Kansas Energy Center

KANSAS ENERGY CENTER JEREMY NELSON COMPREHENSIVE STUDIO

PROF. BILL CARSWELL SPRING 2012

table of contents

part 1 / design INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

PRESENTATION

background

client expectations

in context

clients

sustainability & well-being exterior features

program site analysis problem analysis

organization community & image

interior features the street

part 2 / detail TECHNICAL

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX

code compliance

plans

extended studies

the perfect wall

sections

process documentation

mechanical systems wall sections structural systems

details

acknowledgements

chapter 1 / introduction

part 1 / design INTRODUCTION background clients program site analysis problem analysis

OBJECTIVES

PRESENTATION

TECHNICAL

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX

background PROJECT STATEMENT The Kansas Energy Center meets the growing needs of three important organizations. It provides storage space for a growing and unique library of information and geological samples; it provides three new

Early drawing of library window openings.

This project will demonstrate possibilities for the future home of the and ensure the clients’ objectives have been properly researched and resolved.

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY This building is a pioneer on unclaimed land. It has a rare opportunity to begin something new. It challenges the designer to think about what could begin here. While it is unlikely that this building will

clearly organized spaces that link into one another.

background STUDIO MISSION To design with technical integration and a plausible coprehensive understanding of...

DESIGN THINKING SKILLS ... Ability alternative outcomes against relevant criteria and standards.

TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION ... Ability components appropriate for a building design.

INVESTIGATIVE SKILLS ... Ability relevant information within architectural coursework and design processes.

ORDERING SYSTEMS SKILLS ... Understanding of the fundamentals of both natural and formal ordering systems and the capacity of each to inform two and three dimensional design.

HISTORICAL TRADITIONS AND GLOBAL CULTURE ... Understanding of parallel and

PRE-DESIGN ... Ability

The academic goal in this project was to focus on the useability and required in comprehensive studio (listed above).

ACCESSIBILITY ... Ability SUSTAINABILITY ... Ability of building construction and operations on future generations through means such as carbon-neutral

SITE DESIGN ... Ability watershed in the development of a project design.

LIFE SAFETY ... Ability to apply the basic principles of life-safety systems with an emphasis on egress.

ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ... Understanding the principles of environmental systems’ design assessment tools.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS ... Understanding of the basic principles of structural behavior contemporary structural systems.

clients

KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY The Kansas Geological Survey is a state organization founded around the collection of important data

need to be kept private and controlled despite the collaboration between the two. The KGSu will also require the largest amount of space of the three for storage.

KANSAS GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Kansas Geological Society is an organization of Petroleum Geologists and other engineers or scientists who search for natural resources in the state of Kansas. Due to their backing from the oil and

KANSAS CORPORATION COMMISSION The Kansas Corporation Commission is the largest of the three organizations. It generates prices for room where the Commissioner will make larger decisions between groups.

CLIENT OUTREACH: EDUCATION AND EVENTS The building should also provide gathering space and educational space for all three organizations.

and the state of Kansas. The educational space should be adaptable to all outreach possibilities. The in the site.

program

ENTIRE PROGRAM AREA = 63,124 SF - 12,480 SF (exterior program) = 50,644 interior program space +/- 15% circulation (7,600 SF) 74,592 SF = ACTUAL DESIGN SQ. FOOTAGE

gathering space. Expands important functions. Provides a distinct entry for guests and employees. Provides adequate safety.

N DESIGN SQUARE FOOTAGE = 74,592 SF ADMINISTRATION BUILDING = 21,168 SF X 2 STORIES = 42,336 SF ARCHIVE CENTER

= 25,200 SF

(1-story programmable space) STREET

= 7,056 SF

(entry, commons, circulation)

“street.” Warehouse on North side as buffer and windowless zone.

program

HEARING ROOM = 1,000 SF BREAK ROOM (CAFE) = 1,000 SF EDUCATION SPACE (INFORMAL GROUP/EXHIBIT) = 1,000 SF THREE GEMSTONES IN THE GEOLOGICAL STREET

COMMONS = 3,024 SF KCC = 21,168 SF SOCIETY = 14,112 SF SURVEY (ADMIN ONLY) = 2,016 SF

program

FINAL PROGRAM / PARTI DIAGRAM The three “gemstone� regions stack in the center of the street, and the three other organizations wrap around the common central space, allowing all the important entry points to border the street.

