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Group 1 - Week 2 JUN WANG & XIANGJIAN ZOU
Housing Heritage in Melbourne Existing Housing Type and Period Reinterpretation or Adaptation of Classing Housing Type (Main Stylistic Elemtnts) Show Examples
Housing Heritage in Melbourne
RESPECT PROTECT DIALOGUE LEARNING .........
HOUSING HERITAGE MAPPING As people travel out from Victoria, they can see growth rings as house styles have changed over time, sometimes gradually and sometimes with dramatic jumps. They reflect the attitudes and ideas of the time, and remain a built reminder of each era in Victoria’s history. These changing styles reflect the progress of Victoria through the goldrush boom, the depressions, the wars and our late 20th century prosperity, and are an expression of the values and lifestyle of that era. Whether from architectural style, setting or neighbourhood, each house has its own heritage which contributes to our sense of local identity, the character of the local area and our sense of place.
Bishopscourt, East Melbourne (1853) Style of Gothic Architecture
Cairo Flats (1936) “Minimum Flat Concept”
Como House (1847) Australian Regency style
D’Estaville, Kew (1859) Italianate-style
Labassa, Caulfield North (1862) French Renaissance Style
Lalor House, Richmond (1888) Classicism Style
McCrae Homestead, McCrae (1844) One of Victoria’s Oldest Homesteads
Stonnington Mansion, Malvern (1890) Italianate Victorian Style
Raheen, Kew (1870) Italianate Mansion
Rippon Lea Estate, Elsternwick (1868) Polychromatic Romanesque
Rupertswood, Sunbury (1876) Free Classical style
Newburn Flats (1941) European Modernist Ideals
EARLY VICTORIAN [1840–1860] THE HUMBLE BEGINNINGS
FITZROY - A PRIME EXAMPLE OF THE EARLY VICTORIAN STYLE
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Pitched, hipped roofs of timber shingles, slate or corrugated iron · Walls either: face brick, often from local brick making works; or rendered, often ruled into blocks to look like stone weatherboards, usually square edged but sometimes with a beaded edge · Windows, timber generally with small section sizes; often double hung but sometimes side opening casements; centrally placed · Limited ornamentation
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Roofs natural slate or shingles, galvanised metal sometimes painted to match slate · External walls generally variations of cream and brown with trims matching wood colours · Brickwork usually rendered and possibly limewashed, or painted weatherboards
MID VICTORIAN [1860–1875]
Built in the 1870s,Saint Michael’s’,in the heart of Bungendore
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Walls sometimes multi-coloured brickwork in decorative patterns or rendered, some bluestone construction · Timber houses generally have square-edged weatherboards, sometimes with incised weatherboards simulating blocks of stonework · Decorative brackets under eaves · Windows generally timber double hung, sometimes in tripartite format at the front
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · External walls often left brown or red brick, with white or cream bricks at corners and openings · Rendered walls left natural grey or sometimes lime-washed; timber houses painted to match stone colours · Trims, roofs and verandahs use the same darker, stronger colours as early Victorian style · Interiors painted in bands of lower wall, upper wall, ceiling, with smaller strips of highlight colours on cornices
LATE VICTORIAN [1875–1901] ORNATE, AND ALL LINED UP IN A ROW.
LATE VICTORIAN WITH LARGER THAN AVERAGE BONES
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Italianate elements such as rendered walls, tall parapets, arches and moulded ornaments · Multi-coloured and tuck-pointed brickwork · Timber houses generally have square-edged weatherboards, sometimes with incised weatherboards simulating blocks of stonework · Dense and even spread of ornamentation, including intricate iron lacework and complex tiled patterns on verandah floors and entry pathways · Tncreasing use of triple windows and blue and red coloured glass beside entry doors · Doorways and windows sometimes arched
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Where visible, slates on roofs sometimes laid in patterns using subtle colour changes · External walls red or brown brick, with white or cream bricks at corners; rendered walls usually left natural grey or limewashed in a colour · Trims similar to earlier Victorian styles, but colours stronger and more vivid
QUEEN ANNE [1895–1910] RARE
TEXTURE, DETAIL, AND LOTS OF IT!
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Steeply pitched terracotta tiled roofs, usually with a gable end facing the street; early examples may be slate with terracotta embellishments · Extensive decorative embellishment, including terracotta ridge cappings, finials, dragons and gargoyles; fretted frieze panels and post brackets, turned verandah posts, chimney cornices and terracotta pots · Leadlight or rectangles of coloured glass to windows · Fretwork featuring patterns ranging from geometric to extravagant art nouveau designs
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Strong colours, textures and ornament applied fairly evenly over the whole building · Red brickwork with flush joints and tiled roofs · Weatherboards on timber houses usually painted cream · Gable ends rough cast or stucco, sometimes left natural grey or painted cream · Timber mouldings and battens to gable ends usually painted a dark colour · Other woodwork painted cream, brown or green · Brickwork rarely painted, red oxide used in association with tuck-pointing
EDWARDIAN & FEDERATION [1901–WW1] STYLE WITH SUBSTANCE SIMPLE AND NO-NONSENCE
PARED BACK FENSTRATION OF A EDWARDIAN HOUSE, FITTING IN WITH THE VERANDAH’S TIMBER WORK
THE SIMPLE CHARM OF A GOOD FEDERATION PROPERTY
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Steeply-sloped, usually hipped roofs with wide eaves, sometimes prominent, front-facing gable ends · Walls of red brickwork with flush joints, sometimes with cream painted render to base and gable ends or in bands on larger buildings · Timber houses generally have square-edged or bull-nosed weatherboards, sometimes with incised weatherboards simulating blocks of stonework, painted cream · Return L-shaped verandahs, roofed with corrugated bull-nosed metal and generally embellished with timber details including fretwork · Windows often grouped · Sunshades, supported by timber brackets, are common on the north and west
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Roofs usually terracotta tiles or corrugated metal often painted, sometimes slate · Gable ends ornamented with roughcast or pebbledash, left natural and battens painted a dark colour · Verandahs increasingly feature timber fretwork rather than cast iron lace work ornamentation
BUNGALOW [1910–1930] CALIFORNIA DREAMING
NORTHCOTE BUNGALOW, SIMPLE AND WELL MANNERED
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Steeply-sloped, usually hipped roofs with wide eaves, sometimes prominent, front-facing gable ends · Walls of red brickwork with flush joints, sometimes with cream painted render to base and gable ends or in bands on larger buildings · Timber houses generally have square-edged or bull-nosed weatherboards, sometimes with incised weatherboards simulating blocks of stonework, painted cream · Return L-shaped verandahs, roofed with corrugated bull-nosed metal and generally embellished with timber details including fretwork · Windows often grouped · Sunshades, supported by timber brackets, are common on the north and west
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Roofs usually terracotta tiles or corrugated metal often painted, sometimes slate · Gable ends ornamented with roughcast or pebbledash, left natural and battens painted a dark colour · Verandahs increasingly feature timber fretwork rather than cast iron lace work ornamentation
INTER-WAR [1918–1939] SHIPS AND SAILS
SMOOTH LINES OF THE DECO ERA
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Simple plan forms · Ornamentation limited to the front porch, chimney and occasional brickwork patterning · Design emphasis on the horizontal, especially in window frame patterns
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Brickwork usually white, red or brown with darker highlights a variety of geometric patterns in brickwork on eaves, stepped arches over entry porches and chimneys · As more colours become available, paint schemes become increasingly eclectic · The distinction between main and detail colours evaporates
POST-WAR [1945–1965] STURDY AND SPACIOUS
CREAM BRICK AND STEEL FRAMED WINDOWS ARE THE SIGNATURE OF BRICK VENEER STRUCTURES
HOUSING ON THE FRONT THIRD OF THE BLOCK ALLOWS FOR OPPORTUNITY IN THE BACKYARD
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · Incorporation of carport or garage into house and increasing use of double garages, often with painted doors · Minimal use of decorative flourishes; often expressed in mass-produced elements such as brick / stone feature walls or chimneys, wrought iron porch posts / railings and wire mesh doors · Emergence of brick-veneer replacing double brick · Chimneys still common
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Colour schemes of whites, off whites and creams with brightly painted feature walls · Timber weatherboards often painted in pale creams and ivory · Bold uses of colour often eclectically applied
MODERN [1945–1970] & WAREHOUSE INDUSTRY AT HOME
UNIQUE ACCOMMODATION
MODERN ACCOMMODATION
EXTERIOR ELEMENTS · · · ·
Walls in bold rectilinear or sometimes in other geometric shapes Flat roofs Occasional bold, curved elements like a spiral stair, driveway or garden wall Wall-to-wall and floor-to-ceiling windows combined with blank walls and small windows like punched holes · Houses sometimes raised above ground on thin columns, so that they seem to float
EXTERIOR COLOURS
DESIGN NOTES · Columns, balustrades and other necessary but incidental elements made as thin as possible · Cream or salmon pink bricks; render or fibre cement walls painted white or cream · Timber or steel window frames often painted white · Colours used in small areas, usually primary red, yellow or blue, sometimes green, orange or pastels
TIMELINE FOR HOUSING TYPE
[1840–1860] EARLY VICTORIAN
[1860–1875] MID VICTORIAN
[1875–1901] LATE VICTORIAN
[1895–1910] QUEEN ANNE
[1901–WW
EDWARDIAN&FE
W1]]
EDERATION
[1910–1930]
[1918–1939]
[1945–1965]
[1945–1970]
BUNGALOW
INTER-WAR
POST-WAR
MODERN
Case Study
Wellington St Mixed Use Apartment By Australian architect Matt Gibson ST KILDA, VIC, AUSTRALIA
INTRODUCTION The use of Melbourne's narrow space and the brief called for an adaptable building model housing providing a flexible platform to house a multi-generational household and commercial use on the ground level. Multi-gen living is become more prevalent in Australia, driven partly by the housing aordability crisis but also because it oers convenience, better amenity and keeps costs low through shared resource and family support-Match the IBA Challenges. The irregularly stacked boxes that form the house allow it to be segmented vertically to cater to dierent generations of the family.
POPULATION PROBLEM By 2050 Melbourne will be 8 million, doubling it’s population in just 30 years. Apartment living is one answer to population boom. Another answer is flexible in the use of the land that densifys across zones incorporating vertical infill living options and through using multi-gen and co-living formats where resources may be shared to enable higher quality built environments and more affordable living options.
INTERACTIVE SPACE An atrium at the centre of the plan brings light into all of the living spaces, and gives a visual connection between the house's levels. Mechanical shades have been installed above this atrium so protect it when the sun is at its highest during summer. And this area is also a mixed space where people can communicate or do some social activities to meet different people’s needs. So, this space has more possibilities.
The first to third storeys have three clearly defined zones. The communal spaces such as the living and dining room, the private bedroom spaces, and finally the "retreat" spaces are all arranged inside different boxes.
Roof terraces on the second and third floor provide outdoor places to relax with views over the city.
SPACE DEFINITION The spaces are deďŹ ned by apertures which overview the constantly changing views of the city and the surrounding dynamic urban landscape of the freeway. Sunlight ďŹ lters through the large trees to the north while neighbouring heritage buildings and roofscapes are framed to the south.
MULTI-GEN AND CO-LIVING Living and sleeping spaces at the northern and southern ends occupy the full building width. Each bedroom features its own bathroom and breakout space. The rise of multi-gen and co-living environments reflect the wider pattern of Australian households adapting to population growth, housing affordability and changing lifestyles.
Competition Brief Themes GROUP 2: Site Planning + Density Amber Young + Zhuoqing LI (Eve)
01 Site Size & Height Requirement Site Overview The Overview: • It deliberately does not ask for one-off bespoke design responses to unique locations. The reverse is the case. The Student Competition explicitly invites design responses that are prototypic, replicable and scalable. • As such, in providing a de-identified site with relatively standard features, a highly specific response to neighbourhood character and history are not expected and would be inappropriate. The Site: • The lot size is a consolidation of two lots, three lots, or four lots. Competitors can provide an indication of how their design proposal would adapt to a variety of different plot configurations. • Each block is approximately 15.1 x 42.6 metres(approx. 643.3sqm), located immediately adjacent to each other, with an east-west orientation. • The site is flat with no topographic variation.
Maximum Building Height •
In accordance with the GRZ, any building height must not exceed 11 metres and contain no more than 3 storeys at any point.
Measure the Building Height
01 Site Size & Height Requirement Two Lots
•
Three Lots
Site Area: 1286.5 m2
•
Four Lots
•
Site Area: 2573.0 m2
Site Area: 1938.3 m2
01 Site Size & Height Requirement
Design Elements to Avoid • • • • • • • • •
Site services dominating building facade Car parking located within front setback Bicycle parking located in a visually prominent manner within the front setback Excessive use of concrete at ground level Excessive use of planter boxes - consider inclusion of deep soil planting Site service cupboards visually distinguishable on the front facade Excessive highlight windows and blank walls to the street Continuous streets of boundary to boundary development with no building separation Excessive screening of windows and balconies
Set Back • Existing Setback: Front setbacks of existing original dwellings vary between 7.5 - 9 metres Recent infill developments have lesser front setbacks ranging between 5.7 metres • Standard B6 Street Set Back: Encourage exploration of responding to front setback by taking a wider view of adjoining properties (not just the average of the two directly abutting properties). • Standard B17 Side & Rear Setbacks Encourage consideration of setbacks as it relates to impact on amenity. Compliance with B17 doesn’t mean amenity is protected, conversely non compliance with standard B17 doesn’t mean amenity of adjoining properties aren’t protected.
