Yang Hu Architectural Portfolio (2) by Jessie Hu

CONTENTS We want to see innovative ideas that anticipate how and where people of all ages, interest and industries are most creative, imaginative and productive or somewhere else entirely that unleashes individual and/or collective creativity.

RSA Creative Conditions Brief Breakdown Team Dynamics Ethos Initial Concept Studio Feedback Supercrit Feedback Concept Development Core Concept Stimulating Conditions Plan Drawings Further Development Visual Illustration Critical Team Analysis Self Evaluation

Creative thinking is no longer viewed as an add-on incurring additional costs, but rather as a valuable tool that can determine how organisations and companies are run, structured and how they do business. As such, working out how to best foster and nurture creativity is becoming increasingly imperative to improve business growth and innovation and to find solutions to a range of social, economic and environmental challenges. You are asked to think about how creativity can be unleashed in a range of different contexts and fields, not just the traditional â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;creative industriesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. Different people and professions have different ways of doing things and so we want to open the context in which creativity is released and accepted.

Information Work Environment Appendix Event 4.3

INTRODUCTION

CREATIVE CONDITIONS DESIGN BRIEF

1. RESEARCH

15%

Where did you go to research this issue? Whom did you speak with or interview? What questions did you ask? What did you learn?

4. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS

15%

Does your design make sense from a financial point of view?

2. SOCIAL & ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFIT

How does your design benefit society and the environment?

5. EXECUTION

15%

We are looking for a design that is pleasing and looks and feels well-resolved

Your response should be built on strong human- centred research and insights. Solutions from all disciplines are encouraged and welcomed, but proposals should be holistic in nature and entrants should bear in mind the offline and online incentives for people to inhabit, populate, acquire, or use them. RSA Student Competition - Creative Conditions

15%

3. DESIGN THINKING

20%

We want to know about your thought processes and insights. What journey did you go through to get to the final result?

6. MAGIC

20%

We are looking for a bit of ‘magic’ – a surprising or lateral design solution that delights

BRIEF BREAKDOWN Our initial action is to understand:

- What creative means?

- What can be categorised as conditions? - Emotional - Physical / Virtual - Real / Imagined - Stationary / Moving

Design and develop a compelling vision and business case for an environment or situation that prompts and fosters creative thinking. RSA Student Competition - Creative Conditions

Christina Liu

Choo Wei Ee Danson

Yang Jessie Hu

See Sern Khor

Qualities:

Making sure that the same desire and ambition to succeed is present, even when faced with pressure, will see to accomplishing goals and make proposals stand out.

Able to adapt thinking and design ideas when faced with difficulties and bring diversity. Ensuring that all problems are solved and overcome quickly and competently without any real stress or pressure.

Finding relevant precedents, balancing group work, approaching disputes with an unfazed attitude. Eager and enthusiastic to perform to a high standard. Accomplish goals with a greater work ethic and level of productivity.

Maintaining a calm and relaxed demeanour to see the tasks completed with a clear and focused mind. Very organised and resourceful.

TEAM DYNAMICS

CREATIVE START We started the research topic by defining ‘creativity’ with aspects that can be listed as variables that trigger the levels of reactions. This type of thinking has put into consideration the impact of the individual and the collective. The variable stimulants are definable by titles of Difference, Bio-phillic, Supra-sensual.

STEVE JOHNSON

What are the environments that lead to unusual levels of innovation, unusual levels of creativity? What’s the kind of environmental -- what is the space of creativity?

TED TALK - ‘WHERE GOOD IDEAS COME FROM’

ETHOS

DIFFERENCE Difference takes into account contrast of size , colour cultures that bring different groups of people together. It also plays on the importance of scale within a spatial environment and all the variants that bring together the spatial qualities of a creative environment.

BIO-PHILIA Bio-philia learns from how nature is able to positively impact society and

create conditions that bridge the gap between the inside and outside environment. It also is important in controlling the whole ecology and maintaining a balance.

SUPRA - SENSUAL Supra-sensual plays on creating a difference with human senses in an environmental space. This focuses on the many stimulants such as heat, sound and light that effect the working levels of creative work.

INITIAL CONCEPT

STUDIO FEEDBACK •

Try to ground all the concepts with key theorists and researchers. Think critically about the many conditions that influence creativity levels.

•

Multiple layers of information encourage a much more dynamic environment.

•

Is creativity about being at the right place and at the right time? Information work environment is about three different levels of interaction, from the individual, to the collective, to the environment.

ACTION PLAN •

Relate the ideas that we have generated from identifying creativity and condition together coherently.

•

Look into how it is possible to incorporate an authentic idea that increases the levels of creativity for a range of people.

•

The proposal should focus on creating a whole ecology that is beneficial for social, environmental and economical aspects.

STUDIO FEEDBACK

SUPERCRIT FEEDBACK

ACTION PLAN

•

Generally very positive feedback, some minor changes include: don’t be so literal in describing the different spaces.

•

Taking the comments on board, instead of naming the different spaces, trying to think more laterally about the activities’ relationship with the different stimulants.

•

Attempt to not have a prejudgement of the spaces created.

•

Adding another dimension of time.

•

Maintain the mindset of a child that will be able to create loose and expectational spaces.

•

Thinking about in depth the types of activities that occurs in the whole ecology of the building.

•

Indicate the activities that occupy the different areas.

•

Thinking about other forms of the play aspect.

•

Consider including more pockets of solidarity.

SUPERCRIT FEEDBACK

KNOWLEDGE

AN IMAGINATIVE LEAP! Ken Robinson (2006) highly regarded creativity as taking a chance, as kids are the best at doing this. We will never come up with anything original if we are not prepared to be wrong. And by the time we become adults, most of us have lost that capacity. As our knowledge increase, our ‘play’ decreases. We have become frightened of being wrong. We run our information work environment like this and we will be less creative.

PLAY

KEN ROBINSON, 2006

‘Creativity (from chance) creates the process of having original ideas that have value.’

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

incremental adjustment

short tem goals

IMPROVE

INVEST

CREATIVITY DIMENSIONS

CREATIVITY INCUBATE

long-term development

BERNARD TSCHUMI

Creativity is a purposeful activity that produced valuable products, services, processes or ideas that are better or new. Four different profiles are used to accommodate the diversity of people and practices. The conceptual thinking is infused by what results in the ‘inbetween’ space, a place of unexpected where programmed events might occur, events that are not part of the curriculum.

IMAGINE

breakthrough ideas

‘We need to focus on the idea that space, movement, action and event all infuse each other. ‘

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

Imagine

In-Between

Real

Pretend Play

In-Between

Real Play

Boundaryless

CEDRIC PRICE

SITTING ON THE EDGE

PRETEND PLAY / REAL PLAY

If it’s on the edge, everyone can see it: both sides of the two distinct spaces. They all have the opportunity to judge it; compare it with what has gone on before. Being on the edge allows you to interpret differently; allows you to bridge the gap between references and see analogies never seen before. Creativity on the edge is therefore all about people and what they do with things inside this free space. People’s encounters, engagements, negotiations, evaluations and so on; individually and collaboratively.

Pretend play is a communicative activity (Fornabai), it is an expressive meaning rather than instrumental communication. Consistent yet open to improvisation, pretending constructs possible worlds. Could the improbable, the impossible and the invisible lies of pretense in their fictions unmask truths? Pretending, beyond initiating the pretense, requires inference and elaboration- a conceptual flexibility that remains cognitively distinct from belief or desire. Can we make a reality of pretend play?

‘A flexible building should allow for change and the idea of ‘free space’ where a ‘menu’ of items caters for individuals and group demands for space, control, containment and delight.’

CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

INFORMATION WORK ENVIRONMENT The information work environment has evolved accordingly to the period of its time. Not trying to justify neither closed nor open office plan, the in-between space is more interesting for the transitions between the individual and the collective.

SOCIETY

NA TU

CLOSED

IN-BETWEEN

IN- BETWEEN SPACES INFORMATION WORK ENVIRONMENT

IN-BETWEEN SPACES

SOU FUJIMOTO

OPEN

The information work environment has evolved accordingly to the period of its time. Not trying to justify neither closed nor open office plan, the in-between space is more intersting for the transitions between the individual and the collective. “Everykind of architectureal definition has an in-between space” (Sou Fujimoto)

‘Every kind of architectural definition has an in-between space’.

Using ANT theory as a conceptual framework for exploring activities that generate socio-technical processes. ANT does not differentiate between society and nature. In-between pockets encourage collisions of agency and structure, context and content, microlevel phenomenon and macro-level phenomenon. ANT A - Actor N - Network T - Theory

CORE CONCEPT

DIFFERENCES CONDITIONS

IN-BETWEEN CONDITIONS

STEVE JOHNSON

‘Chance favours the connected minds’.

TED TALK - ‘WHERE GOOD IDEAS COME FROM’

SINGLE INTELLIGENCE

DUAL INTELLIGENCE HALF-BAKED HUNCH

EUREKA! GROUP INTELLIGENCE HALF-BAKED HUNCH

THE SLOW HUNCH CATALYST The evolution of Intelligence - Ideas are rarely created through a “eureka” moment. Before that moment comes ‘The Slow Hunch‘. Our proposal is an urban playground that collides different creative conditions to catalyses the process of ‘The Slow Hunch’.

SUPRASENSUAL CONDITIONS

BIOPHILLIC CONDITIONS

CORE CONCEPT

DIFFERENCE

BIO-PHILIA

Conditions of difference can push people within environments to develop cognition and adaptation can lead to become a stimulant of resilience. Direct and indirect differences can lead to a journey subjective to internal and external regulations to interaction. The engagement with existing and scaffolding will aid the process of slow-hunch.

Improving on comfort levels by using bio-philic stimulants that bridge the gap between interior - exterior - outdoor. Introducing connection with nature, generating a cohesive internal environment that may boost creativity and work levels. Integrating soft and hard surfaces create playful yet not definitive borderlands.

SUPRA - SENSUAL Interpreting Henri Lefebvre’s theories to consolidating spaces into logical generalities that focus on an abstraction of stimulant and depressant conditions that emerge from a response of human senses. Even most technologically developed system ‘cannot produce space with a perfectly clear understanding of cause and effect, motive and implication.’

STIMULATING CONDITIONS

Research & development

Training Individual work

Support union

Experiment

Entertainment

Presentation

Team building

Miscellaneous

DARKNESS Communal Kitchen

Meditation/ solidation

Sleep zone

Tea Break

Darkness describes cave like environments, with pockets of light and sharp strong angles of differing spaces. Conditions in darkness are identified suitable for activities linked with meditation, sleeping and for individual solidation.

Administration

Exhibitions

Chat/ discussion zone

Break out space Formal meeting/ conference

Research & development

Sport

Terrace/ outdoor space

Training Individual work

Support union

GREEN

Experiment

Entertainment

Presentation

Team building

Miscellaneous

Communal Kitchen

Green tests environments that are highlighting the qualities similar to a forest. Trees are used to isolate and define boundaries. Conditions in green are defined to be a wide(Final) range, from break out spaces, Development formal meetings to a general causal chat zone. The forest will force direction of movement and force people to interact and gather to share creative ideas.

Meditation/ solidation

Sleep zone

Tea Break

Administration

Exhibitions

Chat/ discussion zone

Break out space Formal meeting/ conference

Sport

Terrace/ outdoor space

PLAN DRAWINGS

Research & development

Training Individual work

Support union

Experiment

Entertainment

Presentation

Team building

Miscellaneous

HIGH & LOWS Communal Kitchen

Meditation/ solidation

High & Lows describe environments that are filled with peaks and troths. These conditions are intended to promote interaction through exploration and conditions visually show the different ways in between working people. High & Lows will trigger activities such as team building, training and research.

Sleep zone

Tea Break

Administration

Exhibitions

Chat/ discussion zone

Break out space Formal meeting/ conference

Research & development

Sport

Terrace/ outdoor space

Training Individual work

Support union

LIGHTNESS

Experiment

Entertainment

Presentation

Team building

Development (Final)

Lightness focuses on conditions that push activities of entertainment, experiment and sport. This stimulant are for relaxation and to break away from the working conditions.

Miscellaneous

Communal Kitchen

Meditation/ solidation

Sleep zone

Tea Break

Administration

Exhibitions

Chat/ discussion zone

Break out space Formal meeting/ conference

Sport

Terrace/ outdoor space

PLAN DRAWINGS

Aims to foster creative ideas under a multi-layered internal environment. Our thread of research has led us to pursue an idea of introducing different ecologies into those less marketable in-between spaces of any information work place represented by the Cartesian grid.

CAVE

RIVER

MOUNTAIN

NATURE

CANYON

INFORMATION WORK

RE-DEFINING

CAVE

SKY

FOREST

TERRAIN

E _ S C A P E !

EDGE_ENVIRONMENT_EXPLORE Aims to foster creative ideas under a multi-layered internal environment. Our thread of research has led us to pursue an idea of introducing different ecologies into those less marketable in-between spaces of any information work place represented by the Cartesian grid.

SUPRASENSUAL

Conditions of difference can push people within environments to develop cognition and adaptation become a stimulant of resilient. Different environment Henri Lefebvre’s theories are used to consolidate spaces into logical gen- provides customised stimulations that speed conditions up people’s creativity. It not only creates eralities that focus on abstraction of stimulant and depressant that emerge from a response of human senses. spaces but also frees up the users mind. healthy Human well-being and comfortBIO-PHILIA level are enhance using biophilic stimulants, bridging the gap between interior, exterior and outdoor.

