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A Commentary on Prayer

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A Commentary on Prayer

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A Commentary on Prayer A Commentary on Prayer

by Muhsin Qara’ati

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A Commentary on Prayer

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A Commentary on Prayer

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A Commentary on Prayer

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Chapter 8 4XQXW

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A Commentary on Prayer

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7DVKDKKXG DQG 6DODP

7DVKDKKXG

Ù È ǹÌÈƗ ƾÉȀÈǋÌÈƗ ǲŏǏ È ÅơƾǸōƸÈǷ È ǶōȀÉǴǳËÈƗ ǾÉǳȂǇÉǁ É ǹōÈƗ ƾÉȀÈǋÈÈƗ ȁ ƅơ È ǽÉƾÉƦÌǟ È ȏËÊƛ ǾÈǳÊƛ ȏ È ȁ Ê ȁ ƾǸōƸÈǷ Ù ǟÈ É Ǳƕ É ȄǴ È ƾÇǸōƸÈǷ

, EHDU ZLWQHVV WKDW WKHUH LV QR JRG EXW $OODK DQG 0XKDPPDG LV +LV VHUYDQW DQG 0HVVHQJHU 2 $OODK 6HQG EOHVVLQJV RQ 0XKDPPDG DQG KLV SURJHQ\ $PRQJ WKH REOLJDWRU\ SDUWV RI SUD\HU LV WDVKDKKXG ZKLFK LV UHFLWHG LQ WKH VHFRQG DQG ODVW UDNµDKV RI SUD\HU ,Q WKH WDVKDKKXG ZH WHVWLI\ DQG EHDU ZLWQHVV WR WKH 2QHQHVV RI $OODK DQG WKH χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ͺϘϏϙDϒχώͻ ϕό ΑϏϙ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚͥ ΑχϊϘχϚ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ ͸Μ͹ͨ ΊϒϚώϕϛύώ ϝϋ ώχϜϋ ϚϋϙϚϏόϏϋϊ χύχϏϔ χϔϊ χύχϏϔ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋϙϋ Ϛϝϕ όχωϚϙ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ χϊώDϔ χϔϊ ϏϗDϓχώͥ Ϛώϕϙϋ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϏϋϙ ϝϋϘϋ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϚϏϓϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ χϖϖϘϕχωώ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘχϟϋϘ χϔϊ ϚώϏϙ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ Ϗϙ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϋϔϊ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘχϟϋϘͨ ΝώϋϘϋ Ϗϙ ϝϏϙϊϕϓ ψϋώϏϔϊ χϒϒ Ϛώϋϙϋ ϘϋϖϋϚϏϚϏϕϔϙͨ ΒϚ Ϗϙ ψϋωχϛϙϋ ϓχϔ Ϗϙ ϋχϙϏϒϟ ϙϛψϐϋωϚϋϊ Ϛϕ ϔϋύϒϏύϋϔωϋ χϔϊ όϕϘύϋϚόϛϒϔϋϙϙͥ ϋχϙϏϒϟ όϕϘύϋϚϚϏϔύ Ϛώϋ ΘϝϔϋϘ ϕό Ϛώϋ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙͨ Νώϋϙϋ ϙϋϔϚϋϔωϋϙ χϘϋ ϒϏϑϋ χ Ϙϕϖϋ ϚώχϚ ϖϘϕϚϋωϚϙ Ϛώϋ ϙώϏϖ ϕό ώϛϓχϔϏϚϟ όϘϕϓ Ϛώϋ ϝχϜϋϙ ϕό ϋϜϋϔϚϙͨ 7KH VORJDQ RI WDZKLG ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ όϏϘϙϚ ϙϒϕύχϔ ϕό χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ͨ ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ ϚώχϚ χϒϒ Ϛώϕϙϋ ϝώϕ ϖϕϙϙϋϙϙ ϑϔϕϝϒϋϊύϋ χϒϕϔύ ϝϏϚώ Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϒϙ ϊϕ χωϑϔϕϝϒϋϊύϋͧ

ōÉ ƾÈȀǋ È ȐÈǸÈÌǳơ ȁ Ƃ ǶÊǴÌǠÊÌǳơ ơȂÉǳȁÉƗ ȁ Ê ƃ É Êƛ ǾÈÈǳÊƛ ȏ ǾÉōǻÈƗ ƅơ È ƨÉǰƟ È ȂÈǿ ȏ

ͰΊϒϒχώ ψϋχϘϙ ϝϏϚϔϋϙϙ ϚώχϚ ϚώϋϘϋ Ϗϙ ϔϕ ύϕϊ ψϛϚ ΑϏϓ΂χϔϊ ͺϙϕ ϊϕͻ Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϒϙ χϔϊ Ϛώϕϙϋ ϝώϕ ϖϕϙϙϋϙϙ ϑϔϕϝϒϋϊύϋͨͱͼнклͽ

