Jackson Hole Woman 2019 by Teton Media Works, Inc.

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WOMAN Special Section â&#x20AC;¢ Oct. 23, 2019

No place With high demand and few options, families are struggling to find suitable child care. Page 20.

for kids KATHRYN ZIESIG / NEWS&GUIDE

2 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

HATS OFF TO ALL THE

Ladies of Law Enforcement

thanks

IN TETON COUNTY,

! for all you do

Special supplement written and produced by the Jackson Hole News&Guide Publisher: Kevin Olson Associate Publisher: Adam Meyer Editor: Johanna Love Managing Editor: Rebecca Huntington Deputy Editor: Melissa Cassutt Layout and Design: Andy Edwards, Samantha Nock Photographers: Bradly J. Boner, Ryan Dorgan, Kathryn Ziesig Copy Editors: Jennifer Dorsey, Mark Huffman, Reese Forno Features: Billy Arnold, Jules Butler, Melissa Cassutt, Cody Cottier, Jennifer Dorsey, Leonor Grave, Tom Hallberg, Isa Jones, Frederica Kolwey, Mike Koshmrl, Maggie Moore Columnists: Jennifer M. Simon, Rachel Wigglesworth Advertising Sales: Karen Brennan, Tom Hall, Megan LaTorre, Oliver O’Connor, David Szugyi Advertising Coordinator: Tatum Biciolis Creative Director: Sarah Wilson Advertising Design: Lydia Redzich, Luis F. Ortiz, Heather Haseltine

The Ladies of Law Enforcement in Jackson Hole

Production Manager: Chuck Pate Pre-press Supervisor: Jeff Young Press Supervisor: Dale Fjeldsted Pressmen: Steve Livingston, Lewis Haddock

FRONT ROW: TC Jail: Deputy Janalynn McKay TC Sheriff’s Office Recruiting & Outreach Asst: Kimmi Kussy TC Victim Service’s Staff: Angie Uhl, Tracey Trefren, Nataly Espinosa TC Sheriff’s SAR Supervisor: Jessica King TC Sheriff’s Dispatch Mgr: Riclyn Betsinger

Office Manager: Kathleen Godines Customer Service Managers: Lucia Perez, Rudy Perez Circulation Manager: Jeff Young Circulation: Jayann Carlisle, Brandi Terry

BACK ROW: TC Sheriff’s Office Asst: Jodi Rankin TC Sheriff’s Office Executive Asst: Jill Callaway Jackson Police Dept Information Coordinator: Cynthia Riedel TC Sheriff’s Office Asst: Lynda Rudolph Jackson Police Dept Community Service Officer: Ashley Brimeyer NOT PICTURED: TC Dispatchers: Kimberly Mullikin, amanda Owen, Janene Ayer, Jennifer McGrath, Katherine Thomas, Justine Fielding, Alexandra Harper TC Jail: Officers Kristine Sanders, Heidee McKenzie, Tianna Stanton, Deputy Elizabeth Leosh TC Sheriff’s Office Warrants & Civil Process Specialist: Mary Faulkner TC Emergency Management: Jenny Kruger TC Animal Shelter: Jessica Poole, Sylvie Polonsky Jackson Police Dept.: Sgt. Michelle Weber, School Resource Officer Ashley Blair, Office Asst. Miriam Kellams 370840

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 3

‘Women’s issues’ are community issues “The Year of the Woman.”

WE WILL SHELTER YOU

Comparatively, the county is doing much better than the country (women make up 23.7% of elected officials) and far better than our state (15.6%). But as far as we’ve come, we’re still not there yet. As noted in Jennifer M. Simon’s column “Equity State,” the more women in position to lead, the more a woman’s perspective is heard. Over 40%is good, but it’s not 50%. And when it comes to who is running the state, we have a lot of work to do to ensure women’s voices are heard. One of the long-standing misconceptions about the Jackson Hole Woman section is that it’s about “women’s issues.” I bristle at that term — “women’s issues.” Intimate partner violence is not a “women’s” issue, nor are contraceptive measures, nor is sexual health nor is the lack of day care facilities in Jackson Hole. Inaccessibility to menstruation products isn’t even a “woman’s” issue — when girls miss school it affects our whole community. Those young women are the next generation of leaders, mothers, economic drivers. The Jackson Hole Woman section isn’t full of “women’s issues,” it’s full of community challenges and opportunities. And we won’t see the changes we seek for these multifaceted problems until both men and women accept these challenges as nongendered issues that must be tackled together. That change alone would go a long way to truly making this year — and every year — the “Year of the Woman.”

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LISTEN TO YOU

WE WILL BELIEVE YOU

No matter what it’s like out there, it’s safe in here. CSN has delivered 6,179 secure bed nights to adults and children over the last 12 months. Thank you to the many in our community who help us as volunteers, advocates, colleagues, donors and board members.

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t’s a designation bestowed on 2019 by the Wyoming Office of Tourism, marking 150 years since women in the Equality State were given the right to vote and hold public office. There’s a lot to celebrate about a state that allowed women a place at the polls more than 50 years before the ratification of the 19th amendment in 1920. Jackson Hole has a rich history of gritty women — those who homesteaded in this harsh Western valley, who stepped up to lead the town as councilor, sheriff, postmaster. And Jackson Hole women continue to step up, holding office and leading the community. Teton County, in particular, has a lot to celebrate when it comes to women in office. Of the 12 elected officials who run Teton County (including the five-member Board of County Commissioners) five are women: Clerk Sherry Daigle, Commission Chairwoman Natalia Macker, Clerk of Court Anne C. Sutton, Assessor Melissa Shinkle and Prosecutor Erin Weisman. Jackson Hole is also often lauded for having one of the first all-female town councils, a historic fact the community is so proud of that a photo of those women — Town Councilors Mae Deloney and Rose Crabtree, Mayor Grace Miller and Councilors Faustina Haight and Genevieve Van Vleck — doesn’t need to be dug up in historical archives. You’ve seen their faces on a wall at the grocery store. Counting all elected officials, Teton County voters have inched toward a 5050 gender representation. Currently, 41.2% of elected officials are women.

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4 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Is it possible to ‘re-educate’ domestic abusers? A Curran-Seeley Foundation program seeks to deconstruct violence in hopes of preventing it from happening again. By Billy Arnold

hen Anne Ellingson works with Dionis Risto, it sometimes feels like “a dance.” The social workers, co-facilitators of the Curran-Seeley Foundation’s domestic violence prevention program, aim to model the complexities of a healthy relationship. Hence, the “dance.” The two work with men who have problems with power and control and those who have been court ordered to attend the 26-session program following a domestic violence-related plea or conviction. In Teton County, prosecutors say those sort of cases are fairly common. Teton County Chief Deputy Prosecutor Clark Allan, who recently prosecuted the case against Mathew Seals, said he deals with cases of domestic violence daily. In 2018, six offenders pled guilty to felony-level domestic-violence related charges in Teton County. The Prosecutor’s Office has handled four cases in 2019 so far, one of which was Seals’ jury trial. Another is pending trial and two defendants have pled guilty. The office has also handled about 40 misdemeanor domestic violence charges in 2018 and 2019 so far. “It’s one of the biggest things that we deal with,” Allan said. It’s also an issue across the state, where police departments responded to over 1,800 domestic violence-related incidents in 2019, according to the Wyoming Division of Criminal Investigation. The vast majority were related to physical assault (about 88%) and in those physical incidents, the majority of offenders were men (about 67%). That trend is borne out across the nation. Trudy Birkemeyer Funk, CurranSeeley’s executive Funk director who facilitated the batterer re-education program in the past, said it’s important to work on preventing domestic violence in the first place. Doing so requires starting early to dispel gender stereotypes in places like high school health classes. But for her and the team at Curran-Seeley, working with the men who perpetrate domestic violence is a recognition of reality — domestic violence is happening, including in Teton County. The program is also an attempt to stop future violence from occurring, or occurring again. “The larger umbrella goal is to keep people safe in our community,” Funk said, “and so if we can do that through

RYAN DORGAN / NEWS&GUIDE

Anne Ellingson and Dionis Risto lead Curran-Seeley’s 26-session domestic violence prevention program, which aims to deconstruct gender norms in hopes of preventing violence.

re-educating and helping [batterers] learn new skills, practice new skills and learn new ways of being in a relationship, then we can hopefully stop

that next act of violence.”

Underreported In Teton County, domestic violence

Domestic violence or intimate partner violence? “Domestic Violence” is a broad term that can refer to violence perpetrated against someone by a boyfriend, girlfriend or spouse — i.e. an intimate partner — as well as immediate family members or other relatives. In the broader subset of “domestic violence,” “intimate partner violence” was the most common form of violence inflicted by a known abuser between 2003 and 2012, according to the United States Department of Justice. But when the term “domestic violence” is used in everyday conversation it commonly refers to violence that occurs between intimate partners, which poses a problem, Community Safety Network Director of Prevention and Education Karin Waidley said. “Domestic is gendered. It seems gendered female,” causing people

to gloss over male and transgender people who are victims of violence perpetrated by an intimate parter, Waidley said. Calling this violence “domestic” also seems to relegate the violence to the home, “a private place,” when violence can occur in many forms, both physical and not, and in many places, she said. Curran-Seeley Foundation Executive Director Trudy Birkemeyer Funk said she didn’t mind which term was used — “domestic violence” or “intimate partner violence” — as long as it was clear that violence perpetrated against an intimate partner does not have to be physical or sexual. It can be perpetrated through economic, emotional or social means: any of the ways shown on the Duluth Model’s “Power and Control” wheel.

has recently made headlines. One case was the Seals trial, which ended with a guilty conviction on eight of nine domestic violence-related counts. That was in early September. Less than a month later, an officer with the Jackson Police Department was arrested after two alleged incidents involving his fiance. He was later fired. But such events don’t capture the full scope of the issue. Before ending up in the prosecutor’s office, these cases start when the Jackson Police Department or Teton County Sheriff’s Office respond to a call, as they did about 70 times between Oct. 1, 2018 and Oct. 1, 2019 for domestic-related events. In that period, the Sheriff’s Office

See abusers on 5

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 5

THE DULUTH MODEL / COURTESY IMAGE

The “Power and Control” wheel was developed in the 1980s in Duluth, Minnesota when researchers asked women who had been battered “what it was like to live with a man who beats them into submission,” according to Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs, which developed the wheel. The wheel shows that men whose willingness to use violence has been established (the outer ring) often use methods from one of the eight subsections in the inner wheel to attain an end goal: power and control, represented by the innermost circle.

THE DULUTH MODEL / COURTESY IMAGE

The “Equality Wheel” is an answer of sorts to the “Power and Control Wheel.” In contrast,” the “Equality Wheel,” also developed by Domestic Abuse Intervention Programs, shows how partners in a relationship can achieve equality with non-violence as the norm. With the pretext of non-violence established (the outer ring), partners can use techniques from the eight subsections of the inner ring to achieve equality in their relationship (the innermost ring).

Abusers

sometimes they take forever,” Funk said. Attendance is also largely court mandated, to the tune of 90%, she estimated. The other 10% or so come voluntarily, in some cases while their case is pending. Men who show up voluntarily often do so because they’ve self identified problematic behavior — or they’ve come dangerously close to committing an act of violence. “It’s a situation where maybe a guy’s starting to recognize that, ‘In my relationships I keep doing this and I keep having these control issues or these jealousy issues and I gotta get a handle on this,’” Funk said. Both groups of men participate in the same program, which is substance free, enforced by urine testing, and lasts for 26 weeks. Programs in Idaho and Colorado have 52-week mandates under state law. Wyoming, by contrast, has no laws mandating batterer re-education programs.