Conditions of difference push people within environments to develop push people within environments to can develop cognition and adaptation become a stimulant of resilient. tion become a stimulant of resilient. Henri Lefebvre’s aregenused to consolidate spaces into logical gensed to consolidate spaces theories into logical eralities that focus on abstraction tion of stimulant and depressant conditions of stimulant and depressant conditions DIFFERENCE emerge from a response of human senses. m a response of human that senses. Human well-being and comfort ort level are enhance using biophilic stimu- level are enhance using biophilic stimuDesigned as an open concept plan, it brings bio-enetween interior,lants, exterior and Theoutdoor. space andbetween circulations provides flexibility that accommodates Designed as an open concept plan, it brings bio-environment into bridging the gap interior, exterior and outdoor. vironment into the office space. Provides users the ce and circulations provides BIOPHILLIC everyone’s flexibility needs. This that includes scale. the office space. Provides users the change to virtually escape from chance to virtually escape from the city. dates everyone’s needs. This includes scales, the city. CAVE

RIVER

NATURE

BIOPHILLIC

DIFFERENCE

MOUNTAIN

colours, texture, feel etc.

INFORMATION WORK

Conditions of difference can push people within environments to develop cognition and adaptation become a stimulant of resilient. Henri Lefebvre’s theories are used to consolidate spaces into logical generalities that focus on abstraction of stimulant and depressant conditions that emerge from a response of human senses. Human well-being and comfort level are enhance using biophilic stimulants, bridging the gap between interior, exterior and outdoor.

SKY

SUPRA - SENSUAL

RE-DEFINING

CANYON

CAVE

Designed as an open concept plan, it brings bio-environment into the office space. Provides users the chance to virtually escape from the city.

FOREST

TERRAIN

Different environment provides customised stimulants that speed SUPRASENSUAL up people’s creativity. It not only creates healthy spaces but also frees up the users mind.

Conditions of difference can push people within environments to develop cognition and adaptation become a stimulant of resilient. Different environment Henri Lefebvre’s theories are used to consolidate spaces into logical gen- provides customised stimulations that speed conditions up people’s creativity. It not only creates eralities that focus on abstraction of stimulant and depressant that emerge from a response of human senses. spaces but also frees up the users mind. healthy Human well-being and comfort level are enhance using biophilic stimulants, bridging the gap between interior, exterior and outdoor.

DIFFERENCE

The space and circulations provides flexibility that accommodates everyone’s needs. This includes scales, colours, texture, feel etc.

FURTHER DEVELOPMENT

LIGHTNESS

As Stimulant

LIGHTNESS

Not bounded by any borders, the open, free flexible spaces accomAS STIMULANT modate any type of activities, creating possibilities for unexpected events and meetings. Not bounded by any borders, the open, free flexible spaces

accommodate any type of activities, creating possibilities for unexpected events and meetings.

VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS

GREEN

As Stimulant

Staying close within the green spaces and surrounded by nature, users can appreciate and unpolluted working condition.

GREEN AS STIMULANT

Staying close within the green spaces and surrounded by nature, users can appreciate an unpolluted working condition.

VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS

DARKNESS

As Stimulant

Dark, deep, enclosed spaces force the individuals to be highly focused on thinking or meditation without exterior distraction.

DARKNESS AS STIMULANT

Deep, dark, enclosed spaces force the individuals to be highly focused on thinking or meditating without exterior distraction.

VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS

HIGH & LOWS

As Stimulant

HIGH LOWS

Being on a contoured landscape, users open up a different perspectAS STIMULANT ive, which trigger new insight, understanding and experiences.

Being on a contoured landscape, users open up a different perspective, which trigger new insight, understanding and experiences.

VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS

SOCIAL ASPECT By encouraging and SOCIAL ASPECT

SKY TERRAIN

integrating the nature of external environments into By and integrating the theencouraging occupied interior, we envisage nature of external environments into to adding extra layers of interactions the occupied into the internalinterior, spaces. we envisage to adding extra layers of interactions into the internal spaces.

FOREST CAVE

SKY

FIXED WORKING CONDITION FIXED WORKING CONDITION FIXED WORKING CONDITION

FOREST

TERRAIN CAVE

PERMEABLE WORKING CONDITION PERMEABLE WORKING CONDITION PERMEABLE WORKING CONDITION

COMBINED ECOLOGY

The section shows a possibility ofSOCIAL ASPECT combinations of stimulating conditions, By encouraging and integrating the nature of external environments prompting social engagement, higher into the occupied levels of creativity without interior losing and extra layers of interactions into the internal spaces. individual requirements of solidarity.

COMBINED ECOLOGY The section shows a possibility of combinations stimulating conditions, prompting social engagement, higher levels of creativity without losing individual requirements of solidarity.

VISUAL ILLUSTRATIONS

Christina Liu

Choo Wei Ee Danson

Yang Jessie Hu

See Sern Khor

Qualities:

Maintaining a calm and relaxed demeanour to see the tasks completed with a clear and focused mind. Very organised and resourceful.

Making sure that the same desire and ambition to succeed is present, even when faced with pressure, will see to accomplishing goals and make proposals stand out.

Achievements:

Thinking and engaging with design systematically and laterally portraying ideas.

Applying and complying different design thinkings by integrating and utilising specific knowledge.

Application of knowledge from many areas of architectural studies. Applying a theoretical approach to design.

Value team collaborations and to approach the design with a more practical and detailed manner.

By designing together for RSA Creative Conditions, each team member has challenged their previous skill sets. The concept evolved to be quite strong and engaging, the key ideas and concepts also address an ecology as a whole and sustains the creative aspect. The mixture of knowledge and skill sets has also managed to bring the standard of visual illustrations to be much more playful and interesting.

CRITICAL TEAM ANALYSIS

Yang Jessie Hu Qualities: Able to adapt thinking and design ideas when faced with difficulties and bring diversity. Ensuring that all problems are solved and overcome quickly and competently without any real stress or pressure.

Achievements: Application of knowledge from many areas of architectural studies. Applying a theoretical approach to design.

Participation & Self Evaluation

Skills Learnt

Forming a new team for approaching a different set of projects with the past experience of LAKA allowed use to make some key decisions and establish each others skill sets within the group from the very beginning. I feel being able to work in team throughout the whole project allowed ideas to be stronger and boosted realisation of concepts to ideas.

Thinking back to the many steps of the design process, I would say that it was an enjoyable process. I have learned a lot both in illustration techniques and also for design to reach have a much more abstract and creative way of representation.

All members contributed as all stages and I would say the only primary concern is the limitation of knowledge on 3D modelling software that could have helped realise some of our most exciting ideas. However, we were able to compensate this with the constant flow of creative concepts and enthusiasm. In conclusion, this was a positive team experience and through establishing a good sense of targets and roles in the group ealier on can become a strong foundation for an innovative group.

SELF EVALUATION

- iWe Collectivism, Collaborative, Share and Play

CONTENTS

INFORMATION WORK ENVIRONMENT

INTRODUCT ION

Brief Breakdown

Placemaking Information Workers Topography Collaborative Masterplan Space and Society Environmental Collision Collective Strategy Typology

Iwe is the final project for qed MArch 1’s second semester. This project is to tie together the initial concepts developed for RSA Creative Condition competition. iWe explores the Information Work Environment, through analysing both the value and the process of information workers, it is adding value to the overall environment of Manchester’s new airport city masterplan. This project was decided to be undertaken as a team collaborative effort, as we had very positive feedback from RSA Creative Condition and strong team dynamics. The individual aspect will illustrate how we interpret the different concepts and strategies developed throughout Creative Conditions thinking. iWE will be closely monitored by atelier tutors as well as external visitors from Sheila Bird and Bruntwood, whom provided a more in-depth informative perspective on this project, which will give us a lot of guidance and advice to solving and refining the different stages of the propositions and scheme.

The objective is to explore information work and the way it will develop and critically identify how buildings for information work can be ‘environmentally positive’ in the context of materials, systems and operations over time as well as being a ‘useful’ and sensually engaging place for twenty first century information workers.

iWe Brief

Precedents Design Developments Concept Programme Collective Encounters Creative Conditions Collaborative Core Build a Friend Food Patch Tectonics Time and Evolution Building Ecology Drawing Pack Appendix

INTRODUCT ION

Place Making BRUNTWOOD & SHEILA BIRD We began the process with preparing questions and conducting an interview with Bruntwood and Sheila Bird to begin the process of thinking ahead for Creative Conditions and Information Work Environment in the context of Manchester Airport Masterplan. This process provided very useful information on how both external and internal spaces should respond to reach the most optimum conditions when designing the office environments. Key concepts highlighted areas of interest such as place making, designing to accommodate different cultures.

THE HIVE - FIVEPLUS Visiting the Hive provided the next level of information in designing and thinking about a productive office environment. The visit was divided into two sections. The first was the gather information about the functions of the Hive and the different design strategies, focusing on post occupancy and maintenance. The second was to understand the thinking behind how the Masterplan was designed and the many decisions FivePlus. Phil Doyle guided us to think about the fundamentals that make an airport Masterplan different about to others.

MANUFACTURE LECTURE - SAPA The lecture by SAPA provided us with useful insight into how the technical components of the whole system can be complied together. We were as a whole atelier introduced to the both Stick and Unitised Facade systems. This enabled us to think about as the project developed which facade system is the most relevant in making the design come together and become more structurally, economically and environmentally positive.

BRUNTWOOD

SHEILA BIRD KEY QUESTIONS FOR LEE TREANOR:

KEY QUESTIONS FOR ATAL BANSAL:

1: Are there any key principles you follow when trying to appeal to new clients when renovating an office space?

1: What are the most important contemporary themes, trends or ideas applied to the interior design and use of office environments?

2: How do you sell or embed the idea of sustainability?

2: How do you deal with change over time within the environments you design or the organisations you design for ?

3:What are the biggest markets currently in the city and what do you do differently to target them? What do you think will happen at `airport city` in respect of tenants etc?

3: You’ve worked with many different clients – how do you categorise them? which clients do you prefer working with and why?

4: What sort of things do you consider when thinking about the sense of place or amenity surrounding your building and the impact this might have in marketing to clients? Are there other `peripherals` that influence attractiveness to clients?

4: In the current market, what characteristics define the best or most effective interior design for offices and the organisations that use them?

5: What are the most popular or important features of an office space from a client’s point of view?

REFLECTIVE OUTPUTS 1. Position most of the informal spaces to be on the ground floor. Eg: Cafe, restaurant integrated with entrance lobby, informal meeting rooms, more communal activity areas. 2. Create flexibility for entrance, renovation flexibility. 3. Create an open plan office. 4. Design the space on a floor by floor basis, allow the occupants to grow and occupy other floors. 5. The less there is to fit out the better occupants have to play and explore with. 6. Plan on servicing such as air conditioning and heater so that you don’t have to mess around so much when it comes to installing partition. 7. Consider building security as it is important to the client: CCTV, tailgating issues, burgular alarms. 8. Create less formal spaces and to promote a less corporate images. 9. See the building works for many years. 10. Think about the energy consumption of the buildings, proximity to transport. 11. Important to incorporate facilities and public realm into the building.

6: What are the main factors that affect a client’s decision on choosing to invest in one office space rather than another? Is sustainability a major one among these factors? 7: How well is an innovative form of office accepted in the market (say an office space that you can comfortably live in/flexible/portable or even automated)? 8. What would represent the `ideal` office building from your perspective (maintenance, management, marketability, income etc) 9. What should we look at (references etc) that might help us understand the issues of managing and marketing office `products` to the contemporary market.

5: Which aspects of the design do you tend to focus on when working with clients? How do you create priorities ?

REFLECTIVE OUTPUTS 1. People already have a perception of what is wrong, process and describing process is important. What are the physically involved elements. 2. Selling an image, not content. 3. Seeing more social spaces. 4. Everybody wants their own space, whether it is at home or at work. 5. Adopt with what you want and know, pick correct connections. 7. Data will become the most important asset. 8. Health is becoming a big part of design, technology is used to measure health in the workspace. 9. Building being interactive give a sense of ‘you’. 10. Talk to staff and see what they want. 11. Design the building and the culture, to make people want to work there. 12. 9/10, breaking the habbit.

6. How do you approach different user behaviour or cultural attitudes to space given that contemporary offices might accommodate people from different cultures etc (we`re thinking about airport city here). 7. How do you design to create a specific atmosphere to enhance (for example) people’s productivity, mood and health? 8. Can you give us a list of what you regard as the most valuable references (projects, publications etc) to the interior design of office environments available at the present time. 9. Identify the `next big thing(s)` in approaches to the design or use of information work environments (offices).

INTRODUCT ION

I n f o r m a t i o n Wo r k e r s

TO P O G R A P H Y

Collaborative Masterplan We treated the FivePlus Masterplan by overlaying the original layout with a Cartesian grid. This allowed us to systematically go through and pin-point all the key locations and spaces of interest. According to FivePlusâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Masterplan the site is divided into multiple strips organised in height, each strip consisting of roughly four plots. Our proposal defines Information Work Environment having an important conditions of collaborative encounters. Therefore by reinterpreting the masterplan, we show the main concept running through four sites that are adjacent to each other to promote the highest level of interaction between all the plots on site.

TO P O G R A P H Y

S PA C E + S O C I E T Y One of the important social aspects bought about by the Masterplan is to provide opportunity for Wythenshaw, the adjacent residential district bordering Manchester Airport. We took this opportunity to think about the wider positives that could be integrated into the Masterplan and the many different connections that will bridge between Wythenshaw and the Airport. All the networks create a continuous feedback loop, that works to promote interaction and connectivity between the two differing sides of the Masterplan, by highlighting the various components of main vehicular routes, pedestrian accesses and feeder routes, the plots are able to provide the most beneficial impact.

NODES

PEDESTRIAN PEDESTRIAN

GREEN BELT

FEEDER ROAD

FEEDER ROAD HUMAN RESOURCES

EXISTING ROAD

WYTHENSHAWE

OPPORTUNITIES SITE

AIRPORT TERMINAL

Open Seminar

Library

AIRPORT Open Gym ROOF GARDEN

Open Food

FOOD PLANTATION

Cafe

TO P O G R A P H Y

Collective Strategy The general approach which we have adopted will consider the main concepts of how to incorporate:

CAFE-RESTAURANT

MANCHESTER CITY CENTER SEMINAR ROOM SHARED ATRIUM

Collaborative space, to encourage encounters of different professions and working environments. In-Between Space, to utilise all areas of the office and also making the many non-marketable spaces profitable. Connect, to boost the interaction levels between all four plots and consider the four plots as a single entity.

