Name: ________________________________________ Chapter 9
Period: _____________
Animals follow these levels of organization:
–Tissues are _____________ that perform a specific function –Organs are _____________ that perform specific functions Animals
•Functions of Animals: –Obtaining ___________________ and ____________________ –_____________________________________________ (maintain homeostasis) –____________________________ –____________________________
•Obtaining food and oxygen –All animals are ____________________________ • Carnivores- feed on _________________________ • Herbivores- feed on _________________________ • Omnivores- eat _________________________________________
–All animals need ________________ (__________________________) 1
•Keeping conditions stable –Must maintain a __________________ _____________________ within their bodies
• homeostasis
–Animals adapt to the ___________________ that they live in to do this
•Movement –Must move in some _______________ at some point in ___________________ –Most animals move ____________ throughout their lives –Use to obtain ______________ or ______________________________ •Reproduction –Most animals reproduce ___________________________ -Fertilization of male ___________________ and female ____________
–Some animals can also reproduce _______________________ (ex: hydra)
•Classification of animals –Animals are classified according to how they are ________________________________ to other ___________________________
•body structure, development and DNA
–Two groups: _______________________ (backbone) and ___________________________ (no backbone)
•Vertebrates: –________________________________________________
•Invertebrates : • about _______________ of animals are invertebrates • Examples: _____________ ____________________________________________ 2
•Symmetry in animals –Animals have one of two types of symmetry: • _________________________________________ • _________________________________________
•Radial Symmetry –The ____________________ body parts of animals with radial symmetry are _________________ __________________ around a central point.
–Do not have distinct ________________ or _________________________ –All live _______________ –Do not move fast- stay in ______________ spot and moved along by __________________________________________ or creep along the bottom
–Examples: __________________________________________________________
•Bilateral Symmetry –________________________ and _________________________ –_____________ end that goes first as the __________________ moves 3
–Move _________________ and more _____________________ than __________________ symmetry animals
–Sense _____________ in the front that pick up what’s in front of them –Examples: ____________________________________ Sponges
•___________________________- means NO BACKBONE •Live all over the world –Mostly _______________, but also freshwater _________________________
•Adults are ____________________ –They _____________________
•Water currents carry _____________ and _________________ to them –Also take away _________________________________________ •Body Structure –____________________________________ –Never have ________________ or ___________________ –_____________________________ with a large opening at one end –Have many _______________ covering its _______________ -In the Phylum "Porifera"
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Sponge
Collar Cell Four Main Parts of a Sponge
•Collar Cell- _________________ structures that beat ____________________ –moving water through the sponge and trap food
•Spike- _______________________________ form a rigid frame –helps support and protect the sponge’ s body
•Jelly-like Cell- among the _________________, do ___________________________ and _________________________________
•Pore- water moves into the ________________________ ____________________ through small __________________all over the sponge’ s body
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•Obtaining food and oxygen –Eat _____________________________ organisms that they filter from the water
–Captured by ____________________________ –________________________________________ digest them –Gets ___________________ from the _____________________ •Reproduction –Reproduce both _____________________ and ____________________ –Use ___________________ to reproduce ______________________ •Small, new sponges grow from the sides of an
________________ and
then ______________________________!!!
–Sponges can reproduce______________________________ •DO NOT HAVE SEPARATE _________________ –Each organism produces both gametes •______________________ are released into the water and _____________ to fertilize its ______________________
•______________________ develop and are carried away by _________ _____________________ (settle and grow)
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Cnidarians
•Pronounced “ni-dare-ee-unz” •Use ________________________ cells
to capture ____________ and __________
__________________________
•They are ________________________________ •Examples: Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones •Body Structure –Two body plans •Looks like a vase or an upside down bowl
–__________________ symmetry –Central ___________________ _____________________ –Tentacles with ________________________________
•Vase shaped body
structure is also called a __________________
Draw an example here:
–Example: ______________________ –Mouth opens at __________ and ____________________ out from around the _______________________
–Usually attached to _______________________ 7
•Bowl shaped body structure is also called a ___________ Draw an example here:
–Ex. _________________________ –Swims ____________________ in water –Mouths open _________________ and _______________ also face _____________________
•Obtaining food –Use _____________________________ to capture food –Stinging cells contain a ______________________ structure that has many _____________________ spines
–“_______________________________”prey and releases a ____________ –Pull prey into ______________ structure and then into hollow __________________________________
•Movement –Most can move to
_____________________ danger and _____________ food
–_____________________ swim –Hydras do ___________________________ –Sea anemones _____________________ and _____________________
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•Reproduction –Reproduce both __________________ and _____________________ –Use ____________________ for asexual –Some polyps can ____________ to form _____________ new organisms! –Sexual reproduction • Some have sexes in _______________ organism • Some have ______________ separate sexes
•Some cnidarians live in _____________________ –a group of many individual animals
•Stony Coral-How coral reefs are formed. –________________________________**** –The cnidarian _________________, and then produces a ____________ ________________ skeleton around itself
–Coral polyps reproduce ________________________ –When the polyp ________________, its skeleton ___________ –The coral will add up and grow _____________________ –Home to more species of ___________________ and _____________________ than any other ___________________________ on Earth!!!