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸к ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙϋϔϚϋϔωϋ ϚώχϚ ϋϜϋϘϟ ΖϛϙϒϏϓ ώϋχϘϙ χϚ ψϏϘϚώͥ ϝϏϚώ ϝώϏωώ ώϋ ϝϏϒϒ ψϋ ψϛϘϏϋϊ χϔϊ ϝώϏωώ ϝϏϒϒ ψϋ ϘϋωϏϚϋϊ χϚ ώϏϙ ύϘχϜϋ ͺϚχϒϗLϔͻͨ ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϓϕϙϚ ψϋϒϕϜϋϊ ϕό ϙϋϔϚϋϔωϋϙ Ϛϕ ΐϕϊ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ώϋχϜϏϋϙϚ ϕό ϊϋϋϊϙ ϕϔ Ϛώϋ Μωχϒϋͨͼнкмͽ ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ όϕϘϓϏϊχψϒϋ όϕϘϚϘϋϙϙ ϕό ΐϕϊ Ϗϔ ϝώϏωώ ϝώϕϋϜϋϘ ϋϔϚϋϘϙ Ϗϙ ϙχόϋ όϘϕϓ ΑϏϙ ϝϘχϚώͧ ³/D LODKD LOOD¶OODK LV 0\ IRUWUHVV VR ZKRHYHU HQWHUV 0\ IRUWUHVV LV VDIH IURP 0\ ZUDWK ´> @ ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϊϋϓχϘωχϚϏϕϔ ψϋϚϝϋϋϔ ϑϛόϘ χϔϊ Βϙϒχϓͨ Ίϔϟ ϛϔψϋϒϏϋϜϋϘ ͺϑDόϏϘͻ ϝώϕ ϘϋωϏϚϋϙ ϏϚ ϋϔϚϋϘϙ Ϛώϋ όϕϒϊ ϕό Βϙϒχϓͨ Νώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ ωϘϏϚϏωϏϠϋϊ Ϛώϋ ΖϛϙϒϏϓ ϝώϕ ϊϏϊ ϔϕϚ ϖχϟ χϚϚϋϔϚϏϕϔ Ϛϕ ϕϔϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϋϔϋϓϟ ϙϕϒϊϏϋϘϙ ϝώϋϔ Ϛώϋ ϒχϚϚϋϘ ϘϋωϏϚϋϊ ͰϒD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ χϔϊ ϑϏϒϒϋϊ ώϏϓͥ ϙχϟϏϔύͧ ͰΠϏϚώ Ϛώϋ ϛϚϚϋϘχϔωϋ ϕό ϚώϏϙ ϙϚχϚϋϓϋϔϚͥ χϔϟϕϔϋ Ϗϙ ϙχόϋ ϋϜϋϔ Ϛώϕϛύώ ϝϋ ϊϕ ϔϕϚ ϑϔϕϝ ϝώϋϚώϋϘ ώϋ ϊϕϋϙ ϙϕ ϙϏϔωϋϘϋϒϟ ϕϘ ϔϕϚͨͱͼнкоͽ ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙϒϕύχϔ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΖϛϙϒϏϓϙ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϚϏϓϋ ϕό ϖχϙϙϏϔύ Ϛώϋ ΜϏϘDϚ ϕϔ Ϛώϋ ΍χϟ ϕό ΛϋϙϛϘϘϋωϚϏϕϔͨͼнкпͽ Πϋ Ϙϋχϊ Ϗϔ ώϏϙϚϕϘϟ ϚώχϚ ΊψX Γχώϒ ϙχϏϊ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ͧ ͰΜώχϒϒ ϝϋ χψχϔϊϕϔ Ϛώϋ мпй Ϗϊϕϒϙ χϔϊ χωωϋϖϚ Θϔϋ ΐϕϊͬ Πϋ χϘϋ ϝϏϒϒϏϔύ Ϛϕ ϛϚϚϋϘ кй ϙϋϔϚϋϔωϋϙ ψϛϚ ϔϕϚ ϚώϏϙ ϙϚχϚϋϓϋϔϚͨͱ ΋ϛϚ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ ϙχϏϊͧ ͰΒϚ Ϗϙ ϚώϏϙ ϙϚχϚϋϓϋϔϚ ϚώχϚ ϝϏϒϒ ύϏϜϋ ϟϕϛ ύϒϕϘϟ χϔϊ ϖϕϝϋϘ χϔϊ ϝϏϒϒ ύϏϜϋ ϟϕϛ ϙϛϖϋϘϏϕϘϏϚϟ ϕϜϋϘ ϕϚώϋϘ ωϕϓϓϛϔϏϚϏϋϙͨͱͼнкрͽ Ί ύϒχϔωϋ χϚ Ϛώϋ ΍ϛͮDͯ χϒ΀ͮΊϘχόχώ ϕό Βϓχϓ χϒ΀Αϛϙχϟϔ ͸ͮχ͹ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϙϋϘϓϕϔ ϕό ΒϓDϓ χϙ΀ΜχϐDϊ ͸ͮχ͹ χϚ ΜώDϓ ϓχϑϋϙ Ϛώϋ όχωϚ ωϒϋχϘ ϚώχϚ Ϛώϋ ϙχϏϔϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊ ϝώϕϒϋώϋχϘϚϋϊϒϟ ψϕϘϋ ϝϏϚϔϋϙϙ Ϛϕ ϚώϏϙͥ χϔϊ ϋϜϋϔ Ϛώϋ ϋχϘϚώ χϔϊ ϚϏϓϋ ύχϜϋ ϚώϏϙ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟͨ Βϔ Ϛώϋ Ϛχϙώχώώϛϊ ϝϋ ϊϕ ϔϕϚ ϙϛόόϏωϋ ϕϛϘϙϋϒϜϋϙ ϝϏϚώ ϓϋϘϋϒϟ ͰϒD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDϒϒDώͱͨ Πϋ ϘχϚώϋϘ χϊϊͥ Ͱϝχώϊχώϛ ϒD ϙώχϘLϑχϒχώͱ ͰΑϋ Ϗϙ χϒϕϔϋ ϝώϕ ώχϙ ϔϕ ϖχϘϚϔϋϘͱͨ ΝώχϚ Ϗϙͥ Αϋ Ϗϙ Θϔϋ ϝώϕ ώχϙ ϔϕ ϖχϘϚϔϋϘ Ϗϔ ωϘϋχϚϏϕϔͥ Ϗϔ ωϕϔϚϘϕϒ χϔϊ Ϗϔ ϒϋύϏϙϒχϚϏϕϔͧ Ͱϝχ ϒχϓ ϟχϑϛͯϒ΀ϒχώϛ ϙώχϘLϑχ όLͯϒ΀ϓϛϒϑͱ ͰΊϔϊ Αϋ ώχϙ ϔϕ ϖχϘϚϔϋϘ Ϗϔ ϙϕϜϋϘϋϏύϔϚϟͨͱ ΜϋϘϜϏϚϛϊϋ Ϛϕ ΐϕϊ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ώϏύώϋϙϚ ώϕϔϕϘ όϕϘ Ϛώϋ ϙχϏϔϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊͧ

ϰȀǳÙÊơ ϰÙ ǨǯÈ ϰƥ ơÅǄËϋÊ ǹÌ΍È ǹÈȂǯÉ˴ơ Ǯ˴ Èǳ ΍ÅƾƦÌǟÈ

³2 /RUG ,W LV DOUHDG\ HQRXJK RI DQ KRQRU IRU PH WKDW , DP <RXU VHUYDQW ´> @

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸л ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

ΜϋϘϜϏϚϛϊϋ Ϛϕ ΐϕϊ ϏϓϖϒϏϋϙ ϓχϔͯϙ όϘϋϋϊϕϓ όϘϕϓ χϒϒ όϕϘϓϙ ϕό ϘϋϙϚϘϏωϚϏϕϔͥ χϚϚχωώϓϋϔϚ χϔϊ χόόϋωϚϏϕϔͨ ΒϚ Ϛώϛϙ ύϏϜϋϙ ϓχϔ ϙϕ ϓϛωώ ϖϕϝϋϘ ϚώχϚ ώϋ ϝϕϛϒϊ ϔϕϚ ψϋ χόϘχϏϊ ϕό χϔϟ ϙϛϖϋϘϖϕϝϋϘͨ Θϔ χωωϕϛϔϚ ϕό ψϋϏϔύ χ ϙϏϔωϋϘϋ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚ ϕό ΐϕϊͥ Ϛώϋ ϝϏόϋ ϕό ΙώχϘχϕώ ψϋωχϓϋ ϙϛωώ χϔ ϏϓϖϋϔϋϚϘχψϒϋ όϕϘωϋ ϚώχϚ χϒϒ ϕό ΙώχϘχϕώͯϙ ύϕϒϊ χϔϊ ϙϏϒϜϋϘ ώχϊ ϔϕ ϋόόϋωϚ ϕϔ ώϋϘͥ χϔϊ χϒϚώϕϛύώ ΙώχϘχϕώ ϙϛψϐϋωϚϋϊ χϒϒ Ϛϕ ώϏϙ ϙϋϘϜϏωϋͥ ϙώϋ ϘϋϓχϏϔϋϊ Ϛώϋ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚ ϕό ΐϕϊ χϒϕϔϋͨ ΑϋϘ χωωϕϓϖϒϏϙώϓϋϔϚ ϝχϙ ϙϛωώ ϚώχϚ ϙώϋ ψϋωχϓϋ χ ϓϕϊϋϒ όϕϘ χϒϒ ψϋϒϏϋϜϏϔύ ϓϋϔ χϔϊ ϝϕϓϋϔ ϚώϘϕϛύώϕϛϚ ώϏϙϚϕϘϟͧ