01 Site Size & Height Requirement • Set Back - Daylight to Existing Windows Front setbacks of existing original dwellings vary between 7.5 - 9 metres Recent infill developments have lesser front setbacks ranging between 5.7 metres
•
Set Back - Daylight to North Facing Windows
Encourage exploration of responding to front setback by taking a wider view of adjoining properties (not just the average of the two directly abutting properties).
• Set Back - Daylight to Private Open Space Where sunlight to the secluded private open space of an existing dwelling is reduced, at least 75 per cent, or 40 square metres with minimum dimension of 3 metres, whichever is the lesser area, of the secluded private open space should receive a minimum of five hours of sunlight between 9 am and 3 pm on 22 September.
02 Site Coverage & Garden Space Requirements
Garden Space Definition • Any area on a lot with a minimum dimension of 1 metre that does not include: a. Dwelling or residential building, except for: - An eave, fascia or gutter that does not exceed a total width of 600mm; - A pergola; - Unroofed terraces, patios, decks, steps or landings less than 800mm in height; - A basement that does not project above ground level; - Any outbuilding that does not exceed a gross floor area of 10 square metres; - Domestic services normal to a dwelling or residential building; b. A driveway; or c. An area set aside for car parking
Garden Space Requirements • •
•
•
•
Landscape is an important part of Melbourne’s suburban amenity. At least 35 percent of the site must be designated as garden area. This Landscape response should consider and apply Better Apartments Standards, including deep soil planting with canopy trees and climate responsiveness in its design, maintenance and species selection. Opportunities for communal landscaping and private garden spaces are encouraged. Competitors are asked to consider how circulation space can provide informal social gathering spaces, facilitating informal meetings and providing spaces for residents to gather and socialise. Competitors are encouraged to demonstrate how garden areas and communal open space areas could accommodate productive gardens, to help build stronger communities. Green roofs and walls are allowed however, three storey height limit and 11 metre maximum height needs to be observed.
02 Site Coverage & Garden Space Requirements
Communal Open Space Requirements
The Area of Communal Open Space: • Developments with 12 dwellings or fewer ideally provide a minimum area of communal open space of 30 square metres. • Developments of 13 dwellings or more ideally provide a minimum area of communal open space of 2.5 square metres per dwelling or 250 square metres,whichever is the lesser. • Communal open space should ideally allow for deep planting to support the planting of canopy trees Other shared facilities may be included, such as recreational areas, multi-use spaces (indoors or outdoors), or other functions to improve the amenity and enjoyment of the complex for residents. (This might include, but is not limited to clothes drying facility, communal gardens, BBQ areas, tables and chairs.) Location and Privacy: Consideration should also be given to the location of bedrooms in relation to shared communal and entertainment spaces. Shared communal spaces can be located at the ground floor, on terraces , internal to buildings or on the rooftop of buildings. (If shared spaces are being provided on the roof, height and storey limits must be complied with unless you can provide justifiable reasoning to exceed the height limit.- Sun shades and pergolas contained on rooftops are not included in the height limit calculation. However, verandahs and covered stairwells are included.) Waste Management: Sufficient space must be provided for waste and recycling storage. Consider future proofing measures to ensure that building-wide system are adaptable to future changes in waste management.
02 Site Coverage & Garden Space Requirements Private Open Space Requirements The Area of Private Open Space: • An area of 15 sqm, with a minimum dimension of 3m at ground floor or other similar base and convenient access from a living room; or • A balcony with an area and dimension specified in Table B8 to Clause 55.07-9 of the VPP (refer to data pack) • If a cooling or heating unit is located on the balcony, the balcony should provide an additional area of 1.5sqm Other Consideration: Competitors may choose to provide an alternative private open space strategy, provided it can be demonstrated that the quality of the shared open space is suitable for the reasonable recreational and service needs of residents. Competitors should maximise the amenity of balcony and outdoors spaces, taking into consideration the need for visual privacy and acoustic separation.
Permeability (Standard B9) Definition of Permeable Area: • Water cannot penetrate an impervious surface. An impervious surface includes a dwelling, a garage or carport, a veranda, a garden shed, a footpath, a swimming pool, outdoor paved areas, a driveway or any other sealed surface. • At least 20 per cent of the site should have surfaces that can absorb water – such as garden beds, lawn and other unsealed surfaces. This can include driveways, footpaths and outdoor entertaining areas, provided the materials used for their construction are previous. Requirement of Permeable Area: Design response must provide no less than 20 percent permeability across the site.
02 Site Coverage & Garden Space Requirements
Canopy Cover Requirements
Two Lots • • • •
Site Area: 1286.5 m2 Garden Area (m2): 450.3 m2 min. (35% of total area minimum) Permeable Area (m2): 257.3 m2 min. (20% of total area minimum) Canopy Cover Area (m2): 96.5 m2 min. (7.5% of total area minimum)
02 Site Coverage & Garden Space Requirements Three Lots • • • •
Site Area: 1938.3 m2 Garden Area (m2): 678.4 m2 min. (35% of total area minimum)’ Permeable Area (m2): 387.7 m2 min. (20% of total area minimum) Canopy Cover Area (m2): 193.8 m2 min. (10% of total area minimum)
Four Lots • • • •
Site Area: 2573.0 m2 Garden Area (m2): 900.6 m2 min. (35% of total area minimum)’ Permeable Area (m2): 514.6 m2 min. (20% of total area minimum) Canopy Cover Area (m2): 386.0 m2 min. (15% of total area minimum)
03 Dwelling Size and Number
Dwelling sizes of fully enclosed areas should fall within the following ranges. Sufficient reasoning and justification may be employed to circumvent these minimums.
• •
The minimum internal bedroom dimension excludes the area required for a wardrobe. Living areas (excluding dining and kitchen) should have minimum internal room dimensions of: - Studio and one bedroom dwellings: 3.3m (width) and 10sqm area - Two or more bedroom dwelling: 3.6m (width) and 12 sqm area
Doors, Corridors and Walkways + Dwelling Entrance Doors to rooms on the ground floor (used for living, dining, bedroom, bathroom, kitchen, laundry and toilets should: • Be a minimum opening width of 850mm • Internal corridors/passageways a minimum width of 1200mm At least 50% of the dwellings should have: • A clear opening width of at least 850mm to the dwelling and main bedroom • Clear path with a minimum width of 1200mm that connects the dwelling entrance to the main bedroom, an adaptable bathroom and living area
03 Dwelling Size and Number
Dwelling Accessibility • Door Opening: Doorways to rooms used for living, dining, bathrooms, bedroom, kitchen, laundry and toilets should have a minimum clear opening width of 850mm • Kitchen: Kitchen space should be designed to support ease of movement between fixed benches with at least 1200mm clearance provided in front of fixed benches and fixed appliances such as oven and dishwasher. • Toilet: Sufficient inclusion of accessible toilet facilities is required across the Design. At least one toilet per dwelling should have clear width of 1200mm between the walls of the room (and the door swing) if located in a separate room, or between amenities if located in a combined bathroom. If the toilet is located within the bathroom, the toilet pan should be located in the corner of the room to enable the installation of grab rails at a later date where required. • Bathroom: At least one bathroom on the ground floor to have a hob-less shower recess with dimensions of 900mm x 900mm. A clear space of 1200mm x 1200mm should also be provided forward of the shower entry (refer to diagrams in the LHDG for more information). The shower referred above should be located in the corner of the room to enable installation of grab rails at a later date where required, or otherwise designed to provide equivalent future adaptation.
04 Bedroom Mix
Key objective of the Competition: •
•
•
To encourage the provision of greater housing choice for families, including families with children. Competitors are asked to consider bedroom numbers and configurations that promote a diverse range of family friendly homes, so that households of all compositions can choose to live in an apartment and not be restricted to detached homes and townhouses. The Victoria in Future Population Projection for middle ring suburbs of metropolitan Melbourne predicts the percentage of one, two and three bedroom dwellings for spatial areas. Projected Bedroom Mix Requirement For The Middle Ring Suburbs is as follows: - Studio apartments – maximum 10 percent - one bedroom – maximum 30 percent - two bedroom – maximum 50 percent - three bedrooms and above – minimum 50 percent
•
•
•
Bedrooms should not rely on borrowed light. Snorkel arrangements are strongly discouraged and must comply with the Windows Objective contained at Clause 55.07-14 of the Apartment Developments provision in the Victoria Planning Provisions (VPP) – refer to data pack for a copy of the provision. Flexible Dwelling Design: Competitors should include dwellings with a flexible dwelling design. For example, a one and a two bedroom dwelling combined to create a three bedroom dwelling or combining 2 x two bedroom dwellings to create a four bedroom dwelling. Wardrobes Requirements: Wardrobes should be designed to be a minimum of 600mm deep in each bedroom. Wardrobes are to have sliding doors.
05 Parking
Car Parking •
•
• •
Car parking is generally not permitted within the front setback in planning regulations. However, competitors can choose to challenge this, alongside demonstration of the benefits of this approach. Consider future-proofing parking provisions to allow for alternative uses such as markets, commercial opportunities, additional living facilities and other uses that may be able to be retrofit into parking. Parking may include garages, car ports and/or open to air. Where basement parking is chosen, it must be accessed via ramp.
Car Parking Requirement
05 Parking
Car Parking
Number of Car Parking Space : 1 Number of Car Parking Space : 1 Number of Car Parking Space : 2 Number of Car Parking Space : 2 Number of Car Parking Space : 2 Number of Car Parking Space : 2
Minimum Dimensions Of Car Parking Spaces And Accessways
Ramp Gradient
05 Parking
Bicycle Parking •
• •
•
Designs should provide a generous capacity for bicycle parking on site for residents and their visitors, with no less than one bicycle space per dwelling. Emerging vehicle types such as electric bicycles, scooters and the like should be considered. In providing bike parking, Competitors are asked to carefully consider visual amenity, safety, ease of use and convenient location. Bike parking dimensions to be as per the Bicycle Facilities provision contained at Clause 52.34 of the VPP (refer to data pack for a copy). Provide a space for a bicycle of minimum dimensions of 1.7 metres in length, 1.2 metres in height and 0.7 metres in width at the handlebars.
The Bicycle Facilities Requirement
06 Type Mix
•
•
•
The objective of the project is to increase density in the suburbs. Ultimately the density will be affected by the dwelling mix. Competitors should aim to achieve higher densities than the minimum while meeting other requirements of this brief. Competitors may incorporate townhouse dwellings within their design response, if a hybrid model is considered better able to meet the requirements of the Brief. The Competition is targeting an increase in housing density, as a key strategy in responding to the State’s population growth. For this reason, a minimum density of five to eight per single, unconsolidated lot is encouraged. However, for design responses that specifically target large household types, a lower density will be acceptable.
Developer Mix •
Design responses have the potential to be developed by volume builders, small scale builders, social housing providers and homeowners acting as owner builders • Consider in the building viability which kind of developer they may envisage working with • Consideration of alternative housing means Eg. build to rent, social housing mix, affordable housing mix, ageing in place, adaptive reuse
Competition Brief Themes Group 3/ w2.1 Sustainability and ecology: Environmental, social, psychological, economical, ecological. What is carbon zero. What are the latest, innovative systems for solar, water, heating cooling, etc. Mo Chen & Andrew Kurniawan
6.0 Sustainability 6.1 Contex - Climate and Carbon 6.2 Energy EďŹƒciency and Comfort 6.3 Green House Gas Emissions and Renewable Energy 6.4 Daylight, Solar Access and Mitigation 6.5 Ventilation 6.6 Heat Island 6.7 Sustainable Transport 6.8 Water 6.9 Landscape, Biodiversity, and Organic Waste 6.10 Materials and Construction [Group 4] 6.11 Waste
Carbon zero & Carbon Positive Definition of “Carbon Zero” Defined by the Australian Sustainable Built Environment Council (ASBEC) (Riedy et al. 2011), Carbon zero buildings have no net annual emissions from direct fuel combustion (e.g. burning natural gas) and electricity use from operation of building incorporated services.
Definition of “Carbon Positive” Carbon positive moves beyond carbon zero where more energy is produced on site than the building requires and feeding it back to the grid. So additional ‘positive’ or ‘net export’ contributions are made by carbon positive buildings.
The zero-carbon house MARTIN GODFREY COOK. This book covers comprehensive aspects of the zero-carbon house with case studies where principles which are successfully put into practice to save energy, carbon, money and the environment. Chapter 4, 6 and 7 are relevant.
Chapter 4 New Homes This chapter ďŹ rst explains the deďŹ nition of zero carbon house. Then it shows the evolution to achieve carbon neutrality in new homes through several case studies.