T Y P O LO G Y

Precedents Kait Workshop Junya Ishigami

7th FLOOR MULTIMEDIA LIBRARY

5th-6th FLOOR GALLERY SPACE

3rd-4th FLOOR EXHIBITION SPACE

T Y P O LO G Y

Precedents

Sendai Mediatheque To y o I t o “i think of architecture as a piece of clothing to wrap around human beings.” Toyo Ito

2nd FLOOR LIBRARY/ BROWSING LOUNGE

The simplest intentions of focusing on plates (floors), tubes (columns), and skin (facade/exterior walls) allows for a poetic and visually intriguing design, as well as a complex system of activities and informational systems. The building changes along with the seasons, it’s openness reflective of the summer green and also the streets during winter.

Reflection the building is designed in layers with flexible open plans to accommodate the idea that the users of the building occupy a media/information landscape or “digital ecology”. The layers are readable from the exterior and, open and dynamic with many micro environments whose activities are coordinated by the furniture, lighting and interior atmosphere. These stimulating spaces can enable information workers to immerse themselves in the best environment that suits the individuals for better production and performance.

1st FLOOR ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICE

T Y P O LO G Y

Design Development 1 The initial ideas were to different the site into four distinctive phases. These included functional morphologies to temporary structures: Data Server, Healthy Velodrome and Structural Pavilion.

FIRST FLOOR DARKNESS

THIRD FLOOR HIGH LOWS

T Y P O LO G Y FIFTH FLOOR

Design Development 2

GREEN After a studio crit session with qed academic staff, the programme of the initial idea changed. Instead of placing specific programmes within each of the four plots, the environment of the working spaces will be more focused on resolving the ecological challenges that surround the airport city masterplan. The ideology is to generate a more coherent proposal which focused on the main concept such as collaborative core, environmental differences and social links.

T Y P O LO G Y

Design Development 2 Programme

The topological morphology of the programme indicates main atriums providing 360 views across different plots and the secondary atriums within each plot provide natural lighting and hightened social and visual interaction between information workers in the building and between buildings.

PLAYGROUND 1

PLAYGROUND 2

PLAYGROUND 3

PLAYGROUND 4

Public Playground- Ground Floor

T Y P O LO G Y

Design Development 2 Playground

Private Playground- Roof Floor

The main concept is to introduce a public space on the ground and roof floor. The ground floor pubic space- playground is open to the public while the roof playground is private for information workers within. The social spaces are provided to improve information workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; everyday routine.

LIGHTNESS

Open Seminar

Library

AIRPORT Open Gym GREEN

ROOF GARDEN

Open Food

FOOD PLANTATION

HIGH LOWS

Cafe INCREASE SPAN

INCREASE VISUAL-ABILITY

SHARED CORE

CAFE-RESTAURANT

DARKNESS

MANCHESTER CITY CENTER WYTHENSHAWE

SHARED FACILITY

SEMINAR ROOM SHARED ATRIUM

CREATIVE CONDITIONS

COLLABORATIVE CORE

SHARED ATRIUM

CONNECTION

COLLABRATION

INCREASE SOCIAL-ABILITY

SHARED ATRIUM

SHARED COLLABORATIVE SPACE

SHARE CORE

FUTURE USE

SHARE INFORMATION

SHARE KNOWLEDGE

BUILD A FRIEND INCREASE ACCESSIBILITY

VENDING MACHINE

T Y P O LO G Y

Concept The holistic building relies on a continuous concept consisting of creative conditions, collaborative cores, open and semi-open structural spaces that promote the sharing of ideas and food cultures.

COLLECTIVE ENCOUNTERS

TYPICAL STRUCTURE

T Y P O LO G Y

Programme The main programme of this building considers different interpretations of creative activities consisting of open and private spaces that increase productivity levels. These include food-orientated themes, sharing kitchen, cafes and others.

CONNECTION

COLLABRATION

Nodal Maps

T Y P O LO G Y

Collective Encounters By following the initial guidelines set up by FivePlus, each of the four plots in the strip become strongly connected via longer axial lines.

Space Syntax

Axial Lines - According to Space Syntax by Professor Bill Hillier, these are lines that are connected to many other routes of access. Hence the longer the Axial Line, the more connected the route/space has to its adjacent surrounding.

By using the theory of Bill Hillier, space syntax is applied to strengthen the positioning of the plots and hence influenced our positioning the shared cores.

Therefore, the organisation of the plots into a strip of connected single entities will allow for maximum connectivity, both visually and physically.

LIGHTNESS

GREEN

HIGH LOWS

DARKNESS

T Y P O LO G Y

Creative Conditions By taking concepts generated from Creative Conditions the internal configurations of a working environment will be a representation of the stimulants, lightness, darkness, green and high lows, used to create an inspiring office environment. Following on from the concept, each member of the team made an interpretation of the stimulants and how it can be physically applied to create a whole ecology.

SHARED ATRIUM

Creative Iterations

Open Seminar

Library

AIRPORT Open Gym ROOF GARDEN

Open Food

FOOD PLANTATION

Cafe

CAFE-RESTAURANT

MANCHESTER CITY CENTER WYTHENSHAWE

SEMINAR ROOM SHARED ATRIUM

T Y P O LO G Y

Collaborative Core The main social benefit of the Airport Masterplan buffer-zone is the increase in opportunities it will bring for Wythenshaw. The strategy is to identify a collaborative core that highlights the main interaction spaces between the people working in the different parts of the office. This space will be based around socialising activities that aim to bring people together and help promote cross level interactions. Activities will vary, between seminar rooms, cafe/restaurant, library, open gym. The core principles will be focused around people in Information Work being able to ‘share core’, ‘share information’ and ‘share knowledge’.

SHARE CORE

SHARE INFORMATION

SHARE KNOWLEDGE

“it wasn’t so much that people with similar attitudes became friends, but rather that people who passed each other during the day.” Schachter, S. (1980) INCREASE SPAN

INCREASE VISUAL-ABILITY

SHARED CORE

SHARED FACILITY

INCREASE SOCIAL-ABILITY

SHARED ATRIUM

SHARED COLLABORATIVE SPACE

FUTURE USE

T Y P O LO G Y

Build a Friend Experts within the field of sociology explained that friendship formation could be traced to infancy, where children acquired the values, beliefs, and attitudes that would bind or separate them later in life. Therefore the physical space of the shared core, shared atrium and shared facility will all be shared spaces that can be based on the idea of people passing each other during the day and gradually become friends and adopt some similar attributes, compared to each other.

INCREASE ACCESSIBILITY

TYPICAL STRUCTURE

T Y P O LO G Y

Render Atrium The atrium is a main feature in connecting the four plots together. The back bone of the atrium consists of vending machines that focuses on promoting food culture and biophilic properties that increase workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; lifestyle.

“Friendships are likely to develop on the basis of brief and passive contacts made going to and from home or walking about the neighborhood.”

Leon Festinger Information Workers

T Y P O LO G Y

Physical Activities

Food Patch

Food Patches

On-site micro kitchen

Information workers are encouraged to create a brief and passive contact ie. “casually colliding”, an aim that echoes Steve Jobs’ encouragement of “unplanned collaborations.” 30 metres from food - a cafeteria, a micro-kitchen, a micro-supermarket or a food patch—which encourages employees to snack constantly as they bump into co-workers from different teams within the company. Nutritional Healthy Eating

Interactions Improve workplace morale and engagement

Farming Using both hydroponics and soil based farming, crops and office workers share a common place

Wythenshaw residents owned food patches instead of in front of their homtes Increase work productivity

Taking Supermarket-like shelves at the bottom plucked by Wythenshaw’s residences allow information workers and in-house chefsto pick the freshest

30 metres from food rule

WORK-FOOD ECOLOGY TEXT

T Y P O LO G Y

â&#x20AC;&#x2DC; Ve n d i n g M a c h i n e â&#x20AC;&#x2122; The qualities of the configurable types of vending machines are suspended in the shared atrium to increase collective encounter and raise general awareness of food cultures.

Configuration 2 (Cafe)

Configuration 3 (Meeting Rooms)

Configuration 4 (Library)

Configuration 1 (Typical Vending Machine)

Configuration 5 (Exhibition)

t e c to n i c s

Environmental Collisions By carefully examining the different site conditions, we were able to identify the environmental conditions that needed to be taken into consideration. Symbols were used to pick out and highlight the main impacting variants that effected the site, being; noise, light and sound. The further development of this analysis will be to think of a strategy that will be multifunctional to accommodate for the many different conditions that will be effecting the internal and external spaces.

LIGHT VISIBILITY NOISE WIND

South / West facade

North / East facade

North

West

air gap

operable PV louvres

operable vertical fins

low E double glazing

aluminium grills

aluminium grillage

East sun rain noise South

wind

T E CTO N IC S

Facade Skin The building orientation resulted the South and West facade exposed to major environmental issues, while the North and East facade are well protected. The composition of the skin is interchangeable to accommodate for the different environmental exposed to the South-West compared to the North-East facades.

air in

Composition of wall layers curtain wall system

air space in between

solar and shading system

high efficient glass low E double glazing

cooling in summer air insulation in winter

automated operable louvres shading system

energy production pv wall +

LED media board

inner wall (polycarbonate/ partition/glass)

structure

SOUTH VIEW

T E CTO N IC S

Facade Skin The multi-functional louvers are reacting to the strong wind, heavy airport noise pollution and long hours sunlight exposure.

T E CTO N IC S

C u r t a i n Wa l l This facade system on the north-east uses poly-carbonate as a replacement of glass, it has a cradle-cradle recyclable life cycle. Polycarbonate is naturally transparent, with the ability to transmit light nearly that of glass. It has high strength, toughness, heat resistance, and excellent dimensional and colour stability.

1:30@A3

T Y P O LO G Y

Precedents

Diagrid Structures Diagonals bracing systems were initially used to provided lateral support for environmental and seismic loads. Vertical core was the primary means of lateral resistance. Diagrid structures take bracing systems to new heights as the expression of the bracing system becomes the architectural expression of the building. Eliminating vertical columns, diagrids structural system increased stability due to triangulation, by combining the gravity and lateral load bearing systems, thus providing more structural efficiency, reduced up to 1/5 of the required structural steel amount. Not only it provides alternate load paths in the event of a structural failure, it significantly reduced the structure weight as well as the carbon footprint in material production, construction, transportation processes.

Reflection In order to achieve large, unobstructed floor plate with maximum activities spaces, and to ensure high efficiency net-to-gross working floor area, space frame design was first being investigate to create long span built environment. It then leads to the study of diagrid structures that minimise structure while keeping maximum visibility. The use of diagrid structure system allows modular prefabrication off-site, increase the precision of construction, reducing the amount of construction time and error, as well as the material carbon footprint

Central Judicial Collection Agency _Felix Claus Dick van Wageningen Architecten Flexible floor space and greatest possible openness were the two determining parameters in the design for the building. The maximally open faรงade of the offices has a second skin to meet all the criteria for climate change, comfort and sustainability. This second skin consists of narrow, curved glass panels and is draped around the volume like an ethereal veil. The building has optimal flexibility. Instead of a standard office layout with rooms, corridors and central zones, it has an open floor space without obstructions, flexible to accommodate the future change in programme. With different type of office environment arranged in diverse compositions, together with the covered atrium, provided the internal working zones with plenty of daylight, and a piazza with meeting areas on the ground floor. Together with the light and open working levels, the atrium and piazza give the building a highly individual identity that is very different from traditional offices: a modern, flexible and comfortable working environment with a maximal view of the surroundings on all sides.

Leutschenbach school building_Christian Kerez In Leutschenbach school building , where the programme is stacked to leave as much of the site free as possible, the relative extravagance of the structure is countered by the compact volume of the building. The programme elements are layered on top of the another. All levels are composed as spatial structural steel frameworks. The location of the bracing differs from one level to the other, allowing various layouts of the interior spaces and offering specific relationships to the exterior. Using trusses with similar language for the individual pieces allows for the building to read as a whole. The structure segments, unifies, and abruptly changes to serve the architecture. At the same time, the arrangement creates a structural puzzle to be solved. The architectural use of structure, which works so well here, can only happen due to a clever exploration of the load path.

PRIMARY STRUCTURE

SECONDARY STRUCTURE

t e c to n i c s

Structural Strategy The structure is inspired by Christian Kerezâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Leutschenbach School (above) which then act as the primary structure for the atrium/core of the office. The whole building (bottom) is supported by tripods at the ground floor; the location of these tripods allows for the interior trusses to cantilever on each end. The exterior trusses, remarkably are supported not from the bottom, but from the top by the transfer trusses at level eight, which also creates a floating feel. This is a structure whose primary function is to define space and volume; a composition using trusses.

Electrics

Mechanical System

T E CTO N IC S

Water

Services + Core Multi-Functional Facade

The main vertical circulation is focused within the cores, running vertically to accommodate electrical, mechanical and water systems. The positions of the cores also provide an 18m clear radius for fire escape routes.

Food Patch

18 m

Fire Safety Strategy

DIFFUSED LIGHT SOUND DISPERSION

T E CTO N IC S

Raised Floor

Floor System Floor system has integrated two main aspects; raised floor and the waffle ceiling. The waffle ceiling has two main functions that deal with acoustic control and light diffusion to ensure information workers increases their happiness, productivity and longevity.

30m

Pedestals

Material efficient concrete slab

Atrium

Lightness Roof Garden

Green W.E.

High Lows W.E.