ōÉ ǂǓ ȁÈ ƃ Ƃ ǹÈȂÌǟÈǂÌÊǧ ƧÈƗǂÈǷơ ơȂ Ì ǼÉǷơÈƔ È ƅơ ƣ È Ǻȇ È ǀÊǴōŏǳ ȐÅưÈǷ È

ͰΊϒϒχώ ϊϘχϝϙ χϔͺϕϚώϋϘͻ ϋϞχϓϖϒϋ όϕϘ Ϛώϕϙϋ ϝώϕ ώχϜϋ όχϏϚώͧ Ϛώϋ ϝϏόϋ ϕό ΙώχϘχϕώͨͱͼнктͽ Βϔ χϔϟ ωχϙϋͥ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚͯϙ ͸Μ͹ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚώϕϕϊ ͺͮϛψXϊϏϟϟχώͻ Ϛϕ ΐϕϊ Ϗϙ χ ϖϘϋϒϏϓϏϔχϘϟ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ ϕό ώϏϙ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ͺϘϏϙDϒχώͻͥ χϔϊ ϚώϏϙ ϏϚϙϋϒό ώχϙ ϒϋϙϙϕϔϙ χϔϊ ϓϋϙϙχύϋϙͧ ͰΊϙώώχϊϛ χϔϔχ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊχϔ ͮχψϊϛώͩͱͨ ΝϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ Ϛϕ ώϏϙ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ϓϋχϔϙ Ϛώϋ ϔϋύχϚϏϕϔ ϕό χϒϒ ϓχϔ΀ϓχϊϋ ϙωώϕϕϒϙͦ χωωϋϖϚχϔωϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϋϚϋϘϔχϒϏϚϟ χϔϊ ϛϔϏϜϋϘϙχϒϏϚϟ ϕό Ϛώϋ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ϕό Ϛώϋ Μϋχϒ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͺϑώDϚχϓ χϒ΀χϔψϏϟDͯͻͦ χϔϊ ϘϋϐϋωϚϏϕϔ ϕό χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϚχύώϛϚϙͨ ΝϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ϕό ΑχϊϘχϚ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ ͸Μ͹ Ϗϙ χ ωϕϜϋϔχϔϚ ϚώχϚ ΐϕϊ ώχϙ ϓχϊϋ ϝϏϚώ Ϛώϋ χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙͦ ώχϊ Ϛώϋϟ ϔϕϚ χωωϋϖϚϋϊ ώϏϙ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖͥ Ϛώϋϟ ϝϕϛϒϊ ϔϕϚ ώχϜϋ χϚϚχϏϔϋϊ Ϛώϋ ϙϚχϚϏϕϔ ϕό ϖϘϕϖώϋϚώϕϕϊͨͼнлйͽ ΝώϋϘϋόϕϘϋͥ Β χϓ ϔϕϚ χϒϕϔϋ Ϗϔ ϙχϟϏϔύͥ ͰΊϙώώχϊϛ χϔϔχ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊχϔ ͮχψϊϛώϛ ϝχ ϘχϙXϒχώͱ χϙ χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ ώχϜϋ ϙχϏϊ ϙϕ χϙ ϝϋϒϒͨ 3ULVWLQH 7DZKLG ΠώχϚ ώχϙ χόόϒϏωϚϋϊ ϓϕϙϚ ϕό ϓϕϔϕϚώϋϏϙϚϙ ϔϕϝχϊχϟϙ Ϗϙ ϚώχϚ Ϛώϋϟ ϜϋϘψχϒϒϟ ϛϚϚϋϘͥ ͰΕD ϏϒDώχ ϏϒϒDOODKͱ ψϛϚ Ϗϔ ϖϘχωϚϏωϋ Ϛώϋϟ ϚϛϘϔ Ϛϕ ϕϚώϋϘ Ϛώχϔ ΑϏϓͥ ϒϕϕϑϏϔύ όϕϘ ϖϕϝϋϘ χϔϊ ύϒϕϘϟ ϙϕϓϋϝώϋϘϋ ϋϒϙϋͨ Νώϋϟ ϕψϋϟ ϕϚώϋϘ Ϛώχϔ ΑϏϓ χϔϊ ϋϞϖϘϋϙϙ ϒϕϜϋ Ϛϕ ϕϚώϋϘ Ϛώχϔ ΑϏϓͨ ΋ϟ Ϛώϋ ϝχϟͥ ϖϕϒϟϚώϋϏϙϓ Ϗϙ ϏϚϙϋϒό χ ύϘχϜϋ χωϚ ϕό ϏϔϐϛϙϚϏωϋ χϔϊ ϊϏϙϘϋϙϖϋωϚ όϕϘ ΑϏϙ ΜχωϘϋϊ Ύϙϙϋϔωϋͧ ³3RO\WKHLVP LV LQGHHG D JUHDW LQMXVWLFH ´> @ ,W LV VR EHFDXVH KDYLQJ D SDUWQHU FRQQRWHV ZHDNQHVV LPSRWHQFH DQG WKH LQDELOLW\ WR DFW DV ZHOO DV WKH H[LVWHQFH RI D VLPLODU DQG HTXDO EHLQJ²WKLQJV ZKLFK DUH LQFRQFHLYDEOH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR *RG 7HVWLPRQ\ WR WKH $SRVWOHVKLS

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸м ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

ͰΠχ χϙώώχϊϛ χϔϔχ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊχϔ µχψϊϛώϛ ϝχ ϘχϙXϒϛώͱ ͰΊϔϊ Β ψϋχϘ ϝϏϚϔϋϙϙ ϚώχϚ 0XKDPPDG LV +LV VHUYDQW DQG 0HVVHQJHUͨͱ ΜϋϘϜϏϚϛϊϋ ͺͮϛψXϊϊϏϟϟχώͻ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ώϏύώϋϙϚ ϙϚχϚϏϕϔ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ͨ Βϔϊϋϋϊͥ ϏϚ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϋϒϏϓϏϔχϘϟ ϙϚχύϋ ϕό χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ χϔϊ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚώϕϕϊͧ Ͱͮχψϊϛώϛ ϝχ ϘχϙXϒχώͱͨ ΒϚ Ϗϙ ϙϋϘϜϏϚϛϊϋ Ϛϕ ΐϕϊ ϚώχϚ ψϘϏϔύϙ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ χϙωϋϔϙϏϕϔ ^PLµUDM` ³,PPDFXODWH LV +H ZKR FDUULHG +LV VHUYDQW RQ D MRXUQH\´> @ DQG LW FDXVHV WKH KHDYHQO\ UHYHODWLRQ WR GHVFHQG XSRQ KLP ³:H KDYH VHQW GRZQ WKH UHYHODWLRQ WKURXJK DQJHOV WR 2XU VHUYDQW ´> @ *RG DOVR SUDLVHV +LV SURSKHWV µD IRU WKHLU VHUYLWXGH WR +LP 5HJDUGLQJ +DGUDW 1Xώ 1RDK µD +H VD\V ³,QGHHG KH ZDV D JUDWHIXO VHUYDQW ´> @ DQG FRQFHUQLQJ +DGUDW 6XOD\PDQ 6RORPRQ µD +H VWDWHV ³:KDW DQ H[FHOOHQW VHUYDQW ´> @ Θϔϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϊϏϙϚϏϔωϚϏϕϔϙ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ Ϗϔ ϘϋϒχϚϏϕϔ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ύϋϔϏϛϙϋϙ χϔϊ ϏϔϜϋϔϚϕϘϙ Ϗϙ ϚώχϚ Ϛώϋ ϒχϚϚϋϘ ώχϜϋ ϕψϚχϏϔϋϊ ϚώϋϏϘ ύϋϔϏϛϙ χϔϊ ωϘϋχϚϏϜϏϚϟ χϙ Ϛώϋ ϘϋϙϛϒϚ ϕό ϏϔϚϋϒϒϏύϋϔωϋͥ ϖϋϘϙϋϜϋϘχϔωϋ χϔϊ ϋϞϋϘωϏϙϋͥ ϝώϏϒϋ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ ώχϜϋ χωϗϛϏϘϋϊ ϚώϋϏϘ ϓϏϘχωϒϋϙ χϙ χ ϘϋϙϛϒϚ ϕό ϙϋϘϜϏϚϛϊϋ Ϛϕ ΐϕϊ χϔϊ ϛϔϊϋϘ Ϛώϋ χϋύϏϙ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϊϏϜϏϔϋ ύϘχωϋͥ χϔϊ ϙϋϘϜϏϚϛϊϋ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ όϕϛϔϊχϚϏϕϔ ϕό χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϙϚχϚϏϕϔϙ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ͨ ΊωϑϔϕϝϒϋϊύϓϋϔϚ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚώϕϕϊ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ͸ͮχ͹ ϖϘϋϜϋϔϚϙ χϔϟ όϕϘϓ ϕό ϋϞϚϘϋϓϏϙϓͥ όχϔχϚϏωϏϙϓ χϔϊ ϘχϊϏωχϒϏϙϓ ωϕϔωϋϘϔϏϔύ Ϛώϋ ϙϚχϚϏϕϔϙ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϙχϏϔϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊͨ ΒϚ ϘϋϓϏϔϊϙ ϛϙ ϚώχϚ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ͥ Ϛώϕϛύώ Ϛώϋ ψϋϙϚ ϕό ωϘϋχϚϏϕϔͥ Ϗϙ χϒϙϕ χ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚ ϕό ΐϕϊͨ ΒϚ Ϗϙ ϔϋϋϊϒϋϙϙ Ϛϕ ϙχϟ ϚώχϚ ϚώϏϙ ϚϋϙϚϏϓϕϔϟ ϓϛϙϚ ψϋ ψχϙϋϊ ϕϔ ϙϏϔωϋϘϏϚϟ χϔϊ ϚϘϛϚώόϛϒϔϋϙϙ όϕϘͥ Ϛώϋ ώϟϖϕωϘϏϚϋϙ ͺϓϛϔDόϏϗLϔͻ ϛϙϋϊ Ϛϕ ϚϋϙϚϏόϟ χϒϙϕ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ ϟϋϚ Ϛώϋ ΚϛϘͯχϔ Ϛώϛϙ ϘϋϜϋχϒϙ χψϕϛϚ Ϛώϋϓͧ