Case Study: New Autonomous House
Chapter 6 Communities Communities of zero-carbon houses are discussed in relation to the economies of zero carbon scale. Examples of such communities are given. Seven aspects are considered including: 1.Construction & Maintenance 2.Energy Use 3.Transport 4.Food 5.Consumer Goods 6.Business Services & infrastructure 7. Waste
Case Study: BedZED
Chapter 7 Lifestyle Examples of low-carbon lifestyles are provided with discussions around carbon footprints.
Steve’s three-planet lifestyle at BedZED
The performance and in-use experience of low to zero carbon technologies in an experimental energy home HORMAZABAL, NINA GILLOTT, MARK FORD, BRIN
This article discussed the experimental BASF house in UK. It is built to study the thermal performance to achieve a comfortable home that uses energy eďŹƒciently with low to zero carbon (LZC) technologies including: - a biomass boiler - ground-air heat exchanger - solar water heating - passive design features It uses quantitative data to understand system performances and uses qualitaive data to explain the numerical results in-depth through the perceptions of the occupants.
Improvement of a common approach to the design of passive ventilated apartments ŽELJKO JAKŠIĆ , MILAN TRIVUNIĆ , VERA MURGUL
This article deals with the problem of providing a good quality of indoor air which has a satisfactory level of humidity, temperature and circulation in the complex context of multistory buildings apartments. Relevant elements which influence a sustainable process of natural ventilation are analysed. Layouts sketches are used to discuss the sustainable concept of apartments functional organization.
Flowing air movements
Economic and exergy analysis of alternative plants for a zero carbon building complex TERLIZZESE, TIZIANO ZANCHINI, ENZO
The analysis in this article is based on a new zero carbon building complex to be constructed, in Northern Italy. It is composed of seven four-apartment houses and ďŹ ve two-apartment house. The feasibility of two zero carbon plants for heating, air conditioning and domestic hot water (DHW) supply are analysed with respect to conventional plants from both economic aspect and exergy aspect.
Building complex layout
House with 4 apartments
Town and terraced housing : for affordability and sustainability AVI FRIEDMAN
This books discussed economic and social aspects of row houses and town houses which allow a sustainable high density approach to habitation, slowing sprawl and creating energy-efficient affordable living. There is a systematic approach to cover the many aspects of townhouses from interior design, construction methods to issues of urban planning such as adjusting to the natural conditions of the site, street configurations and open spaces. Chapter 9 discussed the design of infill townhouses.
Preferences for sustainable, liveable and resilient neighbourhoods and homes: A case of Canberra, Australia TAPSUWAN, SORADA MATHOT, CLAIRE WALKER, IAIN BARNETT, GUY This paper uses a case study of 300 residents in Canberra, Australia to understand people’s preferences for characteristics of sustainable neighbourhoods and homes as there are increasing effort into designing homes and neighbourhoods that have builtin or retrofitted sustainable features. Most desirable features and least preferred features across all socio-economic groups and buying intentions are provided in the findings.
6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11
Social Sustainability
how does the building ďŹ t into social or civic agendas?
inclusive, secure and healthy communities, which are well-integrated into wider urban systems. It takes into consideration cultural values, norms and traditions, as well as lifestyles and behaviors of people who reside there to plan for needs like Social sustainability in housing means creating
transportation, required services, and social interaction.
keywords:social sustainability, social housing,
community, collective, multi-unit, participation/ participatory, bottom-up, etc.
Psychological Sustainability
how does the building promote healthy minds?
6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11
Social Sustainability & High Density Development PIA Queensland Conference Paper (2009)
This paper gives comperhensive insights on Social Sustainability in urban development. It includes multiple case studies, although these are in urban scale. Nevertheless, this paper can be useful to understand the basic concept and cities that was leading in this issue. Further, housing in these countries might be useful for precedents.
link(s): (https://www.planning.org.au/documents/item/1177)
Understanding Social Sustainability in Housing Form the Case Study “Wohnen Mit Uns” in Vienna and Adaptibility to Turkey PIA Queensland Conference Paper (2009)
This paper is referring to a real-life case study “Wohnen Mit Uns” or Living With Us, giving a thorough analysis on this housing model in Vienna. This includes its key aspects, such as accessibility and circulation, efficiency of planning, flexibility, etc. The paper will refer you to a specific project that you can research more thoroughly later and valuable bibliography.
link(s): (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318043006_Understanding_Social_Sustainability_in_Housing_Form_the_Case_Study_Wohnen_Mit_Uns_ in_Vienna_and_Adaptibility_to_Turkey)
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Wohnprojekt.Wien/ Hosuing Project.Vienna
link(s): (https://wohnprojekt.wien/)
Wohnen Mit Scharf! SUPERBLOCK
link(s): (https://www.archdaily.com/533040/wohnen-mit-alles-housing-superblock)
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Life Between Buildings Jan Gehl
This book mainly talks about how we can understand the qualities of public open spaces. It discusses about how we can move towards more lively and healthy public spaces. Although it might not be directly related to housing theme, the principles in this book can be useful to understand how our built environment can shape our behavior and community, particularly about the importance of interface in our buildings. The book can be downloaded from the link below.
link(s): (https://www.academia.edu/29430383/jan_Gehl_Life_Between_Buildings)
Pocket Neighborhoods Ross Chapin
The book describes inspiring pocket neighborhoods through stories of the people who live there, as well as the progressive planners, innovative architects, pioneering developers, craftspeople and gardeners who helped create them. The book oers multiple case studies and examples with plenty of images
link(s): (https://www.academia.edu/34512210/Pocket_Neighborhoods?email_work_card=view-paper)
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6.4
6.4
6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11
Daylight, Solar Access and Mitigation
keypoints: •
100% of dwellings have adequate daylight ...
Better
Apartment Standards • ...south-facing apartments is minimised • mitigate unwanted solar gain... appropriate shading strategies
Tesla Solar Roof
First debuted in 2016. It is basically a “concealed” PV panel system that has the same aesthetic as a normal roof tile. It is also has high durability compared to traditional roof tiles.
Walkable PV Floor
A prototype made by George Washington University, a non-slip semi-transparent Onyx Solar tiles. It meets the non-slip regulations and can withstands 400kg in the momentary load tests. The application is as simple as raised floor installation. link(s): (https://www.tesla.com/en_AU/solarroof) link(s): (https://medium.com/the-belnor-blog/the-worlds-first-walkable-renewable-energy-generating-photovoltaic-floor-f3767d02857d)
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6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11
6.5 Ventilation
keypoints: • 100 percent of dwellings should achieve effective cross ventilation • Better Apartment Standards. • respective strategies should be supported by concept drawings exploring suggested approach.
CityTree by Green City Solutions in London
•
equivalent to the work of 275 trees
•
Extracts particulate matter (PM) - soot, dirt and other pollutants from the air. Bacteria living on the moss digests PM Each CityTree costs 22,000 Euros Built in solar powered unit, rainwater collection system, nutrient tank and irrigation system
• • •
Cleans the air
link(s): (https://www.dezeen.com/2018/03/21/moss-covered-citytree-bench-combats-urban-pollution-london-uk/)
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6.6 Heat Island
6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 keypoints: • • • • •
roof, soft and hard surfaces Water bodies PV panels Shaded hardscape elements Areas directly to the south of vertical building elements, that are shaded by these elements at the summer solstice.
•
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) surface materials
• potential glare from very light-coloured materials
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6.7 Sustainable Transport
6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11
keypoints: • enable active transport lifestyles. •
Bicycle parking provision refer section 3.17
•
Safe charging
infrastructure
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6.8 Water
6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 keypoints: •
retain rainwater for reuse
•
help alleviate pressure on precinct infrastructure in storm
•
•
water events contribute to replenishing the ground water table. Waster Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) while also drought resistant (landscape)
Raingardens
Rain garden is gardens that are designed to ďŹ lter stormwater runo from surrounding areas or stormwater pipes. It is also a bioretention system that can treat stormwater before it is discharged, preventing over-nutrient/ pollution that can cause damage to wider ecology.
link(s): (https://www.melbournewater.com.au/building-and-works/stormwater-management/options-treating-stormwater/raingardens)
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6.9 Landscape, Biodiversity, and Organic Waste
6.9 6.10 6.11 keypoints: •
high biodiversity value
• On-site management of organic waste should be accommodated •
Opportunities
for
on-site
fresh
food
production •
landscaping that supports biodiversity, wellbeing and amenity.
Permaculture
slides and recording available on google drive.
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6.10 Materials and Construction [Group 4]
6.10 6.11
keypoints: •
reduce environmental and carbon impact
life cycle stages • disassembly or demolition (circular economy/ •
healthy... in all construction)
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6.11 Waste
6.11
keypoints: • holistic approach to waste management
Sustainability Victoria/ Solar Victoria
These 2 websites are Victorian government websites discussing about sustainability and solar energy in Victoria. They have section how “You and your home” which gives comperhensive general knowledge regarding this field.
link(s): (https://www.sustainability.vic.gov.au/You-and-your-home) (https://www.solar.vic.gov.au/)
yourhome.gov.au
This website is covering wide range of topics regarding environmentally sustainable home design in Australia, including sub-topics, such as Passive design, materials, energy, water,etc. Each topic is followed by detailed explanations.
link(s): (https://www.yourhome.gov.au/)
Infrastructures for sustainable living: modes of housing
MSD at HOME with Lacol, Cristina Gamboa MASDEVALL
Date: Wednesday, 12 August 2020 Time: 18:00 - 19:30pm AEST* Melbourne (UTC +10) Venue: Online - ABP Zoom Webinar Lacol is a cooperative of architects based in Barcelona, that works from architecture toward social transformation, using architecture as a tool to intervene critically in the environments that are closest to us. We believe that the way to transform the city is through the active participation and purposeful action of the people who live in it. Our approach to practice is related to participation (participatory process), bottom-up urbanism, housing policies, architecture and construction, scenography, illustration, etc. link(s): (https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/events/msd-at-home/msd-at-home-with-lacol-cristina-gamboa-masdevall) (http://www.lacol.coop/)
Melbourne School of Design AA School of Architecture Columbia GSAPP Harvard GSD
MATERIAL AND TECTONICS What are some industry leading materials for ethical construction? What is beautiful density? What techniques could we use?
Caleb+Alexa
What is ethical construction material? 5o some extent, we could refer ethical construction to sustainable construction. The aim of ethical construction is to lessen the environmental impact of a building throughout its life cycle. It gives consideration to the choice of materials used, the building process, how the property affects the occupier and what might happen to the building when it is demolished.By using traditional skills, good management and renewable resources, sustainable building makes the foundations of modern living both ethically and environmentally sound. -
Wood bamboo recycled material PSJFOUFE TUSBOE CPBSE
Wood Material -
Naturally beautiful Excellent working properties like dimentional stability Color consistency Strong nail retention Ease of gluing and machining Size/thicknesses/lengths exible Absorb carbon Excellent strength to weight ratio ...
Excellent Local Wood: Victoria Ash
Oriented Strand Board
OSB (Oriented Strand Board) material consists of cross-oriented layers of wood strands compressed and bonded together with resin, applied under high pressure and temperature. As a result, the standardized panels have great stiness, strength, and stability, and are often used as wall cladding attached to the steel frame of a building or as partitions. Also, they have good soundprooďŹ ng capabilities, since the panels are uniform and have no internal gaps or voids. It is also worth mentioning that OSB can be fully recycled, thereby being considered eco-friendly. Based on its various applications, if could suit wall cladding, ooring, and ceilings, to furniture design, as well as its low cost and properties mentioned above.
Recycled/Reused Material
cork panels
Cork Floor When building houses, it is environmentally beneďŹ cial to think in terms of material recycling, since the materials have already emitted CO2. It is even better to develop processes where garbage or useless materials can be upcycled and reused for new building materials of higher utility value than they had originally.
Bamboo
laminated bamboo Timber isn’t the world’s only renewable material. One replacement that has recently come to light is engineered or laminated bamboo, a highly sustainable and structurally impressive material. Since bamboo has an extremely rapid generation rate, in some warm places, bamboo could grow 1 meter in single day.
manufacture process “the next mass timber�
Round bamboo are more common in tropical buildings. In higher latitute regions, designers could replace timber with laminated bamboo as panels. Structural bamboo is surprisingly strong, with up to three times the structural capacity as normal timber. Although we can regard bamboo as a good replacement of wood, there remain some concerns about the bamboo’s resilience, as it decays more quickly than wood if not treated with the right preservatives. Thus it is more suitable in interior construction.
Melbourne Vernacular Project Melbourne Vernacular + Altereco Design
This hundred-year-old worker’s cottage in Yarraville was renovated with a cutting edge approach to sustainability and victoria ash material.
Individual Brief
They painstakingly took down parts of the old house and identiďŹ ed opportunities to reuse as many existing materials as possible. The original red brick paving from the backyard now serves as an internal feature wall and an external brick wall. Locally quarried bluestone that long functioned as the property’s carriageway now marks the entry to their home.