Continued from 4

made about 10 arrests. The Police Department took enforcement action over 20 times (Note: the department’s records management system does not distinguish between citations and arrests). On the prosecutorial side, Teton County Prosecuting Attorney Erin Weisman said the numbers her office was able to provide the News&Guide by deadline were “a snapshot.” “There are a whole range of cases that come to us, which maybe have that underlying component of domestic violence,” Weisman said. “There’s any number of charges that could be related to a domestic incident.” Still, Karin Waidley, director of prevention and education for the Community Safety Network, known as CSN, said even all of those numbers do not reflect the full scope of the problem. The nonprofit advocates on behalf of victims of stalking, sexual assault and domestic violence, including that committed by an intimate partner, which is often referred to as “intimate partner violence.” In 2018, the nonprofit served over 180 survivors, which for reporting purposes CSN classifies as a “physical violence or the threat of physical violence.” That distinction recognizes that domestic violence can occur in any number of ways, both physical and not. Waidley said the reason for the discrepancy between the number of cases responded to by CSN and local law enforcement was likely that domestic violence — and violence committed by an intimate partner in particular — is “underreported” in Teton County. “We may have people who come here who have no intention of ever reporting along law enforcement lines,” Waidley said. The reasons why vary, she said. Immigration status may prevent someone from seeking legal help for fear of retribution. Victims may have had bad experiences with law enforcement. Children are often involved, and victims may fear that they’ll be separated from their kids or that their abuser will harm them as well. Finances are also often a deterrent for reporting violence to law enforcement. If the offender is arrested or

Batterer re-education

Karin Waidley is the Community Safety Network’s director of prevention and education.

sent to jail, financial security — and in Teton County, housing — may disappear. “There’s a lot of different reasons why people might stay in a situation that involves intimate partner violence,” Waidley said. “So the number in terms of official reports is probably quite low compared to reality.”

Entry to the program Started in the early ‘90s by a former executive director, the Curran-

RYAN DORGAN / NEWS&GUIDE

Seeley batterer re-education program has served anywhere from five to six men to groups of 15 or 20 at a time. In recent years, numbers have been on the lower side. Asked about the discrepancy between those numbers and the 60 or so incidents law enforcement responds to, as well as the 180 or so CSN handles, Funk said the legal process can be long. “Sometimes those cases will go very quickly through the system and

Once in the program, clinicians like Ellingson and Risto walk participants through different topics of conversation each week, oftentimes using principles developed by the Duluth Model, a system of intervention that originated in the early ‘80s after other intervention programs failed. At first, clinicians focused on having women in the relationship “make sure things were done perfectly,” what Funk called the “white picket fence view.” That didn’t work. Next came couples’ counseling, where the women who were abused would either not speak out or speak too candidly and abuse would continue at home. Focus then shifted to addressing substance abuse, which Funk said affects 70% to 80% of men who perpetrate acts of domestic violence, and managing perpetrators’ anger. Substance abuse counseling only showed abusers a path to recovery from drugs and alcohol, she said, and anger management courses didn’t curb abuse because, as Funk put it: “You can abuse without ever raising your voice.” What then emerged was the Duluth Model, which focused on addressing the underlying reason that research found men abuse: establishing power and control over a partner, a decision See Educate on 6

6 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Educate

Prevention programs

Continued from 5

often deeply rooted in philosophies of how men and women should behave. Batterer intervention programs, what a “healthy relationship looked violence that objectify women and Programs like Curran-Seeley’s are based on the which typically address violence after like.” dehumanize other marginalized Duluth Model and use some of its principles and it has already occurred, are just part of The Community Safety Network is groups.” materials, including the “Power and Control Wheel” the solution. working to bring those discussions into The “first wave” of youth-oriented and the “Equality Wheel.” The former is used to unTo prevent it outright, experts in the classrooms throughout Teton County prevention programs, Waidley added, pack the social dynamics that lead to violence, the field agree education about power and through peer advocate programs, “really is about changing the culture latter aids in teaching what equitable and healthy control and what healthy relationships classes at the high school focused around what we look at as the root relationships look like. look like needs to start when people on gender issues, sessions in health conditions of violence.” Risto said classes usually focus on a specific are young. One way to do so is to work classes and guest speakers. “No one’s taught that,” Ellingson aspect of attaining power and control, economic in schools. Community Safety Network Director said. “It’s just like mental health. abuse being an example that’s not typically thought Curran-Seeley Foundation Executive of Prevention and Education Karin We talk about that, substance abuse of as a form of intimate partner violence. FacilitaDirector Trudy Birkemeyer Funk said Waidley said the subject matter in the disorders — all those things that we say tors start with the status quo — how, for example, one of the most common questions nonprofit’s programming is similar to should have been talked about at an money is managed in a participant’s home life she receives from men in the program Curran-Seeley’s intervention program early age.” — and then break it down, asking questions like, Her point? We should do the same is, “Why didn’t I learn this in high in that it focuses on “the social and “How did we create this opinion that the man is in school?” Many, she said, never knew cultural conditions that normalize with relationships. control of the money?” Risto said. Of course, the situation isn’t the same for everyIf the men in the room don’t want to listen to Elwho “are actually more open than sometimes we one. lingson, Risto backs her up. would expect them to be,” but coming to an underIn session Ellingson and Risto work through in“If something is off with the guys, he’ll step in or dividual issues, and unpack larger societal norms standing takes time, certainly more than a single I’ll step in,” she said. that can lead to violence. Examples include the idea session. Funk said that back and forth is critical. The clinicians see that process of back and forth that men are supposed to be the head of the house“It’s not like you’re walking into a group where hold or that women are supposed to be the primary and disagreement as an opportunity. They have the opportunity to put the one person has more power than the other,” she caretakers. “Power and Control” said. “They’re co-facilitating as equals.” The goal, the faciliand “Equality” wheels tators said, is to have into practice, showing No cure the men begin to unStill, domestic violence remains a problem, inthat disagreement can derstand what makes happen without vio- cluding after offenders leave programs like Currana relationship equal Seeley’s. lence. for both genders — the Waidley noted that batterer re-education pro“There is still some same sort of relationopportunity to teach grams are “important,” especially in the context of ship Ellingson and Rissomething even when the larger conversation around rehabilitation rathto seek to model in their disagree,” Risto said. er than punishment. facilitation. Trudy Birkemeyer Funk weSo, But she also said most offenders of intimate when Ellingson Doing so shows “how Curran-seeley FOUNDATION partner violence “are serial offenders,” which is said she feels like she to have an equal relasupported by a Department of Justice report that and Risto are dancing, tionship rather than a states “approximately one-third of abusers will reait’s more of a mental one-up relationship,” buse in the short run, and more will reabuse in the game in which she and her co-worker take turns Funk said. “And that’s a very foreign concept to men and women. … They’re used to that one-up. facilitating the class, modeling what an equal rela- long run.” It’s also common for victims to return to their That’s how they saw it growing up and that’s how tionship looks like. “It’s really nice to have both — a male and female abusers, Waidley and Funk said, for a variety of they’ve continued to utilize it.” But teaching the fundamentals of an equal rela- facilitator,” Ellingson said, adding that if the ener- reasons, many similar to the financial and familial gy rises in the room, it’s powerful to have a woman barriers that keep victims from reporting violence tionship is not always easy. See Violence on 7 Risto said he and Ellingson work with many men say, “Hold on, wait a minute.”

“This is a lifelong journey. This is changing behaviors that have probably been ingrained for 20, 30, 40 years.”

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Brooke Violette, Cassidy Stickney, Cynthia Tibbitts, Darcey Prichard, Erica Hawley, Jaye Infanger, Lauren Frey, Libby Erker, Liza Tlougan, Lizzie Heineken, Maria James, Paige Hobson, Ramsey Skrepenski, Sarah Kennedy, Not Pictured: Jen Mei, Julieta Sweigert

C e Cl e bl er ba rt ai nt ig n gt h te h ew owmoemn e no f o Cf L CBL B

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 7

Violence Continued from 6

in the first place. “It’s a really common trend,” Waidley said. “The national statistic is that it takes seven times for somebody to leave an abusive relationship.” That means victims often find themselves in a tenuous situation with their abuser, who is statistically likely to abuse again. That reality is complicated in the world of batterer re-education programs, where research has shown mixed results. In many cases, recidivism still happens. Funk acknowledged the CurranSeeley program, anecdotally, does “see re-offenses,” though she didn’t have internal statistics to review. She also said the number of repeat offenders they see coming through the Curran-Seeley program is “minimal” to the number that don’t re-offend. “This is a lifelong journey,” she said. “This is changing behaviors that have probably been ingrained for 20, 30, 40 years. It’s really difficult to say, ‘This person is cured’ — we would never say that. Instead, we’d say they’ve learned some skills. Now they need to continue to use them.” The reality of recidivism has led some people to criticize the programs as ineffective, but Funk asserted that a “cure” is never promised. Men can come back into the Curran-Seeley program at any time. “Does it work for all? No. Can we guarantee it? No. But does it work for some, and does it improve some lives and does it eliminate some potential victims in the future?” Funk said. “I believe it does.” Contact Billy Arnold at 732-7062 or entertainment@jhnewsandguide.com.

Local support If you or someone you know has experienced domestic violence, the following organizations are here to help. Community Safety Network Provides resources for survivors of sexual assault, domestic violence and stalking. 24-hour helpline: 733-7233 (SAFE) Office: 733-3711 CSNJH.org Family Safety Network (Driggs, Idaho) Organization dedicated to eliminating violence, abuse and oppression. 24-hour helpline: 208-354-7233 (SAFE) Office: (208) 354-8057 FamilySafetyNetwork.info Jackson Hole Community Counseling Center Mental health services for everyone in Teton County, regardless of income or ability to pay. 24-hour helpline: 733-2046 Office: 733-2046 JHCCC.org

Left to Right Top Row: Chamber of Commerce Board Chair Kris Shean, Josie Monnick, Britney Magleby, Riley Frances Boone Left to Right, Bottom Row: President/CEO Anna Olson with pup Waffle, Mo Murphy with pup Lizzie, Elisabeth Rohrbach, Diane Mahin, Jill Hiatt

Teton County Victim Services Organization to inform victims of their rights and available services. An on-call advocate is available 24-hours a day through Teton County Dispatch: 733-2331 Office: 732-8482 JacksonWY.gov/175/victim-services Jackson Police Department Office: 733-1430 JacksonWY.gov/280/police Teton County Sheriff’s Office Dispatch: 733-2331 TetonSheriff.org In an emergency, call 911.

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8 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Equity comes when both sexes are heard, counted

uch of the information that we collect on healthcare, safety, transportation, housing — the list goes on — and does not get separated out according to sex. That means we don’t know whether or how things affect men and women differently. Researchers call this process of separating information by categories “disaggregation.” When we don’t disaggregate data by sex, we don’t get a clear picture of what is happening to men and women. Not only are results about women and men lumped in together, but there is also often an assumption that women are just suboptimal men — smaller, slower, more hormonal — and so we are left out of the research entirely. This leads to a gender data gap, which has big implications for the health and safety of women — the economics of our communities.

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Policy implications We can’t change what we don’t measure. Collecting and disaggregating data with an eye toward creating policy that supports 100% of our community’s population will lead to long-term benefits for all of us. We’re fortunate in Teton County to have a wealth of data about our lives. We have a robust Community Health Needs Assessment that shares where we are healthy and where we can stand to do better. We have usage data on the hospital and enrollment data for the Affordable Care Act. We have information on housing and transportation. We have unemployment numbers that tell us whether our local economy is humming along. But how much of that data is analyzed according to sex? We don’t know if more women or men seek housing or mental health care. When START has peak ridership, we don’t know if it’s men or women on the bus. Are men more apt than women to commute by bike? We don’t know. How might our decision-making be affected by this information?