SPACE BUDGET GeoKansas Info Center Hearing & Conference Area

Unit Quantity 1 1

Unit Sq. Ft. 120 1,050

Kitchen/Break Area

1

300

Restroom Men 8 Cap. Restroom Women 8 Cap.

1 1

576 624

576 624

Modular Conference Area 125

1

2,400

2,400

Monitor Room Mechanical Room Computer/Telephone Hub Room

1 1 1

300 3,000 300

300 3,000 300

Toilets used exclusively by men.

Toilets used exclusively by women.

Area used for instruction with podium, supplemental HVAC, built-in special equipment such as lighting controls, projection, and sound conditioning in addition to desks and chairs. Has moveable partitions to devide into four separate workshops.

Room for monitoring fire control centers, fire and emergency control rooms, and security.

HVAC, Plumbing, or machinery, or combination.

Server, telephone, and electronic equipment racks.

Reception Desk Reception Area Open Workstation Office with Small Conference Room Energy Research Room Printer/Fax/Scan Center Sample Processing area Storage Map and Publication Inventory

1 1 1 1 1 1 1

80 120 80 330 200 20 1,750

80 120 80 330 200 20 1,750

Open office area to greet public.

Area for patron/clientele traffic, with seating.

Area that houses personnel and funiture and space is open to an adjacent corridor.

Office and conference room for single tennant.

Equipped for study in science, testing, analysis.

Open area for copying and some storage.

Area used to intake and preserve rock cuttings.

1

180

180

Warehouse Storage

1

15,250

15,250

Tool Storage Secure Storage

1 1

60 120

60 120

Entry Vestibule Reception Desk Reception Area Table Seating Log File Cabinets Individual Work Areas

1 1 1 10 1 10

80 80 120 16 4,550 20

80 80 120 160 4,550 200

Entrance area or hall that serves as a foyer.

Open office area to greet public.

Area for patron/clientele traffic, with seating.

General work or study are for customers Areas used primarily for log files. Not for Sale.

Private work or study areas for customers

Office Open Work Area Work Room Small Conference Area Duplication & Mailing Center

3 2 1 1 1

180 80 180 230 2,500

540 160 180 230 2,500

Warehouse Storage

1

3,450

3,450

Room that houses personnel to conduct business.

Area that houses personnel and furniture and space is open to an adjacent corridor.

An open room or area used by many people to conduct business.

Any office room used primarily as a conference room.

Open area for copying and some storage.

Rack storage 10 ft. high to store documents, maps, logs, and bulk materials. Essential to this space type is the capacity to accomodate vertical storage, space for vehicle material movement, and anticipated high floor loads.

KCC

Reception Desk Reception Area Table Seating Office Open Work Area Small Conference Area Office with Small Conference Room Printer/Fax/Scan Center Secure Storage Library & Filing Area

1 1 4 24 30 2 1 3 1 1

80 120 16 180 80 230 330 20 1,200 2,500

80 120 64 4,320 2,400 460 330 60 1,200 2,500

Open office area to greet public.

Area for patron/clientele traffic, with seating.

General work or study area for customers Room that houses personnel to conduct business.

Area that houses personnel and furniture and space is open to an adjacent corridor.

Any office rooms used primarily as conference room.

Office and conference room for single tennant.

Open area for copying and some storage.

Office Supplies and inventoried materials.

Space for reference materials not for sale.

EXTERIOR

Staff Parking Customer Parking Courier Parking Area Truck Loading Dock

75 35 5 3

96 96 96 480

7,200 3,360 480 1,440

Parking designated for staff only.

Parking deignated for customers only.

Parking designated for a person or company that delivers documents or packages by hand.

Area for efficient loading and unloading of trucks.

STREET

SURVEY

SOCIETY

Total Sq. Notes Ft. 120 Space for educational and reference materials that are not for sale.

1,050 Area used for determining an issue of fact - includes build out. May be used as conference room.

Area used by employees during break. May include a service unit and miscellaneous storage, 300 localized mail stop facilities, and other office amenities.