The aforementioned red brick wall and timber truss create a pleasing aesthetic, it performs as thermal mass for the building.
Triangle House Shigeru Ban 2017, Tokyo
naturally beautiful excellent working properties like dimentional stability color consistency strong nail retention ease of gluing and machining size/thicknesses/lengths exible absorb carbon excellent strength to weight ratio ...
Integrated like pieces of a puzzle, a 3-D wooden space frame covering the living area and a reinforced concrete waffle slab crowning the workspace. Left exposed, these elements impart a distinct atmosphere to both home and office. While the residential space feels open and expansive, the office feels protected, as if carved out of the earth.
School Made from Recycled Plastic in Mexico Daniel Garcia, William Smith 2020
Set as the underlying structural order of the building, the quotidian pallet is elevated to an architectonic level, its engineered porosity ďŹ ltering light into the school’s lofted interior. The structure becomes a beacon for the community at night. The form seeks to promote an architecture of multiplicities: domestic, industrial, traditional, and contemporary.
People’s Pavilion bureau SLA + Overtreders W
This is a temperory building in dutch design week. It is said that the people’s pavilion almost has no carbon footprint, because it is a design statement of the new circular economy, a 100% circular building where no building materials were lost in construction.
The pavilion boasts a colourful facade of shingles made from recycled plastic, which come from recycled plastic waste from households, as well as a wooden framework made from components that were borrowed, and which will be returned to their owners intact once Dutch Design Week is over.
Borrowed materials form all the other parts of the structure. The framework is formed of 19 wooden components that need to be returned after use, meaning the designers had to devise a construction technique that didn’t use glue, screws or nails.
Upcycle House Lendager Arkitekter
Upcycle House is an experimental project, aimed at exposing potential carbon-emission reductions through the use of recycled and upcycled building materials. In the case of Upcycle House, the reduction has been 86% compared to a benchmark house.
The loadbearing structure consists of two prefabricated shipping containers, while the roof and facade cladding is made from recycled aluminium soda-cans. Facade panels, consist of post-consumer recycled granulated paper, which is pressed together and heat-treated. The kitchen oor is clad in tiled champagne cork-leftovers, and the bath tiles are made from recycled glass.
Oratory and Auditorium Retamar School Artytech2
Bamboo tiling Oratory and Auditorium Retamar School / Artytech2 Laminated bamboo also has a sense of warm and natural with a lower cost in a dry environment.
What is beautiful Density? Increasing the density of our suburbs comes an array of challenges, without a considered approach large scale medium density projects can easily become blights in our neighbourhoods.Through the use of correct materials and tectonics we can design dwellings which can have an uplifting aect on the site. Like explored in Suburbia Reimagined, The approach must understand the existing context to produce buildings which don’t overwhelm and overtake what is good in our suburbs.
Source: Michael Wolf, Architecture of Density
Non-Beautiful Hosuing Melbourne Housing Commision Towers 28 sites of 48 high density high rise buildings make up Melbourne 1960’s public housing development. Made during the most war era they use cheap concrete style construction the towers quickly became a blight on the cities skyline. The towers material choices are bland with little variation, have The Large towers tower over the surrounding 1-2 story buildings which make up most of the surrounding suburbs. The architecture has very little to no connection to the pre-existing character of melbourne’s older suburbs,
Architecture of Density Michael Wolf On close inspection we see architecture as a framework upon which its inhabitants hang their personalities; clothes lines, bird feeders, mops and air conditioning units appear to give the feeling of peering into a human petri-dish. Wolf ’s compositions are laced with evidence of people’s ability and need to express their individuality within these formal structures. This human element is further explored in a set of tiny photographs in which Wolf carves out fragments from the city streets: from workers’ gloves drying on a spiral of barbed wire to the chaotic labyrinths formed by plumbing and ventilation pipes. By focusing on these seemingly insignificant details, Wolf captures the beauty of the vernacular by shedding light on the seams of the city; the zones where the lack of private space forces the city’s inhabitants to reclaim public space to fit their basic needs
Hong Kong, Michael Wolf. 2014
Can ‘Eco-Density’ Be Beautiful? But how will it look? By Adele Weber The article is in response to the 2008 Ecodensity charter for Canada. Developments should have a set goal when in design which clearly states the materials and tectonic aesthetics, so both the clients and community can have input. Too much architectural diversity and you have visual chaos. Too much monotony and you have a big, boring city. Large scale high density projects can have good choices in materials and tectonics but if they are over built they can overwhelm a suburb, in melbourne this can be seen in the public housing towers which dominate numerous neighbourhoods. “Design density with new and existing architecture that meshes greener performance, with values for neighbourhood context, character and identity, for high quality and neighborly buildings and developments, at all scales.”
Responding to Context NSW Medium Desnity Design Guideline The architectural style and materials, with particular consideration in conservation and heritage areas as well as the topography, landscape character; including significant tree planting and other significant natural features contribute to the character of the area. The extent to which the local character is assessed is principally the visual character to which the development or precinct can be viewed. In most instances, low rise medium density housing is proposed in areas that are undergoing a transition from lower density, single dwelling homes to a higher density. Where planning controls anticipate a change of character for an area, compatibility with the desired future character of the area should be regarded as more relevant than compatibility with the existing character. Takeaways from the NSW Government Guidelines: • In developments with multiple buildings and/or entries, pedestrian entries and spaces associated with individual buildings/entries should be differentiated to improve legibility for residents, by using Variation in colours, Materials and vegitation. • Front fences and walls along street frontages should use visually permeable materials and treatments. To allow for sloping sites the average height should be 1.2m. The maximum height is 1.5m • The internal circulation network should be clear and legible. Internal streets in the form of mews and low traffic streets are to prioritise pedestrians with shared surfaces and use of different surface materials, landscaping and bollards. • using materials with mass and/or sound insulation or absorption properties e.g. solid balcony balustrades, external screens and soffits • Important corners are given visual prominence through a change in articulation, materials or colour, roof expression or changes in height. • Important corners are given visual prominence through a change in articulation, materials or colour, roof expression or changes in height.
•
•
•
•
•
•
The design of facades contributes greatly to the visual interest of the building and the character of the local area. While facades that face the street have an impact on the public domain, side and rear facades often influence the amenity of neighbouring buildings and communal and private open spaces. Careful design and material selection can reduce the long term maintenance obligations of multi-dwelling development. In addition, effective maintenance of the development ensures the longevity of buildings. (Page 66) building with materials with high thermal mass to keep down internal temperatures and materials such as polycarbonate for skylights and balustrades, which admits sunlight while preventing excessive heat. Important corners are given visual prominence through a change in articulation, materials or colour, roof expression or changes in height. Consideration should be given to expressing the third storey of a dwelling in a lighter weight manner than the structure below, through the use of material and colours and the like. To reinforce local character, a successful landscape design blends local indigenous plants with plants cultural planting of the area.
HighPark, Rothelowman Architects. Sydney
Moreland Medium density housing Review Takeaways Regarding Material in the Housing Review: • ‘Fine grain materials’: Materials that provide a variation in size, density, colour or texture, and create a high level of visual and tactile interest at human scale (e.g. natural timber, salvaged brick). ‘Commercial materials’: Materials which are often used in widespan commercial buildings. These materials often lack detailing unless designed appropriately. • Facades: Low-maintenance, integrated plantings are encouraged. As plants will require time to grow, the materials behind them should look good by themselves. Consider the use of downpipes for stormwater irrigation, Provide planter beds on the Ground. • The use of ‘fine grain materials’ is recommended as it provides richer detail appropriate for residential dwellings, The use of natural materials is recommended. • Colour plays a big role in any design. Colour can bring a bright spot to a neighborhood, bring attention to the main point of entry to help with wayfinding, and even help to visually break down the scale of a large building
Techniques Greenery Landscaping and vegetation play an important role in designing housing at all scales, with good implementation designs can have positive outcomes for the client while seamlessly Integrating into the surrounding context. Architects should keep existing variation when feasible, the planting should commitment the specific Architecture and typology, It should be considered during the concept stage and not just built around a replanned building. Significant planting can be done in planter boxes, rooftop gardens and green facades. . Landscaping and in particular tree planting helps to clean the air, reduces urban heat, offers shade, provides habitat for wildlife and adds aesthetic appeal to the urban landscape. It can also assist the infiltration of rain water to the water table and reduce storm water runoff.
Source: NSW Medium Density Design Guidelines
Considerations: • Native/local plants and landscaping features should be used as much as possible, follow council guides if possible/applicable. This will assist helping the building feel at place in the pre-existing context. • Consider Revisitation all sides of the site, Front and rear sides will have a connection to the public domain and plot sides will have connection to the neighbouring properties. Internal courtyards and raised gardens can designed for the personal use of the client. • Tree species and size should respond to orientation, for instance select deciduous trees in front of north facing living spaces. Plants change depending on season, the plant selection should work at all times. • Planting can be used for privacy, can prevent larger infill projects to not visually invade their neighbours. New developments can be ‘urban gardens’ which improve the whole suburb. • Select tree species which will be suitable in size and scale with the development. Trees to large can block the views for both residents and surrounding properties • The extent of the site to be landscaped is linked to the character of the area. An area defined by tree canopies with buildings set in a landscaped setting will have a larger landscaped area (40-60%) compared to an urban area where the tree canopy is largely in the public domain (10-20%)
Source: NSW Medium Density Design Guidelines
Colour Like in all architecture, colour plays an important role in the visual impact of housing in all scales. The correct choice of colouring can help a building sit seamlessly into its surrounding context, for example red/browns facades can be used in suburbs with large amount of traditional rebrick homes. Colours should not feel out of place and designed with long term impacts in mind. Other Consideration: •
• •
•
•
•
•
The creative use of colour can also used in making a specific dwelling unique when they are part of a large-scale housing developments such as in social housing. Gives personality in repetitious designs, people enjoy individualism in their hosing choices (see next Page). Variations of materials can help in building navigation and make certain architectural elements stand out. When appropriate, colour selection can be used to make the building, or specific parts of the design stand out and become a local landmark, Though this can work care must be made in ensuring it does not negatively affect the neighbouring properties. Colour alongside vegetation can reduce the buildings visual impact from the street elevation. Especially important when the building is larger/taller than its neighbours. Consideration should be given to expressing the third storey of a dwelling in a lighter weight manner than the structure below, through the use of material and colours. Use variation in materials, colours, and key elements such as doors windows and balconies to order building facades with scale and proportions that respond to the contextual character Lighter colours along side correct material selection can reduce heat absorption in summer months.
Brunswick East, Milieu Architects. Melbourne
Use of local colour Palete to blend into surroundings, Upper Levels lightly colour as to reduce visual impact of the lower rise surroundings.
Novo Jardim Social Housing, Jirau Arquitetura. Barzil
Variations in colours to make each town house unique form each other.
Lighting Lighting alongside materials is a critical aspect in creating an inviting and leviable medium density apartment, the use of Natural light semi outdoor should be maximized. Natural light can make a space feel more open and less claustrophobic. Maximizing Natural light reduces the need for additional lighting, thus reducing energy needs and costs. Building heights and setbacks should work together to allow for good daylight and solar access to key public open spaces, private living rooms and private open space. Boundary setbacks are also vital for the reducing the possibility of shadowing over surrounding properties (refer to diagram on next page) No place within a design should be further that 8m from either a window of opening that lets in natural light. Rooms such as bathrooms, laundry, and storage rooms should be placed in areas that natural light is uneatable. For internal rooms or hallways skylights can be used to let in more light as well as more visual connections to the outdoors. Window eves and ceilings can greatly aect the amount of light let into a room as well as how far it penetrates into the space. Greenery can be tool in controlling natural light and shadow, for example deciduous trees can be used to provide shade in summer and sunlight access in winter
Source: NSW Medium Density Design Guidelines
Permability Permeable or Semi-transparent materials can be used as a way on increasing the exibility of a design in both use and aesthetics. In high density housing where privacy is an issue, the materials can be used to maintain natural light whilst still being more private than completely open space. By using The materials on Balconies or terrace (see Below) the usability in greatly increased as they have the ability to act as a semi out door space as opposed to completely open area.
Where private courtyards, they should use have semi-transparent fencing. This provides opportunities for passive surveillance and avoids negatively impacting on the aesthetic and spatial quality of the street. Help enclose a private space without fulling detaching itself from its surrounding context.
Social Housing in Paris, Bigoni Mortemard. Paris Materials allow for exibility in privacy and lighting.
Repetition Repetition is often used in large scale housing and residential master plans, where the Architectural design of the homes/ dwellings is repeated over a single or multiple site (as seen in the Melbourne Hosing commission Towers). Though this can create harmony within the project itself it can be come visually overwhelming or even boring to the surrounding suburb. Unlike in many European countries Australian residential architecture is typically unique from one home to the next with the exception of small material/colour changes. Many Australians are resistant to living in visually similar buildings, people want a home which is unique to them, a heavily repetitious design can be undesirable. The use of repetition in entire architectural design can make it harder for correct building orientation and positioning within a preexisting context. At the ďŹ ner scale repetition within the architecture can be used to create uniformity in the design and user legibility. Repetition can also be used as a way of connecting to some of the architectural characteristics of the surrounding context, for example resembling the terrace homes of older Melbourne suburbs.