Darkness W.E.

e c o lo gy

Ve n t i l a t i o n The position of the dark working environment will be where most of the cool air will impact first via the chilled underground tunnels. The chilled air will circulate up towards the middle of the building where it will be slowly distributed to the High Lows and Green working environments. Lastly, the Lightness roof garden will be last point of contact, where the warm air will rise to and be circulated out of the building.

Chilled Underground Tunnel

Rainwater

e c o lo gy

Wa t e r M a n a g e m e n t

Roof

The system will collect all the surface rain and pass it through the contour shaped roof system and drip feed the untreated water through a stone filtration system, allowing it to be utilised again throughout the building in places of the vending machine, toilets,kitchens and others.

Stone Filtration System

Kitchen Food Patch Core Toilet

Water Treatment

e c o lo gy

‘High Ground’ By bringing the ‘park’ to the roof level, a ‘radical flatness’ would re-establish views across the green belt and airport site (airplanes passing) and allow the environment to spill into and above the building from the external groundscapes. Addressing issues of sustainability and efficiency, the playground will use water cycling and alternative energy system such as pv panels while also establishing a balance between open and shaded conditions, flexible and programmable space that creates a welcoming and ecologically diverse environment.

e c o lo gy

Adaptive System

Warm Air Warm air escapes during summer

There will be three collaborative atriums in the building, each of them providing natural daylight and stack effect ventilation while the programmable office spaces rely on cross ventilation, which allows the cool air to enter the building and warm air to escape at the top. These atrium also acts as vertical circulation and service, which accommodates food patches and collaborative space. Double louver facade system on the south-west side filters sunlight and noise coming into the building and both doubles facades on the southeast and north-east facade (double curtain wall facade) further facilitates in providing natural ventilation without noise deterrence while also traps air with openable louvres at the top to provide heating in the winter and cooling in the summer.

Louvres Warm air trapped during winter

Sun Light

View Out

Cross ventilation

Noise Noise

Cool Air

DIURNAL

BUSINESS EXPANSION

FUTURE YEARS

The building’s function as 24 hours working space. During day time, the activity level are consistant through out from the collaborative space to the open working studios. At night, information workers are concentrated primarily in the collaborative space, pushed by open resources such as atrium lighting that mimicks natural day lighting and food patches.

The building configuration provides a flexible layout, which promotes business expansions. The diagrid structural frame further facilitates in partitioning the space for all business scales.

The design proposal could also retrofit to a wealth of building types from existing B1 offices to other classes such as A,C and D, (ie. shopping mall, leisure, apartments and hotels), which can be fitted into the existing floor plan and shared core system.

OPTION 1 Building Class C3 80㎡Apartment

DAY TIME - ACTIVITY LEVELS

OPTION 2

Building Class C1 TYPICAL PLAN

37㎡ Hotel OPTION 3

T i m e & e v o l ut i o n

Vision 2050 NIGHT TIME- ACTIVITY LEVELS

OPTION 4

D R AW I N G PA C K

Individual Interpretation Plays ‘R’ Us

The whole building consist of four integrated information work spaces that promotes collaboration under one roof. This promotes meeting and practices between people of different background, profession etc. During the process, they share information and knowledge which contributes further to the information work environment regardless of the ‘actants’. Each of us designed based of the grid of 15m that dictates the work and collaboration spaces.

8th Level 29.50 7th Level 27.00 6th Level 23.50 5th Level 20.00 4th Level 16.50 3rd Level 13.00 2nd Level 9.50 1st Level 6.00 Ground Level 0.00 PLAYS ‘R’ US 1

PLAYS ‘R’ US 2

PLAYS ‘R’ US 3

PLAYS ‘R’ US 4

Section C-C

D r aw i n g p a c k

Ground Floor Playground

The ground floor is a public playground that functions as a gathering point for three sets of people; the workers within the building, wider airport city workers and Whythensaw residents and potentially other general public.

D r aw i n g p a c k

Ground Floor Plan Playground

1:400 The shallow changes in land levels will be a welcoming spot that is full of private exhibition hubs and open cafe seating areas.

A 8000

B 11000

C 11000

D 14000

D r aw i n g p a c k

First Floor Plan Darkness

1:400 These are four different interpretations of the dark, confined and more solitude spaces that promote working ethics (co-working) and works collectively.

A 8000

B 11000

C 11000

D 14000

D r aw i n g p a c k

Third Floor Plan High Lows

1:400 Four different interpretations of high and low changes in floor levels that changes scale and perspective of working spaces, that is for meetings, discussions and also personal works. This configuration promotes both public (bottom) and private working (top).

A 8000

B 11000

C 11000

D 14000

D r aw i n g p a c k

Fifth Floor Plan Greens

1:400 This is four different interpretations of green spaces that constantly increases visual and sensual feelings that allows the worker to directly engage with natural surroundings made real within an information working environment.

A 8000

B 11000

C 11000

D 14000

D r aw i n g p a c k

Seventh Floor Plan Roof: High Ground

1:400 Open to the elements, the sky garden/High ground is a private space for the workers to gather. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dual purpose is to channel maximum natural sunlight into the atrium spaces of the four plots, whilst still being connected to each other via a long winding path.

A 8000

B 11000

C 11000

D 14000

T Y P O LO G Y

Individual Development First floor plan Darkness

Third floor plan High low

EXPLORATION

OPENNESS

Fifth floor plan

STROLLING

Green

SHORT SECTION

D r aw i n g p a c k

Short Section

D r aw i n g p a c k

F i r s t /7S e c o n d F l o o8r Darkness

D r aw i n g p a c k

First/Second Floor Darkness

D r aw i n g p a c k

6T h i r d / F o r t h7 F l o o r High Lows

D r aw i n g p a c k

Third/Forth Floor High Lows

D r aw i n g p a c k

Fifth/Sixth Floor High Lows

D r aw i n g p a c k

Fifth/Sixth Floor High Lows

NIGHT PERSPECT I VE

North Facade

BIBLIOGRAPHY Schachter, S. (1980). Nonpsychological explanations of behavior. In Retrospective on Social Psychology, ed. L. Festinger, pp. 131–57. New York: Oxford University Press. ArchDaily. (2015). Atelier 2B’s “Soft in the Middle” Rethinks Modernism for An Age of Collaboration and Sharing. [online] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/…/atelier-2bs-soft-in-the-middle-…/ [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. ArchDaily. (2015). NL*A Reveals Plans for Open-Concept Green Office Building in France. [online] Available at: http://www. archdaily.com/…/nl-star-a-reveals-plans-for-open… [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. Brown, T. (2016). Tales of creativity and play. [online] Ted.com. Available at: https://www.ted.com/talks/tim_brown_on_creativity_and_play… [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. Google Books. (2016). Dimensions of Creativity. [online] Available at: https://books.google.co.uk/books… [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. Manolopoulou, Y. (2016). The Active Voice of Architecture: An Introduction to the Idea of Chance. 1st ed. [ebook] The Active Voice of Architecture, pp.62-72. Available at: http://www.field-journal.org/…/2007_Vo…/y%20manolopoulou.pdf [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. Myweb.fsu.edu. (2016). The Production of Space by Henri Lefebvre. [online] Available at: http://myweb.fsu.edu/…/1%20 Final%20Proje…/lefebvreintro.html [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. SHELLEY LONG. (2012). Roma 12 – Lived, Perceived, and Conceived Space. [online] Available at: https://shelleylong. me/2012/08/10/roma-12-space/ [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. WIRED, Y. and Help, Y. (2016). Your Office Is Too Cold. Or Too Hot. But Science Wants to Help. [online] WIRED. Available at: http://www.wired.com/…/your-office-is-too-cold-or-too-hot-…/ [Accessed 25 Apr. 2016]. ArchDaily. 2016. AD Classics: Sendai Mediatheque / Toyo Ito | ArchDaily . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.archdaily. com/118627/ad-classics-sendai-mediatheque-toyo-ito. [Accessed 01 April 2016]. Pamela Buxton. 2016. Grater London | Technical | Building Design. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bdonline.co.uk/grater-london/5045350.article. [Accessed 01 April 2016]. ArchDaily. 2016. Leutschenbach School / Christian Kerez | ArchDaily . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.archdaily.com/382485/ leutschenbach-school-christian-kerez. [Accessed 01 April 2016]. Barton Engineers: Structural Analysis of Leutschenbach School. 2016. Barton Engineers: Structural Analysis of Leutschenbach School. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bartonengineers.co.uk/press-18%20AT%20Structural%20Analysis%20Leutschenbach.html. [Accessed 01 April 2016].

atelier qed

msa

QED

CREATING THE FUTURE

The research booklet is a very useful and progressive resource in developing our projects. The diagram on this page explains the processes through which we will be integrating it into our design strategies.

STRATEGY

This booklet contains information that can act as a resource for all paths that contribute to the realisation of projects within studio 4.3/

Abstract: This research booklet is an collective information source of innovative and progressive strategies that are resourceful in our approach to a number of projects we are developing in Studio 4.3. The booklet is split into 4 sections: topos, tectonics typos (three interplaying factors that form the basis of the built coming into existence) and interviews/live studies, each section providing useful information towards developing each project with a condensed and informed collective pool to acquire key strategies and techniques.

Airport City Masterplan

TOPOS

TECTONICS

TYPOS

INTERVIEWS

CONTEXT

ABILITY OF SHIFTING TO ACCOMMODATE

HYBRID PROGRAMMING

LEE TREANOR (BRUNTWOODS)

CURRENT LAND USES

FURTHER USE

DIFFERENT TYPES OF OFFICE WORK

ATUL (SHEILA BIRD)

GREEN SPACE PROJECTS USE

SECURITY/ ACCESS CONTROL

HEALTH

PHIL DOYLE (5PLUS ARCHITECTS)

CAR PARKING PROJECTED USE

STRUCTURE

HAPPINESS

THE HIVE (5 PLUS ARCHITECTS)

WYTHENSHAWE GARDEN CITY

MATERIAL EFFICIENCY

SECURITY

CLIMATIC DATA

WASTE EMBODIED

FOOD CULTURE

TRANSPORT

WASTE OPERATIONAL

OCCUPANTS DEMANDS

CYCLE ROUTES

PERFORMANCE GAP

ENGAGEMENT TO PLACE (PLACEMAKING)

HS2 SHUTTLE

LIGHT/AIR QUALITY

MODIFICATION OVER TIME

METROLINK CONNECTIONS

INTERNET OF THINGS

HIERARCHY (OFFICE CULTURE)

NEW ROAD NETWORK

RESEARCH BOOKLET/ FRAMEWORK

Atelier scale

Conceptual office space

During a day or two day workshop the atelier will analyse and make improvements to optimise the current masterplan based on the research and knowledge acquired through development of the research booklet. The outcome will be a QED interpreseted masterplan that considers innovative theories and examples of compelling deisgn.

Working in groups of around 4, students will be creating an entry for RSA student awards ‘Creative conditions’ compeition by combining their own research and intuition concerning creativing creative environments with information from the research booklet to form a well developed and informed proposal.

Small group scale

QED masterplan

Atelier scale

Creative conditions Small group scale

BIOPHILIA

JOURNEY TIME / MODES OF TRANSPORT AIRPORT BUSINESS TOURISM PASSENGER FLOW NOISE

NEW PLANE ROUTES

Office design in the Context of Airport City Masterplan

AIRPORT CITY MASTERPLAN

Individual

FUTURE EXPANSION

As individuals each student will be well educated in what constitues to a creative space and be aware of the potentials of the Airport City masterplan. The outcome will be an office based design that showcases some of the most forward thinking strategies in architectural design.

Individual office design in context of masterplan using concepts from creative conditions Individual

TIMELINE

CREATIVE ENVIRONMENTS Re evaluation of research strategy and atelier plan of collective framework.

Re evaluation of research strategy and atelier plan of collective framework.

Student led meeting 25.01.16 Discussions concerning office spaces and creative environment strategies

Student led meeting 18.02.16

Meeting with Lee Treanor and Atul 22.01.16

JAN

Visit to 5 Plus architects (The Hive) and discussion concerning Airport City Masterplan

FEB

Studio meeting 19.02.16

Meeting with Phil Doyle 12.02.16

MARCH

MAY

APRIL

Student led meeting 16.02.16 Re evaluation of research strategy and atelier plan of collective framework.

Studio Meeting 22.01.16 Presentation of Research strategy and initial content

Studio meeting 09.02.16

RSA Creative Conditions deadline 10.03.16

Studio 4.3 submission 25.04..16

Preperation for meeting with 5 Plus architects

AN INTERVIEW WITH ... ATUL BANSAL / SHIELA BIRD

AN INTERVIEW WITH ... PREPARED QUESTIONS

LEE TREANOR / BRUNTWOOD

-What are the most important contemporary themes, trends or ideas applied to the interior design and use of office environments?

accommodate people from different cultures etc (we`re thinking about airport city here).

-Are there any key principles you follow when trying to appeal to new clients when renovating an office space?

sustainability a major one among these factors?

-How do you design to create a specific atmosphere to enhance (for example) people’s productivity, mood and health?

-How do you sell or embed the idea of sustainability?

-How well is an innovative form of office accepted in the market (say an office space that you can comfortably live in/flexible/ portable or even automated)?

-How do you deal with change over time within the environments you design or the organisations you design for?

The interview with Atul Bansal consisted mainly of a discussion around how he and his company works with space, particularly in working environments. By defining an office as a ‘crib’, Atul spoke about the lifestyle and cultural aspects of design where he looks to surprise his clients.

-You’ve worked with many different clients – how do you categorise them? which clients do you prefer working with and why?

PREPARED QUESTIONS

-Can you give us a list of what you regard as the most valuable references (projects, publications etc) to the interior design of office environments available at the present time. -Identify the `next big thing(s)` in approaches to the design or use of information work environments (offices).