Until 1993, women were expressly excluded from clinical research trials. Since 1993 when the National Institutes of Health changed their position, women have been allowed to be included in clinical trials, but the frontline research (on rats, for example) is generally conducted on males. “Women are still underrepresented in many research areas. When women are included, it’s still not routine for researchers to always actually analyze their results by sex or gender and in- Securing a seat at the table Making women visible through clude that information in the published study,” said Maya Dusenbery, author of the numbers is just one piece of closing the gender data gap. “Doing Harm.” “And that’s The solution also requires before we even get to the greater representation fact that many conditions by women in all spheres that primarily affect women of life. More women in have been comparatively elected office yields balunder-researched entirely.” anced results and increasThis has led to a lack es women’s visibility in the of information about how policy that legislators disdrugs, treatments and discuss and enact. eases impact women. As a Nevada elected its first result, women have more female-majority legislature adverse drug reactions; apand it changed the scope proximately 50% more, ofof the bills they considered ten because the drugs just Jennifer M. Simon and passed. Those bills weren’t tested on us. We included tougher penalhave fewer treatment choices. Our symptoms may be considered ties for domestic violence, permanent “atypical” simply because they don’t funding for rape kit testing, a sexual match those of men. It is no coinci- assault survivor’s bill of rights — and a dence that heart attacks are a leading long-overlooked gender wage gap bill. In 2015, Sen. Patricia Ann Spearcause of death in women. Heart attacks in women are frequently overlooked or man (D), said legislative leaders redisregarded because our symptoms fre- fused to schedule a hearing on her bill quently present differently from men. to promote pay equity for women. Safety testing is another area where “The boys club was like, ‘Why do we there is an assumption that a man’s need that?’” she told the Washington body can be substituted for a wom- Post. an’s. In the most recent session, female “It wasn’t until 2011 that the U.S. legislators had first-hand experience started using a female crash-test with the issue and understood its ecodummy,” wrote Caroline Criado Perez nomic and social importance. They in her book, “Invisible Women: Data got the bill passed. bias in a world designed for men.” Women’s visibility (or, more often, She goes on to point out that wom- invisibility) impacts everyone. en are 47% more likely to be seriously “When we exclude half of humanity injured and 17% more likely to die in from the production of knowledge we car crashes — because car safety isn’t lose out on potentially transformative designed for women. insights,” Perez said. “Even though car crashes are the It is incumbent on all of us to lift number-one cause of fetal death more women up because, as Perez and related trauma,” she wrote, “we goes on to remind us, “As women haven’t even yet developed a seat belt move into positions of power or inthat works for pregnant women.” fluence … women simply don’t forget Women’s invisibility in the data that women exist.” makes it easier for both men and women to overlook not only the health Jennifer M. Simon founded the and safety of women in our commu- Wyoming Women’s Action Network, nities, but also the contributions that an advocacy group dedicated to women continue to make. advancing the economic security, “The failure to measure unpaid health and representation of women household services is perhaps the in Wyoming. She is a senior policy greatest gender data gap of all,” wrote advisor to the Equality State Policy researcher Caroline Criado Perez. Center and holds a Master of “Estimates suggest that unpaid care Theological Studies from Vanderbilt work could account for up to 50% of Divinity School.

Equity State

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 9

Leslye Hardie, right, of the Jackson Cupboard drops off period products with Jackson Hole High School nurse Bethany Shidner.

KATHRYN ZIESIG / NEWS&GUIDE PHOTOS

‘Tampon Team’ pushes back on period poverty Three nonprofits and a growing group of volunteers aim to #EndPeriodPoverty by giving away pads and tampons for free. By Melissa Cassutt

hey’ve branded themselves the “Tampon Team.” These distribution avengers of feminine protection items have spearheaded an effort mirroring a national movement to make period products — pads and tampons — easily accessible to girls and women. The idea was sparked by an Always ad, one of a few #EndPeriodPoverty advertisements the company has been running. One such ad reads, “This paper is not a pad. But it’s all some girls have. “Millions of girls in the U.S. don’t have access to period protection and are forced to use things like newspapers instead,” it continues. “This lack of protection can cause girls to miss school.” It was that last line that caught Margaret Hutton’s attention. “I had experienced that in Africa and Cuba, but I was surprised to read those statistics for the United States,” she said. Hutton, director of faith, care and action at St. John’s Episcopal Church at the time, was curious to know if period poverty — lack of access to feminine hygiene products — was a problem in Jackson Hole. She called around, starting with school nurses, and found that “yes, it is a problem,” she said.

The Tampon Team puts out free feminine protection products for girls and women. The team is a part of the Period Project, launched by St. John’s Episcopal Church, the Jackson Cupboard and the hospital foundation.

Period poverty It’s hard to quantify exactly how much money Teton County School District No. 1 spends on feminine hygiene products or how many products are given to students, but information coordinator Charlotte Reynolds said the district is limited in what it can offer. In response, Hutton started networking with nonprofits likely to be

interested in tackling the problem, starting with the St. John’s Hospital Foundation. “I had just started to do my own research on [period poverty], so as soon as she called me I was like, ‘Yep, know what you’re talking about, let’s get it done,” said Katie Long, the St. John’s Hospital Foundation’s director of annual giving and database management. “I immediately went

home, started a Facebook fundraiser for what I called ‘period pouches.’” In addition to the pouches — cloth bags designed to discreetly hold menstruation products — St. John’s and the foundation partnered with Jackson Cupboard to pool money to purchase pads and tampons in bulk. The products were organized into baskets and placed in women’s bathrooms See POVERTY on 26

10 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Colorado family planning sets high standard she was presented with a spate of options for birth control: pills, patches, Nuva rings, condoms. These methods are inexpensive, and when used correctly most are at least 90% effective. Long-acting reversible contracepBy Tom Hallberg tives, also known as LARCs, like IUDs and implants, either weren’t offered In 2007, Colorado had a problem. or had such long waitlists that they Despite the state having provided weren’t practical. family planning services for nearly Before the Colorado Family Planthree decades, many pregnancies ning Initiative started, just 6.4% of were unintended. Of all pregnancies Title X clinic patients used LARCs, in the state, 40% were unplanned, mostly due to cost. and that number rose to 60% for “Birth control pills can cost 8 cents women between the ages of 15 and 24. a pack,” Camp said, “but to pay $500 Even with a strong network of Title for a LARC was out of reach for those X family planning clinics, which serve clinics.” low-income women and families, and Following the advent of the family a desire to grow its services, the state planning initiative, the state’s Title X still saw high rates of unintended clinics began to expand the number pregnancies. That is, until a magnani- of LARCs they could offer on a sliding mous donor stepped in, hoping to use scale based on patient income. Title Colorado’s Title X clinics as a petri X facilities operate in part on feddish. The donor invested $27 million eral grants, which mandate that they in the state to make a concerted push serve anyone who comes in the door, to lower the unintended pregnancy regardless of “national origin and age rate, choosing to remain anonymous. and income,” Camp said. Though the Denver Post outed the Clinics made LARCs readily availdonor as billionaire businessman War- able, purchasing them for $400 ren Buffet in a 2017 article, the Colora- apiece through the federal 340b do Department of Public Health chose drug-pricing program. Using the doto honor the donor’s wishes. nor’s contributions, the state cov“We still say ered the differ‘the anonymous ence between the donor,’” the dewholesale price partment’s Jody and what the paCamp said. tients could pay. Named or not, Within six years the donor wanted 30.5% of clinic to see if expandpatients were using funding to ing LARCs, and Title X clinics in that time the to provide lowinitiative procost intrautervided 36,000 ine devices and LARCs to women implants would they and the — Jodie Pond that lower the rate clinics could not teton county health department of unplanned otherwise have pregnancies. The afforded. thinking was No matter the simple: IUDs and interest in LARCs implants are the from patients, usmost effective ing philanthropic reversible forms of birth control, but funds to cover operational costs of a they are prohibitively expensive for public health initiative isn’t sustainclinics and low-income women. Ex- able. Donors, including the one who panding their use would, in theory, started Colorado program, often look prevent unintended pregnancies. to fund programs that can become More than a decade after the influx self-sufficient. For Colorado’s proof cash began, Colorado’s clinics are gram, the passage of the Affordable something of an inspiration for other public health departments, including Care Act was the necessary piece. Prior to the Affordable Care Act, Teton County’s. “Their program is the model,” said the department’s third-party colJodie Pond, director of the Teton lections were a barrier to providing County Health Department. “They LARCs to more women. Revenue from Medicaid and private insurance was were really the first one to do this.” paltry because those entities weren’t Removing cost as a barrier required to cover birth control. The Before 2009, when a woman clinics made roughly $500,000 from walked into a Colorado Title X clinic, Medicaid and $200,000 from private

Philanthropic boost enabled the state to offer thousands of women IUDs and implants.

“Their program is the model. They were really the first one to do this.”

HOW MUCH DOES BIRTH CONTROL COST? HOW LONG DOES IT LAST? PILLS

PATCH

$240-$600 per year

91%

Taken every day

One month

RING

SHOT

$240-$600 per year

$400 per year

91%

94%

3-5 weeks

12 - 14 weeks

INTRAUTERINE DEVICE (IUD)

up to $1,300

Out-of-pocket costs for people without insurance

99.2% - 99.8%

Efficacy rate

3-12 years

How long the contraception method lasts

Sources: PLANNED PARENTHOOD, CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL & PREVENTION SAMANTHA NOCK / NEWS&GUIDE

insurance annually before the landmark health care law, Camp said. Now that almost all patients with insurance have access to birth control through their policies, those numbers have skyrocketed to $4 million in revenue from Medicaid and $1 million from private insurance. That allowed the health department to find self-sufficiency as philanthropic funds dried up. “The donor committed for two years and stayed for eight,” Camp said. “It’s OK for us to stand on our own two feet now.”

Bringing it north Seeing such a successful program in a neighboring state, family planning providers in Wyoming have taken a page out of Colorado’s book. “We decided it would be great to see how on-demand birth control would work in lowering the teen birth rate,” said Pond from the Teton County Health Department. The county Health Department has offered low-cost IUDs for several years after taking over as the Title X grantee when the now-defunct nonprofit Western Wyoming Family Planning closed. It has generally collected little annual revenue through the grant, just $37,000 last year, $8,000 of which went to administrative costs to maintain the funding. Being a Title X grantee gave the Health Department access to 340b pricing, the same program that benefitted the Colorado clinics. Pond said that even though the grant required extensive paperwork to maintain, the 340b pricing was worth it. However, the department decided this year to eschew Title X funding be-

What is a LARC?

Long-acting reversible contraceptives, known as LARCs, were the backbone of the Colorado Family Planning Initiative. But many women and families may not know exactly what they are or understand their benefits. Intrauterine devices and implants fall into the category of LARCs. Implants are often inserted under the skin in a woman’s arm by a doctor or nurse practitioner, while IUDs are inserted into the uterus in an in-office procedure. Some LARCs last up to 10 years, though three to five years is most common. Some release hormones to stop a zygote from embedding in the uterine wall; others, like the ParaGard IUD, are wrapped in copper, which emits ions that are toxic to sperm. LARCs are more than 99% effective partly because they eliminate a need for compliance — there are no pills or injections to remember. Most women who use IUDs experience few side effects, though the copper versions can cause women to experience more pain during menstruation and heavier bleeding. Some women have also experienced uterine scarring or infertility, but instances of such drastic side effects are rare. While more effective than their counterparts in “typical use” (meaning: how a product is actually used, versus perfect use — LARCs near or hit numbers expected for “perfect use,” again, because compliance is eliminated), cost and access are the main barriers to use. IUDs can cost from $500 to $1,300 for women without health insurance. Though they are generally cheaper over the life of the device than other forms of birth control, the high upfront costs can deter women from using them.