3 in 1 Housing, Street Monkey Architects. Sweden.
Repetiotion is a modern repersentation of the tradtional home in the area.
Incremental Housing Alejandro Aravena, Elemental Social housing system which allows for individual expression, the users can partly choose the materials and aesthetic of their home thus setting it apart from the otherwise uniformity in the homes. Mainly done for cost saving reasons and built within a country where more people are willing to build their own homes. Though the idea could not be fully converted into the Melbourne context, the idea of allowing people the ability to customize their own place is inline with the australian belief of self determination. By allowing people to choose their own materials it can make the dwellings seem more like their own and unique to their neighbours Flexible spaces which suit the ritualistic need of the client is an important part of the housing model outlined in the book, Suburbia Reimagined.
Incremental Housing. Santiago, Chile, 2010
Nightingale model Breathe Architecture The Nightingale Mission Statement: “Nightingale is based on the idea of living simply. We deliver well built, sustainable homes that are minimal and honest. We take out things like second bathrooms, individual laundries and basement carparks to reduce the cost of construction and ongoing maintenance. Instead, we include things that are important for the creation of healthy, comfortable, sustainable homes like double glazing, excellent insulation and 100% certified Green Power. It’s about building less, to give more.” Nightingale Material Principles: •
• • • • • •
Use High quality sustainable materials which help achieve a 100% carbon reduction in the building operations. Nightingale homes are built to have a minimum 7.5 star NatHERS rating. High thermal insulation, passive ventilation, solar shading and thermal modelling enable Nightingale buildings to forego air-conditioning Recycled, natural and local materials used whenever possible, Low VOC finishes, to keep the air air quality at the highest standard. Use of Raw Brass fittings which have a longer use life and are less hazardous in use. Airtight building fabric and energy recovery ventilation systems pretemper incoming air, thereby reducing heating and cooling loads Greenery viable and accessible to all residents, planting is self sufficient.
The Commons. Brunswick, 2010 Appartments let in light and use local Materials.
The Commons. Brunswick, 2010 Copper Pipes, Plants and the layering of materials to create beautiful spaces
References & Additional Infomation •
https://www.archdaily.com/364494/low-rise-high-density-exhibition
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https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0022/94324/Guidelines-for-HigherDensity-Residential-Development-3.pdf
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https://architizer.com/blog/inspiration/collections/low-rise-high-density/
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https://www.researchgate.net/scientific-contributions/2003793635_Cristian_Dumitrescu
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https://crosscut.com/2016/03/beautiful-density-housing-design-for-a-more-liveable-city
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https://www.dwell.com/article/density-down-under-2691c3bd
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https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2011-10-28/designing-for-density-doesn-t-have-to-beugly-or-scary
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https://assemblepapers.com.au/2014/09/19/the-great-apartment-design-debate/
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https://www.archdaily.com/889636/18-fantastic-permeable-facades
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https://aeon.co/ideas/lets-open-our-sealed-off-lives-to-semi-permeable-architecture
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https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/23/t-magazine/pritzker-venice-biennale-chile-architectalejandro-aravena.html
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https://www.moreland.vic.gov.au/globalassets/areas/amendments/amendmentslib-7208/c189/ medium-density-housing-review-2018.pdf
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https://www.planning.nsw.gov.au/~/media/Files/DPE/Manuals-and-guides/draft-mediumdensity-design-guide-2016-10.ashx
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https://www.atlasofplaces.com/photography/architecture-of-density/
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https://thetyee.ca/Views/2008/03/18/EcoDensity
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https://nightingalehousing.org/nightingale-principles
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https://www.architects.nsw.gov.au/download/BIg-City-Life-Kieran-McInerney-FINAL-lo-res.pd
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https://crosscut.com/2016/03/beautiful-density-housing-design-for-a-more-liveable-city
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https://architectureau.com/articles/vertical-cruise-ships-heres-how-we-can-remake-housingtowers-to-be-safer-and-better-places-to-live/#
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https://www.archdaily.com/939448/the-versatility-of-osb-panels-in-12-projects
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301561097_High_Density_-_High_Privacy_-_ Low_Energy_Re-Interpretation_of_Compact’_Courtyard_Housing_for_Sustainable_Urban_ Environments
-Group 5Mike Wen Zien Lam Elaine Huaqing Tao
1) The Future Homes on Planning? Explore, interrogate and identify where controls, standards and rules can be approached dierently. These innovative reinterpretations should result in better outcomes and increased amenities (Private and Public) at a site and neighbourhood scale. -Generally, be in accordance and capable of compliance to Clause 55
-Requirements of Competition Brief outweighs State Planning Provisions
-Detailed design drawings to reect understanding of Clause 55
Clause 32: General Residential Zone
Sites are all located within the General Residential Zone (GRZ) (VPP Clause 32). Typologies and uses of site permissible as below:
^VPP Clause 32 GRZ Section 1: Permit not required
^VPP Clause 32 GRZ Section 2: Permit required
^VPP Clause 32 GRZ Section 3: Prohibited
Clause 55: Two Or More Dwellings On A Lot And Residential Buildings Purpose -To implement the Municipal Planning Strategy and the Planning Policy Framework. -To achieve residential development that respects the existing neighbourhood character or which contributes to a preferred neighbourhood character. -To encourage residential development that provides reasonable standards of amenity for existing and new residents. -To encourage residential development that is responsive to the site and the neighbourhood.
^VPP Clause 55: Application types and related clauses
Brief-Planning and Design
“PLANNING & DESIGN Housing patterns are historically connected to specific planning policies and instruments. This is no less true now than in past periods of urban expansion. We therefore need to understand the role of planning in enabling positive housing outcomes, to meet future housing challenges. This will require planning and design to work together, creating innovation in the housing market, by supporting and encouraging high-quality future homes.” (Brief Page 7)
Brief-Planning
“5.0) Planning (30% Weighting - Assessment Criteria) The Future Homes Competition should challenge Victoria’s planning system. Students are presented with the objectives and parameters of planning policy, then encouraged to explore where controls and rules could be approached differently. The Student Competition should aim to challenge, innovate and reinterpret these objectives and parameters.” (Brief Page 8)
2) The Brief 5.1-Planning Objectives vs Standards?
2.1) Standards
Following standards are discretionary and can be varied. For variations, descriptions must be given on how variations achieve or exceed the existing standards.
2.2) Decision Guidelines
Framework that must be considered. Will be incorporated into Jury’s evaluations. General decision guidelines are that proposals should consider: any relevant neighbourhood character objective, policy or statement set out in this scheme; The design response.
2.1) Standards
Potential change and variations from standards can be explored, but should have a basis on how variations and alternative solutions exceed standards in: site layouts, building massing and amenity impacts in Standards B6; B17; B18; B19; B20; B22; B23 as follows.
Standard B6 Street Setback:
Potential Challenges Exploration Encouraged: Front setbacks as a response to wider and broader streetscape, not just the average of abutting properties. *Reference to Brief 4.5: Existing Character-Existing averaged setbacks are around 7.5-9m, recent infills are round 5-7m
The Existing VPP Walls of buildings should be set back from streets: -At least the distance specified in a schedule to the zone, or -If no distance is specified in a schedule to the zone, the distance specified in Table B1. (VPP) -Porches, pergolas and verandas that are less than 3.6 metres high and eaves may encroach not more than 2.5 metres into the setbacks of this standard. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -Whether a different setback would be more appropriate taking into account the prevailing setbacks of existing buildings on nearby lots. -The visual impact of the building when viewed from the street and from adjoining properties. -The value of retaining vegetation within the front setback.
^Extract from Site Folder ^Average Street Setback ^Extract from VPP Table B1, Street Setbacks
Standard B17 Side and Rear Setbacks:
Potential Challenges Exploration Encouraged: Consider how setbacks impacts amenities on given site. Compliance with B17 does not relate to protection of neighbouring amenities. -Consider proximity of South neighbouring dwelling on 3 Lots site. The Existing VPP A new building not on or within 200mm of a boundary should be set back from side or rear boundaries: -At least the distance speciďŹ ed in a schedule to the zone, or -If no distance is speciďŹ ed in a schedule to the zone, 1 metre, plus 0.3 metres for every metre of height over 3.6 metres up to 6.9 metres, plus 1 metre for every metre of height over 6.9 metres. -Sunblinds, verandahs, porches, eaves, fascias, gutters, masonry chimneys, ues, pipes, domestic fuel or water tanks, and heating or cooling equipment or other services may encroach not more than 0.5 metres into the setbacks of this standard. -Landings having an area of not more than 2 square metres and less than 1 metre high, stairways, ramps, pergolas, shade sails and carports may encroach into the setbacks of this standard. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The impact on the amenity of the habitable room windows and secluded private open space of existing dwellings. -Whether the wall is opposite an existing or simultaneously constructed wall built to the boundary. -Whether the wall abuts a side or rear lane.
^Extract from Site Folder ^Extract from VPP Diagram B1, height and setbacks
Standard B18 Walls and Boundaries:
Potential Challenges Exploration Possible: Longer/ Taller walls can be proposed if : walls on boundaries are part of area character; wall will not unreasonably or adversely impact amenities of existing neighbouring dwellings. The Existing VPP A new wall constructed on or within 200mm of a side or rear boundary of a lot or a carport constructed on or within 1 metre of a side or rear boundary of lot should not abut the boundary: -For a length of more than the distance specified in a schedule to the zone; or -If no distance is specified in a schedule to the zone, for a length of more than: – 10 metres plus 25 per cent of the remaining length of the boundary of an adjoining lot, or – Where there are existing or simultaneously constructed walls or carports abutting the boundary on an abutting lot, the length of the existing or simultaneously constructed walls or carports whichever is the greater. A new wall or carport may fully abut a side or rear boundary where slope and retaining walls or fences would result in the effective height of the wall or carport being less than 2 metres on the abutting property boundary. The height of a new wall constructed on or within 200mm of a side or rear boundary or a carport constructed on or within 1 metre of a side or rear boundary should not exceed an average of 3.2 metres with no part higher than 3.6 metres unless abutting a higher existing or simultaneously constructed wall.
Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The extent to which walls on boundaries are part of the neighbourhood character. -The impact on the amenity of existing dwellings. -The opportunity to minimise the length of walls on boundaries by aligning a new wall on a boundary with an existing wall on a lot of an adjoining property. -The orientation of the boundary that the wall is being built on. -The width of the lot. -The extent to which the slope and retaining walls or fences reduce the eective height of the wall. -Whether the wall abuts a side or rear lane. -The need to increase the wall height to screen a box gutter.
^Allowable abutting wall lengths within 200mm of boundaries, for one adjoining lot and more than one adjoining lots.
Standard B19 Daylight to Existing Windows:
Potential Challenges Exploration Encouraged: Explore ways to allow adequate day lighting into habitable spaces without building cut outs and angle calculations. The Existing VPP Buildings opposite an existing habitable room window should provide for a light court to the existing window that has a minimum area of 3 square metres and minimum dimension of 1 metre clear to the sky. The calculation of the area may include land on the abutting lot. Walls or carports more than 3 metres in height opposite an existing habitable room window should be set back from the window at least 50 per cent of the height of the new wall if the wall is within a 55 degree arc from the centre of the existing window. The arc may be swung to within 35 degrees of the plane of the wall containing the existing window. Where the existing window is above ground oor level, the wall height is measured from the oor level of the room containing the window. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The extent to which the existing dwelling has provided for reasonable daylight access to its habitable rooms through the siting and orientation of its habitable room windows. -The impact on the amenity of existing dwellings.
^Extract from VPP Diagram B2, existing windows and lightwell conditions and Planning Practice Note 27. ^Potential neighbouring windows for consideration.
Standard B20 North Facing Windows:
Potential Challenges Exploration Encouraged: Encouraged exploration of alternative ways and methods to allow solar access into existing Northward windows. The Existing VPP If a north-facing habitable room window of an existing dwelling is within 3 metres of a boundary on an abutting lot, a building should be setback from the boundary 1 metre, plus 0.6 metres for every metre of height over 3.6 metres up to 6.9 metres, plus 1 metre for every metre of height over 6.9 metres, for a distance of 3 metres from the edge of each side of the window. A north-facing window is a window with an axis perpendicular to its surface oriented north 20 degrees west to north 30 degrees east. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -Existing sunlight to the north-facing habitable room window of the existing dwelling. -The impact on the amenity of existing dwellings.
^Extract from VPP Diagram B3, setbacks to existing North facing windows ^Extract from Planning Practice Note 27, South setback conditions.
Standard B22 Overlooking:
Potential Challenges Exploration Encouraged: Encouraged exploration of alternative ways and methods to address overlooking without excessive use of high screens. The Existing VPP Overlooking secluded private spaces: A habitable room window, balcony, terrace, deck or patio should be located and designed to avoid direct views into the secluded private open space of an existing dwelling within a horizontal distance of 9 metres (measured at ground level) of the window, balcony, terrace, deck or patio. *Views should be measured within a 45 degree angle from the plane of the window or perimeter of the balcony, terrace, deck or patio, and from a height of 1.7 metres above floor level.
