Concrete Art and Neorealism (1948-1957)
Movimento Arte Concreta
Founded 1948 in Milan by Gillo Dorfles, Gianni Monnet, Bruno Munari and Atanasio Soldati
Gillo Dorfles | Change on Two Wheels | 1950
Gianni Monnet | Metamorfosi | 1949
Bruno Munari | original serigraph | 1953
Atanasio Soldati | Doppio |1952
“[Concrete art] is based solely on the implementation and the objectification of the insights of the artist…far from any symbolic meaning, any formal abstraction, and aiming to capture only those rhythms… [and] those agreements, which are abundant in the world of color. " -Gillo Dorfles
Neorealism
Ossessione Lucino Visconte 1943
Roma, Citta Aperta Roberto Rossellini 1944
Umberto D Vittorio De Sica 1952
A New Awareness the Role of Italian Design
1951-1957
MASS PRODUCTION RESEARCH prototypes with innovative components TYPOLOGY is the study of types TECHNOLOGY is the usage and knowledge of tools, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization MORPHOLOGY deals with the study of the form or the structure of organisms and their specific structural features the study of shape, size, texture and phase distribution of physical objects.
Milan Triennial Art Exhibition 1951, 1954, 1957 1923
Founded in Monza
1933
Moved to Milan
The Triennale aims to stimulate interaction between industry, production and applied arts. In this context, during the year, the Triennale has assumed a role of buffer media for innovative Italian environment, also catalyzing the comparison between the various trends that were gradually growing. The focus of the current reality has also involved the Triennale in rebuilding postwar period, during which he played a leading role in the creation of the district QT8 Milan. It is from this experience was born the interest of the Triennial for urban planning and technical innovations applied to building, which will become one of the main themes of the fifties
Milan Triennial Art Exhibition 1951, 1954, 1957 1951
IX Trienalle Goods-standard: International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts and Modern Architecture
1954
X Trienalle Prefabrication - Industrial Design: International Exhibition of Modern Decorative and Industrial Arts and Modern Architecture --This exhibition pushed industrialization and prefabrication to the center of the cultural debate.
1957
XI Trienalle Eclecticism-formalism: International exhibition of modern decorative and industrial arts and modern architecture
Associazione per il Disegno Industriale ADI The ADI 1956 meeting from designers, companies, researchers, teachers, critics, journalists around the themes of design: design, energy consumption, recycling and training. ADI is an agent of development of industrial design as a cultural and economic. The ADI design is the design culturally aware, the interface between the individual and society's collective demand and supply manufacturers. Involved in designing products, services, visual communication, packaging, interior architecture, and environmental design.
www.adi-design.org
Compasso d’Oro Set-up in 1954 by Gio Ponti. First design prize awarded in Europe. Awards are granted by qualified international juries to design projects ranging form the interiors of cars, tools, machines, sports items, electric appliance down to editorial graphic and Web design. The prize is strongly focused on Italian products: the items have to be produced by Italian Companies if the designer is foreign; or the designer has to be Italian if the producing company is not an Italian one.
www.adi-design.org
Compasso d’Oro 1954
Aldo Bassetti, Cesare Brustio, Gio Ponti, Alberto Rosselli, Marco Zanuso
1955
Aldo Bassetti, Cesare Brustio, E. N. Rogers, Alberto Rosselli, Marco Zanuso
1956
Aldo Bassetti, Cesare Brustio, Franco Albini, Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, Alberto Rosselli
1957
Aldo Bassetti, Cesare Brustio, Franco Albini, Pier Giacomo Castiglioni, Ignazio Gardella
www.adi-design.org
Stile Industria Launched in 1954 under Alberto Rosselli, it quickly became the platform for discussion of aesthetic and the meaning of modern design in an international context. Reinforced the special role for the mass-produced object Promoted design as one of the most important cultural forces in modern Italy
Aimed to open a dialogue between design and industry and stimulate debate around the aesthetics and technologies appropriate for contemporary design. Folded during the difficult political and economic climate in Italy in the early 1960s.