-In the current market, what characteristics define the best or most effective interior design for offices and the organisations that use them? -Which aspects of the design do you tend to focus on when working with clients? How do you create priorities? -How do you approach different user behaviour or cultural attitudes to space given that contemporary offices might

Lee Treanor discussed offices from a practical and economic point of view, where their aim is to provide an optimum style, finish , and price for prospective clients. He also discussed the financial impacts of locating businesses “up North”, and in turn to Airport City.

-How do plan for change over time with different occupants? How do you plan and manage maintenance and upgrading of services, skin, interior etc ? Is there a typical period of `down time` in the life of an office space or building that you factor in to your business plan for particular projects? -What are the biggest markets currently in the city and what do you do differently to target them? What do you think will happen at `airport city` in respect of tenants etc? -What sort of things do you consider when thinking about the sense of place or amenity surrounding your building and the impact this might have in marketing to clients? Are there other `peripherals` that influence attractiveness to clients?

-What makes an office design scheme competitive in the market? -What are the challenges in the office design market in Manchester? How do rental rates relate between different areas of the city (including airport city) and other places (say London, Leeds and Birmingham )? -What would represent the `ideal` office building from your perspective (maintenance, management, marketability, income etc)? -What should we look at (references etc) that might help us understand the issues of managing and marketing office `products` to the contemporary market.

-What are the most popular or important features of an office space from a client’s point of view? -What are the next `big thing(s)` in this market from your perspective. -What are the main factors that affect a client’s decision on choosing to invest in one office space rather than another? Is

MAIN DRIVERS

LIFESTYLE

GROWTH WITHOUT + SPACE

A main driver was forming a relationship between a persons work and their lifestyle.

Rather than encourage a move to a larger space this idea involves analysis of the current working culture and a remodel to fit within the existing space.

CULTURES

Cultures in the sense of working practices is addressed to provide a comfortable and productive environment for all users.

ENGAGEMENT

BUILDING WIDE EVENTS

MONITORNING

CUSTOMIZATION

‘NORTHSHORING’

User engagement is encouraged with the spaces created which provides a sense of ownership and creativity into the workplace.

To create place making within a number of buildings it is important to design for the possibility of building wide events.

When designing a building there is an opportunity to improve it through monitoring the usage to recognise and eliminate unneccessary use of energy.

An occupier will want to have the potential to customise the space themselves and so it is useful to allow for flexibility by not over developing a design.

Corporations practice ‘Northshoring’ where location does not matter and therefore branches can be moved to ‘cheaper’ cities in the North.

AN INTERVIEW WITH ...

PHIL DOYLE / 5 PLUS ARCHITECTS

PREPARED QUESTIONS

THE HIVE

-Assuming the buildings will operate 24/7, what strategy measures and technology do you think will be used to keep the buildings operational? (Security, accessible)

The visit to The Hive has informed this Case Study on a successful office environment, particularly working with creative industries. The architects looked to provide a building which worked from an inteligent system in order to become as efficient as possible.

-What are the ambitions of your office buildings in relation to regulations/best practice (BREEAM etc.) What would it take to exceed these targets? -How do you see the use of the office changing over time? Do you think that the office building will more redundant due to technology? - How does your office design enable growth of businesses and the dynamic nature of companies in terms of employee

numbers and amenities? -The airport is an area in which noise pollution is a concern is there an acoustic strategy being applied for the office buildings around the airport? -During the time you’ve spent as a BCO Regional Awards Judge, what would you say has been the most innovative and relatively unusual aspect of office design that you’ve come across to date? -What is your approach to the building envelope and air,lighting and acoustic regulation system? If a mechanical solution is proposed what happens if it fails?

PHIL DOYLE / 5 PLUS ARCHITECTS

PREPARED QUESTIONS

AIRPORT CITY MASTERPLAN

- Who are you expecting to go to Airport City and what do you predict will be the turnover rate? -Is the Masterplan tailored in any way to certain users and if so what is it that justifies the value of investing to them?

Phil Doyle spoke about 5 plus’ attitude towards the Airport City Matserplan as trying to place make and provide a positive environment, rather than a business park. He spoke mainly about the plan as a whole, rather than the singular buildings.

-If you were not bound by client requirements is there a different approach you would take to developing the Masterplan?

-Can the masterplan be radically optimised to become a hyperspace? (Make better use of the available resources amenities in the surrounding area) -The Masterplan is for 2030, presumably new technologies will emerge in this time, allowing us to be more sustainable, have you allowed for future innovation in your masterplan? if so how?

-What are the parameters that drive your version of the Airport City masterplan? -What is the hierarchy of design decisions that made up the development of the masterplan? -What are is the system and strategy that establishes and develops the connection with the transport infrastructure within and around Airport City?

-A development in the city would have opportunity to grow and develop over time. The site of Airport City is landlocked, how do you see the growth of this site being realised? -Do you have a plan if Airport City is not successful and no one establishes themselves there? -What would you define as the ‘Northern Powerhouse’ and how do you see the Airport City relating to this?

Post Occupancy Evaluation is key in the lifecycle of the Hive.

-What role have 5Plus got in the branding and social profile of the masterplan? -How does the masterplan change/improve the surrounding context from a environmental, economic and and equitable perspective?

MAIN DRIVERS

-There are areas of water included in the masterplan. Has this been considered as a problem in regards to attracting birds in an area so close to the airport?

MAIN DRIVERS

SYSTEMS

FORM FOLLOWS EFFICIENCY

EVALUATION

PERSONALISATION

PLACEMAKING

INTERCHANGE AS A GATEWAY

WYTHENSHAWE

COMMERCIAL IDENTITY

By designing intelligent systems, evaluating can be undertaken to ensure the most efficient use of the building

Planning the most efficient orientation of space depending on environmental conditions and users drives the form of the building.

Continuously evaluating the performance of the building and its users allows the design to positively adapt and change over time.

Users can personalise their own space within the building which allows the creation of identity for different companies.

Airport City had to be designed to promote a healthy way of working and to be an attractive prospect to future tenants.

A gateway to the new urban realm was imagined to give a first impression on arrival. Similar to that of Manchester Piccadilly.

Connecting Wythenshawe to the development was key as part of placemaking to integrate local population of which a majority work at the airport.

Providing the design with a sese of commercial identity similar to that of Spinningfields was key in attracting investment and potential tenants.

PRESENT DAY LAND USE

MANCHESTER AIRPORT The overall land requirements for ancillary commercial activities are not significant and can generally be accommodated in redevelopment proposals. The space requirements for essential operational uses such as apron, terminals and taxiways will always take precedence and in such cases ancillary uses will either be directed to the periphery of the Operational Area or off-site.

ETR

2L IN

OLI NK

CAR PARKING

PRO POS E

There is continuing high demand for facilities to accommodate spectators. The airport is a significant visitor attraction and viewing facilities are provided at the Runway Visitor Park which attracts over a third of a million visitors a year. These dedicated facilities ease pressure on the central terminal complex and the local road network. The centrepiece of the Park is the Concorde exhibit in its own purpose-built hangar which carries a licence to be used as a wedding venue and is popular for a wide range of events.

CAR PARKING AIRPORT CITY NORTH

CAR PARKING

AIRPORT CITY APRON

PRESENT & FUTURE LAND USE ANALYSIS

TERMINAL CAMPUS

CAR PARKING

CAR PARKING RE

CARGO &

MANCHESTER AIRPORT

MAINTENANCE

AIRPORT CITY SOUTH

RUNWAY VISITOR PARK

References

GREEN SPACE FUTURE LAND USES MANCHESTER AIRPORT

AIRPORT CITY NORTH

142,000m2 GREEN SPACE

Jet Blue Food Growing at JFK

References

AVG. 900 LETTUCE / m2

Singapore Changi Airport

127,800,000 LETTUCES

894,600,000 LETTUCES / YR

Singapore Changi Airport

References

CAR PARKING FUTURE LAND USES MANCHESTER AIRPORT

Car Parking at Manchester Airport

Excess heat from the cars that are parked can be utilised when they are initially parked.

AIRPORT CITY NORTH

References

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51,000m2 CAR PARKING

AVG. 4500 CARS

2HR OF HEAT

AVG HEAT XXX DEGREES

51,000m2 CAR PARKING

800MM RAINFALL / YR

AVG. 69 LITRES / m2

33,048,000,000 LITRES / YR

References

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WYTHENSHAWE FUTURE LAND USES MANCHESTER AIRPORT

Wythenshawe, Manchester, UK, was built to emulate the style of Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City concept. It was developed between the 1930’s and 1960 and the centre was the last area to be built which did not get the archetypal decorous central green space intended to attract and entertain shoppers. This design was a scenario analysis for Wythenshawe Regeneration Trust who wish to see Wythenshawe valued as ‘Manchester’s Garden City’.

Debbie Ellen, the lead researcher on the project and food expert explains: By the year 2050 it is estimated that nearly 80% of the world’s population will live in urban centres. Our current food system is very vulnerable to weather events as well as being unsustainable in terms of how food reaches us...Vertical farms, which use existing buildings offer the potential to become productive food hubs which will increase community’s resilience by growing food locally. Encouraging local people to engage with the project is very important, because by learning about food growing, people become much more aware of its value, the difference in taste of food that has only travelled a small distance and the possibilities that exist for them to grow food for their families.”

This design created a multifunctional masterplan for a public ‘café garden’, community cooperative herb hill and fruit orchard car parks, greenroofs supporting both biodiversity and commercial food production, plus a transport interchange that is a municipal greenhouse, using it’s own grey water and lighting itself through a EVC roofing. All woven together by a storm water-cleaning system underfoot, a community event space and self-sustaining planting. The accommodating spaces are climate adaptable, socially flexible, with realistic financial and management plans. Bringing the ‘park’ to the people by weaving it through the places already in heavy use increases the proven health and social benefits of green

The Real Food Wythenshawe programme is focused on delivering: A network of community growing and cooking initiatives, engaging with those most in need of access to healthy food and exercise, and develop new initiatives where there is an unmet need. Increasing the scale, variety and connectivity of local food production – maximising the use of local green spaces at all scales and moving towards continuous urban food production.

His second innovation was neighbourhood units set around green spaces and tree-lined roads with, in this instance, Wythenshawe Hall and Park preserved at their centre. This principle has been better honoured – some 30 areas of park and woodland remain.

A programme that helps more people in Wythenshawe to enjoy reasonably priced, sustainably produced and locally grown food through development of food businesses, social enterprises and markets which meet community needs.

Incredible Edible - Todmorden

Green City Context

An increased understanding across the community of the benefits of a more sustainable diet, both to the climate and to individuals’ health.

1,000,000 m2 GREEN SPACE

References

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52 % REDUNDANCY

900 LETTUCE / m2

3,150,000,000 LETTUCE / YR

Projects that look to generate employment and training initiatives, with real jobs, apprenticeships and internships.

References http://www.theguardian.com/uk/the-northerner/2011/jul/26/vertical-farm-manchester-withenshawe-urbed-dickson-despommier-columbia-university

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TRANSPORT TYPOLOGIES

MANCHESTER AIRPORT Whilst the airport would prefer the majority of passengers to arrive via public transport, however that is not currently the case. There are high numbers of private car use as well as many people being dropped off, the least preferred option as it causes the highest amount of congestion.

Most Desirable

Description of Key Issue Manchester is the works major uk airport for car use, with 86% of people arriving via car or taxi, creating congestion and pollution on the roads leading to the airport. This is a strong contrast to london airports where many passengers use public transport.

Public Transport

13%

On-Site Parking

36%

Taxis

26%

Pick Up / Drop Off

31% Least Desirable

MANCHESTER

TRANSPORT ANALYSIS

HEATHROW

MANCHESTER AIRPORT

STANSTED GATWICK Private/Hire Car

Bus/Coach

Taxi

Tube/Tram

Rail

Other

References

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015

HS2 FUTURE SHUTTLE STRATEGY MANCHESTER AIRPORT

References

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References

021

FUTURE ROAD NETWORKS

MANCHESTER AIRPORT Annual passenger throughput was 22.32 million passengers in March 2015, a rise of 7.4% over the previous year.

It is, by some considerable distance, the pre-eminent airport in the north of the country and attracts passengers from a considerable catchment area. The population contained within the 1 hour drivetime catchment is approximately 8.9 million, whilst within the 2 hour drive-time this increases to almost 22 million. The strength and scale of Manchesterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s existing offer, both in terms of network and frequency, make the airport more comparable with other European major cities ather than other UK regional airports.

Over 76 airlines serve over 200 destinations worldwide with a wide mix of full service, charter and lowcost airlines. Manchester is also an important cargo airport handling just under 100,000 tonnes of freight in 2014.

â&#x2030;

1/3 of UK population within 2 hour (by road) distance of the airport.

EXISTING HIGHWAYS

DRIVING DISTANCE

PROPOSED HIGHWAYS

References

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References

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ENVIRONMENT CLIMATIC ANALYSIS Climate has ever been a problem in the design of buildings, and its control a major factor governing architecture. The shape of buildings has been greatly influenced by the requirements of climate, because climate imposes limitations. Though climatology may appear to be a new science, the architect has been a climatologist far longer than he may realize, because the architect throughout the ages has been exercising control over climate through orientation, site and town-planning devices, such as brisesoleil, tree-planting, wind-breaks, etc. Before we go into the physics of the influence of sun, temperature, wind precipitation and humidity, it would be appropriate at the outset to clarify what is meant by “climate” and “architectural expression”. CLIMATE

ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS MANCHESTER AIRPORT

The dictionary meaning of the word is, “the temperature and the meteorological conditions of a locality”. ‘Climate’ could be substituted with ‘macro-climate’, and ‘micro-climate’. Macro-climate denotes the general meteorological conditions of a region or country and accounts for the major phenomena of the region. ‘Micro-climate’ denotes the meteorological conditions local only to a particular place, like the radiation, air currents at ground level, temperature, humidity and precipitation peculiar only to a limited area. It is the latter which architects have to encounter and intimately know, so that they do not compete against it, but go along with it and derive the best results from its beneficial qualities, and guard against the ravages of its undesirable qualities. It can be said to be the part of nature, that immediately surrounds a building and enters it, not just superficially but deep into its character.