Overlooking existing habitable rooms: A habitable room window, balcony, terrace, deck or patio with a direct view into a habitable room window of existing dwelling with the same parameters should be either: -Offset a minimum of 1.5 metres from the edge of one window to the edge of the other. -Have sill heights of at least 1.7 metres above floor level. -Have fixed, obscure glazing in any part of the window below 1.7 metre above floor level. -Have permanently fixed external screens to at least 1.7 metres above floor level and be no more than 25 per cent transparent.
Physical screens: Obscure glazing in any part of the window below 1.7 metres above floor level may be openable provided that there are no direct views as specified in this standard. Screens used to obscure a view should be: -Perforated panels or trellis with a maximum of 25 per cent openings or solid translucent panels. -Permanent, fixed and durable. -Designed and coloured to blend in with the development. This standard does not apply to a new habitable room window, balcony, terrace, deck or patio which faces a property boundary where there is a visual barrier at least 1.8 metres high and the floor level of the habitable room, balcony, terrace, deck or patio is less than 0.8 metres above ground level at the boundary. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The impact on the amenity of the secluded private open space or habitable room window. -The existing extent of overlooking into the secluded private open space and habitable room windows of existing dwellings. -The internal daylight to and amenity of the proposed dwelling or residential building.
^Extract from Planning Practice Note 27, Overlooking of Secluded Private Open Spaces, Existing Windows and Window Offsets ^Potential overlook conditions for consideration (1.5m offsets from window edges within 9m radio) ^Extract from VPP Diagram B4, Overlooking.
Standard B23 Internal Views:
Potential Challenges Exploration Encouraged: Encouraged exploration of alternative ways and methods to address internal views without excessive use of high screens. The Existing VPP Windows and balconies should be designed to prevent overlooking of more than 50 per cent of the secluded private open space of a lower-level dwelling or residential building directly below and within the same development. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider the design response. *Neighbouring amenities must not be diminished in any way following the new development *Borrowed amenities from neighbouring sites are not allowed
3) The Brief 5.2-Conforming Requirements?
Zoning Control:
Potential Challenges Instead of considering the site as totally residential areas, other land use types can be considered in the site as opportunities, including some neighborhood, environmental or landscape aspects, and some communal services, facilities or activities. The Existing VPP The sites are all located within the General Residential Zone (GRZ). The General Residential Zone is applied to land in areas where growth and housing diversity is anticipated. It is expected that the type of housing provided will evolve over time to provide more diverse forms of housing, but not at the expense of existing open garden character. Decision guidelines -relate to the concept of design, the targeting demographic, and the demand of residents. -public or communal areas
Overlay Control:
The Existing VPP Specific controls overlay is to apply specific controls designed to achieve a particular land use and development outcome in extraordinary circumstances.The sites are not affected by any or additional overlay controls.
Maximum Building Height:
Potential Challenges Encouraged dierent creative considerations on the vertical structure and composition of a building. The Existing VPP The maximum building height for the General Residential Zone should be no more than 11 meters, and contains no more than three storeys. Decision guidelines Factors aect building height -natural light access -natural wind circulation control -functional use of space -cost saving of height -cooperation with landscape
Garden Area:
Potential Challenges The garden area allows the construction of buildings and works to be typically associated with the use and enjoyment of the outdoor areas. Outbuilding and structures such as garden sheds and outdoor entertaining areas can be considered as part of the garden area. In addition, roof gardens or green walls can be explored to be part of garden areas. The Existing VPP The minimum percentage of a lot set aside as garden area is 35% for above 650 sqm lot size. The garden area can be composed of pergola, unroofed terrace, decks less than 800mm in height and other areas. Decision guidelines -how can garden areas relate with sustainability and improve passive design -provide healthy environment and improve wellbeing -bond, transit, or connect between residential and outdoor space
Permeability (Standard B9):
Potential Challenges More eective or reasonable solutions can be considered for the performance of permeability. The Existing VPP At least 20% of the site must be permeable. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The design response. -The capacity of the site to incorporate stormwater retention and reuse. -The existing site coverage and any constraints imposed by existing development. -The capacity of the drainage network to accommodate additional stormwater. -The capacity of the site to absorb run-o. -The practicality of achieving the minimum site coverage of previous surfaces, particularly on lots of less than 300 square metres. -Whether the owner has entered into an agreement to contribute to o-site stormwater management in lieu of providing an on-site stormwater management system.
Overshadowing (Standard B21):
Potential Challenges Consider alternative ways of accessing sunlight and different ways of providing openings and shadings. The Existing VPP Where sunlight to the secluded private open space of an existing dwelling is reduced, at least 75 percent or 40 square metres with a minimum dimension of three metres wide, whichever is the lesser area, the secluded private open space should receive a minimum of five hours of sunlight between 9am and 3pm on 22 September. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The design response. -The impact on the amenity of existing dwellings. -Existing sunlight penetration to the secluded private open space of the existing dwelling. -The time of day that sunlight will be available to the secluded private open space of the existing dwelling. -The effect of a reduction in sunlight on the existing use of the existing secluded private open space.
^Extract from Planning Practice Note 27, Overshadowing
Storage (Standard B44):
Potential Challenges Consider alternative ways of providing storage space, for instance, a minimum of 1.8 meters of robe length for the main bedroom and a 1.5 meters for all other bedrooms is practical for clothes storage. The Existing VPP Each dwelling should have convenient access to at last six cubic metres of externally accessible, secure storage space. Having access to convenient, accessible and secure storage improves the functionality of apartments. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The design response. -The useability, functionality and location of storage facilities provided for the dwelling.
^Extract from Apartment Design Guidelines for Victoria
Civic Scale Gestures
Encourage exploration of engaging the growing city through meaningful urban responses in the suburbs, and providing opportunities for social and urban exchange in the facade alongside the footpath.
Opportunities for Site and Neighbourhood
Encourage exploration of oering a shared spacial quality with the adjoining public space and landscape reserve, and tempering the public/private duality or dwelling/landscape exchange of the site.
Clause 55.02-3 Dwelling Diversity Objective Standard B3 -To encourage a range of dwelling sizes and types in developments of ten or more dwellings. The Existing VPP The Developments of ten or more dwellings should provide a range of dwelling sizes and types, including: -Dwellings with a dierent number of bedrooms. -At least one dwelling that contains a kitchen, bath or shower, and a toilet and wash basin at ground oor level.
Clause 55.02-5 Integrate with the Street Objective Standard B5 To integrate the layout of development with the street. The Existing VPP Developments should provide adequate vehicle and pedestrian links that maintain or enhance local accessibility. -Development should be oriented to front existing and proposed streets. -High fencing in front of dwellings should be avoided if practicable. -Development next to existing public open space should be laid out to complement the open space. Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -Any relevant neighbourhood character objective, policy or statement set out in this scheme. -The design response.
Clause 55.03-9 and -10 Access Standard B14 and Parking Location Objective To ensure the number and design of vehicle crossovers respects the neighbourhood character. The Existing VPP The width of accessways or car spaces should not exceed: -33 per cent of the street frontage, or -if the width of the street frontage is less than 20 metres, 40 per cent of the street frontage. No more than one single-width crossover should be provided for each dwelling fronting a street. The location of crossovers should maximise the retention of on-street car parking spaces. The number of access points to a road in a Road Zone should be minimised. Developments must provide for access for service, emergency and delivery vehicles.
Decision guidelines Before deciding on an application, the responsible authority must consider: -The design response. -The impact on the neighbourhood character. -The reduction of on-street car parking spaces. -The eect on any signiďŹ cant vegetation on the site and footpath.
Clause 55.06 Detailed Designs: Front Fences; Site Services etc
^Extract from VPP Table B3, Front Fence Heights
Clause 55.07-9 Private Open Space Above Ground Floor Objective
^Extract from VPP Table B5, Deep soil and tree planting allocation per area.
Clause 55.07 Apartment Developments:
Cooling Loads; Communal Open Spaces; Deep Soil Areas and Canopy Trees Objectives; Noise Inuence; Accessibility Planning; Private Open Space Above Ground Floor Objectives;
Competition Brief Analysis JADE LAYTON - KHUE NGUYEN
Demographic
Population Growth
2019 projection indicates that by 2056, the population of the state of Victoria is expected to reach 11.2 million, and Greater Melbourne 9 million. The Future Homes Student Competition recognises this as one of the major challenges and drivers for rethinking housing provision, urban growth, and subsequently exploring innovative apartment designs. This population growth is resulted from a combination of natural increase, projected birth count exceeding death count, and a large inux of oversea and out-of-state immigration. https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ďŹ le/0032/332996/Victoria_in_ Future_2019.pdf
Age
Population in Victoria state is expected to age signiďŹ cantly by 2056 due to the baby-boomer population reaching the age of 55 and over. It is important to note that while population in all age groups is projected to grow, the share of 65+ population increases by almost 6% (15.3% to 21.2%). This will have a large impact on the demand for accessible architecture to support people with disabilities and illness. https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ďŹ le/0032/332996/Victoria_in_ Future_2019.pdf
Household
In addition to population growth and ageing, Victoria is also expected to see a small shift in household composition by 2056. While families with children remain the largest portion of households, its’ share reduces slightly from 43.1% to 41.1%. On the other hand, smaller and non-children households such as lone-living person or couple continue to grow in both number and share. The average household size is projected to decrease from 2.54 persons per household to 2.40 persons. This could be a result from many factors including but are not limited to: cultural preference shift in having children, home sharing and privacy, and elderly population increase. https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_ďŹ le/0032/332996/Victoria_in_ Future_2019.pdf
Ageing in Place
The conversation surrounding ageing is place is becoming more relevant in Australia, especially when facing the projection of a growing and ageing population. Ageing in place is a way of living where an elderly person continues to live in their private homes, with or without moving to a different dwelling, instead of moving to an aged care facility. Studies show that 78-81% of the 55+ population prefers this option. Having independent control of their living spaces, and being closer to friends, families, and the community with which they are familiar allow for a better overall quality of living. The two most preferred design approaches that support ageing in place are Universal and Adaptable design. Universal design is an approach where homes are designed to accommodate a wide range of occupants and can support people with disabilities and illness in the future without any modification. Adaptable design approach aims for the same goal but with minor, easy and low-cost modifications to homes. https://www.ahuri.edu.au/research/ahuri-briefs/whats-needed-to-make-ageing-in-place-workfor-older-australians https://www.ahuri.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/2168/AHURI_Final_Report_No144_ Dwelling,-land-and-neighbourhood-use-by-older-home-owners.pdf
Multi-generational Family
While multi-generational household is a common way of living in many cultures around the world, it’s only started gaining attention in Australia recently. A household where two or more generations of adults share the dwelling or property, this approach to housing can provide many benefits when accompanied by a well-rounded and thoughtful design. By sharing resources and equities between generations of the family, older generations can receive living support for ageing in place, while the younger generation can have a better chance at affordable housing. Various design approaches can be used depending on the family’s lifestyle and privacy preference such as complex and granny flat, zoning by family units with communal spaces, or shared living across generations under one roof. http://www.bentarchitecture.com.au/articles/2019/multi-generational-housingsolving-housing-affordability-and-aged-care-in-one
Families with Children
Despite a slight decrease, families with children remain the largest share in Victoria’s household composition in 2056. This household type is defined as couples or single parents living with children and may or may not include other individuals. Many aspects relating to the homes have significant influence on the well-being of children such as: home ownership and affordability, stability and moving frequency, and dwelling physical and environmental qualities. While these factors are important in housing strategy for all household types, it is especially critical for families with children and needs careful planning. Design considerations for homes for families with children include, but are not limited to: privacy and protection, passive surveillance, room and flexibility for growth, functionality according to the occupant’s lifestyle, and access to daylight and play opportunities. https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/children-youth/australias-children/contents/ housing
Diversity
What is Housing Diversity
Housing diversity relates to the size, cost, number of bedrooms, character and age of dwellings. It also extends to other types of housing, such as low-cost rental aged care, supported accommodation for people with disability, student accommodation and social housing. Creating greater choice and diversity of housing across the city has clear beneďŹ ts— such as improved access to jobs, services and transport. For newly formed households, providing a diversity of housing may enable them to remain within a preferred location. For older couples, housing diversity may enable them to downsize to more compact accommodation within their neighbourhood. https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/377111/Plan_Melbourne_2017_Outcome_2_PDF.pdf https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/377127/Plan_Melbourne_2017-2050_Summary.pdf
Housing Choices - Plan Melbourne -
Plan Melbourne 2017-2050: framework for growth & development in Metro Melbourne Currently we have a Steady supply of low-density detached houses and a recent proportional increase of medium and high-density housing in middle-ring suburbs. There is still a lack of mixed housing types. For a positive outcome it would be great to provide more aordable & accessible housing that are close to jobs & services. This will give people the option to down/upsize without leaving their neighborhood & community. Targeted locations would be central city, growth areas & middle suburbs. This means that growth areas withh have access to transports, public amenities, services and jobs. Middle suburbs will experience good opportunity and the central city will experience urban renewal while needing community infrastructures & more public spaces. https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/377111/Plan_Melbourne_2017_Outcome_2_PDF.pdf https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0009/377127/Plan_Melbourne_2017-2050_Summary.pdf
Our Housing Diversity Goals
Melbourne needs a greater mix of housing. Alternate forms of housing, such as secondary dwellings, can offer opportunity for small-scale development in established areas, creating opportunities for extended families to live together or older couples to downsize. Internal design can also increase the flexibility and adaptability of dwellings. For example, universal design ensures homes are accessible to people with disabilities as accessibility will become more important as the population ages. A flexible internal design can also help accommodate adult children remaining or returning home as well as the addition of elderly parents to a household. The planning system will be amended to cater for different types of housing and accommodation. https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/377111/Plan_Melbourne_2017_Outcome_2_PDF.pdf
Our Housing Diversity Goals
It will be important to provide a range of housing types in growth areas. In growth areas, there needs to be a move away from uniformsized housing lots towards providing both higher and lower densities within each precinct. Planning for growth areas must deliver a variety of lot sizes and housing types. This can be achieved through both larger lots (to provide a sizeable backyard for those families that desire it), as well as options for townhouses, low-rise apartments, and aged-care housing close to shopping centres and community facilities. https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/377111/Plan_Melbourne_2017_Outcome_2_PDF.pdf
Apartments
NEGATIVES Apartments are often mass produced by money hungry developers. They are generally only good for living alone or couples due to their small size and lack of outdoor space. Another factor that issues can arise from is that they are overseen by body corporate so the extent to which you can modify and personalise your apartment is potentially limited. POSITIVES Apartments have access to amenities being a common room, swimming pool, communal barbeques, gym and a security system. Living costs are cheap with reduced heating, cooling, water and electricity bills.