ōÉ ȁ ōÊ ǱȂ È Ƴ ơ É ǇÉǂÈÈǳ ǮÈōǻÊƛ ƾÉȀÈǌÌÈǻ ơȂÉǳƢÈǫ ǹȂ È ǬÉÊǧƢǼÈǸÉÌǳơ ǭƔƢ ǮÈōǻÊƛ ǶÉǴÈǠÌÈȇ ƅơ È ƿÈÊƛ ƃ È ƅơ ōÉ ȁ È ÉƥƿƢÊǰÈÈǳ ǺȈ Ƃ ǹȂ È ǾÉÉǳȂǇÉǂÈÈǳ È ǬÊÊǧƢǼÈǸÉÌǳơ ǹōÊƛ ƾÉȀÈǌÌÈȇ ƅơ

³:KHQ WKH K\SRFULWHV FRPH WR \RX WKH\ VD\ µ:H EHDU ZLWQHVV WKDW \RX DUH LQGHHG WKH DSRVWOH RI $OODK ¶ $OODK NQRZV WKDW \RX DUH LQGHHG +LV $SRVWOH DQG $OODK EHDUV ZLWQHVV WKDW WKH K\SRFULWHV DUH LQGHHG OLDUV ´> @ 6DODZDW

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸н ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

ͰΊϒϒDώϛϓϓχ ϙχϒϒϏ ͮχϒD Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ ϝχ DϒϏ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊͨͱ ͰΘ Ίϒϒχώͪ Μϋϔϊ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ ϕϔ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ χϔϊ ώϏϙ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟͨͱ ΊόϚϋϘ ψϋχϘϏϔύ ϝϏϚϔϋϙϙ Ϛϕ ϚχϝώLϊ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϘϏϙDϒχώͥ ϝϋ ϏϔϜϕϑϋ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ όϕϘ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ χϔϊ ώϏϙ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟ ͸ͮχ͹ͨ ΜχϒDϝDϚ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙϟϓψϕϒ ϕό ϒϕϜϋ ͺϓϛώχψψχώͻͥ όϘϏϋϔϊϙώϏϖ ͺϓϛϝχϊϊχώͻ χϔϊ ϊϋϜϕϚϏϕϔ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ όχϓϏϒϟ ϕό Ϛώϋ Αϕϒϟ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ϕό Βϙϒχϓ ͸Μ͹ͥ ϝώϏωώ Ϛώϋ ΚϛϘͯχϔ ϘϋύχϘϊϙ χϙ Ϛώϋ ϘϋϝχϘϊ όϕϘ Ϛώϋ χϖϕϙϚϒϋϙώϏϖ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ͨͼнлрͽ ΜχϒDϝDϚ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϖϕϒϏϙώ όϕϘ ϓχϔͯϙ ϘϛϙϚϟ ϙϕϛϒͼнлсͽ χϔϊ ϏϚ ϝϏϖϋϙ χϝχϟ ώϟϖϕωϘϏϙϟ ͺϔϏόDϗͻͨͼнлтͽ ΜχϒDϝDϚ Ϗϙ χ όχωϚϕϘ Ϗϔ ϝϏϖϏϔύ χϝχϟ ϙϏϔϙͥͼнмйͽ χ ϓϋχϔϙ όϕϘ ϕϖϋϔϏϔύ Ϛώϋ ύχϚϋϙ ϕό ώϋχϜϋϔͥͼнмкͽ Ϛώϋ Ϙϋχϙϕϔ ψϋώϏϔϊ Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϒϙͯ ϙϛϖϖϒϏωχϚϏϕϔ όϕϘ ϓχϔ χϔϊ χϙϑϏϔύ όϕϘ Ϛώϋ όϕϘύϏϜϋϔϋϙϙ ϕό ώϏϙ ϙϏϔϙͥͼнмлͽ χϔϊ χ ϓϋχϔϙ ϕό ϖϘϕϞϏϓϏϚϟ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ ϕϔ Ϛώϋ ΍χϟ ϕό ΛϋϙϛϘϘϋωϚϏϕϔ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϕψϚχϏϔϓϋϔϚ ϕό ώϏϙ ϏϔϚϋϘωϋϙϙϏϕϔ ͺϙώχόDͮχώͻͨͼнммͽ Νώϋ ϕϔϋ ϝώϕ ώχϙ ψϒϏϙϙόϛϒ όχϚϋ Ϗϙ ώϋ ϝώϕϙϋ ϒχϙϚ ϙϚχϚϋϓϋϔϚ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ϝϕϘϒϊ Ϗϙ ϙχϒDϝDϚͨͼнмнͽ ΐϕϊ ϏϔϏϚϏχϒϒϟ ϙϋϔϊϙ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ ͺϙχϒDϝDϚͻ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ χϔϊ Ϛώϋϔ ϕϘϊϋϘϙ ϛϙ Ϛϕ ϙϋϔϊ ϙχϒDϝDϚͧ

ōÈ ǹōÊƛ ƃ È ǴŎǐÈÉȇ ǾÉƬÈǰÈÊƟȐÈǷÈȁ ǾÊȈÌǴÈǟ ơȂ È ǴŎǏ ơȂ È ǹȂ ō ǴÈǟ È ǼÉǷƕ È Ǻȇ È ƅơ È ǀÊōǳơ ƢȀÈŎȇÈƗ ƢÈȇ ȆŏƦÊǼǳơ Ȅ Ƃ ƢǸȈÅǴÊǈÌÈƫ ơȂǸÉǴŏǇÈȁÈ

³,QGHHG $OODK DQG +LV DQJHOV EOHVV WKH 3URSKHW 2 \RX ZKR KDYH IDLWK ,QYRNH EOHVVLQJV RQ KLP DQG LQYRNH 3HDFH XSRQ KLP LQ D ZRUWK\ PDQQHU ´> @ ΏϘϕϓ ϚώϏϙ ϜϋϘϙϋ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ όϕϒϒϕϝϏϔύ ϚϘχϊϏϚϏϕϔϙͥ ϝϋ ώχϜϋ ϕψϚχϏϔϋϊ Ϛώϋϙϋ ϖϕϏϔϚϙ ψϋϒϕϝ ϘϋύχϘϊϏϔύ ϙχϒDϝDϚͧ кͨ ΜχϒDϝDϚ Ϗϙ χ ϜϋϘψχϒ ύϋϙϚϛϘϋ ϕό ϘϋϙϖϋωϚͥ ψϛϚ ϝώχϚ Ϗϙ ϓϕϘϋ ϏϓϖϕϘϚχϔϚ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϖϘχωϚϏωχϒ ϕψϋϊϏϋϔωϋ ϘϋϗϛϏϘϋϊ χϙ Ϗϙ ϏϔϊϏωχϚϋϊ ψϟ Ϛώϋ ϖώϘχϙϋͥ ͰϙχϒϒϏϓϛ ϚχϙϒLϓDͱͨ лͨ Νώϋ ϙχϒDϝDϚ ϕό ΐϕϊ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϒϙ Ϗϙ ϖϋϘϓχϔϋϔϚ΂ͰϟϛϙχϒϒXQͱ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϋϙϋϔϚ ϖϋϘόϋωϚ Ϛϋϔϙϋͨ мͨ Νώϋ ϙDODZDW RI *RG LV QRELOLW\ ^NLUDPDK` WKH ϙDODZDW RI WKH DQJHOV LV PHUF\ ^UDώPDK` DQG WKH ϙDODZDW RI WKH SHRSOH LV VXSSOLFDWLRQ ^GXµD¶`

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸о ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