Area with shelving for retail inventory of maps, publications, and posters.

Rack storage 25 ft. high to store drill cutting sample boxes and bulk materials. Essential to this space type is the capacity to accomodate vertical storage, space for vehicle material movement, and anticipated high floor loads.

Forklift, Mowers and Tools Storage.

Office Supplies and inventoried materials.

site analysis

GREENWICH ROAD

SITE 13TH STREET

site analysis

TOPOGRAPHY

NATURAL PLANTING Tall Prairie Grass is the primary planting on the site.

DEVELOPMENT The site has excess space for the building

SUBURBAN SETTING

HIGH SPEED ROADS the South and West. The cutout begins an access road on Greenwich Street.

site analysis

JUNE (06)

SEPTEMBER (09)

Sun Chart for the site.

DECEMBER (12)

MARCH (03)

problem analysis EF5 DESIGN The Problem and a natural disaster would destroy over one hundred years of research.

Anatomy of a Tornado

juxtaposed with destroyed buildings.

Risk Management

Important Factors occur in exposed areas. Physical proximity to other buildings or shielding from topography can have a Design - Wind speeds increase with height above ground. The building’s width and depth are factors

and depressurization.

Recommendation

will increase cost of typical construction by only four times. This cost is minimal because the warehouse would be minimal cost to begin with and would not affect the overall cost too much. The archives are tornado.

Scalable Diagram of Tornado

Diagram of Tornadic Forces

SEPARATION OF ENTITIES

building would allow their employees and members to use the rock samples much more frequently.

Recommendation

pedestrian only street.

SUSTAINABILITY a profession has embraced sustainability as a necessary component of the job. The clents for the

sustainable design to some extent.

by taking advantage of the extra room with sustainable and healthy features. The second is more

sources and their effectiveness.

can include education points of interest about everything from oil to wind and solar.

part 1 / design INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES client expectations sustainability & well-being community & image

PRESENTATION

TECHNICAL

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX

client expectations BUILDING EXPECTATIONS objectives to achieve with our design.

SUSTAINABILITY & WELL-BEING 1. Lower energy costs. Sustainable design can reduce annual energy costs

I organized these eight objectives into three 2. Less pollution. Lowering energy use will result goals of this project.

reason to invest in the new building. These are the primary improvements the new building should have over the current workplaces of all three organizations.

reducing costs to society.

Better health and well-being task performances to sustainable features

three include different ways of understanding sustainable planning.

East Elevation Employee Entry

Liability associated with sick building syndrome may be reduced.

ECONOMY & EFFICIENCY Reduced operating and maintenance costs.

Water savings and sustainable landscaping

COMMUNITY & IMAGE Productivity. Studies show that organizations may lower absenteeism and increase productivity when buildings are healthier, more pleasant places to work.

over their lifetimes than their incremental Better image. Environmental stewardship in facilities fosters community acceptance Lower churn costs space reducing the cost of modifying space over the life of the building.

6. Same or reduced first costs. When sustainable design integrates natural

reduce both environmental impacts and construction costs.

cost siting of future facilities.

sustainability & well being geology

noun:

that act on it.

Geology is a part of the Earth, and studying the Earth includes understanding how to preserve the Earth.

being provided by the new building. My strategy for sustainability is to provide pragmatic sustainable responses to the program and site, create educational spaces for energy research, and allow the client to explore sustainable technology in the building.

OBJECTIVES

SOLUTIONS

Lower energy costs. Sustainable design can reduce annual energy costs

Less pollution. Lowering energy use will result

Pre-Fabricated where possible (Concrete Panels)

and reducing costs to society.

Better health and well-being performances to sustainable features

ventilation. Overhead lighting in the street provides a positive atmosphere and connection with the outdoors shared with all adjoining rooms to the street.

with sick building syndrome may be reduced.

D

D

D

D

D

VRF Technology uses refrigerant to pass energy in the form of heat from a hot region to a cold region energy over a traditional system.

BC

BC

Summer : solar heat is rejected by the exterior screen

OVERVIEW

open work environments.