Medium Density Units
NEGATIVES Unless they are deisgned for a specific user group, units usually all have the same interior layout so individuality can sometimes difficult. The title is shared and ourdoor garden space is also minimal. POSITIVES Units offer privacy without shared areas with neighbours, they offer more space and can be spread out over varying levels. They are generally an affordable price for middle income families and can comfortably house a small family.
Single Detached Houses
NEGATIVES Deteched houses are expensive to run due to having to heat and cool much larger spaces, and require much more maintenance due to cleaning and gardening large spaces POSITIVES Although they are more expensive to buy, the capital gain is far greater with the land/property value increasing anually. They are far more spacious with exibility to change plans around freely. The outdoor garden space is great for families/children and people can have more privacy as there is more space between Privacy - more space between neighbours
Research Repository Group 7: Adaptability & Replicability
The adaptability and replicability can be considered as part of the flexibility of the house, which are mainly differences in time.
Flexibility The family’s need for housing spaces varies as much as space. The requirements of the residential rooms vary from one user or one family to another during design and also vary for the same family over time according to the demographic changes of the family. So flexibility can be divided into two main parts: • Initial flexibility (Before occupation during design). • Permanent flexibility (After occupation during demographic changes).
Initial flexibility - offering a “variety” of choices The capacity of the project to offer a variety of “choices” in housing types prior to occupation. The former one, offering a “variety” of choices in housing types, should be considered starting from the design stage. The building should offer “the possibility of choosing different design layouts” “prior to occupancy” (2005, p. 287). In Bernard Leupen’s book entitled Dwelling: Architecture and Modernity, Gustau Gili Galfetti names this kind of flexibility as “initial flexibility” and describes it as changing and modifying possibilities offered to occupants prior to occupancy (2003, p. 90). In brief, presenting a variety of “choice” for different uses in the design stage can be claimed as a prerequisite for flexible housing (Schneider and Till, 2005a). This flexibility has been applied to the design of most contemporary reproducible homes.
Replicability Replicable housing has the following requirements: 1. Simple basic modules 2. Can be built in large quantities in a short time 3. Can provide as many options as possible to meet users’ life needs through module combination When designing a reproducible house, there will be a basic structural pattern first. In this single pattern, several different plane layouts will be designed according to different use situations. After that, considering the increase in population or the increase in functional requirements, the basic structural patterns are added and combined to meet the needs of different users. Eventually these modules can be combined into an apartment building.
Permanent flexibility The main concern of the second issue in flexible use is stated by Schneider and Till (2005, p. 287) as “the ability to adjust one’s housing over time” including “the potential to incorporate new technologies over time, to adjust to changing demographics, or even to completely change the use of the building from housing to something else”. It is the flexibility offered by the structuralsystem and the service spaces, in other words, the permanent components of the buildings. The design of these permanent components determines whether a housing project is flexible or not, in the long run. The capability of fulfilling the changing wishes and demands of users over time is called “permanent flexibility” by Galfetti (2003, p. 90). The possible future changes in needs and demands can be estimated from demographical changes such as increase/decrease in the number of household members, practical changes required by an occupant’s loss of abilities to do certain things, mostly because of aging, and possible functional transformations of the building from residential to something else as shown in (Figure 2-7), (Schneider and Till, 2005a). When we consider the flexibility of a house from a long-term perspective across most of the user’s life cycle, it is referred to as the adaptability of a house, which called Long-Term Adaptability.
Long-Term Adaptability. Long-term adaptability of a dwelling refers to its adaptability to unknown activities and uses. That is Apartments as a exible housing adapting to life cycles
WHY 1. Adaptability Design offers a wide range of benefits to people of all ages and abilities by creating an environment where people can feel more comfortable at home. 2. It is the creation of a home for a lifetime which aims to meet everyone’s needs and avoids building barriers that discriminate against any of the people living in or visiting the home. 5. Adaptability housing is an approach to building homes using a range of attitudinal, design and construction refinements to create a home that: 1) is adaptable for the changing needs of people over time; 2) ensures that the design works for the person, rather than the person working to fit with the design; 3) and can be economically adapted in the future if necessary. 4. Throughout the user’s life cycle, adult children come and go – often residing longer with their families and studying for many years. Ageing parents may come and stay for extended periods when needing assistance or company. 5. The ageing population and the changing structure of the Australian family, nature of work, entertainment and education mean that 21st century housing should be able to adapt to the needs of people at every stage of life.
HOW Site 1. The house/dwelling number is easy to ďŹ nd and can be seen easily from the street both day and night. The path, front gate and front door are, allowing an easy approach to the house. 2. Make rubbish bins, recycling storage, letterboxes, and garden tool storage accessible along paths. But it will not obstruct the road of entry, the road is smooth. 3.Accessibility is a must, and access to the home is step-less, making it easier for people in wheelchairs and with strollers. 4. Locate car parking close to the entry with at least one covered parking space. Parking spaces are wide enough (3,800mm) to allow people to get in. 5. A wheelchair or stroller is also allowed to enter the house safely after parking. 6. Install electronically operated garage doors. So that people don’t have to get out of the car to open and close the garage door.
Structural System The structural system, as being one of the fixed and permanent parts of the building, is important in determining whether the architectural layout will be flexible or not. The flexibility of residential buildings is related to their permanent components and the variable ones. Projecting future scenarios during the design process makes buildings to be adaptable and changeable according to ever changing wishes and demands of the users. For instance, correct decisions about the frequency of the structural elements and the usage of load bearing walls, can allow changes to be made in future. In that sense. There are two main structural practices to attain flexibility: “base structures” and “polyvalent organizations”. The former refers to a structural system that allows a layout that is not fixed in functional sense, however vague and left as generic space. It is mostly composed of columns and beams. The latter one, “polyvalent organization”, is based on designing vague rooms or cells that are appropriate for any function.
In the early stages of designing a new house or renovation, consider what type of use may be desirable and discuss your choices with your architect, designer or builder. Consider the following: 1) Is it likely that the house will be extended in the future? 2) How might the use of space change over time? 3) Is it desirable for the house to be accessible for elderly friends and relatives who have a disability? 4) Is it desirable to make provisions for the future accommodation of an ageing or disabled occupant? Adaptable housing solutions can also be considered in smaller projects.
An adaptable house entry should: 1.provide easy access from both the street and car parking spaces in all weather and light conditions 2,avoid stairs and use ramps only where essential 3.dimension both ramps and stairs in compliance with AS 1428.1 4.construct access paths from well drained, solid, non-slip surfaces that provide a high colour contrast to surrounding garden areas 5.light pathways with low level lighting directed at the path s urface, not the user For security, the house entrance needs to be visible from the entry point to the site or the car parking space. Entry door locks and lever handles should be ďŹ tted at appropriate heights and be able to be used with one hand. Ensure no obstructions or level changes limit access by a wheelchair user or are a tripping hazard to others.
Interior — general The interior of the house should allow easy movement between spaces; often, this simply means slightly widening internal doors and passageways. Internal doors should have a minimum unobstructed width of 820mm and passageways a minimum of 1000mm, but any additional width is beneficial. Lighting design needs to respond to the specific use of different spaces by evenly distributing light to avoid shadows, especially over work surfaces. Lighting should also be able to provide stronger illumination when required for those with impaired vision. Window sills should be low enough to allow unobstructed views to the exterior from standing, sitting and lying positions where appropriate. Where different floor surfaces meet, they need to be level and fitted with cover strips to prevent tripping.
Adaptable house: living room. Living spaces should be comfortable and accessible to all residents and visitors. To accommodate a range of activities and tasks it is advisable to install thermal conditioning and services to suit a variety of furniture layouts. In homes accommodating an elderly or disabled person it is advisable to provide a living space separate to the bedroom and main family areas for additional privacy. It may be located inside or outside the home in an area protected from weather.
Adaptable house:Wet areas In the design of all wet areas such as toilets, bathrooms and laundry: 1.ensure adequate sizing for access and circulation 2.locate storage for easy and safe use 3.install non-slip surfaces to minimise accidents. If separate bathroom and toilet facilities are preferred, install a removable wall between the toilet cubicle and the bathroom during construction. To reduce the amount of work required later, install such a wall as a nonloadbearing partition after the floor and wall finishes are completed. Similarly, install items such as vanity cupboards, toilet bowls or shower screens which may require relocation or modification, as removable fixtures after all surrounding surfaces are completed. One common adaptation employed in bathrooms is the installation of grab rails for support and stability. In addition, allow leg space around handbasins and locate items such as mirrors, electrical outlets and controls so they can be used by people both standing and seated.
Adaptable house: cooking spaces. To accommodate a wheelchair user or other seated occupant, portions of the work surfaces should be constructed at a lower level than those for standing users, with leg room provided under work benches. To facilitate such changes kitchen joinery can be installed using modular components that allow for easy removal or modiďŹ cation of individual parts rather than the reconstruction of the entire joinery layout. Install such components after the non-slip oor ďŹ nish is completed. Design the kitchen with safety considerations in mind including: 1.appropriately sized work spaces to the side of all appliances such as the cooktop, oven, microwave and refrigerator 2.proximity of the cooktop to the sink to allow easy transfer of pots between the two for draining 3.contrasting colours between bench tops and cupboard fronts to assist the visually impaired.
Adaptable house: Plans and Spaces “The architectural plan� of the residential blocks in terms of the variety of unit types and the spatial organization of typesdemand multi-function ,reuse of space and modifiabilityShrinking and Growing). Modifiability of a building refers to its capacity to meet the changing needs of its users. For example, in individual units should be equipped, spatially as well as technically to be linkable or easily detachable, both vertically as well as horizontally, to allow for expansion or reduction of unit size.
There are a various plan to achieve flexibility by joining spaces together and dividing up.
CASE STUDY----Habitat 21 This project is an initiative by Vicurban to deliver sustainable and aordable houses, designed by architects to the volume builder market. The design brings a wide range of environmentally sustainable technologies and strategies to the mainstream, as well as some innovative technology. The contribution to spatial design is to provide a generous and adaptable three bedroom house within a constrained footprint and budget. The house footprint is around two thirds of the average area for this market home. This is achieved by good simple planning, aimed at making the interior adaptable to a number of social arrangements. Two key moves facilitate this. First, a bedroom wing is separable and adaptable as a home office, or living space for a semi-independent person. Second, treating the garage as a key covered outdoor space, connecting to the house and a side pergola space. Together these elements form the entry sequence and radically expand the possibilities for living arrangements in the suburban three bedroom house.
Groud Plan Floor
Series of diagrams demonstrating flexibility of use.
Floor Plan
This adaptable house has three flexible form to meet diversified demand by all-aged users.It can be changed to a two houses residential housing by dividing the interior spaces or a working studio for client who wants to work at home.Also,it can be changed to adpat a big family’s daily life by openning all of the separating walls and garage gate.
Perspective drawing of semi-detached unit and adjoining outdoor space.
Perspective drawing of house from the street, demonstrating separate entries.
Competition Brief Themes Group 8 Biqin Li / Li Ann Lim
Find examples of adaptability, mid-density, or innovative suburbanmulti-res housing. Inc. Baugruppen at WGV, Gen Y Step House, Hip V. Hype.