V1, No2: Oct 1954
www.mordernism101.com
Transportation Solutions
Vespa
Paperino, Vespa 150, VNC Super 125, VBC Super 150, VLB Sprint 150, VBA Standard 150, VBB Standard 150, 125 GT, V9A, VNA, VNB 125, Vespa U, GS 150, GS 160, SS 180, Standard 90, Standard 50, SS50, SS90, 150 GL, 90 Racer, 125 TS,100 Sport, 125 GTR, 150 Sprint, 150 Sprint Veloce, 180 SS Super Sport, Rally 180, Rally 200, 125 Nuova (VMA-1T), Primavera 125, PK 50, PK 50 XL, PK 50 Roma, 50 S, 50 Special, 50 Special Elestart, 50 Sprinter / 50 SR (D), 50 Special , COSA 1 - 125 cc, 150 cc, 200 cc, COSA 2 - 125 cc, 150 cc, 200 cc, P 80 / P 80 E, P 80 X/PX 80 E, PK 80 S / Elestart, PK 80 S Automatica / Elestart, PK 100 S / Elestart, PK 100 S Automatica, PK 100 XL, PK 125 XL / Elestart, PK 125 S, PK 125 E, PK 125 automatica, P 125 X, PX 125 E/Electronic, P 200 E, PX 200 E FL, PX 200 Serie Speciale, T5 / Elestart, T5 Classic, T5 Millennium, ET2 50 - 2stroke, ET4 50 - 4stroke, ET4 125, ET4 150 (Euro Model), ET4 150 (US model), ET8 150 (Eastern model), GT 125, GT 200, PX 125, PX 150, PX 200, 2008 Vespa LX150, LX 50, LX 125, LX 150, LXV 50 (60th anniversary variant of LX50), LXV 125 (60th anniversary variant of LX125), GT 60째 250 cc Limited Edition, GTS 125, GTS 250ie, GTS 250 ie abs, GTS 250 Super, GTS 300 Super , GTV 125, GTV 250, PX 30 125, S 50 and S 125 new model 2007, S 150 (2008), Zafferano 50 cc and 125 cc
Transportation Solutions
Fabbrica Italiana Automobili Torino
3.5 CV, Brevetti, Brevetti Tipo, Model Zero, 2B, 3A, 3 TER ,70 , 501, 505, 1T, 520 Superfiat, 501s, 519, 509, 502, 503, 520, 521, 525, 514, 522, 524, 508, 518, 518 Ardita, 527, 508S Balilla, 1500, 10-12, 500 Topolino, Twelve Saloon, 2800, 25, 11, 1100 S Coupe, 500, 1500, 1400, 1900, 8V Coupe, 1100, 1900 Diesel, 1100 TV Spider, 600, 600 Multipla, 600D Multipla, 1200 Spyder, 1400B, 1500S, 2100 Coupe Vignale, 750 Berlina Abarth, 2100, Giardiniera, 2300 Coupe, 1600 Cabriolet, 2300 Berlina Speciale, 850, 850 Coupe, 850 Spider, OT 1000, OTS 1000 Coupe Abarth, 124 1200, 124, 2300 B Familiare, 128 Estate, 128 Saloon, 130 Saloon, Dino 2.4, 124 Special T, 418 Urban Bus, Supermirafiori, 131 Racing, Panda, Strada, x1/9, Regata, Uno, Fiorino, Panorama, Argenta, Croma, Tempra, Cinquecento, Punto, Fiorino, Barchetta, Brava, Ulysse, Palio, Marea, Seicento,
Gio Ponti 18 November 1891-16 September 1979
Gio Ponti Italian Architect Industrial Designer Furniture Designer Artist Publisher/ Editor
• Graduated from Milan Polytechnic as an architect • But he began his career as an art director of a ceramics manufacturer Richard-Ginori. • He decorated simple ceramics with ornate neoclassical motifs.
• In 1928, Ponti founded the magazine Domus. • At that time Italy was a country heavily influenced by academic classicism. • World War I had killed off most of the futurist movement, and the only significant architectural movement in Italy was the Novecento. • Novecento was a movement towards a reforming of Post war Italy.
• It called for a return to the classical style of design. •The Domus became a central tool used by the Novecento to push the movement.
•Even though Ponti was surrounded by futurists and rationalists, his architecture sought a harmony between form and function, rationalism and the ornament of neoclassicism.
Denver Art Museum 1971
Pirelli Tower, Milan 1959
Furniture Designs •Gio Ponti showed through his furniture designs that everyday objects could express individuality and an idea of the present. •He encouraged good design to be a means of enjoying life, much like Peter Behrens did a few years earlier in Germany.