SUNLIGHT/SUN HOURS Designing for Environmentally Positive Buildings Solar gain is important to consider when designing an environmentally positive building. It can be harnessed for energy, effect the natural lighting of a space and effect material selection of a proposal. Manchester gains an average of 1372.6 hours of sunlight annually.

ANNUAL SOLAR PATH _ ELEVATION

LAT: 53.3743172 LON: -2.1141815 AZIM.: 154.89 ELEV.: 29.57 21 June Solstice

ELEVATION

OPTIMISING NATURAL SUNLIGHT

ANNUAL SOLAR PATH _ MANCHESTER AIRPORT

Strategic Solutions Sunlight can be an incredibly useful resource when it comes to lighting, heating and energy harvesting in buildings. It is important to consider not only the passive benefits of strategic sunlight optimisation but also the innovative and smart technologies that are available.

21 May-July

21 April-Aug

The sun’s intensity is often called “insolation” (short for “INcident SOLar radiATION”) and is important for passive design strategies and energy generation. Incident solar radiation is dependant on two main elements: direct radiation from the sun and diffuse radiation scattered by cloud coverage or reflected off the ground infront of the surface.

21 March-Sept

1_Building Orientation In order to receive maximum daylight and heat gains into the internal spaces, the building orientation should be utilised to make use of the residing light conditions on the site. In the Northern hemisphere, south facing facades will optimise this, however the Northern facade should also be utilised to make the most of indirect diffuse lighting. The building footprint should be enlarged to increase daylighting internally. In terms of energy harvesting, a longer, thinner structure with considerations for atrium spaces will maximise the potential for this.

21 Feb-Oct

Direct solar gain is dependent on cloud conditions in the atmosphere as they diffuse light and generally effect the distribution of light in a space. As can be seen from the ‘cloudy days’ graph, the Manchester Airport area doesn’t receive an awful lot of direct sunlight as its often overcast. This creates certain perameters when thinking about use of passive design, PV panels and other solar harnessing technologies. [1]

21 December Solstice

2_Size Form and Glazing Treatments Analysis of the climate manifests itself into regard for the four forms of daylight for each façade - including the roof: 1. Direct sun, 2. Indirect sun due to reflection from other buildings, 3. Direct cloudy sky and 4. Indirect cloudy sky, which is reflected on the ground. In the northern hemisphere, the south windows should not be oversized and they need protection against direct sunlight to avoid glare and heat. In contrast, the cool north façades mainly receive diffuse light and require window treatments with low heat losses.

AZIMUTH

SUNSHINE (HOURS)

Sun Path and Solar Position The sun’s movement through the day and through the year is one of the most crucial environmental factors to understand when designing high performance and passive buildings.

PERCENTAGE OF CLOUDY DAYS

It is important to understand the relative positioning of the sun throughout the year and day. At any given point on the sun’s path, its height in the sky is called its altitude and its horizontal angle relative to true north called its azimuth. These values are essential in providing calculations for passive solar design.

3_Shading for Visual Comfort and Cooling The intense rays of sunlight are critical for visual and thermal comfort. Therefore block the direct sunlight for workplaces and provide screens for glaring sources like neighbouring glass facades, which reflect the sunlight. In summer daylight could easily lead to overheating in buildings with large glass façades. This results in higher energy consumption for cooling. For that reason shading is essential to control thermal comfort.

With careful consideration of the sun’s path, one can take advantage of strategies such as natural daylighting, passive heating, PV energy generation and natural ventilation. These need to be considered in order to reduce glare or overheating.

20% Altitude is the vertical angle the sun makes with the ground plane (0° < alt < 90°). Azimuth is the horizontal angle between the sun and true north (–180° < azi < 180°, positive in a clockwise direction from north) References

AVERAGE

80%

CLOUDY DAYS

4_Bright Surfaces for Light Interior Spaces Designing interior surfaces with high reflectance increases the daylight level in the depth of the space. Using matte light colours improves the visual comfort. Keeping walls lightly coloured increases the brightness, especially on back walls.

CLEAR DAYS

5 References ‘Light Matters: 7 Ways Daylight Can Make Design More Sustainable’, 2014. . ArchDaily. URL [http://www.archdaily.com/471249/lightmatters-7-ways-daylight-can-make-designmore-sustainable/]

6 5_Locate Task Areas Near Windows Keeping service rooms in the core of the building and offering workplaces access to daylight means that sunlight is utilised to full potential. Functions that would benefit the most from daylight in relation to the time of occupation should be detected and considered. Natural light can be provided to corridors through the use of translucent partition walls.

7 6_Daylight Reflector Systems Direct sunlight can be easily reflected onto the ceiling for indirect lighting. Use light surface colours for the reflecting surface and the ceiling. Increase the reflectance in front of the window to make it more effective. Locating the reflector system above eye-level, better avoids glare.

7_Energy Harvesting Through Solar Radiation Beyond improving the light situation within the building, you could also use the power of the sun for solar water heating and install photovoltaic systems for electric devices. The sun is a cost-free medium to cut down your carbon footprint.

TEMPERATURE CASE STUDY : PASSIVE

CASE STUDY : SMART Aldar Central Market Location : Abu Dabi Architect : Fosters + Partners Technology : Hoberman

Smart Solutions As well as hollistic passive solutions to cope with direct and indirect solar rays, alternative strategies can manifest in smart, biomimmetic solutions that require little to no energy to function.

Through the use of smart technologies, this Abu Dabi market stays cool throughout the day. Solar tracking shades that fan out, protect space below from direct sunlight. These are programmable, automatic shades that can be engineered to cope with a broad range of climatic conditions.

‘Bloom’, Breathable Skin by USC Architecture This project, an installation by professor Doris Kim Sung, is a sun-tracking instrument, indexing time and temperature. It mimics the human body to keep whatever its protecting cool by creating an environmental response using thermobimetal - a material that’s composed of two different metals with their own thermal expansion coefficient. Each side has a separate reaction to sunlight, causing it to contract and curl at different rates. The tension between the two surfaces causes the skin to curl up, allowing more air to pass in the space below, once its cooled, the skin closes up again.

The self contained shading system controls its own permeability, adjusting smoothly between completely covered roofing and mostly open. The shades also protect against dust and debris. The panels move parallel to the building’s surface which allows layers to be hidden when retracted. The unit is completely integrated into the building which offers an unprecedented level of control for the users. Adaptivity Benefits Ventilation and airflow control Dust and debris protection Reduced solar gain and glare Shading control

By applying this kind of technology to buildings, we would be able to passively regulate their internal temperatures without the need for bulky, energy inefficient mechanical systems.

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References

[1] dO|Su STUDIO ARCHITECTURE [Website], 2011. URL http://dosu-arch.com/bloom.html# (accessed 2.2.16).

[1] Adaptive Building Initiative [Website] URL: [http://www.adaptivebuildings.com/permea-surface.html]

[2] Doris Kim Sung: Metal that breathes | TED Talk, 2012. . TED Talk.

[2] Hoberman Associates Inc. | Projects | Aldar Central Market [Website], 2011. URL [http://www.hoberman.com/portfolio/aldarcentralmarket.php?projectname=Aldar+Central+Market]

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NOISE MANCHESTER AIRPORT POSITIVE COMMUNICATION

Manchester Airport complies with current EU and national legislation regarding noise impact of aviation. It takles a balanced approach by follwing four key systems to ensure that aircraft and operational noise pollution is kept to a minimum.

FLEXIBILITY high

low

NOISE REDUCTION AT SOURCE

LAND USE AND PLANNING MANAGEMENT

NOISE ABATEMENT OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES

OPERATING RESTRICTIONS

SOUND INSULATION AND NOISE CANCELLATION TECHNOLOGIES

SEND

SPACE

RECIEVE

SOUND MASKING

NEGATIVE COMMUINICATION NOISE

SEND

SPACE

low

ARCHITECTURAL MITIGATION

BALANCED APPROACH

PRODUCTIVITY

Where the Airport has a system in place to reduce noise pollution, proposals for work environments in the near proximity should create a noise strategy to create a good working environment.

high

The way in which noise affects the working environment can vary from a small nuiscance to causing long term health issues to users subject to it. It is important to promote flexible working programmes in order to ensure users are able to find the most comfortable working environment even with a high ambient noise level.

RECIEVE

Todayâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s typical office building Creative Conditions

NOISE

Positive Communication In an office environment communication is the largest contributor to productivity and ensures a positive working ecology. When communication becomes a problem in offices due to excess noise this can have negative effects on the productivity and health of the users.

DESIGN FOR TASK

The above diagram illustrates the relationship between flexibility and productivity in current information work buildings, and the buildings required to promote a creative condition.

EMPLOYEE CUSTOMIZATION

Design for Change, the Architecture of DEGW.

HEALTH & WELLBEING IN THE WORKPLACE

MEDIBANK HASSELLARCHITECTS Health (n) ; 1.The state of being free from illness or injury. 2.A person’s mental or physical condition.

Well-Being (n); The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy.

Healthy Eating.

Stretching.

Drinking water.

Regular breaks.

Eating better foods in the workplace encourages better health and well-being.

Walking around the workplace and stretching regularly helps to prevent repetitive strain injury and regulates circulation.

2 litres a day . This is particularly important in air conditioned spaces as it is very dehydrating and causes dry skin and eyes.

Regular screen breaks will take strain off the eyes and helps refocus and gives you more energy

The NHS encourage employees to take regular breaks, drink lots of water and avoid sitting for long period of time at work. “If someone goes to the gym or walks for 30 to 45 minutes a day, but sits down the rest of the time, then they are still described as having a ‘sedentary lifestyle’. “All-day movement is now seen as being just as important for the maintenance of good health as traditional exercise.” -David Dunstan of the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.

HEALTH & WELLBEING IN THE WORKPLACE THE FUTURE OFFICE DESIGN

References: http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ english/well-being http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/ sitting-and-sedentary-behaviour-are-bad-foryour-health.aspx http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/workplacehealth/ Pages/workplacehome.aspx

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HEALTH & WELLBEING IN THE WORKPLACE

MEDIBANK HASSELLARCHITECTS Hassell Architects design for Medibank was designed with the health of its employees n mind. The office building features inviting walkways, cycling ramps and sports facilities. The concept behind the building was the switch from activity based working to health based working, an approach that places mental and physical health at its priority.

APPLICATION

Working styles The building allows for a more flexible working culture. Emplyees are free to work wherever they choose, with 26 varieties of setting in which to work, from indoor to outdoor, collaborative to solitary. The ides is for employees to move to the zone in which they feel most comfortable, using a variety of different spaces helps keep the user focused.

Circulation Circularion should be implemented to encourage movement throughout the space, creating an attractive mode of circulation and by connecting directly to specific nodes of interest can be an avenue to explore when thinking of circulation.

We can translate the idea of a healthy building through implementing a variety of strategies such as introducing health and fitness facitities and creating a variety of spaces throughout the space to encourage a better sense of wellbeing in a space.

Rather than simply having a core, the idea of movement can be better articulted by connecting main areas of interest, encouraging people to walk as it will be both more efficient and more aesthetically pleasing.

Circulation The circulation strategy is at the core of the building, creating an attractive and inviting area and encouraging users to move through the space. Cycle paths through the building have also been used to encourage employees to cycle to work by employing attractive and practical architectural devices.

freedom of movement Encouraging employees to move location whilst working is a device that can be implemented through creating a variety of different work zones that emplyees can move to if they are most comfortable, this can encourage workers to sit outside, or in a more collaborative and social environment, all of which can improve welbeing and movement.

Hollistic approach The building also offers an edible garden to encourage users to eat fresh produce. Devices to improve air quality and introduce natural light were also a high priority. If employees want to exercise during the day they can visit the multi purpose indoor or outdoor sports facilities on the ground floor. In post occupancy evaluation, 66% of employees said that they were more productive, 70% said that they were healthier and Medibank stated a 5% reduction in absenteeism.

Sports/recreation areas Circulation/Stairs

References http://www.dezeen.com/2016/01/21/video-interview-hassell-office-building-medibank-health-get-people-moving-rob-backhouse-movie/ http://www.archdaily.com/769154/mediabank-hassell http://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-projects/ detail/medibank-place-720-bourke-street/w

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SECURITY

Building and Campus

Customers from all around the world such as Airbus Group, Saudi Aramco, Dow Chemical, DONG Energy, Bharti Airtel, BMW Brilliance Automotive China, Chicago O’Hare, Tata, Huawei, DuPont, IKEA, Vodafone as well as

PHYSICAL Definition: Security, The state of being free from danger or threat. Definition: Control, The power to influence or direct people’s behaviour or the course of events. Security is one of the most important enablers for the way we live and do business in a globalised world. Perfecting protection through advanced security management and services means safeguarding the basis of sustained competitiveness and business continuity

of the largest global players listed on the German stock market* – including Bayer, Deutsche Bank, SAP and ThyssenKrupp– rely on security solutions and services from Siemens.

For a single building or a campus requiring traditional security solutions with an option for tight integration into existing building automation systems.

Corporate Security Integrated security solutions for companies with multiple locations local or global, with unified or distributed identity management.

Critical Infrastructure Optimally tailored solutions for individual industries such as manufacturing, power utilities, life sciences and airports.

