Human Body Part II
Name: _______________________ Period: ____
Respiratory System Functions
•Moves _______________ from the ______________ environment into the ________________________
•Removes _________________________ and ________ from the body Respiration:
•The process in which ______________ and ______________ undergo a complex series of ______________ reactions inside cells to produce ______________
•Breathing is the movement of ____________________________________ •Respiration _________________________________ that fuels _________ and other cell processes
Removing Carbon Dioxide
•Respiration produces ___________and ___________and the body eliminates this through your ___________
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The Path of Air
•As air travels from the outside environment to the lungs, it passes through the ____________________________________________________
Nose •Lined with ___________which are tiny hair-like extensions that can move in a _________________________________________ •Air ___________the body here •Has ___________which ___________particles and keeps your nose lining from ________________________________
Pharynx
•The ___________ •Both the ___________and ___________connect to the pharynx Trachea
•The ___________ •Lined with ___________and ___________ •Normally only ___________travels through this Bronchi and Lungs •Bronchi –the ___________________that ___________air into the lungs •Lungs –the main ___________of the respiratory system •Alveoli –tiny ___________of lung tissue that are specialized for the movement of ___________between ___________and ___________ 2
Gas Exchange
•1. Air enters an ___________ •2. ___________passes through the wall of the alveolus and then through the ___________wall into the ___________
•3. ____________________ and ___________pass from the ___________into the ___________
Muscles for breathing -When you ___________, the diaphragm moves ___________and pressure in the lungs ___________ -This causes the ___________to move ___________ -When you ___________, the diaphragm moves ___________and the pressure in the lungs ___________ -This causes the ___________to move ___________
Breathing and Speaking
•Larynx –the __________________, is located in the ____ part of the ___________underneath the ___________
•Vocal cords –___________of connective tissue that produce your voice, ___________across the opening of the ___________
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Excretory System Excretion
•This is the system in the body that collects ___________produced by cells and ___________the wastes from the body
Structures
•Kidneys, urinary bladder and urethra are the structures that eliminate urea, water and other wastes Terms to know
•Urea -- a ___________that comes from the breakdown of ___________ •Urine –a watery ___________that contains ___________and other wastes
•Ureters –two ___________tubes that ___________urine from ___________to the ___________
•Urinary bladder –a sack-like ________________ organ that _________ urine
•Urethra –small tube that ___________urine
Kidneys •The ___________organs of the excretory system that ___________wastes by this process:
•1. Blood flows from an ___________into a ___________in the kidney 4
•2. Blood is ___________and urea, water, glucose is ___________ •3. Water and glucose are ___________________ into the ___________ •4. The remaining liquid is called ___________ Homeostasis
•Excretion maintains homeostasis by keeping the body’ s internal environment ___________and ___________of harmful levels of ___________
Other Excretion Organs •Lungs, Skin and the Liver –Lungs –When you ___________carbon dioxide and water are removed from the body
–Skin –sweat glands in the skin remove ___________and ___________in __________________________________
–Liver –___________down wastes before they can be ___________ The Immune System Barriers in the Body
•The skin, breathing passages, mouth and stomach trap and kill most _________________that you come in ___________with
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Inflammatory Response
•When body cells are ___________they release ___________and _________ from the blood vessels into nearby tissue
•The ___________white blood cells then ___________the ___________ and break them down
•When you get a ___________, it is helping your body fight ________________________
Immune System
•The cells react to each kind of ___________with a ___________targeted __________________________ at that pathogen
•Lymphocytes are the ___________that can tell between different kinds of pathogens Reminders…
•Pathogens = ____________________________________________________ –They are spread by human beings, soil, food and water, objects, and animals
Lymphocytes •There are two major kinds of lymphocytes •___________ •Major function is to identify ___________and __________________ one kind of pathogen from another 6
•___________ •Major function is to produce ___________that help destroy pathogens (produce _________________________________)
How they work •1. ___________recognizes a ___________and divides over and over. This produces ___________ T cells that also recognize the virus’ ___________
•2. Some T cells attack the _________________________cells of the respiratory system that contain the ___________. These T cells destroy the _______________ cells and the ___________
•3. Other T cells activate ___________to produce antibodies ___________ the virus’ antigens
•4. Antibodies then bind to ___________on the viruses they _____________________. The viruses _____________ together and are destroyed by ___________
Vocabulary
•1. Antigens = molecules that the immune system __________________ either as ___________of your body or as coming from ___________your body
•2. Antibody = ___________that help destroy pathogens
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AIDS
•_________________________________________________________ (AIDS) is a disease caused by a ___________ that attacks the ______________ system
•Caused by the __________________________________________________ (HIV) which is the only kind of ___________that can attack the immune system ___________and destroy ___________
•Spread through body fluids (___________,___________) Immunity
•The body’ s ability to destroy pathogens before they can cause disease •There are two types: –1. ___________= your own immune system produces antibodies in ___________to the ___________of a pathogen
–2. ___________= When antibodies that fight the pathogen come from another ___________versus their own body
Vaccine
•Helps you gain ___________immunity •It is the process by which _______________ ________________are put into a person’ s ___________
•They usually consist of ___________that have been _______________ 8
Antibiotics
•A chemical that kills _______________ or slows their _____________ without ___________________________body cells
•Cannot ___________ ___________illnesses only ________________ Noninfectious Diseases
•Diseases that are ___________caused by ________________________ (pathogens) in the body
–Examples: Cardiovascular disease, allergies, diabetes, and cancer
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