•Portuguese Man-of-War –Colony that acts as a __________________________ _____________________ 9
–Man-of-War can have ________ of individual ______________________ –Top is a ___________________ _________________________________ that allows colony to _________
–The different polyps have different ______________ -Some catch prey, others digest prey, and some are for reproduction
Worms •Three major types of worms –1. ______________________________________ •Belong to the phylum Platyhelminthes –2. ______________________________________ •Belong to the phylum Nematoda –3. ______________________________________ •Belong to the phylum Annelida
Freaky Fact
•A giant gippsland earthworm can grow to be more than 1 meter long!
It is
one of approximately 1,000 earthworm species found in Australia.
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Body Structure
•______________________________ •Have long, ___________________________ bodies ___________________ legs •Have _____________________ symmetry
(have a head and tail end)
•Have ________________________, __________________, and __________ systems Nervous System
•Have a _____________ •Have ___________________ ________________________ (sensitive to light, touch and vibrations) Reproduction
•Both __________________________ and _____________________ reproduction •Some worms are specifically __________
and _____________ (like humans)
•Other worms have __________________ male AND female parts –A worm with both male and female sex organs does not usually _______________________ its own eggs. Instead two _____________________ mate and exchange ____________________________
•Asexual reproduction occurs by
breaking into _________________ and
__________________________ a new body!
•FACT: if you cut some kinds of worms into several pieces, a whole new worm forms from each piece!!
–Do you remember the other organism that we discussed that can regenerate a new body? _____________________________
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Flatworms
•They are _____________ and as soft as ______________ •Most are ______________________________ •Some can be __________________ (do not live in or in another organism) •Examples include: _______________ _____________________________ Planarians
•_____________________________ flatworms •Also are __________________
(they feed on ______________________________
matter)
•Also are ____________________ (will attack any
___________________ smaller
than they are) How are worms predators?
•____________________ onto their _____________________ •Insert a ______________________________ into the other organism •____________________________ flow out of the planarian and _______________ the food
•The juices _____________________ food and the planarian ________________ up the partly digested _________________ Tapeworms
•______________________________ •Live by __________________________ food
from the hosts
__________________________________ 12
•Can even live in ___________________________
•1. Tapeworm larvae can infect a ______ when the dog eats ________ _________________ such as a rabbit
•2. The ____________ tapeworm uses ________________ on its head to dig into the ________________ of the dog’ s ________________________________
•3. The tapeworm ____________ as it absorbs food from the dog’ s intestine. Then the tapeworm produces_____________ and ____________. Fertilized _______________ leave the digestive system along with the dog's _______________. 4. The fertilized eggs ___________ on grass and other _______________ eaten by rabbits. After the rabbits eat the ______,the larva hatch out. Roundworms
•Live in ____________________ _________________________ •Have _________________ bodies •Have a digestive system that is like a ______________________ (open at both ends)
•Have a __________-_____________ digestive tract • Food enters their ______________ and wastes exit through their ________ at the other end of the worm
•Body Structure –Segmented bodies, have bodies made up of many ______________________ sections called ________________________
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–Have a ________________________ of nerve tissue called a ________________ and a digestive tube that runs the length of the worm’ s body
–Have a _______________ digestive system with _________________________ Circulatory System
•Have a ________________________ circulatory system –Blood moves only within a connected network of tubes called _____________________ ____________________
–Can move blood around an animal’ s body much more ________________________than an _____________________________ Earthworms and the environment
•They help people by _________________ the ___________.
They tunnel
through the soil and _________________ the soil, which allows for _____________________________________________________ to move through it.
•Earthworm ____________________ also make the soil more _____________________!
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