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English Grammar for Tenth Class By student Jaeger Khorsheed
With Help Mehvan teacher
This gift quires for all students
English Grammar For Tenth Class
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How Many: How many + (pl.n.) + are there + complement? - How many pupils are there in class H? - How many desks are there in the class? When: - When did he go to school? Where: - Where do you live? What: - What's your name? Who: - Who are you?
Advising: S. +
Should Need to
+ base + complement
Example: I have got a headache. - You should go to the hospital. - You need to take medicine.
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Suggestion: Let's + base + complement - Let's go to the supermarket. Maybe + sub + can + base + complement - Maybe we can meet at night. Refuse: - Sorry I can't. - I am afraid, I can't. Accepting: - Yes. That's fine. - Fine. No problem.
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Present Continuous: Is S. + Am are
+ (V.ing) + complement
- We are playing football. Is S. + Am are
+ not + (V.ing) + complement
- We are not playing football. Is Am + sub + (V.ing) + complement are - Are we playing football? How, at the moment
Present Simple: He She It
+ (V.s) + complement
- Sara plays basketball.
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They We + base + complement You I - We play basketball. Negative:
he,she,it
doesn't
I,we,they,you base - They don't cut trees. - She doesn't finish all the work.
don't
do,does
Questions: Does +
He She It
+ base + complement?
Do + They + base + complement? We You I - Does he finish his homework? - Do they finish their work?
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Adverbs Of Frequency: (always, usually, often, sometimes, never) S. + V.be + adv. Of frequency + adj - It is sometimes hot. S. + adv. Of frequency + (verb) - I never smoke.
Past Simple: S. + (V.be) + complement - We were in the class. - My brother was a player. Negative: - He wasn't a student. Question: - Was he a student? - Were they student? Answer/ yes – no - Where were they student? Answer/ they were student at...
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Past Simple With Main: S. +
V.in past V.ed Irregular V.
+ complement
- They played very well last night. 2009-yesterday-ago-last Negative: S. + didn't + base dign't - They didn't play very well last night.
Used To: We should use after (to) + inff‌ - He used to listen the stories on the radio. - They used to eat an apple at night.
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/t/ th
sh-ch-k-p
/t/ ed Stopped – Parked – Watched – Asked – Looked – Talked /id/ t
d
ed
/id/
ed Started – Ended – Wanted /d/
Scored
/d/
Reflex Pronouns: I You He She We They You
>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>
myself yourself himself herself ourselves themselves yourselves
Examples: - He hurt himself. - They burnt themselves. - Stop, Lily, or you are going to fall and hurt yourself! - Stop, Tom, or you are going to crash and hurt yourself!
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Past Continuous: S. +
Was Were
+ base + ing + object
- We were playing football. - He was playing football. Negative: S. +
Was Were
+ not + base + ing + object
- We weren't playing football. - He wasn't playing football. Question: Was Were
+ s. + base + ing + object ?
- Were you playing football. - Was he playing football.
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Past Continuous + Past Simple: While + past continuous + past simple Past simple + while + past continuous Example: - While we were playing football, it started to rain. - It started to rain while we were playing football. - While I was going to school, the lesson started. - The lesson started while I was going to school. When + past simple + past simple Past simple + when + past simple When + past simple + past continuous Example: - When he arrived, he had a dinner. - We had dinner when he arrived. - When he arrived, we were having dinner.
Adjective And Adverbs: Example: - He is a careful driver. (adj) - He drives carefully. (adv) - She is a fast runner. (adj) - She can run fast. (adv) - Your English is good. (adj) - You speak English well. (adv)
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Quantifiers: (Some, much, many, a little, a few, a lot of) Some: - We bought some bottles of cola. - Could you give me some bottles of cola, please? - Would you like some sugar? Any: - Do you have any questions? - No, we don't have any questions. Much: - How much money did you spend? - I didn't spend much money. Many: - Have you got many apples? - We haven't got many apples. A little: - I like a little water in my juice.
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A few: - Ew only need a few oranges. A lot of: - A lot of people drive very fast. - We bought a lot of rice.
(a/an, some, the or (-) zero article) a/an: indefinite article - I had a sandwich and an apple for lunch. The: definite article - The sandwich wasn't very good, but the apple was nice. Some: quantifiers - We need some cola. (-): zero article - I love (-) bananas. -
a/an
-
the
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some
-
-
zero article
Too, Either: >>>>> I really like meat - Agree >>>>> I lover meat too. - Disagree >>>>> I can’t stand meats. >>>>> I don't like meat. - Agree >>>>> I love meat. - Disagree >>>>> I can't stand meat, either.
English Grammar For Tenth Class
too
-
either
-
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Relative Clauses With who, which and that: Example: - A dictionary is book which/that gives you the meaning of words. - Alexander bell was the man who/that invented the telephone.  He looked like a lot of young people, the people come to see me. (relative clauses) - He looked like a lot of young people who/that come to see me.  These groups give the 50 nutrients, we need the nutrients. - These groups give the 50 nutrients which/that we need.
Present Perfect: S. + Have + (yet, so far, already, nearly, just) + p.p Has Already: - He has already arrived. - Have you already arrived? Nearly: - She has nearly finished her work. - Have you nearly finished your work?