Annual energy costs can be lowered with a thermally tight building and planning. The warehouse is

designed to have minimal exterior surface for its size. The two facilities and street are wrapped in one

OBJECTIVES

SOLUTIONS

Reduced operating and maintenance costs.

Water savings and sustainable landscaping measures

Operating and maintenance costs minimized by an

avoiding sewer expansion and overload.

Lower churn costs that can cost of modifying space over the life of the building.

grid. The steel structure allows for the interior walls

. When sustainable design that the building will have a minimal cost. Natural lighting is available in most of the building minimizing both environmental impacts and construction costs.

North Elevation (No Windows)

the square plan of the building.

EFFICIENCY ARCHIVE FACILITY

Two buildings with one central street - enclosed into and window openings to the South.

WATER MANAGEMENT ADMINISTRATION BUILDING

Parking lots have permeable paving with a gravel and Bioswale sits to the South and SouthWest of the building.

community & image OVERVIEW The site for this building is in a sprawled community. Sprawl can contribute to a lack of community and

such a way that other buildings on the site may wish to emulate.

about their organization. It will result in a greener and cleaner working environment.

The three organizations housed in this building are prestigious entities representing public and private expect a high-quality work environment. The subtle but solid design of the exterior creates the image that this building will be here a long time. The indoor street creates a sense of interior community and several references to the work done by the client.

different types of exhibitions. The wall itself will have visible horizontal formwork on its white interior

light comes in the upper skylight. This creates a metaphor to hidden gemstones within the building.

OBJECTIVES

SOLUTIONS

Productivity. Studies show that organizations The central street is a primary way that the may lower absenteeism and increase productivity building will be pleasant to work in. Workers can when buildings are healthier, more pleasant places to work. outside their front doors. The building also has much more natural light than the current working environments of all three organizations.

Better image. Environmental stewardship in The building has obvious sustainable measures which should help foster community acceptance. facilities fosters community acceptance such as solar panels on the roof or pavilion as cost to deal with energy research could also encourage a positive future facilities. image. The rain garden is both sustainable and pleasant.

chapter 3 / presentation

part 1 / design INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

PRESENTATION in context exterior features organization interior features the street

TECHNICAL

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX

in context

Visitor Parking

Extension of Geological Street

Pu

Employee Parking Native Kansas Oak

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ublic Event Area

in context

exterior features

West Elevation Visitor Entry

Frosted Glass Sun Screen

Shaded Corner Park

Visitor Entry

Extension of Geological Street

organization

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5

15

30

60

Kansas Geological Survey Kansas Geological Society Kansas Corporation Commission Circulation

interior features

Society Library Reading Areas

South Elevation

Egress Door

the street

Educational Gathering Space

Hearing Room

Cafe Break Area

the street

Employee Entry

KCC Entry Break Cafe Society Entry

the street Hearing Room

Modular Conferen

Educatio

nce Room

on Space Survey Entry

Visitor Entry

chapter 4 / technical

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

PRESENTATION

0 5 15

30

60

part 2 / detail TECHNICAL code compliance the perfect wall mechanical systems structural systems

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX

code compliance APPLICABLE CODES INTERNATIONAL BUILDING CODE, 2009 (NEW YORK CITY) FEMA 361, SECOND EDITION / AUGUST 2008 NFPA 5000, BUILDING CONSTRUCTION AND SAFETY CODE NFPA 101, LIFE SAFETY CODE NFPA 12, STANDARD ON CARBON DIOXIDE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEMS OSHA 1910, SUBPART E, EXIT ROUTES, EMERGENCY ACTION PLANS, AND FIRE PREVENTION PLANS SPECIAL ATTENTION TO IBC SECTIONS 404, 413 AND 423 OF CHAPTER 4, AND SECTION 904.8 CARBON DIOXIDE SYSTEMS

OCCUPANCY GROUPS ASSEMBLY GROUP “A-3” OFFICE AREAS GROUP “B” HIGH-PILED RACK STORAGE GROUP “S-1” NON-HAZARDOUS STORAGE GROUP “S-2” LOBBY/CORRIDOR/MECHANICAL

8,600 SF 31,000 SF 17,000 SF 7,400 SF 10,000 SF

CONSTRUCTION TYPE TYPE II B (ENTIRELY NEW CONSTRUCTION)