,W LV UHFRUGHG LQ WKH WUDGLWLRQV ³,Q DGGUHVVLQJ ΑDϊUDW 0XVD µD *RG VDLG µ6HQG ϙDODZDW XSRQ 0XώDPPDG DQG KLV SURJHQ\ DV , DQG WKH DQJHOV GR VHQG ϙDODZDW XSRQ KLP¶ ´> @ 7KH 0HVVHQJHU RI $OODK 6 VDLG ³7R UHPHPEHU *RG LV D IRUP RI ZRUVKLS DQG WR UHPHPEHU PH LV DOVR D IRUP RI ZRUVKLS DQG WKH VDPH LV WUXH ZLWK UHVSHFW WR P\ VXFFHVVRU µ$OL LEQ $EL ΝDOLE ´> @ ,W LV UHFRUGHG LQ WKH WUDGLWLRQV ³)RU WKH DFFHSWDQFH RI \RXU VXSSOLFDWLRQ VHQG ϙDODZDW ILUVW EHIRUH VXSSOLFDWLQJ ´> @ 1RW RQO\ WKH VHQGLQJ RI ϙDODZDW XSRQ KHDULQJ WKH QDPH RI WKH 3URSKHW 6 EXW DOVR ZULWLQJ LW DIWHU KLV QDPH KDV UHZDUG 7KH 3URSKHW 6 VDLG ³7KH DQJHOV DUH SUD\LQJ IRU WKH IRUJLYHQHVV RI DQ\RQH ZKR ZRXOG VHQG ϙDODZDW WR PH LQ KLV ERRN VR ORQJ DV P\ QDPH H[LVWV LQ WKDW ERRN ´ 7KH PDQQHU RI VHQGLQJ VDODZDW Βϔ Ϛώϋ ϓχϏϔ ψϕϕϑϙ ϕό Ϛώϋ Ίώϒ χϙ΀Μϛϔϔχώͥ ϏϚ Ϗϙ ϔχϘϘχϚϋϊ ϚώχϚ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϚϏϓϋ ϕό ϙϋϔϊϏϔύ ϙχϒDϝDϚͥ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟ ϕό ΖϛώχϓϓDG 6 VKRXOG GHILQLWHO\ EH PHQWLRQHG DORQJ ZLWK KLV QDPH RWKHUZLVH RQH¶V ϙDODZDW LV LQFRPSOHWH ^DEWDU` DQG GHIHFWLYH > @ Βϔ Ϛώϋ ΝχόϙLϘ ΍ϛϘϘ χϒ΀ΖχϔϚώXϘͥ ϏϚ Ϗϙ ϔχϘϘχϚϋϊ όϘϕϓ Ϛώϋ ΜχώLώ χϒ΀΋ϛϑώDϘLͥ ΜχώLώ ΖϛϙϒϏϓͥ Μϛϔχϔ ΝϏϘϓϏϊώLͥ Μϛϔχϔ ΗϏϙDͯLͥ Μϛϔχϔ ΊψX ΍DϝXϊͥ χϔϊ Μϛϔχϔ Βψϔ Ζχϐχώͥ ϝώϏωώ χϘϋ χϓϕϔύ Ϛώϋ ϓϕϙϚ ϏϓϖϕϘϚχϔϚ ΜϛϔϔL ψϕϕϑϙͥ ϚώχϚ ϙϕϓϋϕϔϋ χϙϑϋϊ Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ͧ ͰΠϋ ϑϔϕϝ ώϕϝ Ϛϕ ύϘϋϋϚ ϟϕϛ ͺϙχϒDϓͻͥ ψϛϚ ώϕϝ ϙώϕϛϒϊ ϝϋ ϙϋϔϊ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ Ϛϕ ϟϕϛͬͱ Νώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ ϙχϏϊͧ Ͱ΢ϕϛ ϙχϟͥ

È ǸōƸÈǷ Ê ȁÈ ǶȈǿơǂÌƥƛ ȄǴÙǟ Ê ȁ Ǳƕ È ƪÈȈÌǴōǏ ƢǸ È ǲŏǏ È ǯ ƾ È ǶōȀÉËǴǳÈƗ É Ǳƕ É ȄǴÙǟ È ƾÇǸōƸÈǷ ƾȈƴ Æ Ƿ Æ ƷÈ ǮÈōǻÊƛ ǶȈǿơǂÌƥƛ È ƾȈǸ

ͰΘ Ίϒϒχώͪ Μϋϔϊ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ ϕϔ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟ ϕό Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ χϙ ΢ϕϛ ώχϜϋ ϙϋϔϚ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ ϕϔ ΒψϘχώϏϓ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟ ϕό ΒψϘχώϏϓͨ ΢ϕϛ χϘϋ Ϛώϋ ΙϘχϏϙϋϝϕϘϚώϟ χϔϊ Αϕϒϟͨͱͼннйͽ Βϓχϓ χϙώ΀ΜώDόϏͯLͥ Ϛώϋ Ϗϓχϓ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΜώDόϏͯL ϙωώϕϕϒ ϕό ΜϛϔϔL ϐϛϘϏϙϖϘϛϊϋϔωϋͥ ϋϞϖϘϋϙϙϋϙ ϚώϏϙ Ϗϙϙϛϋ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ όϕϒϒϕϝϏϔύ ϖϕϋϓͧ

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸п ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

ÊǑ Ê ǺÈǷ Ê ǱȂǇ Ê ǂÌǬÉÌǳĞ Ȇǧ ƅơ Ê ǁÈ ƪÊȈÌÈƥ ǲÈǿÌÈƗ Ƣȇ ǾÈǳǄÈÌǻÈƗ ǹƕ Æ ǂÌÈǧ ǶÉǰÉŎƦƷ É ƅơ É ǯÈ È ǴÙǏ Ȑ ƧȂ ǰÉōǻƗ ǁÊƾÌǬÈÌǳĞ ǶȈǜ È Èǧ ǶÌǰÉȈÌǴÈǟÈ ǲŏǐÈÉȇ ǶÌÈǳ ǺÌǷ Ƕ Ê ǟÈ ǺÌǷÊ ǶÌǯƢǨ È ǾÈǳ

2 PHPEHUV RI WKH +RXVHKROG ^$KO DO %D\W` RI WKH 0HVVHQJHU RI $OODK /RYLQJ \RX LV DQ REOLJDWLRQ ZKLFK *RG KDV UHYHDOHG LQ WKH 4XU¶DQ 2Q WKH JUHDWQHVV DQG ORIWLQHVV RI \RXU VWDWLRQ LW LV HQRXJK WKDW DQ\RQH ZKR GRHV QRW LQYRNH EOHVVLQJV RQ \RX LQ LQYRNLQJ EOHVVLQJV RQ WKH 3URSKHW 6