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Just: - I have just opened the door. - Has she just finished her work? Yet: - Have you found a job yet? - No, I haven't found a job yet. So far: - They haven't had problem so far. - How long you lived in Duhok so far? yet,so far yet how far
how much
have
-
how long
-
has
so far
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Past Simple Tense: S. + past verb + complement - She passed her examination. Negative: S. + did not + base + complement - She didn't pass her examination. Questions: Did + S. + base + complement? - Did she pass her examination?
Past Simple With (be): S. + Was + complement. Were - The weather was nice yesterday. Negative: S. +
Was + not + complement. Were
- The weather wasn't nice yesterday. Questions: Was + S. + complement? Were - Was the weather nice yesterday? yesterday, last, ago, 1996 English Grammar For Tenth Class
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Since, For: For: -
Since: 20 minutes 3 hours 4 days 5 weeks 6 months 2 years Along time Ages
- 3:00 o'clock - 3rd April - Sunday - 2000 - last (week) - Christmas - lunch time - they were at school
Examples: - He has not seen his friend for 5 days. - He has not seen his friend since last week.
Comparative And Superlative:
One syllable: Adjective Warm Thin Big Hot Heavy Lucky Pretty
Comparative warmer thinner bigger hotter heavier luckier prettier
English Grammar For Tenth Class
Superlative the warmest the thinnest the biggest the hottest the heaviest the luckiest the prettiest
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Two syllable: Adjective Beautiful Expensive Irregular: Adjective Good Bad Far
Comparative more beautiful less expensive
Comparative better worse farther
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Superlative the most beautiful the least expensive
Superlative the best the worst the farthest
Too ____, (not) ____ Enough: Too + adjective, (not) adjective enough. - The water was too dirty to swimming, - The water was (not) clean enough to swimming.
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Comparative Adverbs of Manner: -
Beth dresses more smartly than Sara. Sara dresses less smartly than Beth. Haval drives more slowly than Ben. Ben drives faster than Haval. faster
-
fast faster
-
faster drives
Adjective Warm Big Thin
Comparative warmer bigger thinner
Adverb warmly bigly thinly
Adjective Beautiful Good Far
Comparative Adverb more beautiful more beautiful better well farther far
Comparative more warmly more bigly more thinly
Comparative more beautiful better farther
Comparison With: as_____ as or (not) as_____ as As (not) + Adj - Adv + as - Ben is as tall as Haval. - Marks shoes aren't as expensive as Tom's. be tall, expensive - Emma dresses as smartly as Bahar. - John doesn't drive as carefully as his brother. smartly, carefully English Grammar For Tenth Class
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Open Conditional: If + Present Simple, Present Simple. When (S.+ Verb(s)+Com…) (S.+ don’t – doesn't + base) S. + Verb(be) + com…) Present Simple +
If + Present Simple. When
- If/When mum is very tired, I make dinner for the family. - I make dinner for the family, if/when mum is very tired.
First Conditional: If + Present Simple, Future with (will) When (S. + will + base) Future with will + -
If + Present Simple. When
If it rains, we will not go to picnic. We will not go to picnic, if it rains. When I am ready, I will call you. I will call you, when I am ready.
Second Conditional: If + Past Simple, S. + (S. + v.ed + com…) (S. + didn't + base + com…) (S. + verb(be) + com…)
Would Would + base probably Might Could
- If I won a car, I would learn to drive. - If the book wont so expensive, I might buy it. English Grammar For Tenth Class
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Reported (indirect) Statement: 2 and 2
Direct Present Simple Present Continuous I We My Our
Indirect Past Simple Past Continuous She, He They Her, His Their
(Name) said (that) or (Name) told me (that) Q/ change this direct statement into indirect statement? - "My parents are very well" Ben said A/ indirect statement - Ben said (that) his parents were very well. Direct - "I am interested in football" Haval told me. Indirect - Haval told me (that) he was interested in football. that (name) said (that) (name) told me (that)
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Reported Requests: S. +
Asked + object + to infinitive Wanted
- "Can you show me the way to Duhok?" Mark asked Pedro. Mark asked Pedro to show him the way to Duhok. - "Could you open the window, please?" Ben asked his friend. Ben asked his friend to open the window. -
can, could, please, would
Reported Order (commands): S. + told + object + (not) + to infinitive
"Stay in bed for a few days" the doctor told Haval. The doctor told Haval to stay in bed for a few days. "Don't shout" Ben told Mark. Ben told Mark not to shout
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Present and Past Passive:
Present Passive: Is O. + Am + p.p Are
Past Passive: O. +
Was + p.p Were
- Somebody cleans this classroom every day. (active) This classroom is cleaned every day. (passive) - Somebody cleaned this class room yesterday. (active) This classroom was cleaned yesterday. (passive)
Passive by agent: - Coaches train members. (active) Members are trained by coaches. (passive) - Millions of people watched the program. (active) The program was watched by millions of people. (passive)
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English Grammar for Tenth Class By student Jaeger Khorsheed With Help Mehvan teacher Special thanks‌ Special thanks for my teacher Mehvan. And thanks for all my friends for respect for me.
THE END If You Don't Want Any Questions. Edge Away From The Answer. English Grammar For Tenth Class
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