See Family Planning on 11

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Intrauterine devices are about 1.25 to 1.30 inches long, not including the strings, which are clipped once the IUD is inserted. IUDs, a form of long-acting reversible contraceptives, or LARCs, have been a form of birth control more public health departments have sought to offer because they are 99% effective.

Family Planning Continued from 10

cause of new restrictions that forbid grantees from referring patients to abortion providers. The department doesn’t provide abortion services, but the “gag rule,” as national organizations like Planned Parenthood have called it, would prevent staff from discussing abortion as an option. The change was the impetus to leave the program. With high administrative costs, limits on what providers can say and a small amount of money provided, being a Title X clinic became less appealing, Pond said. However, the need to provide low-cost LARCs remained, and Pond said the Health Department might not have left Title X if it hadn’t been

able to maintain its 340b status. Because the department has a sexually transmitted infection program, it still qualifies for the discounts offered in the 340b drug-pricing program. Gail Wilson, family planning director at the Cheyenne-Laramie County Health Department, whose clinics are Title X grantees and receive 340b pricing, said clinics can now purchase two types of discounted IUDs. The first is $50, the other costs $400. Wilson’s program works similarly to Colorado’s. “If I buy the LARC that is $400,” she said, “that would be slid to $0 for those who qualify. We have to cover that.” The same is true in Teton County, but Wyoming, unlike Colorado, has

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for screenings. Success in that case may mean a higher chlamydia rate, at Continued from 11 least at first. not expanded Medicaid. That means But by almost all measures, the private insurance and Medicaid are Colorado Family Planning Initiative still required to cover the IUDs un- was a success, and recent research der the Affordable Care Act, but fewer suggests that women who live close women in Wyoming may have access to the state’s Title X clinics show parto Medicaid because the state opted ticular benefit. A working paper from not to expand the program. the National Bureau of Economic ReWithout the search released significant inin March found crease in revenue the birth rate from Medicaid among young that the Colorawomen who lived do family planin a ZIP code ning program has within 7 miles of seen, Wyoming one of Colorado’s clinics deal with Title X clinics financial chalwas 20% lower lenges in makthan in those ing LARCs acwho lived further cessible. Pond away. said because the Reduced birth Health Departrates alone do — Jodie Pond not tell the entire ment is responsible for so many teton county health department picture. Changes programs, from in the demosexually transgraphic makeup mitted infection of which women are having children mitigation to immunizations, it can- had long-lasting effects on Colorado’s not solely focus on LARC accessibil- public health and economy. ity. Women who delay having children “Our limiting factor is funding and are able to pursue higher education how much time we have,” Pond said. and better-paying jobs. A New York “Our nurse practitioner would have to Times report found that women in insert the IUD, so it can only happen Teton County wait, on average, until during the two days per week we have they are 30.6 years old, putting the nurse practitioner time.” county in the company of big cities In the face of competing priorities like New York and San Francisco and and shifting funding models, Wyo- giving women the time to travel, deming clinics have to answer one im- velop careers and buy property before portant question: How well did Colo- having children. rado’s program work? Colorado’s health department rePublic health initiatives are some- ported that following the initiative times difficult to track, especially in births to women without a high school their beginning years. For example, education fell 38%, and the average Pond said, increasing sexually trans- age at which women were having chilmitted infection testing can boost dren increased by about 13 months. reported rates because people who See positive results on 13 wouldn’t otherwise be tested come in

“Our limiting factor is funding and how much time we have. ... It can only happen during the two days per week we have nurse practitioner time.”

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 13 care information, shows that the Teton County teen birth rate between Continued from 12 2008 and 2012 was 24.5 births per The abortion rate for women ages 15 1,000 teens. to 19 fell by nearly half, from 10.3 per However, following the work of 1,000 women to 5.4. Western Wyoming Family Planning The data “suggests that the ini- and now the county Health Departtiative may have improved women’s ment in providing low-cost birth • With early detection, there are more treatment options, including ability to invest in their high school control, particularly LARCs, the rate and post-high-school education,” between 2013 and 2017 fell to 10.3 preservation of most of the breast after removal of the cancer. the NBER paper births per 1,000 says, “and thus teens. • Breast reconstruction is an option available to every woman who have important Neither the has been treated for breast cancer. The Women’s Health and implications for Colorado proCancer Rights Act of 1998 requires every insurance plan to cover their economic gram nor the circumstances.” Teton County breast reconstruction following mastectomy for cancer. The economic Health Departbenefits extendment solely cred• Many reconstructive options are available in Jackson, including ed far beyond inits the decrease skin-sparing mastectomy with implant-based and autologous dividual women. in teen and unIn its extensive (own tissue) reconstruction. intended pregreport on the nancies to the For your consultation, call 733 8070 program, Coloincrease in LARC rado didn’t estiEach pro— Jody Camp use. John C. Payne, DO mate how much gram provides colorado department of public health extra personal Board Certified in Plastic and other forms of Reconstructive Surgery income allowing birth control and Serving the region with quality, women to wait allows women to confidential care since 2002 longer to have choose based on children may their family plantetonhospital.org/plasticsurgery 555 East Broadway, Suite 211 Jackson WY have generated. ning needs. 370906 It did calculate the social services Increases in education, Camp said, savings the state experienced because played a big role in helping women of the initiative. understand all the family planning From 2010 and 2014, the decrease services available to them. But access in the birth rate for young women to LARCs — the most effective reverssaved Colorado between $66 million ible form of birth control — has no and $69.6 million. Those savings doubt played a large part in the sucwere seen in entitlement programs cess of Colorado’s program, somelike Medicaid and the Supplemental thing even Camp will admit. Nutrition Assistance Program, as well “Everybody likes to say it’s their as in state-administered nonentitle- program,” that has contributed to dement programs that provide health creases in teen birth rates, she said. “I care and child care to low-income don’t have the answer, and we never women and families. say this is the No. 1 intervention. Over the same period Colorado ex“I usually just like to say we’ve perienced declines in its unintended contributed to it, but we have seen inand teen pregnancy rates, Teton credible results.” County was also seeing a drop in its Deadline is Monday at 5pm. Letters should be 400 words or less and teen birth rate. Data from Network of Contact Tom Hallberg at 732-7079 must include your full name and contact information (for verification). Care, a service that aggregates health or thallberg@jhnewsandguide.com.

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14 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Running to make their voices heard As more women are elected Wyoming inches toward equity. But there’s still a long way to go in the Equality State. By Frederica Kolwey

ne hundred and fifty years ago this year, women in Wyoming earned the right to vote. They have made political strides since then, but today they make up just 15.6% of the Wyoming Legislature. At the national level women make up 23.7% of the U.S. Congress. While Teton County has a relatively high number of women in office — 41.2% — it still misses the mark. In 2018 a historic number of women ran for and were elected to political offices at all levels, but they still made up less than a quarter of all candidates. Despite significant advancements, logistical and societal hurdles persist. According to an October 2019 report from the Center for American Women and Politics at Rutgers University in New Jersey, women were voted into office in historic numbers in the November 2018 general election, and that included unprecedented numbers of women of color, younger women and women with young children. Democratic women were responsible for the majority of seats that flipped from Republican to Democrat across levels of office and even in the most competitive districts. “Because in the ether of public discourse there had been more discussions about the imbalance of power between men and women, not just in politics, but in all of our industries, I think that played a role in the public’s embrace and support of women running in 2018,” said Kelly Dittmar, assistant professor of political science at Rutgers UniversityCamden, a scholar at the Center for American Women and Poli- Dittmar tics and the author of the October report. “There was a sense that all of our institutions needed to do better.”

Complications with child care Barriers to women’s representation in elected office have historically been linked to a dearth of female candidates. Research shows that when women run they are elected at similar rates to men. That said, research also shows that women candidates tend to be of higher quality than their male counterparts, which contributes to that equality at the ballot box. To overcome persistent gender biases, women must do more in order to be elected at the same rates. Once women decide to run they face

BY THE NUMBERS: ELECTED FEMALE OFFICIALS IN 2019 WOMEN IN STATE GOVERNMENT

ELECTED WOMEN OFFICIALS IN 2019

WOMEN IN STATE LEGISLATURES

TETON COUNTY 41.2%

2,133 women currently serve in state legislatures, holding 28.9% of all the seats.

NATIONALLY 23.7% STATEWIDE 15.6%

Women: 13% - 16%

Teton County represents the percent of total elected officials — county commissioners, town council/mayors office and county executives, including assessor, attorney, clerk, clerk of court, coroner, sheriff and treasurer — who are women.

Women: 17% - 27% Women: 28% - 39% Women: 40% - 53%

29.3%

states have female governors (AK, IA, KS, ME, MI, NM, OR, RI, SD)

of state elected executive offices are held by women

PERCENTAGES OF WOMEN IN ELECTIVE OFFICE

30%

28.9% state legislatures

25%

20%

23.7% 15%

10%

1971 ’73 US Congress

’75

’77

’79

’81

’83

’85

’87

’89

Statewide Elective

’91

’93

’95

’97

’99

’01

’03

’05

’07

’09

’11

’12

’13

Source: CENTER FOR AMERICAN WOMEN AND POLITICS AT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY

financial and logistical barriers tied to traditional expectations of their roles as mothers and caretakers. Natalia Macker is chairwoman of the Teton County Board of County Commissioners, but her first run for office was in 2014, when she sought a seat in the Wyoming Legislature. Being a state lawmaker would have required her to travel from her home in Jackson to Cheyenne for the two-month legislative sessions. At the same time Macker was deciding to run, she learned she was pregnant with her first child. For young mothers and fathers the added complication of child care has historically limited their presence in state legislatures. “That was probably the biggest conversation that I had in my house,” Macker said.

’14

’15

’16

’17

’18

’19

State Legislatures SAMANTHA NOCK / NEWS&GUIDE

The prospect of serving as a state lawmaker with an 8-month-old baby meant issues like child care and whether she’d be able to pump breast milk were wrapped up in her run for office. “They were things that haven’t occurred yet, and so we haven’t had to address them yet,” Macker said. And whether candidates are male or female, economics can be a hurdle. “I know very few people that could just tell their job, ‘I’m going to not be at work for two months,’” Macker said. So a run for state office presents real challenges for people who in the workforce, who are parents of young children or who are financially unable to their job or business for two months at a time. “Structurally, our Legislature was set up and designed off of the economic position of the people at the time when it was

established,” Macker said. “In an elected legislative body that is making policy decisions, we should strive to be as inclusive as possible.” In 2018, a candidate for the U.S. House, Liuba Grechen Shirley, of New York, petitioned the Federal Election Commission to allow the use of campaign funds for child care, opening the door to changes at the state level. Fourteen states have allowed candidates to use campaign funds for childcare at some point, though only five states expressly allow it. Wyoming’s stance is unclear – there is no law explicitly approving or disapproving of this use of campaign funds.

Intangible hurdles Women continue to face less tangible barriers to political office based on

See Candidates on 15

Post-Abortion Grief “… I honestly think of your advertisement each day before I open the Jackson Hole paper. It is difficult because I am reminded of the abortion I had over 40 years ago. I think your readers should know that abortion is not a one day event. Once you have an abortion it is with you almost every day for the rest of your life. The guilt, the remorse, the loss never leaves … Please keep up your wonderful attempts to protect the innocent.”

From the ladies who keep things running here at Teton County/Jackson Parks and Recreation. We would like to honor all the Jackson Hole women of our community, nationwide and the world!