LW LV DV LI KH KDV QRW LQYRNHG EOHVVLQJV DW DOO > @ <HV UHPHPEHULQJ 0XKDPPDG¶V SURJHQ\ LQ HYHU\ SUD\HU LQGLFDWHV WKDW DIWHU WKH 3URSKHW 6 ZH KDYH WR UHIHU WR KLV $KO DO %D\W 6 DQG QRW WR RWKHUV $QG LI LW LV QRW UHDOO\ VR PHQWLRQLQJ WKH QDPHV RI SHUVRQV ZKRVH SDWK LV QRW QHFHVVDU\ WR WUHDG HVSHFLDOO\ LQ HYHU\ SUD\HU ZRXOG EH DQ DFW RI H[WUHPLVP $ FHUWDLQ SHUVRQ ZDV FOLQJLQJ VWHDGIDVWO\ WR WKH .DµEDK DQG VHQGLQJ ϙDODZDW EXW QRW LQFOXGLQJ WKH SURJHQ\ RI 0XKDPPDG 6 ,PDP Dϙ ΜDϊϏϗ ϙχϏϊͧ ͰΝώϏϙ Ϗϙ χϔ χωϚ ϕό ϏϔϐϛϙϚϏωϋ χύχϏϔϙϚ ϛϙͨͱͼннлͽ Νώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ϕό ΐϕϊ ͸Μ͹ ϙχϏϊͧ ͰΝώϕϙϋ ϝώϕ ϝϕϛϒϊ ϊϋϖϘϏϜϋ ϓϟ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟ ϕό ϙχϒDϝDϚ ωχϔϔϕϚ ϙϓϋϒϒ Ϛώϋ όϘχύϘχϔωϋ ϕό ϖχϘχϊϏϙϋ ϕϔ Ϛώϋ ΍χϟ ϕό ΛϋϙϛϘϘϋωϚϏϕϔͨͱͼннмͽ ΜϏϓϏϒχϘϒϟͥ χϙϙϋϓψϒϏϋϙ ϝώϋϘϋ Ϛώϋ Ηχϓϋ ϕό ΐϕϊ χϙ ϝϋϒϒ χϙ ϚώχϚ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ χϔϊ ώϏϙ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟ χϘϋ ϔϕϚ ϓϋϔϚϏϕϔϋϊ ϝϏϒϒ ψϋ χ ϙϕϛϘωϋ ϕό ϘϋύϘϋϚ ϕϔ Ϛώϋ ΍χϟ ϕό ΛϋϙϛϘϘϋωϚϏϕϔͨͼнннͽ ΒϚ Ϗϙ ϏϔϚϋϘϋϙϚϏϔύ ϋϔϕϛύώ ϚώχϚ ϏϚ Ϗϙ Ϛώϛϙ ϘϋωϕϘϊϋϊ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ϚϘχϊϏϚϏϕϔϙͧ ͰΠώϋϔ Ϛώϋ ϔχϓϋ ϕό ϕϔϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊ Ϗϙ ϓϋϔϚϏϕϔϋϊͥ ϙϋϔϊ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ όϏϘϙϚ Ϛϕ Ζϛώχϓϓχϊ χϔϊ ώϏϙ ϖϘϕύϋϔϟͥ χϔϊ Ϛώϋϔ ϏϔϜϕϑϋ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ χϔϊ ϙχϒϛϚχϚϏϕϔ ϕϔ ϚώχϚ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚͨͱͼнноͽ Νώϋ ΖϋϙϙϋϔύϋϘ ϕό Ίϒϒχώ ͸Μ͹ ϙχϏϊͧ ͰΝώϋ Ϙϋχϒ ϓϏϙϋϘ Ϗϙ ώϋ ϝώϕ ώϋχϘϙ ϓϟ ϔχϓϋ ψϛϚ ϊϕϋϙ ϔϕϚ ϙϋϔϊ ϙχϒDϝDϚ Ϛϕ ϓϋͨ Αϋ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϓϕϙϚ ϛϔϑϏϔϊ χϔϊ ϛϔόχϏϚώόϛϒ χϓϕϔύ ϖϋϕϖϒϋͨͱͼннпͽ 6DODP ΊόϚϋϘ ϘϋωϏϚϏϔύ ϙχϒDϝDϚͥ ϝϋ ύϏϜϋ ϚώϘϋϋ Ϛϟϖϋϙ ϕό ϙχϒDϓ ͺϙχϒϛϚχϚϏϕϔͻͧ όϏϘϙϚ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ΖϋϙϙϋϔύϋϘ ϕό Ίϒϒχώ ͸Μ͹ͥ ϙϋωϕϔϊ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ϙχϏϔϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊͥ χϔϊ όϏϔχϒϒϟ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ψϋϒϏϋϜϋϘϙ χϔϊ ϕϛϘ ωϕ΀ϘϋϒϏύϏϕϔϏϙϚϙͨ Βϔ Ϛώϋ ϜϋϘϙϋͥ ³,QYRNH EOHVVLQJV RQ KLP DQG LQYRNH 3HDFH XSRQ

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸р ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

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Ê ƨÉǸÈƷÌǁÈ ȁÈ ȄÊƦōǼǳĞ ƢȀŎȇÈơ ǮÈȈÌǴÈǟ ǾÉƫƢǯǂÈÈƥ ȁÈ ƅơ È ǵȐ É ǈǳ ō Èơ Ŏ

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Ê ǟÊ ȄǴÙǟ Ê ƽƢƦ ǺȈ È ȁ ƢǼȈ É ǈǳ Ë ƅơ È ǴÈǟÈ ǵȐ È ƸÊÊǳƢǐǳơ ō Èơ

Ίϙ΀ϙχϒDϓϛ ͮχϒχϟϔD ϝχ ͮχϒD ͮϏψDϊϏϒϒDώϏͯϙ΀ϙDϒϏώLϔͪ ͰΖχϟ ϖϋχωϋ ψϋ ϛϖϕϔ ϛϙ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϘϏύώϚϋϕϛϙ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚϙ ϕό Ίϒϒχώͪͱ ΝώϏϙ ϙχϒDϓ Ϗϔωϒϛϊϋϙ χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϖχϙϚ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙͥ ϚώϋϏϘ ϙϛωωϋϙϙϕϘϙ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϏϔόχϒϒϏψϒϋ ΒϓDϓϙͨ ΐϕϊ χϒϙϕ ϙϋϔϊϙ ψϒϋϙϙϏϔύϙ χϔϊ ψϋϔϋϊϏωϚϏϕϔ ϛϖϕϔ ΑϏϙ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙ µD ³3HDFH EH WR WKH DSRVWOHV ´> @ ³3HDFH EH WR 1RDK ´> @ ³3HDFH EH WR $EUDKDP ´> @ ³3HDFH EH WR 0RVHV DQG $DURQ ´> @ ΝώϘϕϛύώ Ϛώϋ ϙχϒDϓͥ ϝϋ χϚϚχωώ ϕϛϘϙϋϒϜϋϙ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ϘϏύώϚϋϕϛϙ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊ΂χϔ χϚϚχωώϓϋϔϚ χϔϊ ϘϋϒχϚϏϕϔϙώϏϖ ϝώϏωώ χϘϋ ψϋϟϕϔϊ Ϛώϋ ψϕϛϔϊϙ ϕό ϚϏϓϋ χϔϊ ϙϖχωϋͥ ϝϏϚώ χϒϒ Ϛώϋ ϖϛϘϏόϏϋϊ χϔϊ ϘϏύώϚϋϕϛϙ ϕϔϋϙ ϚώϘϕϛύώϕϛϚ ώϏϙϚϕϘϟͥ Ϗϔ χϒϒ ϋϖϕωώϙ χϔϊ ύϋϔϋϘχϚϏϕϔϙͨ Νώϋϔͥ ϏϚ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϚϛϘϔ ϕό ϕϛϘ όϋϒϒϕϝ ψϋϒϏϋϜϋϘϙ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϋϙϋϔϚ ϚϏϓϋͨ Πϋ ϙϋϔϊ ϕϛϘ ϙχϒDϓϙ ϛϖϕϔ Ϛώϕϙϋ ϝώϕ ώχϜϋ ϖχϘϚϏωϏϖχϚϋϊ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ωϕϔύϘϋύχϚϏϕϔ ϕό ΖϛϙϒϏϓϙ ϝώϕ ώχϜϋ ψϋϋϔ ϙϚχϔϊϏϔύ ϝϏϚώ ϛϙ Ϗϔ Ϙχϔϑϙ χϙ ϝϋϒϒ χϙ ϛϖϕϔ Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϒϙ ϝώϕ χϘϋ ϖϘϋϙϋϔϚ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ωϕϔύϘϋύχϚϏϕϔ ϕό ΖϛϙϒϏϓϙ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ Ϛϝϕ χϔύϋϒϙ ϝώϕ χϘϋ χϙϙϏύϔϋϊ Ϛϕ ϋχωώ ϕό ϛϙͧ

Ê ƨÉǸÈƷÌǁÈ ȁÈ ǶÌǰÉȈÌǴÈǟÈ ǵȐ ǾÉƫƢǯǂÈÈƥ ȁ É ǈǳ È ƅơ ō Èơ

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όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸с ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

