Interaksi Kampung

C O N N E C T I V IT Y

U R B A N

F R A M E W O R K

LIA S PAR IN GGA | A M AL IA DEVITA SA R I | YU SA K H A RTA N TO | A N D R E MA LA N NATAC H A S OF IA | J E Z A M IN E | MA R IA R OLD A N | A H MED K H A LIL | B R EN D A N

interaksikampung B E T W E E N

A N D

B E Y O N D

V I L L A G E S

project overview The ra p i d e xp a n sio n o f u rb a n iz ed areas pos e s a s i g n ifica n t a n d in tric at e planni ng c h a l l e n g e . C i ti es w orl d w i d e – par ticu la r l y t h o s e in d e ve l op i n g c o u n tr ies – are gro w i n g p a s t the i r b ou n d ari e s, rather than de n s i f y i n g w ith i n th e m.

I n o rd e r t o p l an fo r thi s i mmi ne n t expansion it is n e c e s s a r y to c o me u p w i th a fr am ewo r k f o r i t s d eve l op me n t.

T h e p u r p o s e of thi s stu d y i s to , based on t h e s t u d y o f Waru village, crea te a gener al pla n t h a t c a n b e e a si l y a p p l i e d to the area s u n d e r g o i n g si mi l a r si tua ti on s near Solo Cit y.

waruvillage A R E A

63.5 hectares

P O P U L A T I O N

5,936

The v i l l ag e of War u i s l ocate d t o t h e So u t h We s t of S ol o C i ty. It’s d ev el op m en t i s t h e re s u l t o f t h e g row th and ev entual m er g er o f t w o s ma l l v i l l a ges , N l ond o and Kar ang l o, d u ri n g t h e po s t D u t c h col oni z ati on ( 1600s ) .

H om e for al m os t 7000 i nhab i ta n t s , Wa ru K a mpu n g i s a rel ati v el y cal m area l oca t e d i n So l o ’s s o u t h er n p er i p her y, w i th a uni q ue i de n t i t y, e n c l o s i n g a g ood s ens e of b el ong i ng t o i t s i n h a bi t a n t s .

waruvillage AND ITS SURROUNDINGS

“It takes around 45 minutes to get from Solo to here.“ - Mother

“I was born here and I love living here and visiting other villages, but I have to go to Solo to get to the hospital or the market.”

- Mother and housewife

urbanexpansion

In t h e last d ecad es, W ar u ’s sp at ial exp an sio n is b ar ely r eco g n iz ab le; st ill en clo sed b y it s n at u r al can als wh ich act as t h e ar ea’s n at u r al b o r d er s.

WARU’S GROWTH

1600

1900

H ow ev er, the v i l l ag e has i ncreas i ng l y d ens i fi ed w i thi n the p l ots of l and ow ned b y the p eop l e, al ong w i th g row i ng fam i l i es and thei r need s .

1945

First house

During the colonial era, the blocks used to be paddy fields.

Roads were paved for access.

After independence, the plots of land were passed on to the workers and farmers, who built the first house there. Division of the plots of land.

2000

Houses of family Open spaces / plantations

Densification of plots with expansion of the owner’s family. Empty spaces still exist in the form of courtyards, farms and plantations.

2016

Businesses Construction works

Gathering of commercial activity along main roads - families started their home businesses and businesses which needed accessibility to the city were located along the main road.

housetypologies WITHIN BLOCKS T h e re a re d i ffe ren t h o u si ng typ ologies a n d d i ff e re n t l an d u se s i n the g r id- like pa t t e r n o f t h e K amp u n g . Houses are laid out in different ways about the plots of land, giving rise to corridors and courtyards.

WITHIN HOUSES Houses grow along with its family. h o u s e e x ten sio n s T h e s e sh o w exte n si on s that househ o l d s ha ve a d d e d on to the existing b u i l d i n g s to serve i n c reasing needs o f t he a h o u se h o l d .