FIRE EXTINGUISHER CABINETS ONE CABINET IN CORRIDORS WITHIN 75’ OF ALL AREAS

CORRIDORS MINIMUM CLEAR WIDTH IN CORRIDORS: 42” OR 3’ 6”

ACTUAL CORRIDOR WIDTH: OFFICE MINIMUM = 7’ 6” LOBBY MINIMUM = 8’ 6” VESTIBULE MINIMUM = 15’

NOT RATED DUE TO BUILDING SPRINKLER SYSTEM

FIRE SUPPRESSION & ALARM SYSTEM THE BUILDING WILL BE SPRINKLED THROUGHOUT THE HIGH PILED RACK STORAGE (GROUP S-1) WILL INCLUDE A BUILT IN CARBON DIOXIDE SUPPRESSION SYSTEM, AS SPECIFIED IN NFPA 12 MANUAL SYSTEM WITH PULL STATIONS, HORNS AND STROBES

FIRE WALL 1-HR RATING VERTICAL CIRCULATION AND VERTICAL CHASE

N

EGRESS INFOGRAPHIC

0 5 15

30

60

code compliance FLOOR 1 N

LEGEND EXIT EXTERIOR EXIT INTERIOR FIRE EXTINGUISHER FEMA SHELTER NON-RATED SMOKE PARTITION 1-HR RATED PARTITION FIRST FLOOR ASSEMBLY (A-3) = 7,817 SQ FT OFFICE (B) = 11,947 SQ FT STORAGE (S-1) = 17,159 SQ FT STORAGE (S-2) = 3,429 SQ FT MECHANICAL = 2,500 SQ FT LOBBY/CORRIDOR = 6,197 SQ FT

FLOOR 2 N

LEGEND EXIT EXTERIOR (ON FIRST FLOOR) EXIT INTERIOR FIRE EXTINGUISHER FEMA SHELTER NON-RATED SMOKE PARTITION 1-HR RATED PARTITION FIRST FLOOR ASSEMBLY (A-3) = 760 SQ FT OFFICE (B) = 19,040 SQ FT STORAGE (S-2) = 3,940 SQ FT LOBBY/CORRIDOR = 1,300 SQ FT

the perfect wall The perfect wall is a study done by the building science corporation, which has researched building enclosures to discover how they fail, and how to resist failure. In theory, the perfect wall is simple. Create a continuous wrap of the building which includes thermal, vapor, moisture, and air barriers. The vapor, moisture, and air barriers providing a break between what is inside, and what is outside.

Enclosures that Work, is a practical application of the perfect wall based on climate regions and typical building practices. The wall section on the right is an example of an “Enclosures that Works� study done on this climate type. This study is based in Louisville.

mechanical systems OVERVIEW The building uses a joint mechanical system due to the range in sizes and user groups within the program. The larger spaces use a traditional DX system, based around a mechanical room on the East side of the building.

N

The admin building, on the other hand, is run system (or VRF). This system is responsible for saving the building on energy through transfering refrigerant between hot and cold regions in the building.

VRF systems in a building this size can have a payback of 3-5 years through energy savings.

The diagram to the right shows an infographic representation of all the systems involved in the building. Each following page will break down a portion of the mechanical system.

The diagram below illustrates a basic VRF split system, and the hierarchy of the system.

D

D

D

BC

D

D

BC

0 5 15

30

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DX The DX system is necessary in this building to take peaks off the large spaces. It is not intended to keep a single termperature in the street or archive center, but siimply to make it improved on extremely hot or cold

N

in large spaces to make a difference, so the DX system works perfectly here.

The diagram on the right shows in green the zones run by the DX system, all on the North side. This side of the building has minimal windows, and thick insulation to keep it regulated on its own. The DX system should need minimal power to keep the areas controlled.

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mechanical systems VRF VRF systems are unique in that they act like traditional air conditioning and heating systems in extreme hot or cold; however, when used in conjunction with a heat exchanger, and a smart grid, the refrigerant can be passed around a closed loop carrying heat to cool areas and cold to warm areas without actually running the condensing units.