La Pavoni 1948 Ponti
Electric Kettle 1909 Peter Behrens
Distex 1954 Ponti
Superleggera 1957 Ponti
"Love architecture, be it ancient or modern. Love it for its fantastic, adventurous and solemn creations; for its inventions; for the abstract, allusive and figurative forms that enchant our spirit and enrapture our thoughts. Love architecture, the stage and support of our lives.“ Amate L'Architettura, and in English as In Praise of Architecture Gio Ponti
Villa Planchart 1956 Dormitio
The Castiglioni Brothers
Achille Castiglioni
http://www.depadova.it/it/People/Ritratti/0054/00112/arti colo_c.html
Pier Giacomo Castiglioni
Livio Castiglioni
http://www.pier-giacomo-castiglioni.com/
http://www.livio-castiglioni.com/
Achille Castiglioni Timeline 1918: Born in Milan, Italy 1940: Began experimenting with Industrial design with his older brothers 1944: Graduated Milan Polytechnic With a Degree in Architecture 1956: Co-Founder of ADI (Association for Design Industry). 1985: Honorary Member of the "Committee of Advisors" at Art Center College of Design (Pasadena, California and Montreaux, Switzerland). 1986 : Honorary Member of the Faculty of Royal Designers for Industry, Royal Society of Art (London). 1987: Honorary Degree from the Royal College of Art (London). 2001: Industrial Design Honoris Causa Degree from the Polytechnic of Milan. 2002: Died Dec 2, in Milan Italy.
http://www.stylepark.com/en/designer/achille-castiglioni
Pier Giacomo Castiglioni Timeline 1913: Born in Milan, Italy 1937: Graduated Milan Polytechnic With a Degree in Architecture
1938: Founded an Architecture firm with older brother, Livio 1944: Began to produce most notable work of his career after ounger brother Achille joined firm 1968: Died in Milan, Italy
http://www.stylepark.com/en/designer/pier-giacomo-castiglioni
Livio Castiglioni Timeline 1918: Born Milan,Italy 1936: Graduated Milan Polytechnic With a Degree in Architecture
1938: Founded an Architecture firm with younger brother, Pier Giacomo. 1952: Left firm, and became a consultant for Phonola 1960: Became a consultant for BrionVega 1979: Died in Milan Italy.
http://www.livio-castiglioni.com/
Design Style The Castiglioni Brothers, though graduated as architects, became popular for their Industrial Design.
"So sophisticated and so simple - I like that!" -Achille Castiglioni’s
They were strong advocates of the minimalist design style, shying away from excssive ornament to focus on strong lines and simple forms Function ranks above aesthetics although form is never neglected
Major Works
Arco Floor Lamp– 1962 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni Retail Price: $2,190.00 http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/it/projects/id-23.html
SANLUCAR Chair– 1960 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-28.html
RR126 Radiofonografo Stereofonico -1965 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-45.html
SELLA Stool -1957 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-30.html
MEZZADRO Stool -1957 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-29.html
PARO Chalice-1983 Achille Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-30.html
T95 Table-1995 Achille Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-6.html
TARAXACUM 88 Hanging wall lamp-1988 Achille Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/en/projects/id-11.html
OMEGA Shop for watches, silverware, jewelry Piazza Duomo, Milan – 1968 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni http://www.achillecastiglioni.it/it/projects/arch-2.html
Splügen BRAU Brewery restaurant – 1960 Achille and Pier Giacomo Castiglioni
Awards 1955: Compasso d’Oro (Luminator floor lamp) 1960: Compasso d’Oro (T 12 Palini chair) 1962: Compasso d’Oro (Pitagora espresso machine) 1964: Compasso d’Oro (Spinamatic beer spigot) 1967: Compasso d’Oro (translator’s earphones) 1979: Compasso d’Oro (Parentesi lamp) 1979: Compasso d’Oro (Omsa hospital bed) 1984: Compasso d’Oro (Dry cutlery) 1999: Wins the Enel "Sostegni per l´Ambiente" competition along with Michele De Lucchi.