HOUSE PORCH C O U R T YA R D YA R D

growinghouses GROWING FAMILIES AND NEEDS Houses grow along with its family and their needs. Commercial extensions like provision shops and cafes are prevalent along the main horizontal roads and road junctions. These spaces also become public spaces for the neighbouring community.

blocklayouts

General info (approximate):

General:

Total land area: 2911 m^2 Occupied : 1345 m^2 Unoccupied : 1566 m^2 % available land: 54%

info (approximate): W I T General HIN BLOCKS

land area: 5593 m^2 Occupied : 2181 m^2 Unoccupied : 3412 m^2 % available land: 61%

89 m

General:

Total land area: 2911 m^2 Occupied : 1345 m^2 Unoccupied : 1566 m^2 % available land: 54%

BLOCK 1 Land area

Occupied

Unoccupied

2911 m2

1345 m2

1566 m2

land area: 5593 m^2 Occupied : 2181 m^2 Unoccupied : 3412 m^2 % available land: 61%

Available land

54%

BLOCK 2 Land area

Occupied

Unoccupied

5593 m2

2181 m2

3412 m2

32 m

89 m

General info (approximate):

89 m

General:

Total land area: 2911 m^2 Occupied : 1345 m^2 Unoccupied : 1566 m^2 % available land: 54%

land area: 5593 m^2 75 m Occupied : 2181 m^2 Unoccupied : 3412 m^2 % available land: 61%

Available land

61%

53 m

55 m

92 m 89 m

# of houses: 15 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop

32 m

1 office 1 kindergarten with playground 1 shop

32 m

38 m

55 m of occupying the land: building close to the Ways existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

# of houses: 12

53 m # of houses: 24

89 m General info (approximate):

53 m

General: 75 m land area: 5593 m^2 Occupied : 2181 m^2 Unoccupied : 3412 m^2 % available land: 61%

55 m

Total land area: 2911 m^2 Occupied : 1345 m^2 Unoccupied : 1566 m^2 % available land: 54%

92 m

89 m 89 m

# of houses: 15 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

89 m 32 m

75 m

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the 55 mexisting houses and creatng couryards between houses.

55 m

# of houses: 12

53 m

38 m

# of houses: 24

53 m

# of houses: 15 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop

92 m

House

89 m

Public Facilities 75 m

Front Lawn Vacant space 92 m

92 m

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

# of houses: 15 New house 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop 10

20

30

40

# of houses: 28 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop

50 meters

38 m

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

# of houses: 12

# of houses: 24

House Public Facilities

38 m

Front Lawn Vacant space New house

# of houses: 12

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

No.of houses:

12

# of houses: 24

10

No.of houses:

# of houses: 28 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

20

30

40

50 meters

No.of houses:

24

No.of houses:

28

15

House

Public Facilities

Front Lawn

Vacant space # of houses: 28 1 office 1 kindergarden with playground 1 shop

Ways of occupying the land: building close to the existing houses and creatng couryards between houses.

New house

Vi l la g e w i t h in a v illa g e T h e p e o p l e b u i l d cl ose to th e e x is t i n g h o u s es. T h e re a re sti l l e m p t y s p a c es w h i ch a c t a s c o u r t y a rd s an d co rri d o rs b e t wee n t h e h o use s.

10

20

30

40

50 meters

“In a family, it’s very common for the father to work as a farmer and for the mother to work in the batik business.�

- Housewife

facesofwaru MIXED LAND USE A l t h o u g h m o st b u i l d i n g s a re re sident i a l , y o u w i ll fi n d tha t th e re a re m any d i ff e re n t u s es, su c h a s w orks hops, sm a l l m a r k ets an d oth e rs.

M a n y h o u s e s co mb i ne b e tw ee n resid e n t i a l a n d ow ne d b u si ne ss; since m o s t o f t h e i n h a b i ta n ts of thi s area are s e l f e m p l oye d d oi ng smal l hom e b u s i n e s s e s.

You will find for exam ple ladies s ew i ng and producing batik, tr adition al j av anese clothing, cooking and prod uci ng spices, r aising birds and duc k s , and other activities that take place i ns i d e the residential buildings.

There are also sever al different p ub lic facilities in the Kam pung, s uch as M osques, schools, open unuse d areas , local adm inistr ative offices an d far m s .

M os t p eop l e are ei ther far m er s , ani m al b reed er s or hav e thei r ow n b us i nes s acti v i ti es at thei r hom es .

The dominant occupations of Waru village are: 1. Agriculture 2, Home goods industry 3. Street vendors

MA MIANI NR ORAODA D

MA MIAN MI A NRIO N RAORDAODA D

M A IM NASI N I D SE I D RE O ARDOSA D

SECONDARY SIDE ROADS

MAIN SIDE ROADS + M U LT I - U S E S PA C E S

INNER BLOCK DISTRIBUTION ALLEYS

streethierarchy The street network of Waru Village contains a variety of street types, based on the people who use them and the functions that surround them.

streetlife WORK-HOME

The people of Waru village comprises largely of home-based entrepreneurs, farmers and street vendors.

They are commonly found along the main roads which the people use to access to and fro from the city, as well as along roads that connect between different villages.

“I moved here a year ago.