– Anonymous letter to Right to Life of Teton County 370770

Right to Life of Teton County • P.O. Box 8313, Jackson, WY 83002 • 690-7245 • Elaine Kuhr

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 15

Candidates Continued from 14

traditional societal expectations of women and persistent gender biases. Research shows that during the campaign process, women continue to be held to different standards than men. Their competence is conflated with how they look, for example, and candidates who are mothers face questions about whether they are irresponsible for seeking political office instead of focusing on their family roles. When Erin Weisman, county and prosecuting attorney for Teton County, had her first child, she decided to step away from working full time at a local law firm. For the next several years she continued to handle contract work and remained involved with her law practice while starting her family. In 2014 she was hired by the county as a deputy clerk. Last year voters elected her as Teton County’s first female county and prosecuting attorWeisman ney. “My gender wasn’t a reason to keep me in or out of politics — it just seemed very natural for me, because I see myself as a smart lawyer first,” Weisman said. Though she was unopposed in last year’s election for county and public attorney, Weisman said she ran as though she had an opponent throughout her campaign. “Even though I didn’t have an opponent I wasn’t going to rest on my laurels and not put signs up or advertise in the paper or knock on doors,” she said. Being a woman has in no way prevented Weisman from going after everything she has set her mind to, she said. It does mean she has had to balance all the different parts of her life as well as the pressures society places on women and women place on themselves. “I really do believe that women can have it all,” Weisman said. “I firmly believe that. Sometimes you have to work harder and you have to get up earlier and stay up later, and that’s what I do.”

REBECCA NOBLE / NEWS&GUIDE FILE

Natalia D. Macker waves to a friend during the 2019 Jackson Hole Women’s March. Macker, who is chairwoman of the Teton County Board of County Commissioners, participated in the march, she said, “because women need each other and because my son needs to learn.”

a history of advocacy and activism that far precedes the advancements women made in 2018 and arises from different motivations than what was seen for white female candidates. Many white women credit shock, fear or anger after the 2016 presidential election as a catalyst for their candidacy in 2018. But that is not the case for women of color. “Women of color broadly, and black women in particular, have always felt threatened in our political system,” Dittmar said. Bucking stereotypes Women of color ran for office and won at historical Society’s expectations have created an ebb and flow rates in 2018, but their political activism was not new. of advantage and disadvantage for women throughout “I think we need to credit those particular communiAmerica’s political history. On the whole, Dittmar said, ties for translating that activism into candidacy in 2018, there remains power in masculinity and male stereo- but noting that that was not particularly new, that womtypes connected to who our elected officials tend to be en had certainly been exemplary in those communities and what we value. What did before,” Dittmar said. emerge for the first time in 2018 Because of the historic disparwas women blatantly calling out ity in the number of female canthe biases they face, flipping them didates, organizations devoted to on their heads in the process. achieving political parity often foIn 2018 women ran political cus on encouraging women to run ads showing themselves breastfor office in the first place. While feeding or highlighting their offering that encouragement and motherhood in other ways rather making women aware of open pothan glossing over that part of sitions is important, there is a lot their identity. — Natalia D. Macker between deciding to run and getting elected. “I think what we saw in 2018 chairwoman, teton county board was more overt disruptions of of county commissioners Different boxes what had previously been seen as “We need to be encouraging disadvantageous to women,” Dittmar said. “I think as more women are willing to do that women to step up, but we also need to be sure whatevand be disruptive in that way, it hopefully diminishes er the opportunity is that we are cross-checking to see if there is something that is unintentionally built into some of the potential penalty.” Women of color seeking political office in the U.S. face our institutional way of doing things that is prohibiting unique biases and stereotypes that intersect with those more diverse voices from coming to the table,” Comabout women in general. There is less precedent for missioner Macker said. “We’re saying, ‘We need you to women of color to run and less research on the specific fit into this box.’ Well maybe we need a different box.” Expanding the opportunities for women to serve in experiences of women from different racial and ethnic backgrounds, which has led to less available guidance to political office strengthens the entire political system. In a survey of male legislators as well as interviews help women of color navigate and strategize for the distinct political landscapes they face. with 83 of the 108 women who served in the 114th U.S. That said, in black and Latino communities there is Congress — both conducted by the Center for Ameri-

“We’re saying, ‘We need you to fit into this box.’ Well, maybe we need a different box.”

can Women and Politics — researchers found women were inspired to seek political office so they could make specific policy changes. Among the male congressmen, the most common answer when asked about their primary motivation to run for office was that they had always wanted to be an elected official. “There is some evidence that it may be helpful to these institutions more broadly to just have more people there who are motivated by the work,” Dittmar said. Macker attributes her desire to run to the fact that she didn’t see herself or her peers being represented in office nor certain issues she wanted represented. “I think that was probably the strongest piece of deciding to do it: that if it wasn’t going to be me, then who would do it?” she said. Hailey Morton Levinson, vice mayor of Jackson, grew up in Jackson and was elected to the Town Council for the first time at age 26. She’d noticed there were people on the council who had been serving since she was in middle school. “I grew up here,” Morton Levinson said. “I love Jackson, and I really wanted to give back. But also, I felt like a younger, female voice was good to have.”

Elected to work The motivation to effect change, research shows, has contributed to cases in which women were more likely to work across the political aisle to achieve results, not because of an inherent gendered trait but because of a feeling that they didn’t work so hard to be elected in order to get nothing done. Throughout her seven years on Jackson Town Council, Morton Levinson has seen the balance of men and women on the council and the Teton County Board of County Commissioners fluctuate. At one point it was half and half. Today, between the two boards there are only two women. “I can see a difference,” Morton Levinson said. “To me it is very good to have more of a balance, just in the tone and the way that conversations move along, either getting decisions made or getting points across.”

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16 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

―

AMBER BAESLER / NEWS&GUIDE FILE

Erin Weisman and Michelle Weber, who were both candidates in the 2018 election, cheer on their fellow participants in Courage to Run in 2018.

Candidates Continued from 15

370215

The more women in office the greater diversity of perspectives in policy-making. Women have different experiences than men, so they raise different questions and offer different insights — not just about “women’s issues” but everything from immigration reform to the criminal justice system, Dittmar said. “I think for any issue that we’re trying to address at a community scale, our solutions to those problems are made better by having a variety of experiences backing them up,” Macker said. “The more different lived experiences that come to bear on the development of a policy, we’re going to have a policy that really meets the needs.” Beyond gender, Macker said, increased diversity across racial, ethnic, socioeconomic and other factors is vital for creating a government and future that works for everyone. “Particularly right now, where things feel increasingly polarized in all sorts

of ways, stepping back and joining together and celebrating instead of fearing the things that are different about us is the only way that we’re going to do anything,” she said. The 2018 election pushed back on all kinds of questions about women’s viability as candidates. Despite bias and other barriers, they proved they can do the work necessary to win, Dittmar said. However, she said, more work is needed in order to see men and women hold office at equal rates and to continue to push for advancement for women from all backgrounds. One major group that was left out of the historic advancements made in the 2018 election was Republican women. “If we claim that the work is done, if we claim victory, mission accomplished, then we stall again in terms of women’s advancement,” Dittmar said. Contact Frederica Kolwey via 732-7076 or valley@jhnewsandguide.com.

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Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 17

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18 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

Maggie Moore holds a photograph of her great-grandmother Edith Houston Baily, author of “Diary of a Dudine,” an account of her nine-day elk hunting trip in September 1916 in the Gros Ventre Wilderness.

Edith Houston Baily’s manuscript, “Diary of a Dudine,” about her nine-day elk hunt in Jackson Hole in September 1916, wa

Edith Houston Baily blazes trail Until 2011 her family didn’t know about her Jackson Hole adventure — until young women in the family set out on their own. By Maggie Moore

dith Houston Baily was typical of the well-heeled guests staying at the 4-year-old Bar BC ranch in the summer of 1916.

She was born and raised in Philadelphia, hometown of the ranch’s founder Struthers Burt. She hailed from a Quaker merchant family, and her father was president of a dry goods and textile manufacturing company started by and named after her grandfather, Joshua L. Baily. Edith graduated president of her class in 1912 from Miss Porter’s School in Farmington, Connecticut. She did not attend college but instead headed West for an adventure no one in our family knew about until eight years ago. Edith Houston Baily is my great-grandmother. My family uncovered Edith’s memoir when my cousin Edith Baily Blair Kempner — the fourth Edith Baily in our family — visited Jackson Hole in 2011 to climb the Grand Teton with her husband, Nate. Having arrived early on a separate flight, she decided to kill time at the Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum. In the exhibition hall she came across a curious display featuring a photograph of a woman dressed in men’s clothing standing alongside a man dressed in women’s clothing and a quote from her namesake. Astonished, she followed up with the museum staff, and a few days later this incredible document and story entered the family lore.

Edith’s Western adventure “Diary of a Dudine” is a 28-page hand-typed memoir — with accompanying personal photographs — of my great-grandmother’s nine-day elk hunting trip in the Gros Ventre wilderness in September 1916. She was just 20 years old and the only woman among five men. In it she recalls a dramatic tale of one of Jackson Hole’s first self-described “lady hunters” and her mishaps with fallen horses, scalding hot grease, missed shots and traces of a mysterious mountain man during a feverish pursuit of the elusive bull elk. It also paints a colorful picture of some of Jackson’s famous cowboys and dude-wranglers of the time that she was lucky to have as companions, and life in a frontier town that was still just a budding tourist destination. The manuscript’s journey to the Jackson Hole Historical Society and its discovery by my cousin in 2011 ties together my family’s connection to this special valley. After a summer at the Bar BC, Edith Houston Baily was anx-

COURTESY PHOTO

Edith Houston Baily holds her great-granddaughter, 9-month-old Maggie Moore, in June 1984. Moore has been digging into her heir’s history after learning about Baily’s memoir. More of Baily’s story will be part of an upcoming museum exhibit.

ious to put her “rock target practice” and bird-shooting experience to the test. A hunting party was formed to bag elk, coyotes and bighorn sheep. Her companions were important wranglers and guides from the area: Jimmy Manges, an early homesteader on Jenny Lake, who acted as cook; George Ross, a wrangler at the Bar BC and later of Flat Creek Ranch; and Bill Sensenbach, of the early pioneer Sensenbach family. Sensenbach’s brother, Alfred, who also worked at the ranch; and the Hole’s most famous cowboy, Cal Carrington, served as guides. Her fellow dude companion from the ranch was Stanley Woodward, a few years younger at age 17 and also from the Philadelphia Main Line. He later served as U.S. ambassador to Canada (1950-53). Setting conventions aside after crossing Menor’s Ferry and leaving Kelly, in the freedom of the wilderness Edith posed for the photo that my cousin would later find. “I had been wanting to try riding in chaps ever since my arrival in Jackson Hole three months before, and now Stanley’s new ones offered a tempting opportunity,” she wrote in “Dairy of a Dudine.” “He agreed and we continued our ride — he as a girl in my short skirt, I as a bronco buster in chaps.” Although her privileged background led her to the Bar BC, she was thousands of miles away from Philadelphia society in a

time when women weren’t yet allowed t that she was “an extraordinarily fortuna the head of the cavalcade.” She and Woodward, proud of their ou seeking, thrilled with expectancy, filled and a keen enthusiasm, which threw us h One of the things I love about this man sense of adventure and determination in poignant descriptions of her masculine c Not long after the party started their Jay Jay, lost his balance and fell heavil her leg against a rock. The next day, with hanging over the saddle and Jay Jay str turned toward the sound of cries to see gone over the edge, narrowly escaping d caught on a young sapling. “My nerve was thoroughly shattered burst into tears,” she wrote, “But crying not indulge in when ‘paling it’ with five m With her horse in bad shape, she stopp Carrington to change her saddle to anoth “Of course it was an inconsiderate thin [to] stop the pack train on a steep place his temper, and it was some temper to lo chivalrous lady-killer was the man of th grand in his intenseness of his fury an dislike it. It was seeing another side of th Edith was not the only heiress capti same summer Eleanor “Cissy” Patterso Gizycka, was also a guest at the Bar BC. ing trip the seeds of one of Jackson Ho stories were sown. Surely Edith and Cis acquainted with one another in the confi

