Restructuring Rotterdam

Reconstructing Rotterdam Rotterdam Blitz to Binnenstad Plan

Reconstructing Rotterdam Rotterdam Blitz to Binnenstad Plan

Invasion Resistance Successful Negotiation Failed Communication

Rotterdam Blitz 10 May 1940 – 14 May 1940

Air Raids Forgotten Bombardment

Rotterdam Blitz Aftermath

1941_WG Witteveen 1946_Cornelis van Traa City Triangle Coolsingel Goudsesingel Trees Shifting of main dams Moving City center

Basic Plan New Rotterdam

Coolsingel Goudsesingel Haute Trees Shifting of main dams Moving City center Zoning Limiting Residential Function in Center

Basic Plan New Rotterdam

Lijnbaan Shopping Highrise Mass Housing Equal Living conditions “Functionalist Era” Lack of Beauty/Character

Basic Plan 1948-1953, 1960s

Scale of Inner City Gezelligheid “Participatory Era” Owner Occupants Economic Recession

C70 Manifestatie 1970

Rotterdam Arts Council Economic City Movement Individual Expression City Image Lack of cohesiveness

Creative Class 1970s

Triangle Park Center Square Waterstad

Binnenstad Plan 1985-1990

Triangle Park Center Square Waterstad Kop van Zuid

Binnenstad Plan 1985-1990

Triangle Park Center Square Waterstad Kop van Zuid

Kop van Zuid Manhattan on the Maas

Ben van Berkel

Erasmus Bridge The Swan