Land prices are cheap here so it is easier to start my business.�

- Batik workshop owner

“I love how quiet and peaceful the village is. Here, everyone knows and helps each other.�

- Housewife

waruvillage War u Kam p ung has a uni q ue i d enti ty, encl os i ng a g ood s e n s e o f be l o n gi n g to i ts i nhab i tants . In the l as t 15 or 20 y ear s , the Kam p u n g’s de v e l o pme n t has d ens i fi ed w i thi n the natur al b ound ar i es , l ead i ng to a v a ri e t y o f h o u s i n g ty p ol og i es and l and us es w i thi n and b etw een d i fferent p l o t s o f l a n d.

H ow ev er, there are s ev er al d efi ci enci es i n the Kam p ung ’s c o n n e c t i v i t y w i t h the i nner ci ty of S ol o, d ue to the l i m i ted am ount and p oor qu a l i t y o f s t re e t s .

W i th m os t of the i nfr as tr ucture i ns tal l ed and p ub l i c facil i t i e s i n t h e a re a , War u Kam p ung p rov i d es a v er y g ood op p or tuni ty for fur t h e r de v e l o pme n t , to p res ent a p rototy p e to other s i m i l ar areas .

ST R EN GT H S

W EA K N ESSES

OPPOR T U N IT IES

T H R EA T S

urbanexpansion FUTURE: TYPES OF GROWTH THE FUTURE

Without any plans or regulations, a city can grow out of control. Unorganized urban growth can lead to unhealthy lifestyles, and damage to environment.

Most planners try to predict and organize the expansion of cities, hoping to be able to control it. However, sometimes small towns and villages in the outskirts of expanding cities are negatively affected in this expansion process.

First house

Houses of family Open spaces / plantations

Commercial activity Construction works

Built up area Leftover space

As a consequence, these villages lose their identity, values and culture.

Using timeline analysis, it is possible to foresee 2 different types of development and their impacts on the physical layout and the character of the villages in the area.

UNCONTROLLED DEVELOPM EN T

GA T ED C OM M U N IT IES

Demand for infrastructure Increases basic development patterns of the village

However, while villages develop and densify, Solo City expands with the characteristics of the new trend of private-gated compounds.

Demand for better connectivity development of the roads, and a natural flow betweem existing roads

These compounds pose a threat to the identity, sense of community and even the existence of adjacent villages. Moreover, their development could lead to negative impacts such as: Traffic congestion Greater demand for public services and public infrastructure

Farmland is overtaken by motonous private compounds Cost and delays due to construction on large scale

“I wouldn’t want to sell my paddy field because many people would lose their jobs.”

- Villager

“I don’t really like the new developments at the paddy fields.

They took my play ground away.”

- Widya, 12 years old

Dependent on Solo for public services

Interdependent network of local amenities (schools, mosques, healthcare, markets, entertainment)

Densifying land plots lead to lack of public open space

Public Street scapes Peripheral roads with public spaces and amenities shared by adjacent villages

Monotonous developer housing surrounds and isolates villages

Diverse Economy a eco-cultural corridor network of unique local industries (ie.Batik) that promote eco-tourism and farmland preservation eco- cultural corridor

Traffic congestion more and more people need to commute to Solo

FUTURE VILLAGE WARU VILLAGE

IN TER - VILLA GE

PER IPH ER A L M A IN

Improved circulation Street hierarchy Pedestrian-friendly streets as public space for children, encouraging streetside activity

OUR VISION

Steering the physical development of streets as a way to preserve and support the people’s lifestyles, cultural identities, local economic development and inter-village relationships.

EXTENDED CONNECTIVITY

SHARED PUBLIC AMENITIES NETWORK

To extend existing street network for greater connectivity

To provide alternative route for villagers to commute to city

To pedestrianize internal streets as public space to create vibrant roadsides unique to local culture

To increase demand for and encourage public transport to city

Improving accessibility and internal network to support potential of local industry

To encourage inter-village interaction with shared public spaces and services

interaksikampung

LOCAL INDUSTRY E C O - C U LT U R A L C O R R I D O R To s treng then and s us t a i n a v i l l a ge ’s cul tur al i d enti ty and l o c a l e c o n o mi c d ev el op m ent To al l ow v i l l ag es to fu r t h e r de v e l o p ow n i d enti ti es w i th the i r u n i qu e s e t s of s k i l l s and cul ture To al l ow k am p ung s to d e pe n d o n o n e another for d ai l y need s a n d s u ppl i e s

extended connectivity KAMPUNG NETWORK: BETWEEN VILLAGES AND BEYOND We env i s i on a k am p ung n e t w o rk t h a t u n i t e s the v ar i ous and future v i l l a ge s a n d de v e l o pm ents i n the area.