N

BC units on the grid allow refrigerant to transfer in multiple directions, and choose where to send hot and cold in the building strategically. These units allow for individual to choose the temperature they like to keep their room even if the room next door is running air conditioning at the same time they want to run heat. All without wasting energy.

As shown in the diagram to the right, the condensing units are placed in the center of the admin building roof. The refrigerant then passes through chases aligned with the structural grid and passing next to columns. The spread out condensers allow for shorter overall runs, which is safer, because it allows less refrigerant, and follows code on dealing with refrigerant.

The most important aspect of the VRF is to take advantage of hot and cold regions in the building within each run. In order to do this, the entire grid of VRF runs North/ South, and when the North portion of the the North areas. And in reverse, when the South is too hot, some of that heat can be traded for cold on the North.

0 5 15

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AIR The mechanical systems in this building rely on two separate types of air intakes.

The DX system has a wide outside air intake

N

East side of the building.

The VRF system uses individually wallmounted air supply systems that run into the building from the South, then return back on a parallel run. The air supply systems are short runs and only require an eight inch duct and minimal ceiling to units in the VRF system and pass air over the refrigerant to create the heat or cold.

The processing room’s location next to the mechanical room is purposeful. The processing room gets extremely dusty, and either a separate dust collection unit or attachment to the air return would allow for a specialized and high powered dust solution to be maintained.

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structural systems FEMA EF-5 RATED STRUCTURE Geological Survey, due to the high probability of tornadoes and powerful tornadoes in the region. Sedgwick County has had the largest number of tornadoes of any county in Kansas in recent years, and another recent tornado has led to a common belief that tornado-resistant construction should be used in areas of all or at least important buildings.

12” pre-cast concrete walls 30’ x 10’ wall panels 50’ x 28’ bay 44” depth double-T roof beams

28’ x 36’ Steel bay size chosen because steel can be constructed year round, potentially improving build time. In steel construction, a rectangular bay is most economical. Using the same size steel beams is more economical as well because you can purchase in bulk. The most economical steel bays are 1000 SF in area.

Beyond that, the most economical rectangle bay sizes are near 1.25 in ratio. 28 : 36 = 1.29.

W21 21” steel girder W21 21” steel beam 24” open web joist

LATERAL STRUCTURE In all structures, beyond the primary structure, other components are needed to strengthen the structural members against certain forces. These forces are less powerful than gravity, however, still important. Gusset plates were chosen here for the admin building due to the large number of windows.

2’ x 2’ x 1” gusset plates resist lateral force while allowing for windows

chapter 5 / construction

INTRODUCTION

PRESENTATION

OBJECTIVES

24’

28’

7

part 2 / detail TECHNICAL

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX plans sections wall sections

24’ 7

8

9

W10 10x10” STEEL COLUMN W/ 12” WRAP

28’

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

PRODUCED BY AN AUTOD detail construction plan regions

---

36’ 34

21

DESK STUDENT PRODUCT

FLOOR PLAN 1 N 10

11

3 36

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

2ND FLR BALCONY OVERHEAD

20

4

22

0

5

23

15

30

60

PRODUCED BY AN AUTOD

detail construction plan regions 8

9

W10 10x10” STEEL COLUMN W/ 12” WRAP

28’

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

7

12x12” ARCH COLUMN

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36’ 34

21

DESK STUDENT PRODUCT FLOOR PLAN 2 N 10

11

3 36

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT PRODUCT

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4

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detail construction section regions 3 36

SECTION AA

20

4

Roof overhangs to carry water off atrium on to main roof with drains.

detail construction section regions 21

SECTION BB

34

Fins Support Roof Structure, Conceal Trusses, Create Diffused Light

Entry Overhang, Koda XT Moss Glass Screen

Entry, Curtain doors

wall sections WEST

Parapet Coping

Brick

Brick Tie-Backs

Top-Window Flashing

Bottom-Window Flashing

0

15

15 3

30 6

60 12

Overhang Flashing

Brick

Curtain-Window

Curtain-Window Flashing

wall sections SOUTH Parapet Coping

Frosted-Glass Screen

Top-Window Flashing

Bottom-Window Flashing

0

15

15 3

30 6

60 12

Brick

Overhang Flashing

Curtain-Window

Curtain-Window Flashing

KODA XT MOSS USED IN SCREEN APPLICATIONS FOR BOTH ENTRY OVERHANGS AND THE SOUTH FACADE. COMPANY: 3FORM TYPE: FROSTED COLORED GLASS http://www.3-form.com/materials/koda_xt/koda_c3/koda_xt_moss/