SECURITY IN THE WORKPLACE PHYSICAL

WHILE EFFECTIVE RESPONSE CAN EVEN HAVE A POSITIVE IMPACT OF +5% ON SHAREHOLDER VALUE IN THE LONG TERM

References Brandel, M. (2016) Biometrics: What, Where and Why. CSO Online. [Online] [Accessed on 22 February 2016] http://www.csoonline.com/article/2124928/identity-access/biometrics--what--where-and-why.html. Buildings.com, (2016) Your Building’s Worst Security Problems. [Online] [Accessed on 22 February 2016] http://www.buildings.com/article-details/articleid/8363/title/your-building-s-worst-security-problems.aspx. Buildingtechnologies.siemens.com, (2016) Security - Building Technologies - Siemens. [Online] [Accessed on 22 February 2016] http://www. buildingtechnologies.siemens.com/bt/global/en/security-solution/pages/security-solution.aspx. Goodchild, J. (2016) Seven Deadly Sins of Building Security. CSO Online. [Online] [Accessed on 22 February 2016] http://www.csoonline.com/ article/2124303/physical-security/seven-deadly-sins-of-building-security.html.

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SECURITY

BIOMETRICS- CASE STUDY- ALLAM MARINE OFFICES

Head/ Face Typically used for main entrance doors or rooms that should have extra access or restricted to most persons in the building.

PROBLEMS Taken from Tim Giles Book ‘How to Develop and Implement a Security Master Plan’ Some of the potential problems of keeping a building secure could be:

Could be used for directors offices, stores, and places only certain people can access, or rooms that are not frequently used or needed to access, due to the time needed for the scanners to recognise the face.

Creating post orders without advanced analysis: He states that most companies do not correctly analyse the building and potential threats. He states that experience is a key driver in analysing and spotting these problems. All buildings are unique and require different levels of security, checks of the site and building should be carried out before posting a security personnel in the building.

You can use biometrics to tighten up security by: Eyes/ Iris Could be used for external and internal spaces or doors, main probable use would be for spaces that have more frequent access, maybe meeting rooms or store rooms.

Neglecting to secure entrances and exits: Any open door is a potential threat to the system. He suggested alarms at all doors that have been designated as emergency. Employees should also be asked to demand ID or badges from individuals entering a secure building. Understanding Technology: There is a problem with people understanding how to use the technologies in their buildings. Giles said another common scenario is a building with 40 or more cameras around the facility which use a multiplexer to toggle between cameras and record images. But the switching is done at random and is therefore of little use. How can you come up with a systems that allows ease of access and use? Overdosing Security: The level of security needs to fit the risks imposed on that particular business. One size does not fit all so it is important to assess the situation before applying potential technologies to your building. “If you overdo it to where it doesn’t make sense, within six months people will have figured out ways to get around security and it will be a waste of money. It has to match the risk and culture of the business. (Giles, 2008). Advancements in biometric technology have improved performance and reliability and lowered costs have made these options affordable beyond high-security applications. Read on to learn about emerging uses for biometrics

044

Biometrics offer building owners a scalable solution that reduces many of the inconveniences of traditional access control, such as undocumented access, ID swapping, credential replacement, and manual badge checks. Advancements in biometric technology have improved performance and reliability and lowered costs have made these options affordable beyond high-security applications. (Morton, 2012)

This specific system involved a circlelock as Allam Marine required standard access along with secondary opening actions from dedicated readers elsewhere in the building. The system was specifically designed in order to provide the ability to “latch” open the circle lock in the event of corporate open days. (N/A, 2016)

Placing aesthetics over security: He claims that seeing a security camera is 50% of the job done, if the potential offender would see the camera this would deter them from creating a potential threat.

How to apply to offices

This approach is quicker than the face scan but could still be more time consuming for areas that require more frequent use.

-Restricting sensitive healthcare areas, such as medical supply, surgery suites, maternity wards, pharmacies, and office areas -Approving IT professionals to access server rooms Preventing non-essential employees from accessing to storage rooms, docks, basements, mechanical rooms, and service corridors -Strengthening dorm safety by eliminating tailgating and piggybacking from swapped IDs Improving the usability of hotel key cards -Gaining better control over secondary entrances

This particular client had very high standards and he wanted a particular look for his door access system along with a specific set of access requirements. The ievo fingerprint readers were connected to a Paxton Net2 Pro system and configured for a number of different actions depending upon the specific finger offered.” Cobus Communications Group. (N/A, 2016)

Hand/ Fingers Fingerprint biometrics is a easy and accessible way to get to and from spaces and places. Sometimes can be a much quicker way than ID cards. This approach cuts out the need for each person to have keycards and loss of cards or fobs.

The member registers their print upon joining the business. This print now acts as the identification method, replacing the traditional identification card. When the member arrives at the offices they simply press their finger onto the reader and this opens the first door of the Circlelock. The Circlelock consists of two sliding doors, which will open one after the other, creating an interlocking security booth. The access-control system is a bi-directional security door allowing entry and exit in turn. (N/A, 2016)

This approach is being widely adopted in many office and education buildings and the costs are low in the long running life of a building.

References

Giles, T. (2009) How to develop and implement a security master plan. Boca Raton: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis.

Morton, J. (2016) Scanning the Benefits of Biometrics. Buildings.com. [Online] [Accessed on 21 February 2016] http://www.buildings.com/article-details/ articleid/14825/title/scanning-the-benefits-of-biometrics/viewall/true.aspx.

“If access control systems are to control where people, not credentials, can and cannot go, then only a biometric device truly provides this capability,” stresses Emily Flink, associate product marketing manager, readers, credentials, and biometrics for Ingersoll Rand Security Technologies. (Morton, 2016) Creating a creative condition These approaches to office access and security are a simple and minimal way of setting the scene, they allow people to feel extra safe knowing only they can enter and exit a certain room. This could allow a person to be more creative with the freedom of intimidating security guards or locks that could be lost or taken.

N/A, I. (2016) Allam Marine Door Entry Office Security. Ievoreader.com. [Online] [Accessed on 21 February 2016] http://www.ievoreader.com/case-studies/allam-marine-offices-.

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BIOPHILIA

Over the last decades, however, considerable research has been carried out looking at the effects of being in Nature, and of adding plants to otherwise sterile environments. When looking at workplace it is important to consider the well-being of the inhabitants directly in relation to their potential for creativity. Much of the evidence for biophilia can be linked to research in one or more of three overarching mind-body systems – cognitive, psychological and physiological – that have been explored and verified to varying degrees, in laboratory or field studies, to help explain how people’s health and well-being are impacted by their environment Biophilic design patterns have been developed through extensive interdisciplinary research and are supported by empirical evidence and the work of Christopher Alexander, Judith Heerwagen, Rachel and Stephen Kaplan, Stephen Kellert, Roger Ulrich, and many others. These 14 patterns have a wide range of applications for both interior and exterior environments, and are meant to be flexible and adaptive, allowing for project-appropriate implementation:

HUMANS AND NATURE Definition The term ‘biophilia’ was first coined by social psychologist Eric Fromm (5. The Heart of Man, 1964 ) and later popularized by biologist Edward Wilson (Biophilia, 1984). A somewhat controversial hypothesis put forward by Edward Wilson is the idea that humans evolved as creatures deeply enmeshed with the intricacies of nature, and that we still have this affinity with nature ingrained in our genotype. “Biophilia implies affection for plants and other living things. Cities and indoor environments are dominated by manmade objects; the question is whether the concomitant depletion of natural elements has a negative impact on the human mind.” (Grinde and Patil, 2009) In cities and urban areas trees are planted as an obvious way of improving the environment, there is a clear view that nature can improve the visuals of an environment but what is important may be intrinsically deeper.

BIOPHILIA HUMANS AND NATURE

Importance Biophilic design can reduce stress, improve cognitive function and creativity, improve our well-being and expedite healing; as the world population continues to urbanize, these qualities are ever more important. Given how quickly an experience of nature can elicit a restorative response, and the fact that U.S. businesses squander billions of dollars each year on lost productivity due to stress-related illnesses, design that reconnects us with nature – biophilic design – is essential for providing people opportunities to live and work in healthy places and spaces with less stress and greater overall health and well-being.

References Grinde, B., Patil, G.G., 2009. Biophilia: Does Visual Contact with Nature Impact on Health and Well-Being? Int J Environ Res Public Health 6, 2332–2343. http://www.terrapinbrightgreen.com/report/14-patterns/

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BIOPHILIA HUMANS AND NATURE Case Study - Herman Miller “GreenHouses” Location: Holland Michigan Architect: William McDonough Completed: 1995 The Herman Miller “GreenHouse” office and manufacturing facility has become a case study in how a sustaining approach can enhance the physical and mental health of its occupants—not to mention corporate productivity and profits. Herman Miller, Inc., a manufacturer of interior furnishings and accents, has coined the term Phylogenetic Design to refer to design that is based on an understanding of the evolved relationships between people and nature. The natural habitat becomes a model for creating a “habitable workplace.”

IMAGES / DIAGRAMS HERE THAT SHOW / EXPLAIN THE KEY ISSUE OR THEME/ PRCEDENT Worker Wellbeing Site strategy The building could pay for itself through increasA created wetland processes and purifies the CASE STUDIES/THEORIES es in worker productivity alone. Because this SIDE building’s stormwater. building was also designed with consideration for the feelings of the workers, increases in productivity were noteworthy: worker effectiveness rose from 98.54% to 99.53% and work quality rose from 98.97% to 99.23%. Considering the volume of manufacturing at Miller SQA, and considering that most companies have a spell of decreased productivity following a move of this magnitude, the increases demonstrate how well the new building fit the role for which it was designed.

The Miller SQA group chose a “natural” landscape that eliminates the need for herbicides, fertilizers, and regular mowing, and over the years will reduce operating costs as well as contamination to groundwater. The site is devoted to wetlands, wildflowers, and wildlife.

The interior and exterior landscapes of the GreenHouse are visually and physically integrated with the site. Maximum interior daylighting and fresh air in both office and manufacturing spaces optimize its occupants’ comfort, health and communication while yielding responsible, cost-effective operations. All spaces feed into The Street, an open corridor that runs the length of the building. This urban public space connects people across departmental lines and to nature with views to the outside. These connections have led researchers to strong evidence that enhanced habitability is associated with increases in psychological and social well being. The passive solar heating and natural ventilation, high-efficiency lights with electronic sensors, natural drainage, native plantings, constructed wetlands, and commitment to recycling have substantially increased both worker productivity and quality of work, and decreased natural gas consumption, water and sewer costs, and electric costs when compared to their previous facility. Executives tracking the savings associated with the advanced energy strategy of the building estimate annual savings in excess of $35,000. However, the building could pay for itself through increases in worker productivity alone. Because this building was also designed with consideration for the feelings of the workers, increases in productivity were noteworthy: worker effectiveness rose from 98.54% to 99.53% and work quality rose from 98.97% to 99.23%. Considering the volume of manufacturing at Miller SQA, and considering that most companies have a spell of decreased productivity following a move of this magnitude, the increases demonstrate how well the new building fit the role for which it was designed.

External relationship strategy When creating a green space near buildings it is important to consider the potential biophilic relationship that can take place and what layout with optimise this connection and have the greatest positive impact. However, creating external views to nature is pointless if there is no nature. A designer may accommodate external views through nearby windows for occupants to create a biophilic environment, but landscape architects play a vital role in creating those same views.

Green belt between buildings with only one facade having a relationship with the space.

Relevance to Projects

Through 45 degree rotation two facades of each building can have a relationship with the green space and increasing the positive effect of a biophilic connection.

Internal relationship strategy With larger floor plate sizes a visual link withe exterior may not be possible so interior spaces that are more open that can be looked onto may be a solution in the form of an atrium, square of street that is situated within the building to promote social interaction and iprove the wellbeing of inhabitants. So multiple, micro-restorative spaces or pocket parks could provide psychological restoration for an urban population. Such spaces could be integrated into larger green infrastructure strategies for cities.

Interior Environment The design provides for openness to the outside environment and openness for communications inside. There are few doors or walls and lots of amenities to promote interaction among employees. The interior “street,” which is ventilated with filtered fresh air, filled with interior greenery, and sited so that the exterior wildflower landscape is almost always visible through the tilted roof glass, gives the occupants a feeling of being outdoors.

references http://www.mcdonoughpartners.com/projects/greenhouse-factory-offices/

Phylogenetic Design Design that is based on an understanding of the evolved relationships between people and nature

Moss matts and plants can thrive in an internal environment requiring no maintanence and leave no trace in their wake, cleaning the air and establishing a biophlic relationship. References http://humanspaces.com/2015/10/19/the-role-of-landscape-architecture-in-creating-biophilic-environments/

Green walls can be set up with a simple drip irrigation system with the potential to be fuelled from collected rainwater.

Airport City Masterplan When considering the layout of buildings in the Master-plan is will be important to consider how green spaces will impact the building. To create the most ‘value’ for this green spaces it would be important to consider how visible they are from the surrounding buildings and how the relationship between these objects can be orchestrated in a harmonious manner. Landscape, whether urban or rural, is the medium through which we move, from space to space, building to building. The experience of the journey between these spaces and buildings is crucial to their success. Landscape architects are well versed in creating spaces that facilitate movement and have intuitively been implementing patterns of biophilic design in their work, such as prospect, refuge and mystery. These patterns are vital for drawing users into a space, through a space, to a destination, while also making them feel safe and in control. . By making our landscapes more ‘biophilic‘, they will be perceived as safer, comfortable and more enticing. Creative conditions The proposal for creative conditions is about creating a creative environment. With the clear link between worker happiness and well being and nature shown in the case study this environment could be a place that is separate but linked to the workplace that explores the value of the biophilic space and it’s potential to contribute to a more creative work environment. The emphasis on access to visible natural light is also a large factor in improving workers sense of well-being and should be considered a factor in any creative environment. The research behind this relationship is not simply just supporting having a actual plants in view but natural colours and textures within the space and even on screens can promote a happy working environment.

A biophilic relationship can even be developed through intuitive design of office furniture adding another element of value to those partitioning units.