By d oi ng s o, uni q ue v i l l a ge i de n t i t i e s c o u l d b e d ev el op ed , s treng then e d a n d e mpo w e re d.

extendedconnectivity E X PA N S I O N F R A M E W O R K Wi thout any plans or regulations, a city can grow o u t o f control.

Ou r approach focuses on: Fur ther developm ent of the village Extension of existing street networks to greater enable connectivity not only within the village but also between neighboring villages.

ONE UNIT: THE GRID The ex i s t i n g gri d i s ma de u p of m ai n c i rc u l a t i o n ro a ds s u rround i ng i n t e r n a l a c c e s s ro a ds .

CITY <-> HOME

VILLAGE <-> VILLAGE

LINES OF CIRCULATION

ral r oad phe

ral phe peri

ma

in

peri

road main

phe

ral

Future connecti ons w i th s ur round i ng areas throug h an alt er n at in g p at t er n o f m ain an d peripher al r o ad s that connects ad j acent villages

peri

main

Z O O M - O U T : A LT E R N AT I N G G R I D S

LINES OF ACCESS

STREET HIERARCHY CONNECTIVITY & SAFE STREETS

SHARED PUBLIC AMENITIES

future village

future village W V

A I

L

R L

A

U G

E

withinthenetwork CLOSE-UP: STREET FUNCTIONS C om m erci al b el t P ub l i c am eni ti es net w o rk Inter- v i l l ag e road s E co- cul tur al cor r i d or Inter nal p ed es tr i an ro a ds

LOCAL INDUSTRY E C O - C U LT U R A L C O R R I D O R

MAIN Developed to facilitate main flow of traffic through village and towards Solo City. Offers access to villages and encourages economic development along this stretch

INTER-VILLAGE Provides access from main road to neighbourhoods. Vehicles dominate over pedestrians. Pedestrian life spills onto the roadside.

NEIGHBOURHOOD

PEDESTRIAN

provides access into junctions between neighbourhoods. Pedestrians dominate over vehicles.

streets are completely pedestrianized into public space.

streethierarchy STREET UPGRADE

Ou r p r o p o sal o n t h e d evelo p m en t o f t h e s tr e e t n et wo r k in vo lves t h e d evelo p m en t o f ce r ta i n t yp es o f exist in g r o ad s.

Thi s av oi d s hav i ng to cons tr uct ad d i ti onal i n f ra s tr ucture. E s p eci al l y w hen i t com es to road s , t h i s i s cr uci al as the g ener al p atter n i nv ol v i ng s t re e t p atter ns i s that i t i s nor m al l y an i r rev er s i b l e pro ces s .

By d ev el op i ng fur ther the cur rent i nfr as tr uc t u re , the cos t of d ev el op m ent i s al s o g reatl y redu c e d w i thout up rooti ng the b as i c for m s of i nfr as tr u c t u re ( p i p i ng , ci rcui t l i nes ) .

safestreets S T R E E T S A S P U B L I C S PA C E The co m m u n it y sp ir it i n the v i l l ag e i s a l a rge a s pe c t to the attr acti v enes s of the v i l l ag e - one th a t h a s a ro s e throug h the m any s oci al i nter acti ons occ u rri n g a l o n g the com m on s p aces , s uch as m i x ed us ed s p a c e s , c o u r t y ard s , cor r i d or s and the s treets .

As ur b an ex p ans i on occur s , the b ui l d i ng d en s i t y w i l l ri s e and hence p os e a threat to the com m on s pa c e s s h a re d b y the l ocal s .

By i ncor p or ati ng the need for p ub l i c s p a c e s i n t o t h e fr am ew or k for ur b an ex p ans i on, w e enab l e t h e v i l l a ge t o retai n i ts l ocal i d enti ty and road s i d e cul ture .

Indonesian roadside culture: A family roadside vendor during the weekly Car-Free Day in Solo City On this day, many locals would also sit along the roadside on long mats to have their meals, reminiscent of the traditional Iban long-house verandah, a common space where different families would eat and play together.

sharednetwork

O F P U B L I C S PA C E S A N D FA C I L I T I E S

As tr affi c d ens i ty i ncreas es al ong the m ai n road , the p er i p her al road p rov i d es an al ter nati v e route for v i l l ag er s to com m ute b etw een the ci ty and the v i l l ag e.