Franco Albini
1905
Born in Robbiate, Italy
1929
Earns degree in architecture from Politecnico di Milano
Began working with Gio Ponti 1930
Opens his own practice
1945
Works for Italian magazine Casabella as writer and editor
1952
Designs “Fiorenza” armchair
1955
Designs “Luisa” Chair
1961
Designs Rinascente building in Rome
1977
Death in Milan
http://www.designophy.com/designpedia/design-designer-1000000067-franco-albini.htm
Margherita | 1951
Fiorenza | 1952
“Luisa” | 1955
Desk | 1958
PS 16 Rocking Chair | 1956
Spiral Staircase at Palazzo Rosso
La Rinascente store in Rome
BBPR
Gianluigi Banfi Lodovico Belgioioso Enrico Peressutti Ernesto Nathan Rogers
BBPR "Design as a union of utility and beauty ... function conceived as a synthesis between rational projection and the technique of execution, between invention and environmental pre-existence ... architecture as an actual experience and as a theory that can only be verified at the building site".
Torre Velasca, Milan, 1954-1958
BBPR Exploiting the possibilities of exposed steelwork and glass similar to that in the Torre Velasca, a curved faรงade was experimented with in the CMB in Milan.
Chase Manhattan Bank, Milan, 1969
BBPR
Furniture for OLIVETTI, 1959, 1960
Coat rack for KARTELL
Vico Magistretti
October 6, 1920 - September 19, 2006
Vico Magistretti Italian Architect Industrial Designer Furniture Designer • Magistretti graduated from Milan Polytechnic as an architect like Gio Ponti. • He was influenced much by the work and ideals of Ernesto Nathan Rogers. • His designs, especially his early architectural works became known for their emphasis on humanism. Nuvola Rossa bookcase 1950 (Cassina)
http://www.architonic.com
•Magistretti had a significant influence on postwar Italian design with his simple approach to his designs. • But much of his architecture is overshadowed by his industrial design and furniture design. •Magistretti became widely known for his furniture designs.
Caramite Lounge Chair 1960
Maralunga sofa 1973
Plastic • Magistretti strength and fluidity of plastic to produce pieces that were sculptural, comfortable and affordable. • The smooth lines of his designs became famous world wide. • The simplicity of his concepts for his designs created his work. Gaudi Chair 1970
Selene Chair 1969 Dalu Lamp 1969
Oluce 1977
Artemide Eclisse 1965
Marco Zanuso
Marco Zanuso Timeline 1916: Born in Milan, Italy. 1935 -1939: Studied architecture at Milan Polytechnic. 1941-1945: Served in Italian Navy during WWII 1945: Opened his own firm in Milan. 1946 -1947: Editor of Domus Magazine 1947 – 1949: Editor of Casabella Magazine 2001: Died 9th July in Milan
http://www.alessi.it/it/1/146/marco-zanuso
Inspiration
“ My studies have taught me little” – Mario Zanuso
Zanuso divulged that his time spent on technologically advanced warships during the WWII directly influenced his design style
Design Style Zanuso was one of a group of Italian designers from Milan shaping the international idea of "good design" in the postwar years. He pioneered the use of accessible materials in furniture, bringing more people `in touch` with good design. One of the interesting points of his career in industrial design is the affordability of the articles of mass production.
Major Works
Antropus Chair – 1949 Retail Price: euro 1,763.00 http://atcasa.corriere.it/catalogo/prodotti/Arflex/Antropus.shtml
Lady Chair- 1951 Retail Price : euro 1,076.35 http://www.kirkgallery.com/index.php?_a=viewProd&productId=99
Doney 14 Television Set-1962 Price – euro 1,500.00 http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O:AD:E:6544&page_ number=3&template_id=1&sort_order=1
Lambda Chair – 1959 Price – 1000-1500 USD http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O:AD:E:6544&page_ number=2&template_id=1&sort_order=1
Radio - 1963 Price – euro 259.00 http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O:AD:E:6544&page_ number=4&template_id=1&sort_order=1
Child’s Stackable Chair - 1964 http://www.1stdibs.com/furniture_item_detail.php?id=234440
Grillo Folding Telephone - 1965 http://www.moma.org/collection/browse_results.php?criteria=O:AD:E:6544&page_number=8&template_id=1&sort_order=1
Awards 1948 and 1954: The Grand Prix. 1951, 1954, 1957 and 1964: The gold medal of the Milan Triennale. 1960: Silver medal of the Milan Triennale. 1956, 1962, 1964, 1967 and 1979: The Golden Compass Award (Milan)
1965: The Interplas Award (London) 1966 :The two gold medals and the Honor Award of the Biennial of Industrial Design (Ljubljana) 1969: The gold medal of 'International Design Congress (Yverdon), 1972: The premium Bolaffi (Torino),
1984: The medal of the town of Milan 1984:the medal of the President of the Republic (Rome).