HOUSING MODELS
BUILT PROJECTS 1. Baugruppe - White Gum Valley 2. Nightingale - Nightingale 1 3. Collaborative Development - Davison Collaborative 4. Gen Y - Step House
CONCEPTUAL PROJECTS 5. Beyond the Shell - London Affordable Housing Challenge
BUILT PROJECTS
1. Baugruppe - White Gum Valley
Baugruppe Housing Model Baugruppe is a German term that translates as “building group”. It describes the European housing model whereby people come together to be the developer of their own higher density homes. The result is well-designed, more affordable and sustainable homes, designed for long-term needs rather than profit.
White Gum Valley
The concept design was prepared by multi-award winning Fremantle Architect, Michael Patroni of spaceagency. It took the form of a modular design capable of accommodating 17 homes of various sizes. Single storey modules accommodate one bedroom, one bedroom plus study or two bedroom homes. Double storey modules accommodate three or four bedroom homes. Seventeen undercover parking spaces are provided plus charging for electric cars, bikes and scooters. The WGV residential estate also featured an electric share car scheme and an EV fast charging station. All homes were climate responsive, using passive solar design and innovative construction materials, resulting in homes that were more comfortable and required less energy. A shared, battery ready, solar panel system generated renewable energy to ensure lower operating costs. Shared facilities included a common room, guest suite, community gardens and a rooftop terrace.
BUILT PROJECTS
2. Nightingale - Nightingale 1
Nightingale Housing Model Nightingale Housing is based on a new housing model that believes that multi-residential housing can and should be cheaper and better, that putting people first and cutting out a few middlemen along the way, really can create homes that are socially, financially and environmentally sustainable. In this model, architects develop their own designs for medium-density apartment buildings. Profit margins are capped, and savings are passed directly onto homebuyers. For their part, homebuyers must be owner-occupiers, and they must agree to certain limitations about on-selling their apartment in the future, to ensure affordability is passed on.
Nightingale 1
Nightingale 1, designed by Breathe Architecture, was the ďŹ rst apartment building developed under this new model. The brand new, ďŹ velevel, 20-apartment building in Brunswick had no carparks, no air conditioning, shared laundry facilities and a lush rooftop garden. The apartments are roomy, ceilings are lofty, interiors stripped of expensive details, yet beautiful in their pared-back simplicity. The community that has been fostered at Nightingale 1 remains one of it’s best achievements.
BUILT PROJECTS
3. Collaborative Development - Davison Collaborative
Collaborative Deelopment Housing Model The Collaborative Development model is a legal and ďŹ nancial structure, enabling collaborators to pool ďŹ nancial resources in order to break down the barriers of very high property prices. Its overarching goal is to create access to highly sustainable homes, in well-connected inner-city areas, in a transparent and considered way.
The Davison Collaborative
The Davison Collaborative sought to create better quality, more sustainable and more ďŹ nancially accessible townhouse style homes in inner urban locations where property prices are increasingly forcing people out of the market. Each townhouse is split over two levels, and contains three bedrooms, two bathrooms, one car and considered circulation to ensure separation between public and private spaces - a key in maximising liveability in higher density living. The residences are all electric, powered by solar energy during the day and solar energy stored in the batteries during the evening. The homes are targeted to be net carbon positive in operation, reducing their environmental impact, as well as reducing energy bills for the residents. There was a targeted a minimum environmental rating of 8 stars and fossil fuel free 100% electric green power.
BUILT PROJECTS
4. Gen Y - Step House
Gen Y‘ers
A generation that is fast being priced out of the ‘Australian dream’
Gen Y Housing Model A practical housing model that can easily be replicated to provide an affordable living environment for Gen Y’ers and future generations to come. With a design strategy of ‘small and raw’ units that are well located and well priced, the project attempts to reconceptualise what is achievable when community, sustainability and cost are prioritised equally.
The Gen Y Demonstration Housing Project
? LOW DENSITY Single Family Housing
MEDIUM DENSITY “Missing Middle“
HIGH DENSITY Apartments
“And then coming back to affordability, the biggest challenge, you’re wanting everyone to have the ability to buy something and have ownership of something. Even if it is small now, it becomes something they can grow from in the future.” --David Barr
The project is based around a standardised core wet area and kitchen, with the three separate homes having a combined internal area that is less than the average Australian home. Each unit is strata titled to contain private ownership of interior and exterior spaces and shared common property. The ‘Gen Y’ demonstration housing speaks to a desire for community by providing generous shared external and semi-external areas. Amalgamated productive gardens, gathering spaces and storage areas (for bikes, kayaks, scooters and beyond) create an external area that is shared between units and with the street. Step House, referring to the ability for young people to use the apartment as a step onto the housing ladder.
CONCEPTUAL PROJECTS
5. Beyond the Shell - London Affordable Housing Challenge
Community-led self build scheme
This project is rooted in a self-build scenario, developing the naked shell and unfinished minimum inhabitation spaces methodology, encouraging users to participate and customize their living spaces tailored to their needs over the time. The unfinished shell address the issue of over-finished but un-affordable housing supply, providing a strategy to take advantage of residents’ labor to cut down the construction cost, lowering the price.
OFFERED VS. NOT OFFERED?
Distributed and transportable digital fabrication method for sidderent sites and residents
FABRICATION VS. ASSEMBLY?
Distributed and transportable digital fabrication method for sidderent sites and residents
Discrete parts
Apartment units cluster with minimal living standard for the sake of aordability
Apartment unit for single and young couples
Live-work community clusters for 1-8 households
Assembly manual for residents from participation to creation
STANDARD VS. FLEXIBILITY?
Click, customize your community
Choose the level of self-build The more residents involved self-build is, the more affordable the development would be for residents.
Foresee cluster’s growth at different stages With the growth of family or community over the years, GFA can be increased by adding additional prefabricated components.
Preference of your neighbors Indicate the preference of your neighbors who you are sharing daily life with. The community is established on the communal activities.
Preference of privacy and accessibility Varied degrees of privacy and accessibility can be achieved and co-existing in the scheme.
Choose a specific scale for the community Different scales can be achieved in the scheme. Every scale is compatible to other scale development.
REAL VS. VIRTUAL?
Civic Scale FUTURE HOUSE COMPETITION BRIEF THEMES Group 9 Task 2 Civic Scale Rupert Reed / Shan Jin
Group 9 Civic Scale: What are the main civic amenities that make up our suburbs? What opportunities are there to include new or existing type of civic amenity in the housing projects. Show some examples.
SOURCE 1 Civic Amenities - Shelter/Canopy Marsden Park Amenities / CHROFI + JMD Design
• “Provides local community sports teams with facilities to prepare for their next game under the dappled light of a living canopy. The pavilion offers the experience of getting changed under a tree while providing the privacy, security, and amenity of a bespoke community building”. • “The structure has a civic quality, embodying a sense of shared community pride and contributing to the community’s local identity and sense of place.” Marsden Parks, canopy exhibits how the shelter can provide a place of gathering and establish a sense of community.
Reference: https://www.archdaily.com/929006/marsden-park-amenities-chrofi-plus-jmd-design
SOURCE 2 Public Civic Amenities - Public Seating North Bondi Amenities by Sam Crawford Architects with Lymesmith.
• “Provides local community sports teams with facilities to prepare for their next game under the dappled light of a living canopy. The pavilion offers the experience of getting changed under a tree while providing the privacy, security, and amenity of a bespoke community building”. • “The structure has a civic quality, embodying a sense of shared community pride and contributing to the community’s local identity and sense of place.” The implementation of concrete plinths for seating, on what previously were blank brick walls; establishes zones for socialising, communication and aids in developing a sense of community.
Reference: https://samcrawfordarchitects.com.au/portfolio/north-bondi-amenities/
SOURCE 3 Public Civic Amenities - Adaptive Reuse Abandoned Silo, into climbing gym Amsterdam - NL Architect • “The City of Amsterdam launched the original competition to turn abandoned sewage treatment silos on Zeeburgereiland into an exciting public space in 2009. • NL Architects’ idea to convert them into a climbing gym. Now that the project is underway, the city invited the firm to perform a feasibility study for a world-class climbing and mountaineering facility. Climbing has become a particularly popular sport in The Netherlands and a facility like this could draw thousands of people to the area for recreation and competition.” This proposal shows civic amenity in the form of adaptive reuse. The blanket boundary wall of the future could be reimagined for such
proposed, intended to promote activity and exercise.
https://inhabitat.com/nl-architects-get-second-chance-to-turn-an-abandoned-silo-into-a-climbing-gym/siloo-onl-architects-2/
SOURCE 4 Public Civic Amenities - Communal Green Open Space Sanya Lake Park Super Market Proposal / NL Architects • “The idea is now to place the main shopping volume underground. The Super Market can directly draw its customers from the large basement parking below the residential buildings. • “In addition delivery and logistics can now disappear underground as well.” NL Architects reimagined and challenged the commercial norm of supermarkets today as boxed warehouses. By placing the program underground, the opportunity for staggered greenery with communal gathering spaces was realised. I believe that a similar stepped approach to landscaping could be incorporated within high-density residential living to improve shared/private outdoor amenity for residents.
Reference: https://www.archdaily.com/366482/sanya-lake-park-super-market-proposal-nl-architects
SOURCE 5 Semi-Public / Private Civic Amenities - Road Infrastructure The Rye Apartments / Tikari Works ARCHITECTS: Tikari Works TYPE: Apartments LOCATION: LONDON UNITED KINGDOM COMPLETION DATE: 2020 BUILDING AREA: 880m2
• A sustainable apartments on a highly visible corner site opposite. • A mix of 1, 2, and 3-bedroom units. • It sets in two blocks that form the termination of an urban block.
• A sibling relationship has been built between the building and their neighbourhood. • A concrete plinth at the street front extends the full length of the site. • It helps to resolve changes in site-level. • Also provbide an enclosing bicycle + bin storage spaces. • Providing shelter from the busy main road. • Increasing the walkability.
https://www.archdaily.com/942757/the-rye-apartments-tikari-works?ad_medium=gallery
SOURCE 5 Semi-Public / Private Civic Amenities - Road Infrastructure The Rye Apartments / Tikari Works
https://www.archdaily.com/942757/the-rye-apartments-tikari-works?ad_medium=gallery
SOURCE 6 Private Civic Amenities -Private Open Space Towers Road House / Wood/Marsh ARCHITECTS: Wood/Marsh TYPE: Houses LOCATION: MELBOURNE, AUSTRALIA COMPLETION DATE: 2018 BUILDING AREA: 1930m2
• Like a curtain, the substantial concrete wall carves out a series of landscaped arcs eliminating the archetypal boundary fence, extending the garden to the street, and blurring the demarcation between public and private space. •
This gesture generates a secluded private realm and the opportunity to open all living and bedroom spaces onto a northern garden.
https://www.archdaily.com/940990/towers-road-house-wood-marsh?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_ result_all
SOURCE 6 Private Civic Amenities -Private Open Space Towers Road House / Wood/Marsh
https://www.archdaily.com/940990/towers-road-house-wood-marsh?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_ result_all
SOURCE 7 Private Civic Amenities -Communal Space Gallery-House / Carles Enrich ARCHITECTS: Carles Enrich TYPE: Houses LOCATION: BARCELONA, SPAIN COMPLETION DATE: 2017 BUILDING AREA: 185m2
The project aims to enhancing comfort situations in the intermediate spaces as living thresholds by regarding the house as a gallery that connects the street with the inner courtyard.
• Passive climate strategies are enhanced by understanding that most of the year’s domestic life will occur in the yard or in the intermediate thresholds. • In this sense architects optimize the interior-exterior relationship, create shade in summer and use a carpentry system that allows the maximum openings in order to inhabit an intermediate gallery.
https://www.archdaily.com/940990/towers-road-house-wood-marsh?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_ result_all
SOURCE 7 Private Civic Amenities -Communal Space Gallery-House / Carles Enrich
https://www.archdaily.com/940990/towers-road-house-wood-marsh?ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_ result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Supply Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems ‘Scaling up the expandable house’ ARCHITECTS: Urban Rural Systems TYPE: Social Housing LOCATION: NONGSA, INDONESIA COMPLETION DATE: 2020 BUILDING AREA: 108m2
Background: the expandable house (rumah tambah in Bahasa Indonesia, or rubah for short) offers affordable and sustainable dwelling options to the rapidly growing populations of Asia’s largest cities. Combining lessons from existing informal settlements, incremental housing precedents and principles of sustainable tropical building, the expandable house is designed to adapt to the fluctuating patterns of resource consumption and expenditure, or metabolism, of its residents.
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
• All of the technical systems required to hoist the roof with manual labor and simple tools, collect rainwater, solar energy and manage domestic waste have been successfully trialed. • The project involves piloting the neighborhood and township elements at 1:1, such as alleyways, courtyards, public spaces, district cooling, water retention and peer-to-peer energy sharing systems.
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all
SOURCE 8 Private Civic Amenities -Water Expandable House Part 02 / Urban Rural Systems
https://www.archdaily.com/934398/expandable-house-part-02-urban-rural-systems?ad_source=search&ad_ medium=search_result_all