The p er i p her al road , w here s hared p ub l i c s p aces and faci l i ti es ( s chool s , m ar k ets , m os q ues , heal thcare) w oul d b e l ocated , act as an in t er p h ase b et ween t wo villag es, u n it in g villag es an d en co u r ag in g in t er - villag e co llab o r at io n s.

thebatikvillage E C O - C U LT U R A L C O R R I D O R

Batik is the locl ar t in Waru Village. It has been there, since the colonial era. Villagers here make a living by making and selling batik. It is seen as the identity of Waru village by its people.

The batik workshops in Waru village are commonly located near the canal. People colour and dr y the batik in the traditional way, throwing the batik waste into the canal, which pollutes the rice field.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The batik dye waste solution is thrown into the canal, because it is easier than in Solo, where many people would complain. Here, the regulation is easier.â&#x20AC;?

- 54-year-old

Batik workshop owner since 1984

T H E P R O C E S S O F M A K I N G B AT I K

1

BATIK WA X I N G & PA I N T I N G Ba t ik clot h is l a i d o u t ont o t ab les , ap pl i e d w i th wax ov er t he p a tte r n and s ub m er g ed i n a s e quence of d y eb a th s .

2

BATIK D Y E P O L L U TA N T S Afte r p ai nti ng, dye w aste i s c o n v e n i entl y throw n i nto the c a n a l , w hi ch may cause i rri ta ti o n to ski n of far mers and d a m a g e to crops.

3

AGRICULTURAL N AT U R A L C L E A N S E R A dj acent far ml ands could be devel oped to grow crops t hat absorb the pol l uti on , allowing exi sti ng far mers to ret ain t heir j obs and far ml ands as an int egral par t of the B ati k process.

eco-culturalcorridor I N N O VAT I N G L O C A L I N D U S T R I E S & E C O - T O U R I S M

While there is potential for Waru Villageâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s local industries to boom, growth is held back due to lack of organization of the various components of the processes.

By tap p i ng on cur rent s treng ths of the v i l l a ge t o dri v e i t s d ev el op m ent - d ev el op i ng the l ocal b ati k i n du s t r y, a n d t a pp i ng on the ag r i cul tur al i nd us tr y as a na t u ra l c l e a n s e r f o r b ati k d y e p ol l utants , the v i l l ag e coul d f u r t h e r de v e l o p i t s i d enti ty as a b ati k v i l l ag e, w hi l e al s o b eco mi n g a i n n o v a t i v e m od el for eco- fr i end l y i nd us tr i es . Tour i s m o ppo r t u n i t i e s c a n al s o b e created .

RENEWING TRADITIONS Th i s ste p - b y - s t ep eco -fri e n d l y p ro c e s s o f m aki ng b at ik , b es id e s b e i n g a n e c o -to u r f or student s and t our is ts , c a n h e l p i n n o v a te t he agri cult ur al and b a ti k i n d u s tr y u n i q u e t o Waru Villag e, and e n g a g e y o u n g e r a n d f utu re gener at ions in th e re n e w a l o f th e s e lo cal trad it ions .

polluted batik dye waste

Mangroves absorb pollution

coloured, less poisonous

Purification with vetiveria zizanioides

Safe for agriculture and skin contact

futurevillages

Le a r ni ng fr om W a r u: A VILLAGE BY PEOPLE Far m er s are to d i v i d e thei r far m l and s i nto s m al l er p l ots be f o re s e l l i n g t h e m off, al l ow i ng far m l and s to b e d ev el op ed b y i nd i v i d ual s and t h e i r f u t u re f a mi l i e s them s el v es i n a m ore v i l l ag e- l i k e or g ani c y et o rga n i z e d s t ru c t u re .

100 m

11 m

36 m

72 m

28 m

36 m

22 m

14 m 7.5m

7.5m

ourconclusion A NETWORK OF KAMPUNGS

What we have proposed is not only concerned with one village or a specific case study.

Our vision is to apply this model of development to all neighboring villages to form a close-knitted and inter-dependent network of kampungs.

We believe through extending the connectivity of the existing street network and proposing optimum land plot sizes, natural restrictions will be enforced on developers and individuals when building their establishments within a certain context and following a certain structure.

By achieving this, not only will it preserve the identity of the villages, but it will also keep the organic structure for the whole area.

Instead of having several gated compounds, we envision several kampungs connected dynamically together with an efficient and people-friendly street network infrastructure, a network of public amenities and an eco-cultural corridor of unique local industries.

2015

INTERNATIONAL

DESIGN

WORKSHOP

I N S U R A K A R TA C I T Y A N D ITS

SURROUNDINGS