WESTERN KING USED IN FACADE APPLICATIONS FOR ALL ADMIN BUILDING AND PROCESSING/MECHANICAL ENCLOSURES ON THE NORTH-EAST SIDE OF THE BUILDING COMPANY: KANSAS BRICK TYPE: BRICK http://www.kansasbrick.com/sizes/

CUSTOM GLASS SKYLIGHT USED FOR OVERHEAD APPLICATION IN STREET COMPANY: OLDCASTLE BUILDING ENVELOPES TYPE: GLASS CURTAIN WALL http://www.oldcastlebe.com/products/skylights

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

PRESENTATION

part 2 / detail TECHNICAL

CONSTRUCTION APPENDIX extended studies process documentation acknowledgements

IMPORTANT FACTORS Location Kansas is a high-risk state for tornadoes, but tornadoes can occur anywhere. Higher gusts occur in exposed areas. Physical proximity to other buildings or shielding from topography can have a small effect on ground wind speeds, but contrary to popular beliefs, do not lower the risk of tornadoes.

Design Wind speeds increase with height above ground. The building’s width and depth are factors in the “wind heavy steel, or stronger materials, such as titanium or kevlar are more resistant to destruction. Structural design must account for wind pressure on all sides, along with uplift suction and depressurization.

High Wind Areas New building shapes, lightweight pitched roofs and aerodynamic structures, as well as the prevalence of lightweight building skins make high winds an important factor. Digital modeling is common. Tornadoes can create winds of 65 to greater than 200 mph.

Wind Pressure Effect Important details: The anchorage of the roof to the building. The critical angle (windward slope): the angle where suction is maximum, lower slope = greater suction, higher slope = downward pressure, in between = minimum force.

Wind Suction Effect High winds hitting a building wall create positive pressure to exploit. This raises the pressure inside the building, unless the side and rear walls have a greater combined porosity. When pressurized this creates a suction effect on the roof, increasing wind load.

Local Pressure is a factor for fastening of components against diagonal winds.

There is no strategy that guarantees safety in an EF5, and unless in a safe house or carefully positioned underground, it is unlikely anything will survive.

LivingSteel.com Structural Safety. www.livingsteel.org/structural-safety-16

One experimental strategy is to roughen the exterior of the building in order to resist high winds. But this does nothing if those high winds can blow away this exterior skin. A gabion buffer wall would help protect the structural components of the building from the high winds and pressurinsing forces on the building.

without heat gain or glare.

Underground was ruled out due to water and cost concerns.

EF-4 Damage

EF-3 Damage

EF-5 Damage

Purpose: A potential worry with VRF systems is the amount of refrigerant on one system that could be leaked into an occupied space. It is necessary to respect the following standards in order to protect the safety of occupants.

Standard 15: Safety Standard for Refrigeration Systems Standard 15 determines the methods and regulations on refrigerant in occupied or occupiable space.

equal other than Institutional and industrial occupancies. Examples of these situations are prisons and hospitals, where escape would take more time in the case of a refrigerant leak.

refrigerant could potentially leak into one room.

and needs to be carefully planned in order to take advantage of heating/cooling simultaneously.

Associates.

Standard 34 recommends the refrigerant concentration limits (RCL) used to determine the allowable pounds of refrigerant per 1,000 cubic feet of occupied space.

being used.

potentially asphyxiate an occupant, and this danger must be taken into account.

FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS NFPA 2001:

or water as the primary extinguishing media, which are addressed by other NFPA documents.

1.5.1.3 Inert Gas Clean Agents: “Unnecessary exposure to inert gas agent systems resulting in low oxygen atmospheres shall be avoided. The maximum exposure time in any case shall not exceed 5 minutes”… (paraphrase) it is important to minimize human exposure.