Ͱ0D\ $OODK¶V SHDFH PHUF\ DQG EOHVVLQJV EH XSRQ \RX ͱ Πϋ ωϕϓϓϋϔωϋ Ϛώϋ ϖϘχϟϋϘ ϝϏϚώ Ϛώϋ Ηχϓϋ ϕό ΐϕϊ χϔϊ ϋϔϊ ϏϚ ϝϏϚώ ϙχϒDϓ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ωϘϋχϚϛϘϋϙ ϕό Ίϒϒχώͨ Βϔ Ϛώϋϙϋ ϙχϒϛϚχϚϏϕϔϙͥ Ϛώϋ ώϏϋϘχϘωώϟ Ϗϙ ϕψϙϋϘϜϋϊͨ Πϋ ϙϋϔϊ ϕϛϘ ϙχϒDϓ όϏϘϙϚ ϛϖϕϔ Ϛώϋ ΖϋϙϙϋϔύϋϘ ϕό Ίϒϒχώͥ Ϛώϋϔ ϛϖϕϔ Ϛώϋ ϖϘϕϖώϋϚϙͥ Ϛώϋ ϙχϏϔϚϙ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϘϏύώϚϋϕϛϙͥ χϔϊ Ϛώϋϔ Ϛώϋ ψϋϒϏϋϜϋϘϙ χϔϊ όϕϒϒϕϝϋϘϙͨ 7KH SK\VLRJQRP\ RI VDODP R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ ϕϔϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ Ηχϓϋϙ ϕό ΐϕϊͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙχϒϛϚχϚϏϕϔ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϊϝϋϒϒϋϘϙ ϕό ϖχϘχϊϏϙϋ Ϛϕ ϕϔϋ χϔϕϚώϋϘͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ύϘϋϋϚϏϔύ ϕό Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϒϙ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϚϏϓϋ ϕό ϋϔϚϋϘϏϔύ Ϛώϋ ϖχϘχϊϏϙϋͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϓϋϙϙχύϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ Ίϒϒ΀ϓϋϘωϏόϛϒ ΕϕϘϊͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϘϋωϋϖϚϏϕϔ ϕό Ϛώϋ ΗϏύώϚ ϕό ΘϘϊχϏϔϓϋϔϚ ͺϒχϟϒχώ χϒ΀ϗχϊϘͻͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ όϏϘϙϚ ϘϏύώϚ ϕό ΖϛϙϒϏϓϙ ϛϖϕϔ ϕϔϋ χϔϕϚώϋϘͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϑϋϟ Ϛϕ ωϕϓϓϋϔωϏϔύ χϔϟ ϊϏϙωϕϛϘϙϋ ϕϘ ϝϘϏϚϏϔύͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϊϋϋϊ ϕό ϙϋωϛϘϏϚϟ όϘϕϓ ϋϜϋϘϟ ϙϕϘϚ ϕό όϋχϘ χϔϊ ϋϜϏϒͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙϏϓϖϒϋϙϚ ύϕϕϊ ϊϋϋϊͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙϟϓψϕϒ ϕό ώϛϓϏϒϏϚϟ χϔϊ ϓϋϋϑϔϋϙϙͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϋϒϋϓϋϔϚ ϕό ϒϕϜϋ χϔϊ ϏϔϚϏϓχωϟͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϋϞϖϘϋϙϙϏϕϔ ϕό ϖϋχωϋ χϔϊ χϓϏϚϟͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ όϏϘϙϚ ύϏόϚ χϔϊ ϖϘϋϙϋϔϚ ψϋϚϝϋϋϔ Ϛϝϕ ώϛϓχϔ ψϋϏϔύϙͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϝϏϙώ όϕϘ Ϛώϋ ϙχόϋϚϟ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϙϋϘϜχϔϚϙ ϕό ΐϕϊͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ωχϒϒ όϕϘ ϝϕϘϒϊ ϖϋχωϋͨ όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸т ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ώχϘψϏϔύϋϘ ϕό ώϕϖϋ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ψϋχϘϋϘ ϕό ϐϕϟͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϋόόχωϋϘ ϕό ϖχϙϚ ϕόόϋϔϙϋϙͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ χϔϔϕϛϔωϋϓϋϔϚ ϕό ϖϘϋϙϋϔωϋ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϖϋϘϓϏϙϙϏϕϔ Ϛϕ ϋϔϚϋϘͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ψϋϙϚ ϝϕϘϊ χϚ Ϛώϋ ϚϏϓϋ ϕό ϋϔϚϘχϔωϋ χϔϊ ϋϞϏϚͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ χ ϝϕϘϊ ϝώϏωώ Ϗϙ ϒϏύώϚ ϕϔ Ϛώϋ Ϛϕϔύϛϋ ψϛϚ ώϋχϜϟ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ϙωχϒϋͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϝχϟ όϕϘ Ϛώϋ ϘϋόϕϘϓϋϘϙ Ϛϕ ϘϋόϕϘϓ Ϛώϋ ϙϕωϏϋϚϟͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϝϕϘϊ χϊϊϘϋϙϙϋϊ Ϛϕ ψϕϚώ Ϛώϋ ϊϋχϊ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϒϏϜϏϔύͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϙϕϛϘωϋ ϕό ύϒϕϘϟ χϔϊ ύϘχϔϊϋϛϘͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϋϒϋϓϋϔϚ όϕϘ ϋχϘϔϏϔύ Ϛώϋ ϖϒϋχϙϛϘϋ ϕό ΐϕϊ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ χϔύϋϘ ϕό ΜχϚχϔͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϓϋχϔϙ ϕό ϋϔϚϘχϔωϋ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϊϏϜϏϔϋ ϙϋωϘϋϚϙ ϏϔϚϕ Ϛώϋ ώϋχϘϚͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ωϕϓϖϋϔϙχϚϕϘ όϕϘ ϙϏϔϙ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϋϔώχϔωϋϘ ϕό ύϕϕϊ ϊϋϋϊϙͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϓϋϙϙϋϔύϋϘ ϕό όϋϒϒϕϝϙώϏϖ χϔϊ όϘϏϋϔϊϙώϏϖͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ χύϋϔϚ ϚώχϚ ωϘϛϙώϋϙ ϜχϔϏϚϟ χϔϊ ϋύϕϏϙϓͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ ϊϏϜϏϔϋ ωϕϛϘϚϋϙϟͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ϘϋωϋϖϚϏϕϔ ϕό χϒϒ ϚώχϚ Ϗϙ ύϕϕϊ χϔϊ ϝώϕϒϋϙϕϓϋͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ χ όϕϘϓ ϕό ϖϋϘόϋωϚϏϕϔ Ϛώϋ χψχϔϊϕϔϓϋϔϚ ϕό ϝώϏωώ ϙϏύϔϏόϏϋϙ ϙϚϏϔύϏϔϋϙϙͥ χϘϘϕύχϔωϋͥ ϙϋωϒϛϙϏϕϔͥ ϝϘχϚώͥ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ψϘϋχϑϏϔύ ϕό ϘϋϒχϚϏϕϔϙώϏϖ ϚϏϋϙͨ R ΜχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϛώϋ ωϒϕϛϊ ϕό ϓϋϘωϟ ϚώχϚ ϝϋ ϙϖϘϋχϊ ϕϛϚ ϕϜϋϘ Ϛώϋ ϖϋϕϖϒϋͥ χϔϊ χϙ ϙϛωώͥ ϝϋ ϙχϟͧ ͰΊϙ΀ϙχϒDϓϛ ͮχϒχϟϑϛϓͱ ͺΖχϟ ϖϋχωϋ ψϋ ϛϖϕϔ ϟϕϛͻ ϏϔϙϚϋχϊ ϕό ͰΊϙ΀ϙχϒχϓϛ ϒχϑϛϓͱ ͺΖχϟ ϖϋχωϋ ψϋ Ϛϕ ϟϕϛͻͨ

Νώϋ Αϕϒϟ ΙϘϕϖώϋϚ ͸Μ͹ ϛϙϋϊ Ϛϕ ϙχϟͧ ͰΒ ϙώχϒϒ ϔϋϜϋϘ χψχϔϊϕϔ Ϛώϋ ϖϘχωϚϏωϋ ϕό ύϘϋϋϚϏϔύ ωώϏϒϊϘϋϔ Ϗϔ ϓϟ ϒϏόϋͨͱͼнолͽ ΊϒϚώϕϛύώ ϕόόϋϘϏϔύ ϙχϒDϓ Ϗϙ Ϙϋωϕϓϓϋϔϊϋϊ χϔϊ ϘϋϖϒϟϏϔύ Ϛϕ όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸кй ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