Making of memories

As worlds converged on the trail, Edit her memoir noting her observations of t in her party. At sunset one night, listening to the she and George Ross “lay down and talke “George told me he had the Western r ed of ‘a full stomach, warm beddin’ and a said he let his kids go to Sunday school did ’em no harm and they learned ’em to “He had read and was still reading par can Game Hunting.’ He told me of life in early marriage of his in Idaho, of his dud amusing experiences he had had shoot loads of things fascinating and romanti

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 19

“My nerve was thoroughly shattered by now and I almost burst into tears. But crying is a pastime one does not indulge in when ‘paling it’ with five men.” — Edith Houston Bailey “Diary of a Dudine”

BRADLY J. BONER / NEWS&GUIDE

as donated to the Jackson Hole Historical Sociey and Museum in 1998 by Sandy Winchell of Fighting Bear Antiques.

for heirs

to vote. She recognized ate girl on the cayuse at

utfits, were “adventure d with the joy of living hot on the trail.” nuscript is hearing that n her voice, and also her companions. journey Edith’s horse, ly to the left, crushing h her “game leg” limply ruggling up a cliff, she e four packhorses had death when their rope

d by now and I almost g is a pastime one does men.” ped the party and asked her horse. ng for me to have done, e,” she wrote. “Cal lost ose! In one second our he wilds. He was rather nd I did not altogether his remarkable man.” ivated by Cal, for that on, known as Countess During a similar huntole’s most famous love ssy would have become fines of the camp.

th spent a lot of time in the other “roughnecks”

sounds of bugling elk, ed.” religion, which consista bottle of whiskey.’ He l because he guessed it o recite and speak nice. rts in Roosevelt’s ‘Afrin the cow camps, of an de friends, and various ting with them; in fact ic in their strangeness.

He was one of the most picturesque characters I ever listened to,” she wrote. On the ninth day Edith finally took her “six-point” bull elk, right before she was to catch the train in Victor, Idaho, to return to Philadelphia. When the party got back to town that night one more clothing swap ensued, and she donned some men’s clothing and a “rope mustache” made by Stanley before they entered the saloon. “The life of the place, of course, centers in the saloon,” she wrote. “It is where the boys meet when they hit town, where the guides and hunters take their yarns, where the ranchers talk over business, in fact where everything novel, romantic and exciting happens. Here is the living ‘movie.’” In the early 1950s Edith offered her manuscript to Wilfred Neilson, editor of the Jackson’s Hole Courier. She wrote him on the behest of Rose Crabtree, who said Neilson was looking for manuscripts for “the little museum at Menor’s Ferry.” Thinking wishfully, she suggested that perhaps Paramount or R.K.O. would be interested in her story. She wondered if he wanted to purchase it or have it serialized. We don’t know if he sent her any money, but he definitely kept it. In 1998, when Fighting Bear Antiques was handling Neilson’s estate, the late Sandy Winchell donated the manuscript, the letter to the editor and other possessions of Neilson’s to the Historical Society.

Inspiration passed down Later that year at the urging of a childhood friend I came to Jackson Hole for the first time for New Year’s and made a point to visit the Historical Society to see my great-grandmother’s picture and quote. After my seven years living in the U.K., Jackson and the vast landscape of the West left a lasting impression, and it became a desire of mine to move out here. In the summer of 2015, I left my job, landed a job at a gallery and secured housing, and my own Jackson Hole adventure began. Knowing that a female ancestor had come out here in her youth and had the experience of a lifetime is very inspiring. Knowing that a piece of family history is preserved in the Historical Society made me feel there was some sort of predestined connection to this place. I often wonder if Edith, after returning to Philadelphia and getting married in 1918, could have ever have imagined that 100 years later a great-granddaughter inspired by her tale, would move here, start a business and begin a Jackson Hole story of her own. Maggie Moore is the founder of Artemis Art Advisory. Contact her via 732-7076 or valley@jhnewsandguide.com.

JACKSON HOLE HISTORICAL SOCIETY AND MUSEUM / COURTESY

This photo of Edith Houston Baily tipped off her great-granddaughter Edith Baily Blair Kempner, the fourth Edith Baily in the family, to look into the history behind the woman who shared her name. Kempner soon discovered her great-grandmother’s diary of her hunting trip. This photo, found at the Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum, shows Baily and Stanley Woodward, a member of her hunting party, wearing each other’s clothes.

Wyoming women remembered The Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum will host two new exhibits this winter related to women’s history in the West, the first of which includes more on the story of Edith Houston Baily. The first upcoming exhibit in the museum’s main gallery space will feature notable women writers of the early 20th century in Wyoming. Narrative writing about the state — certainly, the Tetons — is sparse before 1950, and published works are few and far between in comparison with the rest of the American West. Women’s words are even harder to come by but provide important insight into the changing nature of the region. This exhibit will explore the story of the landscape, the wildlife, and the people of Jackson Hole and Wyoming through women’s words. “It’s exciting to explore how the rest of the country was able to encounter our state and this valley through books by women,” said Christy Smirl, a private librarian for Foxtail Books and Library Services. “These were popular books in their own era, and deserve a second look for the way they represented our mountain home.” Smirl is leading the curation of the multimedia exhibit, which will open to the public in early December. The museum will also install a traveling exhibit in January from the University of Wyoming’s American Heritage Center titled “Wyoming Women.” The exhibit includes 30 framed historic photographs of Wyoming women throughout history, specifically highlighting the leadership roles they pursued in their family, in the outdoors and in their community. Both exhibits will be open to the public through March 2020. — Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum

20 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

KATHRYN ZIESIG / NEWS&GUIDE photos

Frannie Lenz, 3, pulls her mom Nina Lenz away from the table to get dressed for day care while her brother Hamilton, 2, eats breakfast. Frannie and Hamilton go to the Mountain Kids Day Care in Jackson while mom Nina and dad Brian are at work. The Lenzes had trouble finding day care they liked in a town where the supply of child care is tight.

No place for kids

With high demand and not many options, families are struggling to find suitable child care.

Taking stock of the state of child care

By Cody Cottier

hen Nina Lenz’s child care provider was evicted, Lenz flashed back to the anxiety and frustration she felt during her 18-month search for a place fit to look after her daughter. During that time the Lenz name had sluggishly climbed up the waitlists of the most coveted providers in town: Bright Beginnings, Sweet Peas, Children’s Learning Center — the ones a parent dreams of. For the first year and a half of baby Frannie’s life, dreaming was all the new mother could do. “We knew it would be hard to find a place,” Lenz said. “But we didn’t know it would be this hard.” Most Teton County parents can empathize with her plight. The challenges associated with child care here are no secret — families and their providers are up against forces that all but guarantee costs remain high and opportunities scarce. Cover image: Nina Lenz helps her son, Hamilton, 2, put his shoes on while her daughter, Frannie, 3, talks to her about getting ready Thursday before they head to day care. Nina and her husband Brian both work so in the morning Nina will take the kids to Mountain Kids Day Care and Brian will bring their dog, George, along to his office. KATHRYN ZIESIG / NEWS&GUIDE

Nina Lenz helps her son Hamilton brush his teeth while her oldest child, Frannie, watches and brushes her own teeth while getting ready to for day care. Frannie and Hamilton both picked out their own outfits that morning and tried their best to brush their teeth — with some assistance from their mom.

That leaves stress-ridden parents to cobble together what solutions they can: cutting back on work and enlisting the help of friends and family. Some leave their jobs altogether, diminishing the workforce. For those fledgling parents who do find reliable care, the cost can easily drain their bank accounts at the start of their earning trajectory. Despite the far-reaching consequences, the child care shortage doesn’t often receive the same intensity of focus as, say, housing. Lenz calls it a “hidden issue,” and she said as much in a letter to elected officials earlier this year, her first effort to lay bare the struggles parents face. “If I don’t have day care, my husband or I can’t go to work,” she wrote. “If I am stressed about losing my day care, my work is impacted. If I am

spending my day calling every day care provider in town checking my status on the waitlist, I am not working.” She remembers these worries well — they were the undercurrent of her daughter’s infancy. After 18 months, though, she was finally able to enroll the toddler at Mountain Kids, a facility she said is run by “the most amazing human I have met.” “It was the first time I got to put Frannie in a place that I felt really good about,” she said. The long wait had paid off. Around that time she gave birth to her son, Hamilton, and also enrolled him at Mountain Kids. Now she could drop the two off, go to work and rest easy in the knowledge that her children were in good hands. No more searching. Until Cara Polino was evicted.

For the first time since 2012, officials are seeking insight into the state of child care in Teton County. Though some general trends are obvious, no one knows the full extent of the problem, nor the nuances in supply and demand. How old are the children, what can their parents afford, on which days do they need child care and how do the existing options meet those needs? These are among the questions Alex Norton — the former long-range planner for the town and county who now runs a consulting company, OPS Strategies — will try to answer. He was selected in September to gather data and interview providers, and to use that research as the basis for an assessment of childcare. “The larger intent is essentially to identify gaps,” he said. The goal isn’t to determine what role government can play in making child care more accessible, he said, but “I think one of the things the town and county can do is at least provide the community with the information they can then use to go forward and make improvements.” The last in-depth look at child care, a 2012 study by Susan Eriksen-Meier Consulting, predicted little growth in the number of child care spots through 2030.

Few places to turn As soon as they learned she’d have to move her child care out of the building in which it had existed for years, Polino and Lenz went on the hunt for a new one. Ideally, it should feel like a home, a nurturing setting, they said. But every time they found a promising place, the property owners were reluctant to take on the liability of such an operation. “They’ve kind of just shut me down,” Polino said at the time. That’s only the first hurdle in offering child care — even with an adequate space, the buildings still have to meet

stringent and often expensive code requirements. Such regulations exist for good reason, said town Community Development Director Tyler Sinclair, noting that “life safety is paramount. It’s just kind of a reality.” But nevertheless, they weed out many would-be providers. “We get a lot of people coming into our office hoping, thinking they will open a day care,” Sinclair said. “For every 10 people … maybe two of them make it.” For those who do make it, the troubles have only begun. From there, it can be difficult to hire people for what are typically lowwage jobs. In the words of Patti See kids on 21

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 21

Kids

Continued from 20

Boyd, executive director of the Children’s Learning Center, “You’re going to be fulfilled, not well paid.” And yet, on the other hand, the cost is staggering for the average parent. Prices vary widely, but anything from $50 to nearly $100 a day is common. For some it might as well be a second mortgage payment. “We know that families cannot afford to pay any more,” said Betsy Carlin, chairwoman of the Teton County School District No. 1 board and founding director of

“What a terrible system when we’re counting down the days of our children’s early childhood so we can just wish them away to kindergarten.” — Nina Lenz mother

St. John’s Medical Center’s child care program. “And we know that our professionals deserve to be paid more.” Substitutes and part-time employees are also scarce, making it difficult to accommodate vacation and sick leave for the full-timers. Sometimes the only answer is to reduce service. The Children’s Learning Center, for example, recently had to cut its schedule to 8:30 to 4:30, (though for an additional fee parents can extend one hour on each end). It’s not the only provider to shorten hours in recent months, but considering the nonprofit center receives financial support from federal, state and local government, some saw the change as grim evidence that even the “holy grail” isn’t invincible. “It wracked me a little bit,” said Kathleen Belk, who has two children in the center. “If CLC is not dependable, and it has public investment and does a really good job of fundraising, how does anything else here work?”