Office Design In relation to individual office design the green spaces will form some dictating features of an office space due to research that supports the link. This could be in the form of an area that can house plants or the way the morphology of the building can help improve the relationship. By considering biophilic design it is important to think about the surrounding context of the building and the landscape design.

http://www.usgbc.org/Docs/Archive/External/Docs8543.pdf http://www.buildinggreen.com/hpb/learnmore.cfm?ProjectID=27

BIOPHILIA HUMANS AND NATURE

IMAGES / DIAGRAMS HERE THAT SHOW / EXPLAIN THE KEY ISSUE OR THEME/ PRCEDENT CASE STUDIES/THEORIES SIDE Decigenous trees filter sunlight through the summer months and during winter shed their leaves allowing higher levels of sunlight to heat the interior spaces.

Case Study - BOSCO VERTICALE Location Milan, Italy Arhitect: Stefano Boeri Architetti and Barreca & La Varra Completed: 2014

Application to projects

The twin residential buildings are planted with trees and other plants, which the designers say is equivalent to 10,000 sq m of forest. The vegetal system of the Vertical Forest aids in the construction of a microclimate, produces humidity, absorbs CO2 and dust particles and produces oxygen. The first example of the Vertical Forest composed of two residential towers of 110 and 76 m height, will be realized in the centre of Milan, on the edge of the Isola neighbourhood, and will host 900 trees (each measuring 3, 6 or 9 meters tall) and over 2000 plants from a wide range of shrubs and floral plants that are distributed in relation to the façade’s position to towards the sun.

The choice of species and their distribution according to the orientation and height of façades is the result of three years of studies carried out alongside a group of botanists and ethologists. The plants which are used on the building were pre-cultivated in a nursery in order for them to become accustomed to similar conditions to those which they will find on the balconies.

The Vertical Forest is an architectural concept which replaces traditional materials on urban surfaces using the changing polychromy of leaves for its walls. The biological architect relies on a screen of vegetation, needing to create a suitable microclimate and filter sunlight, and rejecting the narrow technological and mechanical approach to environmental sustainability. The Vertical Forest helps to build a microclimate and to filter fine particles contained in the urban environment. The diversity of plants helps to develop the microclimate which produces humidity, absorbs CO2 and particles, produces oxygen, and protects against radiation and noise pollution.

Noise pollution is a salient issue in close proximity to the airport. The vegetation can aid in reducing the decibel levels of unwanted noise from overhead aerial vehicles. See the report in the references for exact levels of noise pollution from noise mapping.

In areas where green spaces are not possible due to space or other constraints this proposal establishes links back to nature and enhances the aesthetics of the building.

Plants are distributed in relation to the façades orientation to the sun.

references http://www.designcurial.com/news/biophilic-design-and-architecture---10-ofthe-best-biophilic-buildings-4527750/7

Provides a visual link for workers within the offices to nature reducing stress levels and also reducing the CO2 levels that are linked to fatigue and unhappiness at work.

Creative conditions Concerning creativity an immediate source of vegetation on the external rather than internal provides the visual benefits of the biophilic relationship with nature not only for those inhabiting the space but those in the context as well. Not only is a visual link a benefit of this strategy but the trees or plants will provide elements of solar shading and also clean the air for humans by increasing the oxygen levels. This strategy has a number of positive reasons that it could boost creativity in a place that otherwise may not be able to host a green and natural space. Office design (Airport City) In the context of the Airport City Masterplan this could aid not only the office workers within the space but those around. The surrounding buildings may not have their own vegetated balconies but this strategy could have a positive influence on those in the surrounding offices and therefore improve their productivity giving economic value to the balconies which could be seen as a wasted space. Another issue with the airport is noise which is addressed on another page but this type of proposal offers reduced noise pollution which again adds value to this approach as another solution may be costly without offering all the other benefits. One issue may be the encouragement of bird life to sustain on the vegetation on the balconies and in the context of the airport this could pose an issue.

The towers will host more than 900 trees. These trees are there to mitgate smog and produce oxygen and also can help attenuate noise.

References http://mag-umbraco-media-live.s3.amazonaws.com/1021/man_noise_action_ plan_2013_2018.pdf

http://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/en/portfolios/bosco-verticale/

BIO-CLIMATIC INTEGRATING CLIMATE AND ENERGY WITH HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS Building designs that take into account climate and environmental conditions to help achieve optimal thermal comfort inside. It deals with design and architectural elements, avoiding complete dependence on mechanical systems, which are regarded as support. Many traditional architecture styles work according to bio-climatic principles. Also, designing with Nature means accounting for multi-seasonal considerations, for example, reducing heating needs with maximum sunlight from Southern oriented windows. If these techniques have worked for generations in these communities designed for their geographic region, then clearly modern design could benefit from careful integration of these traditional principles. It is entirely possible to design modern bioclimatic housing and architecture, using natural ventilation, passive solar design, sustainable materials, and many other traditional site specific techniques.

BIO CLIMATIC

ENVIRONMENTS

The environmental or bio-centric perspective that Nature is at the centre and humans depend on it for knowledge, inspiration, and survival is representative of a ‘deep ecologist’ view; although this perspective is flawed by its inherent dichotomy—humans and nature, and nature as something unchanging, needing to be preserved. The social ecologist or “shallow ecology” perspective is that people start from an assumption, often unexamined, that human beings are the central species in the Earth’s ecosystem, and that other beings and parts of systems are of less importance or value. In its extreme manifestations, shallow ecology views other beings and features of the Earth as resources for human use, and fails to see their intrinsic value or their value to each other.

References: Scott Campbell, “Green Cities, Growing Cities, Just Cities: Urban Planning and the Contradiction of Sustainable Development,” in APA Journal (Summer 1996): p 296-312 Stephen R. Kellert, The Biophilia Hypothesis. (Washington, DC: Island Press, 1993) Steven Vogel, “Introduction,” in Against Nature: The Concept of Nature in Critical Theory (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1996), p 1-12. Andrew Feenburg, “Subversive Rationalization: Technology, Power, and Democracy,” in Technology and the Politics of Knowledge, Andrew Feenburg and Alastair Hannay, Eds., (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1995).

EXPO 2000 DUTCH PAVILION - MVRDV Location: Hannover, Germany Year: 1997-2000 Client: Foundation Holland World Fairs, The Hague Netherland Program: 8.000m² exhibition pavilion The greenery protected from direct sunlight. The strong sunlight passes through the leaves and changes the internal ambient light.

Main Concepts “Holland creates Space”: the theme for the Netherlands Pavilion at the 2000 World Expo in Hanover was to showcase a country making the most out of limited space. Six stacked Dutch landscapes form an independent ecosystem communicating cultural sustainability: progressive thinking and contemporary culture are combined with traditional values. The architecture suggests Dutch open-mindedness, while confirming the positive stereotypes of tulips, windmills and dykes.

Water Island The greenery reduces external noise.

[Image 2]

The entire structure is nothing more than an abstraction: the manifestation of an idea that is still under construction; a daring laboratory experiment, still in the development stage. An idea that is showing both technology and nature, emphasizing nature’s make-ability and artificiality.

This building example has incorporated strategies which have reversed the traditional methods of organisation. The core typically being in the centre of the floor plate has been moved to the edge of the building to free up the central space. The facade of the building is adapted to offer shelter from the sun, additionally acting as interface between the inside and the outside, therefore providing indoor climate control.

Agricultural Area

[Image 1] References: [Image 1] - http://www.stylepinner.com/2000-pavilion-mvrdv/MjAwMC1wYXZpbGlvbi1tdnJkdg/ [Image 2] - http://www.mvrdv.nl/ [Image 3] - http://ungroundedarchitecture.blogspot.co.uk/2011/04/precedent-mvrdv-expo-2000-pavilion.html

Furthermore, natural ventilation through the façades and 2 top-lights allow this house to save a big energy in a harsh climates. It combines the qualities of natural greenery and uses it to the full advantage.

[Image 1]

Forest Area

Dune (made concrete)

Stacking Green goes on to re-define and re-increase the greenery as the character of a city, using its full variety of surrounding greenery. The green façade and roof top garden protect its inhabitants from the direct sunlight, street noise and pollution.

Outputs of adopting this strategy could allow for bio-climate work environments, which can also integrate the idea of flexible

from

What MVRDV have built in Hanover is not architecture, but a concentrated landscape in a six pack: a world standing on its head. The foundations are a dunescape; 13 massive oak trunks carry the weight of several floors; and, on the roof, wind turbines extend out of a lake and into the air.

The entire structure is nothing more than an abstraction: the manifestation of an idea that is still under construction; a daring laboratory experiment, still in the development stage, which has been dragged prematurely into the public eye.

[Image 3]

[Image 2]

This concept allows the building to be outward looking, and open to the surrounding environment. Balconies, in this case, are multi-purpose spaces used for informal meetings and spaces of recreation where people can take breaks.

References: [Image 1] - http://votrongnghia.com/projects/stacking-green/ [Image 2] - http://www.archdaily.com/777251/nl-star-a-reveals-plans-for-open-conceptgreen-office-building-in-france http://divisare.com/projects/212110-vo-trong-nghia-architects-stacking-green

http://www.bplusb.nl/?project=expo-2000-hannover-2 http://timber.ce.wsu.edu/Resources/papers/5-1-1.pdf http://www.frieze.com/issue/article/high_life/

APPLICATION IN OFFICE DESIGN Modern office designs are changing quickly – gone are the days where individual cubicles and rows of desks dominated the space. In 2015, minimalist multi-purpose collaboration spaces and a focus on integrated technology are the order of the day.

OFFICE EFFICIENT

Office space is trend to be an open space, which mean the system is encourage people to share space and communicate.

LOW COST ENERGY ECONOMICS COMPACT SPACE

When office space plus compact space, there is more creative design can be achieved, multi-programs can be organised in to help people create better working space and reduce the cost. At the same time, people share space, share information, share energy within the compact space. Office design trends Increasingly, businesses are looking to create simple, compact spaces, and minimalism is at the centre of the trend. Put multi-function within one space, it’s designed to help workers benefit from more relaxing and less distracting space, so they can maximise productivity with minimum space.

CREATIVE FUNCTIONAL MULTI-PROGRAMME SOCIAL

ORGANISE

LOW CARBON MINIMUM SPACE ENVIRONMENT

References http://www.eurofitdirect.co.uk/blog/8-office-design-trends-for-2015/ http://bauhausinteriors.com/blog/5-design-trends-for-the-modern-office/ http://www.houzz.co.uk/compact-office. https://uk.pinterest.com/themisshoneyc/compact-office-design-inspiration/

Efficient Use Of Space Making the most of every inch of available space . More compact workspaces, collaborative areas, and well planned out offices where teams can come and work together in a central area will help to maximise productivity and get more communication. Flexible, Multi-purpose Space As work patterns become more flexible, and advances in technology enable us to work on a number of different devices, flexible open plan offices with multi-purpose work areas are becoming more and more fashionable. which maximum the user’s requirement, and also save time for them. people can share space, share energy together.

DIFFERENT TYPES OF OFFICE USE

CASE STUDY: AIRBNB HQ (SAN FRANCISCO)

CASE STUDY: PARTICULAR ARCHITECTS STUDIO (MELBOURNE)

Airbnb’s office perfectly expresses the young company’s ethos of openness, collaboration and constant enterprise, all in the comfort of home. After four months embedded in Airbnb’s offices, the Gensler team designed an open-plan space, giving employees continual freedom to choose where and how to work. Each room is distinct, inspired by a different noteworthy Airbnb listing. With many of the furnishings also sourced creatively and internationally, this unusual workspace preserves an authentic feel. Airbnb’s mantra, “travel like a human,” was translated into a meandering path that connects the spaces, from library to the full-service kitchen and large dining area and the spectacular City views.

Fold-down desks and mobile workstations allow Australian firm Particular Architects to regularly reconfigure the layout of their studio space. The studio is split in half by a stained timber divider. One half comprises the formal work zone, with two banks of workstations facing in opposite directions. A communal work bench is sandwiched between the two and has an LCD screen embedded into its surface. This layout allows the team to work individually at computer screens, but also to engage in group projects and informal meetings by simply turning their chairs around.

ENVIRONMENT In an open floor plan, you typically have two types of spaces: desks and meeting rooms. Airbnb’s design focuses on creating a third shared space as well. Sofas scattered amongst the desks, the communal dining area, and project rooms with long standing tables all provide an opportunity for the employees to have casual conversations, spontaneous collaborations, or informal meetings. The core of Airbnb is the connection between people and spaces, creating spaces that encourage employees to move around and interact across disciplines.

The other part of the office is described as “the shape shifter”. Here, track-mounted plywood cases serve as storage and display units, but also feature concealed deck panels that can be folded down to create extra workspace or meeting areas during busy periods. CONFIGURATIONS OF SPACES The practice took its cues from micro apartments in Hong Kong where walls were movable and double as storage, allowing multiple configurations of a space. The idea was brought about by a combination of necessity and the intent of creating a flexible space which could take on different roles at different time.

ADAPTABILITY The ability to respond rapidly to change is one of the key success factors in modern corporate life. The workplace can act either as a significant catalyst or as a limitation to the ability to respond to change. Building design can impact on change processes in a variety of ways, such as the ability to subdivide the space within buildings; adding partitions to make various sorts of enclosure, re-planning & re-defining the uses of space. At Airbnb the rooms do not have an assigned function, they can be occupied by anyone at any time for any purpose. EFFECTIVENESS Architects should have the ability to change organisational culture. Airbnb concentrated on creating a building that fostered teamwork and creativity. Providing a sociable atmosphere, enhanced their staff productivity, increased motivation and resulted in retention of key staff. This is vital in the growing business industry, as many organisations such as Google and Apple are competing for the same staff.

The space is populated with a series of track mounted plywood bookcases which serve as storage, display units and also as dividers. When filled, they form an eclectic and vibrant backdrop to the activity they enclose. Custom desk panels have been design to nestle into rebates in the shelves, creating capacity for increased desk capacity during peak project load periods.

References

https://customspaces.com/office/ZewNn5vLy4/airbnb-office-san-francisco/p/3/

http://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/03/reconfigurable-melbourne-studio-particular-architects/