in regular order.
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When started interlocking strips, we firstly start from the third horizontal section (middle section of body structure). Because, it is the biggest and widest piece, which can decrease hazard to minimum of cracking. Lastly, trimming the strips. Using scissor to cut the redundant strips, to reduce the weight and make illusion nice and clear.
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Prototype Optimization #3
MATERIAL USAGE
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We realized that PP can’t be the structure of the whole design. So we decided to use MDF as our structure and PP strips are the substructure. On MDF there are a large amount of notches arranged by the horizontal sections (MDF). The PP strips will interlocked in these looped notches.
Hot water is used for making polypropylene softer and controlling the curves of these strips to reduce the elasticity of it. Another problem is the notches on the horizontal MDF section and the notches for polypropylene strips are so close that make MDF much easier to crack.
After we interlocked most of the PP, the top and second MDF sections was broken by the tension of the polypropylene. Because we aim to design curve patterns on the illusion. The elasticity of PP strips is too strong.
Therefore, in the final design, we changed the width of the horizontal sections to larger and the size of notches between the shoulder ties’ and the strips’.
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Final Digital Model
Project 3S
Back View Isometric View 1
Top View
Front View
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Left View
Isometric View 2
Isometric View of the Whole MDF structure
Right View
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Isometric View of the Whole PP Sheet structure Subject to be changed by the illusion effect
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Fabrication Sequence
1. Start building the model in Rhino into our desired outlook, which corresponds to the analysis result done before. 66
2. Convert the design into section and profile system with the function of ‘Split’, ‘Trim’, ‘Boolean Difference’, etc.
3. Use the command ‘Intersect’ to mark the joints of different components , and make notches correspondingly using ‘BooleanDifference’
4. Re-orientate all components onto a XY plane and Make2D
5. Orangize them into a Laser Cutting template and make some labels for identification in assemblge process.
6. Send the file to FabLab and ready for laser-cutting.
7. Pick out the required parts and make the notches are clear enough for assemblege
8. Assemble the body structure part of the model, which is the MDF framework first, with referring to the labels on the components. 67
9. At the same time, the ear part were also under assemblege
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10. Connect the body and ear MDF structure together
11. Take out the pp strips one by one and re-arrange them into an order based on their curvature.
12. Form the spiral structure of the ear with the polypropene shrips interlocking its three structural loops.
13. Insert the polypropene shrips into those gaps arrayed along the edge of the third-level MDF.
14. Insert the rest of them to achive the illusion effect.
15. Finish!
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Assembly Drawing
EAR
MASK
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BODY
EAR
BODY
MASK 71
Final Model
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04 Modification Collaborative Work by: Jason Leung, Yilan Zhao and Su Gu
In response to the tutor’s comments about the rooms of improvement on our previous second skin model, we decided to modify the model by spraying it into black and unify the material usage. This two major refinement can not only immerse the MDF frame in the cover of pp strips, but also enhance the sense of continuity and completeness for the whole design. Furthermore, a series of small light bulbs were inserted into the MDF framework, to achieve a self-lighting effect.
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Project 3S 90
After 12-week works, this subject is finally over. This is a tough but interesting subject for me. Weekly work push our design process in an efficient and effective manner, and also boost our design and fabrication techniques with significant improvements throughout the whole second skin project. In the first module in ideation, I like those interactive exercises which provide opportunities for me to experience and understand the material system I chose. Taking the Moose Head as the example to be study is a practical and helpful way to experience the material system by re-assemblage and observation. What I remember most is the in-class activity to construct a sketch model by just interlocking some strips with notches. It is a good learning experience to comprehend its design restriction and difficulties. On the other hand, it can also guide me into some possible and potential directions for development of design ideas. The three sketch design proposals provided me some preliminary design strategic for further design process. Before the design module began, I was quite looking fod to the outcomes produced from the group works, as I thought the combination of different peoples’ ideas can be compiled into a better design approach on the theme of second skin. Even though we got some disputes on some design issues during our compromise process, we tried to reduce our divergences and came up with a solution. Through this exchange of ideas, I can understand deeper on my groupmates’ viewpoint towards our design strategies. Communication skills of patience to listen others’ opinion and persuasion to convince others are the major things I learnt from our group’s conversation. Consistent changes on our designed model can improve it into a better design to satisfy our design agenda. Although we got some avoidable mistakes during the design process due to miscommunication and misunderstanding on others’ opinions, it is still a good experience for me. The fabrication process is the most challenging stage in this project. From what material to be used to how to fabricate the model, we have made a lot of changes by discussing again and again. With lots of trials and errors, we have finally made our digital designed model into a real model in reality. It is a stunning moment for our group to celebrate, as it proves our weekly contribution and diligence.