Pushing for action In the past six months, child care advocates like Lenz, along with Jackson Vice Mayor Hailey Morton Levinson and Teton County Commission Chair Nata-

KATHRYN ZIESIG / NEWS&GUIDE

Nina Lenz watches as Mary Goodfellow reads to the children Thursday after dropping off her kids, Frannie and Hamilton, at Mountain Kids Day Care. The day care can take up to 10 children at a time.

lia D. Macker — the only elected officials with young children — have brought the subject to prominence, pushing for action on the often overlooked issue. Most significantly, the town and county recently approved funding to hire a consultant to outline the state of child care in Jackson Hole (see sidebar). They also passed resolutions to recognize the Week of the Young Child, an “annual celebration” hosted by the National Association for the Education of Young Children. These are the first steps in local government’s efforts to address the childcare dilemma. Some say more public subsidy, from all levels of government, will be crucial. But Macker argues it’s not as easy as simply throwing more money at the problem. Moreover, she believes the entire community can play a role in the solution — not only the women. “It’s not going to be all the moms getting together to figure out how to reformulate day care,” she said.

In the end a robust child care system is a boon to everyone, regardless of whether they are a mother or father, or even have a young child at all. Some businesses have found ways to make it easier on their employees, offering stipends or establishing their own child care. In other cases parents have banded together to form programs. Such innovations give a glimpse of the creativity it may take to ensure children have the care they need. “It’s overwhelming,” Macker said, “but I think the plus side is the size of our community is one that we can tackle this problem, and I think that puts us in a good place.”

Considering kids? Apply now In the meantime, though, these obstacles constitute a minefield that parents must traverse during what is likely the most decisive stage of their children’s lives. See Day care on 22

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22 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

With over 95 years of combined experience in veterinary medicine, the female doctors at VCA Spring Creek Animal Hospital (SCAH) are a true force to be reckoned with. Dr. MJ Forman leads the team as our founder. She is the only board certified small animal internal medicine specialist in the greater Yellowstone area. Due to our rural location, she is able to consult not only on internal medicine, but on cardiology and oncology as well. Jackson Hole is a small town that is amazingly lucky to have such a well-rounded specialist for our more involved medical cases. She and her husband, Dr. Dan, have raised two smart and successful sons while running the hospital. Having grown up in this area, Dr. Forman is an avid skier, bicyclist, hiker and all-around outdoor enthusiast.

KATHRYN ZIESIG / NEWS&GUIDE

Frannie Lenz, center, plays with the rocks and a magnifying glass at Mountain Kids Day Care while her bother Hamilton Lenz, right, plays with the puzzles at another table. Frannie and Hamilton go to day care when their parents, Nina and Brian, are at work.

Dr. Kathrin Luderer has been with VCA SCAH for over 20 years. She is a general practitioner and an excellent surgeon. She has made her home and raised a great son here in Jackson Hole for more than 20 years. She believes strongly in this community that supports all of our non-human companions just as well (or better) than our human ones. Dr. Luderer embodies the Jackson Hole outdoor culture and all it has to offer.

Day care

Continued from 21

Experts say it’s well worth the effort to advance early childhood infrastructure. “It happens to be just about the most important time of your brain development,” Boyd said, noting that studies show every dollar spent on early child care and education saves taxpayers as much as $7 in the long run. “The investment in early childhood is critical.” With that in mind, child care is rightfully at the forefront of most parents’ and soon-to-be parents’ minds. Many who have already navigated the system offer the same advice to anyone who is pregnant or even considering having children: apply now. “As soon as I got pregnant,” Macker said, “I called my mother, and then I called my day care center.” As for Lenz, she fortuitously evaded the waitlists the second time around.

Dr. Alex Radebaugh, our medical director, has been with VCA SCAH for over four years. Her background in emergency medicine and enthusiasm for constant growth makes her an incredible asset to this team. She has found her calling – and her true love (her fiancé) – here in Jackson Hole! Dr. Radebaugh is a skier, a “see-er” and a “do-er.” Although she is a general practitioner, her academic brain is always pushing her to strive for more. We are excited to be part of her future. Dr. Brittany Mattrella is another of our general practitioners who also loves surgery. Her fearless nature has made her a great part of the VCA SCAH team for over four years. She now splits her veterinary time between VCA SCAH and VCA Animal Care Hospital. In her non-veterinary time, Dr. Mattrella can be found climbing or biking up mountains and simply “living the dream.”

Her father-in-law, Bob Lenz, is a former town councilor who also happened to own a house fit for child care, and her husband, Brian Lenz, is the town engineer. With the advantage of their knowhow and resources, Nina and Polino found a new home. “There’s a lot of luck in my story, and I recognize that,” Lenz said. “I know there are families out there struggling with a lot more issues than we are.” She’s grateful, of course. But despite the happy ending, she admitted with a touch of guilt that she’ll still be relieved to leave behind the burdensome first few years of life. “What a terrible system,” she said, “when we’re counting down the days of our children’s early childhood so we can just wish them away to kindergarten.” Contact Cody Cottier at 732-5911 or town@jhnewsandguide.com.

Dr. Kaley Parent runs the JH Veterinary Wellness Center in VCA SCAH. She went back to school to learn more about how she could help the companion animals of Jackson Hole bounce back from injuries and thrive through illnesses. She provides rehabilitation therapies, acupuncture and hospice care for the beloved furbabies of JH. Dr. Parent has been a fixture in the community for 20 years. She is a workout and trail-running junkie, and the proud mother of an amazing son. Dr. Ginger Stout is VCA SCAH’s newest addition. She is a companion animal as well as a wildlife veterinarian and is lucky enough to get to practice both. She works with dogs, cats, birds, bison, bats and beyond! Jackson Hole is a great fit for Dr. Stout’s outdoorsy nature, and she enjoys cycling, skiing, backpacking and learning to hunt. Together, these women of VCA Spring Creek Animal Hospital form a strong team. The caring and compassion they have for our patients and their families are simply inspiring. Their individual and combined knowledge are unparalleled here in Jackson Hole.

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24 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

She’s spreading the word about sexual health said. “They have families, they go to work. And they’re here.” Teton County’s sexually transmitted disease rates run right around the national average, but among Wyoming’s 23 counties we’re sitting right at the top: Teton County is the By Mike Koshmrl No. 2 most STD-infected population. Croke’s job, funded by the Wyoming statistic that’s high on Adrian Department of Health’s CommuniCroke’s mind is that 20% of cable Disease Unit, comes with a mispeople infected with HIV don’t sion to drive those numbers down. know they’re living with the immunoCounterintuitively, if she’s being deficiency virus. successful, the rates could actually Given that Teton County Public rise in the short term. Health is helping 10 people deal with “All of what I do is education and outknown cases, it’s likely that more than reach,” Croke said. “So hopefully we’re getting more peoone Jackson Hole ple in getting testresident is HIV ed. And yes, you’ll positive and could likely have more be, but isn’t, repositives because ceiving critical people are getting treatment. The vitested.” rus, which can be Croke sat down transmitted sexulast week with ally or by other the News&Guide means, including to discuss her tainted blood or new professional needles, can lead charge. This into AIDS. terview has been As the county’s edited, sexual health co— Adrian Croke lightly condensed and ordinator, a new Sexual health coordinator, reorganized for position as of this Teton County Public Health readability and spring, Croke’s space. task is to connect with any of the valley’s residents who What’s your background, and mightly unknowingly be infected with what attracted you to a job HIV or diseases like chlamydia. The Centers for Disease Control about sexual health education? and Prevention “wants to eradicate I was in the Peace Corps for HIV, but it’s all dependent on testthree and a half years in West ing,” Croke said. “There are too many Africa, and I worked a lot with women people out there who are positive and and girls, and I did sexual health don’t know it. education. It was a polygamous, “Perfectly normal, wonderful hu- Muslim, West African country where See EducatiON on 25 man beings are HIV positive,” she

New Teton County Public Health employee Adrian Croke is trying to end the stigma of sexually transmitted diseases.

“If we’re going to be in a drinking and party town, we’re going to have a high rate of sex that isn’t thought out.”

Q: A:

Adrian Croke is Teton County Public Health’s new sexual health coordinator.

RYAN DORGAN / NEWS&GUIDE

HONORING WOMEN IN AVIATION

371044

Education Continued from 24

a decent percentage of the population practices genital mutilation. It was a complicated environment to teach sexual health in. More recently, I was volunteering for the Community Safety Network doing relationship education in the middle school and high school.

Q: A:

Why do you think we have the second-highest rate of STDs in Wyoming? There’s nothing wrong with going out to the bar and having some drinks with your friends, but alcohol lowers your inhibitions. If we’re going to be in a drinking and party town, we’re going to have a high rate of sex that isn’t thought out. Teton County is also unique in many ways compared to the other counties in Wyoming, especially when you consider the vast amounts of seasonal employees here.

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 25 way more sexual health education than we teach in this county, and some come with less. Is a big part of the job reaching out to those communities? Yeah. We have a really good relationship with Grand Teton Lodge Company, which employs a lot of people in the park. We got up there and did free testing. I also have given them condom dispensers and probably 20,000 condoms. I definitely got through to them this summer. It was awesome.

Q: A:

What are the other STDs that you’re seeing in Jackson Hole? Chlamydia is a big one in Jackson Hole. And there’s always HPV — they say 1 in 2 people is HPV positive.

What are some of the woman-specific issues you deal with? Women do a pretty good job of going to the doctor and taking care of themselves, statistically. This is not a — Adrian Croke woman’s job — Sexual health coordinator, it’s everyone’s Does that Teton County Public Health job — but parents partially tend to be super explain our STD nervous about rates? Seasonal having “the talk.” workers having high rates? I’m not going to say that people It shouldn’t just be the talk; it should who work seasonally have more be an ongoing conversation. Start the conversation throughout STDs than other people. But I do think that is a challenge, that child’s life, and it should start especially when you consider outreach early.The earlier on you do that, the and education. easier it will be in the future. You have lots of different populations, and who knows where they’re Contact Mike Koshmrl at 732-7067 coming from. Some folks come with or env@jhnewsandguide.com.

“This is not a woman’s job — it’s everyone’s job — but parents tend to be super nervous about having ‘the talk.’”

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POVERTY

Continued from 9

around town. The message, “Please take what you need,” however much is needed. “Our hope is, especially at the schools, that girls will take them home to their mothers and their aunts and their sisters,” Hutton said. “Our main goal is for girls to go to school rather than stay home due to a lack of access.”

Pads to the people In the first four months of the program, which started in the spring, 5,200 products were distributed, Hutton said. The program increased “the avail-

“Our main goal is for girls to go to school rather than stay home due to a lack of access.” — Margaret Hutton St. John’s Episcopal Church

ability of these products for girls in our community and in a way that allows them to take what they need without seeing the school nurse,” Reynolds said, “allowing students to quickly get what they need and return to class.” The Tampon Team has also put baskets at 10 other locations in Jackson, as well as 11 spots around Jackson Hole, two schools in Fremont County and the Community Resource Center of Teton Valley in Driggs, Idaho. When the baskets empty, school nurses or staff replenish the supplies. When that batch runs out, the Tam-

pon Team swoops in with more materials. The cost, at this point, has been covered by the three nonprofits spearheading the project — St. John’s Church, the hospital foundation and the Jackson Cupboard — though individual donations have also been received. Long collected funds via Facebook — to the tune of $1,600 in 10 days — and one man wrote a check to St. John’s for “unmentionables.”

Though the topic of periods can make some guys squeamish, men have been some of the biggest supporters of the project, organizers said, possibly having their eyes opened to struggles that their sisters, wives and daughters have faced. The issue is not a hard one to explain, Long said. “The main thing that I’ve been saying to everybody that I talk to is if it’s a problem in this community, which

is so well-to-do, it’s a problem in anyone’s community,” Long said. “This is a global issue and one that really needs to be addressed.” Organizers have also given thought to the sustainability of the products being distributed, choosing tampons with non-plastic applicators and exploring reusable products like menstruation cups and Thinx period panties. “But our number one goal was just See Access on 27

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Access

Continued from 26

to get products into the schools,” Hutton said. “Then we can work out all the kinks and expand later.”