1.5.4.1.1 Suitable safeguards shall be provided to ensure prompt evacuation of and prevent entry into hazardous atmospheres and also to provide means for prompt rescue of any trapped personnel. Safety items such as personnel training, warning signs, discharge alarms, self-contained breathing apparatus

with advice by authority with jurisdiction.

occupant. Location including street address, Point of Compass and street address, Plans including

Example Fire Suppression Company in Wichita: Provides:

suppression and detection systems. Rugged environments often require more demanding support and maintenance than required in the codes. We provide the parts and expertise to support the needs of our systems any time any day.

Clean Agent and Halon 1301 Systems - We provide the most complete service capabilities in the area.

Whether the system utilizes conventional or addressable detection we provide the support needed for the most sensitive environments. Our people are factory-trained in the design, installation, and service of these systems. All of the clean agents we sell, are safe for normally occupied spaces and make an excellent choice for protection of your computer room, telephone switch room, archives, or any other vital hazards you might have. (Also provides clean agent recycling for EPA)

process documentation

Early Model Study with underground warehouse

Salt and Pepper : Two Parts

Facade Idea Sketch and Early Concept of Library Reading Windows

Visitor Entry Idea Sketch, Rough early drawing

process documentation ENTRY PRECEDENTS

STREET PRECEDENTS

process documentation OFFICES PRECEDENTS

FACADE / SKIN PRECEDENTS

acknowledgements RESOURCES “Anatomy of a Tornado.” Interview by Michael J. Robinson. Lawrence, Kansas, Feb. 2012.

“Architecture.” Dezeen Magazine. Web. Jan. 2012. <http://www.dezeen.com/architecture/>.

Asensio, Cerver Francisco., and Alejandro Bahamón. Ultimate Landscape Design. New York, NY: TeNeues, 2005. Print.

“Brick Flashing Wall Sections.” Copper. Web. <http://www.copper.org/applications/architecture/arch_dhb/

“Building Code Reference Library.” Wichita Kansas Building Codes. Web. April 2012. <http://www. reedconstructiondata.com/building-codes/kansas/wichita/>.

Dinep, Claudia, and Kristin Schwab. Sustainable Site Design: Criteria, Process, and Case Studies for Integrating Site and Region in Landscape Design. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley, 2010. Print.

“Enclosures That Work.” Building Profile: Mixed-Humid Climate: Louisville â Building Science

“Industrial Building.” InDetail 2003. München: Edition Detail, 2003. Print.

“Koda Xt Moss.” Materials. 3form. Web. Apr. 2012. <http://www.3-form.com/materials/koda_xt/koda_c3/ koda_xt_moss/>.

Schittich, Christian. Building in Existing Fabric: Refurbishment, Extensions, New Design. München: Edition Detail, 2003. Print.

Schittich, Christian, and Elizabeth Schwaiger. In Detail Interior Spaces: Space, Light, Material. Basel [etc.: Birkhäuser, 2002. Print.

“Structural Safety - Living Steel.” Living Steel. Web. 16 May 2012. <http://www.livingsteel.org/structuralsafety-16>.

“Wichita Sun Chart.” UO SRML: Sun Chart Program. University of Oregon. Web. May 2012. <http:// solardat.uoregon.edu/SunChartProgram.html>.

“Windrose Data : Wichita.” NRCS National Resources Conservation Service. USDA, 2003. Web. May 2012. <http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/ftpref/downloads/climate/windrose/kansas/wichita/>.

SPECIAL THANKS Rex Buchanan (KGSu) Jackson Clark (Gould Evans Architects) Wayne Davis (Bob D. Campbell Engineering) Mike Dealy (KGSu) Barry Metz (KCC) Rex Powell (freelance geologist) Rebecca Radford (KGSoc) Kent Stelbar (KGSo President) Greg Tice (SPT Architecture) Jim Woody (MKEC Engineers) welcomed us in Wichita Bill Carswell (Professor) For guiding us through the project, and ensuring that learning was always occuring Lindsey Uhl Melanie Arthur Zach Arand Ling Guo Julia Bauer Mark Zeitler Ian McLaughlin Ryan Shultz Mark Hageman Owen Huisenga Mohammad Attai Ben Compten Mahsa Faghan Sarah Long For being a great class: giving advice, friendship, comraderie, and help in times of need.