05 Reflection
Although everyone in the group has paid our best to contribute in the whole design process, there are still some room of improvement. I think the most important issue for our group is the efficiency of making a well-considered design decision. This problem made our group got stuck and wasted a lot of time, because there is always a dispute in evaluating and selecting between ideas. In my opinion, it showed we didn’t really understand the design brief and hadn’t reduced the interpretation differences on it. Moreover, the in-group documentation wasn’t done well enough, which leads some miscommunication problem when the works were passed to others. Besides, because of the modifications in our final design, the schedule of our fabrication was delayed and packed closely bewteen different versions of prototype, as well as the final model. It could be better if we finalized the ultimate design with determination of not doing any change more, and just focus addressing the issues on fabrication in a earlier stage 91 of M3. This may lead us to have some rooms for modification on overall, and achieve a better outcome.
Project 3S 92
Images
P. 22 500 px 2017, people in the fog, Viewed 20th April, https://i2.wp.com/ppcdn.500px.org/76177917/242012f6909e4ba774b91eaebbfac56a85d2f410/4.jpg P. 27 2014 Oregon Ducks Black and Yellow Nike Mach Speed Uniform 2014, Uniform Critics, Viewed 20th April, http://uniformcritics.com/football/college/ oregon-ducks/2014-oregon-black-yellow-nike-mach-speed-unis/ LA COOL & CHIC 2014, lacooletchic, Viewed 20th April, campaign=SharedPost&utm_medium=Email&utm_source=TumblriOS
http://areasonablydressedwoman.tumblr.com/post/101560416081?utm_
P. 29 Kate’s love affair with lace 2012, Daily Mail, Viewed 20th April, http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2155233/Kate-Middletons-love-affair-laceDuchess-Cambridge-McQueen-Erdem-Temperley.html NEUTRAL TONES & B&W 2017, The Linda Edit, Viewed 20th April, http://livingpierside.tumblr.com/post/142969107605 Mann Ali 2013, Mapping, Inspirarionde, Viewed 20th April, https://www.inspirationde.com/image/62313/ P. 33 MCV 2016, Alpha Industries Flight Jackets, Refinery 29, Viewed 20th April, http://www.refinery29.com/2016/03/105216/vetements-hoodies-knock-offsbrands-concepts-pfw-2016#slide-5
Readings
Enric Miralles,Carme Pinos, 1988/1991, “How to lay out a croissant” El Croquis 49/50 Enric Miralles, Carme Pinos, En Construccion pp. 240-241 Heath, A., Heath, D., & Jensen, A. (2000). 300 years of industrial design : function, form, technique, 1700¬2000 / Adrian Heath, Ditte Heath, Aage Lund Jensen. New York : Watson-Guptill. Cheng, R. 2008. Inside Rhinoceros 4 / Ron K.C. Cheng. Clifton Park, NY : Thomson/Delmar Learning, c2008. Scheurer, F. and Stehling, H. _2011_: Lost in Parameter Space? IAD: Architectural Design, Wiley, 81 _4_, July, pp. 70-79 Asperl et al, 2007,Surfaces that can be built from paper / In H.Pottmann, A.Asperl,M.Hofer, A.Kilian (eds) Architectural Geometry, p534-561, Bentley Institute Press
06 Appendix
Kolarevic, B 2003, Architecture in the Digital Age - Design and Manufacturing /Branko Kolarevic. Spon Press, London Marble, S, 2008. Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture/ Philip Bernstein, Peggy Deamer. Princeton Architectural Press. pp 38-42 Rifkin, J 2011, The third Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan.pp107-126
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Bibliography
Sommer, R. 1969. Personal space : the behavioral basis of design / Robert Sommer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, c1969.A
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Credit
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