ϏϚ Ϗϙ ϕψϒϏύχϚϕϘϟͥ Ϛώϋ ϘϋϝχϘϊ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ ϝώϕ όϏϘϙϚ ϕόόϋϘϙ Ϛώϋ ϙχϒDϓ Ϗϙ кй ϚϏϓϋϙ ϓϕϘϋ Ϛώχϔ ϚώχϚ ϕό Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ ϝώϕ ϙϏϓϖϒϟ ϘϋϖϒϏϋϙͨ Πϋ Ϙϋχϊ Ϗϔ Ϛώϋ ϚϘχϊϏϚϏϕϔϙ ϚώχϚ Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ ϘϏϊϏϔύ ώχϙ Ϛϕ ωϕϔϜϋϟ ϙχϒDϓ όϏϘϙϚ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ ϝχϒϑϏϔύͦ Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ ϙϚχϔϊϏϔύ Ϛϕ Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ ϙϏϚϚϏϔύͦ χϔϊ Ϛώϋ ϕϔϋ χϘϘϏϜϏϔύ Ϛϕ Ϛώϕϙϋ ϝώϕ χϘϋ ϙϏϚϚϏϔύ Ϗϔ χϔ DVVHPEO\ > @ $QG WKH 4XU¶DQ WKXV H[KRUWV

Ê Ǻǈ Ƃ ƢȀǼÈǷ É ƿÈÊƛ ȁÈ ƃ È ƷÌƘÈÊƥ ơȂŎȈƸÈÈǧ ƨÇȈōƸÊƬÈÊƥ ǶƬȈÉŏȈƷ ơ

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Ê ƨÉǸÈƷÌǁÈ ȁÈ ǶÌǰÉȈÌǴÈǟÈ ǵȐ ǾÉƫƢǯǂÈÈƥ ȁ É ǈǳơ È ƅơ ō ȁÈ

0D\ $OODK·V SHDFH PHUF\ DQG EOHVVLQJV EH XSRQ \RX

ΗϕϚϋϙͧ

> @ 6XUDK $O µ,PUDQ > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO ³%DE DW 7DKOLO ZD )DϊODK ´ > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ ,W UHIHUV WR 6XUDK DQ 1LVD¶ ³'R QRW VD\ WR VRPHRQH ZKR RIIHUV \RX SHDFH µ<RX DUH QRW D EHOLHYHU¶ ´ > @ -DPLµ DO $ώDGLWK YRO S > @ )DUD] KD¶L D] 7DULNK H ,VODPL ^+LJKOLJKWV RI ,VODPLF +LVWRU\` S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ 6XUDK DW 7DώULP > @ 6XUDK $O µ,PUDQ ³:KHQ $OODK WRRN D FRPSDFW FRQFHUQLQJ WKH SURSKHWV ^+H VDLG ` µ,QDVPXFK DV , KDYH JLYHQ \RX RI WKH %RRN DQG ZLVGRP VKRXOG DQ DSRVWOH FRPH WR \RX WKHUHDIWHU FRQILUPLQJ ZKDW LV ZLWK \RX \RX VKDOO EHOLHYH LQ KLP DQG KHOS KLP ¶ +H VDLG µ'R \RX SOHGJH DQG DFFHSW 0\ FRYHQDQW RQ WKLV FRQGLWLRQ"¶ 7KH\ VDLG µ:H SOHGJH ¶ +H VDLG µ7KHQ EH ZLWQHVVHV DQG , DP DOVR DPRQJ WKH ZLWQHVVHV DORQJ ZLWK \RX¶ ´ > @ 6XUDK /XTPDQ > @ 6XUDK DO ,VUD¶ RU %DQL ,VUD¶LO > @ 6XUDK DO %DTDUDK > @ 6XUDK DO ,VUD¶ RU %DQL ,VUD¶LO όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸кк ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

> @ 6XUDK ΜDG > @ 6XUDK DO 0XQDILTXQ > @ 6XUDK DVK 6KXUD ³6D\ , GR QRW DVN RI \RX DQ\ UHZDUG IRU LW H[FHSW WKH DIIHFWLRQ IRU ^P\` UHODWLYHV ´ > @ :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK YRO S > @ $O .DIL YRO S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK YRO S > @ 0LUµDK DO µ8TXO YRO S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK YRO S > @ 6XUDK DO $ώ]DE > @ 7DIVLU 1XU DWK 7KDTDOD\Q YRO S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ $V TXRWHG LQ 7DIVLU H 1HPXQHK YRO S > @ $V TXRWHG LQ 7DIVLU DO 0L]DQ YRO S ΜDώLώ DO %XNKDUL YRO S > @ $O *KDGLU YRO S TXRWLQJ 0XVQDG $ώPDG LEQ ΑDQEDO YRO S > @ :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK YRO S > @ :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK YRO S > @ $O .DIL YRO S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK YRO S > @ 6XUDK DO $ώ]DE > @ 6XUDK Dϙ ΜDόόDϚ мрͧкскͨ > @ 6XUDK Dϙ ΜDόόDϚ мрͧртͨ > @ 6XUDK Dϙ ΜDόόDϚ мрͧкйтͨ > @ 6XUDK Dϙ ΜDόόDϚ мрͧклйͨ > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ %LώDU DO $QZDU YRO S > @ 6XUDK DQ 1LVD¶

όϏϒϋͧͿͿͿΌ;Ϳ΍ϕωϛϓϋϔϚϙїлйχϔϊїлйΜϋϚϚϏϔύϙͿϓϋώϠχϊͨϙχώχϘͿ΍ϋϙϑϚϕϖͿϕωϚїлйлтїлйлйклͿχ΀ωϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ΀ϕϔ΀ϖϘχϟϋϘ΀ϓϛώϙϏϔ΀ϗχϘχχϚϏͿкмͨώϚϓ ͸кл ϕό кл͹кйͿктͿлйкл оͧймͧнп ΙΖ

Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

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Ί ΌϕϓϓϋϔϚχϘϟ ϕϔ ΙϘχϟϋϘ

7DIVLU $ϚLE DO %D\DQ 7DIVLU %XUKDQ 7DIVLU .DQ] DG 'DTD¶LT 7DIVLU H 1HPXQHK 7DIVLU 1XU DWK 7KDTDOD\Q 7DPDVKDJDK H 5D] :DVD¶LO DVK 6KLµDK =D\G LEQ µ$OL

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TOC: A Commentary on Prayer

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TOC: A Commentary on Prayer

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TOC: A Commentary on Prayer

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Chapter 3 7DNELUDK DO ,KUDP $OODKX DNEDU ^$OODK LV JUHDWHU` 7DNELU LQ RWKHU SUD\HUV +RZ ZH VKRXOG UHFLWH WKH WDNELU LQ SUD\HU 7KH PHDQLQJ RI WDNELU 7DNELU LQ ,VODPLF FXOWXUH

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TOC: A Commentary on Prayer

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Chapter 5 6XUDK DO ,NKODV 7KH LPSRUWDQFH RI 6XUDK DO ,NKODV Â³4XO KXZDÂ¶OODKX DKDGÂ´ ^6D\ Âµ+H LV $OODK WKH 2QHÂ¶` Â³$OODKXÂ¶V VDPDGÂ´ Â³/DP \DOLG ZD ODP \XODGÂ´ Â³:D ODP \DNXQ ODKX NXIXZDQ DKDGÂ´

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TOC: A Commentary on Prayer

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Chapter 8 4XQXW

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Chapter 9 7DVKDKKXG DQG 6DODP 7DVKDKKXG 7KH VORJDQ RI WDZKLG 3ULVWLQH 7DZKLG 7HVWLPRQ\ WR WKH $SRVWOHVKLS 6DODZDW 7KH PDQQHU RI VHQGLQJ VDODZDW 6DODP 7KH SK\VLRJQRP\ RI VDODP

Chapter 10 %LEOLRJUDSK\

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