Luxury items Flying under the umbrella of St. John’s Church, products are purchased tax-free — a luxury that regular shoppers don’t have, because tampons, pads and other menstruation products are subject to a “luxury tax.” Ten states have repealed a tax on those products: Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nevada, New Jersey, New York and Pennsylvania.

“If it’s a problem in this community, which is so well-to-do, it’s a problem in anyone’s community.” — Katie Long

St. John’s Hospital Foundation

California approved a repeal of the tax on menstrual products and diapers, but it lasts only two years; Ohio is considering a repeal of the tax. Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire and Oregon also don’t tax tampons, but that’s because they do not have a general sales tax. The remaining 33 states tax menstruation products. Period Project organizers are aiming to change Wyoming law to join the short list of states that do not. The next legislative challenge is at the federal level, organizers said, because menstruation products cannot be purchased with SNAP or WIC benefits, which are distributed through the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children. Changing how these federal program work, however, will “literally take an act of Congress,” Hutton said.

‘Solvable problem’ Smith’s Food and Drug donates health and beauty products to the

Where to pick up products All products can be found in baskets in women’s bathrooms at the following: • Arapahoe Middle School • Central Wyoming College • Colter Elementary School • Community Resource Center of Teton Valley (Driggs, Idaho) • Dubois High School • Jackson Cupboard • Jackson Hole Community Counseling Center • Jackson Hole High School • Jackson Hole Middle School • Habitat for Humanity ReStore • Smith’s Food and Drug • St. John’s Episcopal Church • St. John’s Hospital and Professional Office Building public restrooms • Summit High School • Teton County Parks and Recreation • Teton County Jail • Teton County Public Administration Center • Teton County Public Health Products can also be picked up during St. John’s Episcopal Church’s “Laundry Love” event, 5:30 to 7 p.m. on the second Thursday of the month at the Jackson Laundromat. Locations are being added. For info contact one of the organizers: Jean Barash at jbarash@wyoming.com; Leslye Hardie at hardie.leslye@gmail.com; or Pam Woodson at pam@stjohnsjackson.org.

Jackson Cupboard, including open boxes of tampons, said Leslye Hardie, a Cupboard volunteer and Period Project organizer. Often the boxes are opened for one or two tampons, which signals to Hardie that young women are in a bind. “It’s just an absurdity that [lack of access] would keep people from school or work — or have them stealing things from Smith’s,” Hardie said. Smith’s Food and Drug recently became one of the locations at which the Tampon Team stocks baskets. While the products do cost money, the problem seems like one that is surmountable, Hutton said — which has driven donations and volunteerism. “Dynamic women who can tangibly make a difference,” Hutton said. “We’re talking about buying supplies and distributing them. It’s a doable, solvable problem.” Contact Melissa Cassutt at 732-7076 or valley@jhnewsandguide.com.

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28 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Female-only substance abuse programs valued ten jokes it’s the “men-only meeting.” For her, having a women-only space allows her to be more vulnerable and feel less judged when talking about personal or sensitive topics. “I do feel kind of isolated here beBy Isa Jones cause it’s so male heavy, and you need Julie Butler misses her girlfriends someone of your own sex,” she said. “The men aren’t going through the from back home. Butler, who has been sober for two same things.” According to a 2010 study pubdecades, started her sobriety journey on the East Coast. There, as a mem- lished by New York University, addicber of a 12-step program, she could tion is different for men and women, attend multiple meetings a week that both in biological and sociological were women-only. terms. “It’s really a precious thing for “Recent substance abuse research me and other indicates signifiwomen to have cant gender difthese women ferences in the meetings,” Butsubstance-relatler said. “Beed epidemiology, cause I went to a social factors and lot more women characteristics, meetings the first biological re15 years of sobrisponses, progresety, these women sions to depenwere my rock.” dence, medical Jackson Hole consequences, is a masculine co-occurring psyplace. The U.S chiatric disorCensus Bureau ders, and barri— Trudy Birkemeyer Funk says only 41 perers to treatment curran-seeley foundation cent of the popuentry, retention, lation of the town and completion,” of Jackson identhe study stated. tifies as female, and when it comes to Those differences are myriad. substance abuse treatment and recov- Women are less likely to seek treatery, those male-heavy trends repeat ment — or face barriers to treatment themselves. — meaning they often enter treatWhile there are 12-step program ment at a more advanced stage of meetings multiple times a day that the disease than men. According to a are mixed-sex, only two a week in 2017 study published by the National Jackson, and one a week in Wilson Institutes of Health, women are more are for women only. likely to use substances to self-mediButler goes to a meeting in Alpine cate, they escalate faster to addiction where she is the only woman and ofSee AddictiON on 30

Women have different addiction patterns than men and benefit from single-sex programs.

“Women that come in with a trauma history, having that women-only safe space for women to work through that is important.”

RYAN DORGAN / NEWS&GUIDE

Julie Butler, who has been sober for two decades, started her journey attending multiple women-only meetings, something that she said offered a different kind of support.

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30 • Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Addiction

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Continued from 28

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than men, and they are more likely to relapse. When it comes to treatment, women face more barriers to entry than men, far beyond just fewer 12-step meetings available in a given week. “A convergence of evidence suggests that women with substance use disorders are more likely than men to face multiple barriers affecting access and entry to substance abuse treatment,” the study stated. The Curran-Seeley Foundation, a state-certified alcohol and drug counseling, treatment and prevention services in Jackson, has observed two key things about women in treatment. Women often do not seek treatment because they have children to care for, and women who do enter treatment have a much higher rate of trauma than men. “Women that come in with a trauma history, hav- Funk ing that women-only safe space for women to work through that is important,” Executive Director Trudy Birkemeyer Funk said. “When working through trauma and recovery it’s never best practice to have a mixedgender group.” According to the Seeking Safety Curriculum that the program uses for those who have experienced trauma, the rate of patients who enter with post-traumatic stress disorder is 12% to 34%. If you focus on women, that percentage increases to 30% to 59%. That statistic applies to the clinical diagnosis of PTSD, not taking into account other trauma or trauma behaviors that haven’t resulted in a di-

agnosis. It’s also common for women who do have that dual diagnosis to have experienced trauma in the form of childhood abuse or sexual abuse at the hands of men. The first women-specific treatment center opened in 1956 at the Hazledon Betty Ford Treatment Center. Curran-Seeley started its women’s program around 2000 and, according to a directory of addiction services in the state — the only other women-specific programming is offered by Southwest Counseling Service in Rock Springs, and it is for mothers only. At Curran-Seeley, women who enter the intensive treatment program are automatically put in a gendered program for more individualized care. “We wish we could expand our women’s program,” said Jamie Lasden, a therapist in the women’s program, adding that lack of resources and the small population prevent more individualized care. “Our goals would be to expand our programming, and we’re always striving to do better and learn more. Curran-Seeley does offer posttreatment options for women, and just launched a six-week yoga-based trauma program for women. Butler agreed that those kind of options, both in and post treatment, are crucial for women’s success in sobriety. “I find it important,” Butler said of women-specific programming. “Going through the things women go through — being assaulted or not heard by men. A lot of other women who are new to the program do prefer the women-only meetings. Who knows what it was that led them to their bottoms. It could’ve been men.” Contact Isa Jones via 732-7076 or valley@jhnewsandguide.com.

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’ve been thinking a lot about wor- be especially prevalent for mothers thiness and identity development who don’t work outside the home, recently. It has been on my mind work only part time or have given as a mother raising two up a flourishing career to teens, and as someone who raise children. As Libby works with parents and Simon wrote in her arbelieves strongly in helpticle “I’m Just a Mom,” ing children develop posimany stay-at-home mothtive self-esteem. ers have used those exact Self-esteem is different words, emphasizing the from self-confidence. Selfword “just,” as if implying confidence has to do with the work they are doing in external achievements, the raising their children isn’t feelings of mastery and beenough. Or they explain lief you can do something. away their work at home Self-esteem is an internal by talking about past caRachel Wigglesworth feeling that regardless of reers or part-time jobs. what you do (or don’t) you The perception is often are enough — you are competent and that work mothers do at home is not worthy of love and belonging. important because it does not earn a paycheck. While raising children is Self-esteem and mothers one of the most important jobs we do, Interestingly, researchers at the at as Simon wrote, “Stay-at-home moththe University of Tilburg in the Neth- ers are unpaid labor, [thus] the work erlands found “women experienced they do is viewed as neither worthy of declines in self-esteem during their respect nor recognition.” pregnancies and then increases in the If self-esteem is rooted in our insix months afterwards.” ternalization of how we act upon the Self-esteem “declined once again world and how the world reflects us, and continued falling” until three no wonder we see a decline in selfesteem in mothers — they have “abyears after childbirth. The study also found a similar de- sorbed the same negative attitudes as cline in intimate relationship satis- seen too often in the lack of [society’s] faction during early parenting years. pride and self-worth in their role.” We often value what have historiWhile no cause and effect could be determined between a decline in ma- cally been seen as men’s roles — that ternal self-esteem and relationship of the workplace — in which power, satisfaction, researchers noted a cor- respect, appreciation and recognition relation between them. Both tended are garnered. Many women “strive to ‘break the glass ceiling’ as the only way to be “exacerbated by having kids.” See Mothers on 33 Feelings of low self-esteem can

Parent Talk

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Mothers

Continued from 32

to prove their worth,” Simon wrote. Don’t get me wrong: Many women love to work outside the home and find immense satisfaction in doing so. Many women also love to stay at home, so why isn’t the same sense of accomplishment given? My intention in this article is not to compare mothers who work outside the home with those who don’t. Rather my intention is to investigate the complicated topic of self-esteem, specifically as it pertains to mothers. I want to acknowledge that stay-athome mothers have earned the right to feel pride and accomplishment, and working mothers also work hard raising their children.

Updating societal values As mothers we wear many hats and often feel pressure to wear them all well — taking care of the home, the children, our relationships and our jobs. It’s a lot. Partly because our identities can be so tied to the work we do and our role as mothers, if we are not doing well in any of those realms, our self-esteem can suffer. To add to that, mothers who work outside of the home often experience the “motherhood penalty” — penalties mothers face in compensation, the hiring process and perceived workplace competence that fathers don’t experience. If others devalue us in relation to our so-called peers, it can impact how we value ourselves. Simon’s article goes on to discuss our outdated societal values: We de-

Jackson Hole Woman | JACKSON HOLE NEWS&GUIDE, Wednesday, October 23, 2019 • 33 value what is associated with women and femininity, and as such, devalue the traditionally woman’s role of caregiving. There is a reason we don’t have universal guaranteed paid maternity leave in the U.S. Yet, I would argue there are few endeavors more important than raising a healthy (in every sense of the word) human being, and research has shown that parents and primary caregivers are the foundation of children’s well-being and healthy development. If it weren’t for children developing into healthy adults, who would be the educators and health care providers, the ones who fight for justice or those who work for the sustainability of our planet? So I ask, do we mothers, whether we work outside of the home or not, have to prove our worth? Rather, I wonder if we can find fulfillment in whatever we do regardless of outside judgment. It’s not easy to block out the opinion of others, especially if self-esteem is developed in part through relation to others. At the same time, self-esteem also comes from an evaluation and acceptance of our weaknesses. We simply cannot do it all. And that’s OK. We do our best with where we are and with what we have — and then, accept ourselves with an open heart. Self-compassion can help us build unconditional self-esteem that reminds us we are, and always will be, enough.

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• Clarene Law, co-owner of the Ranger Steak House and the Antler Motel, was named Citizen of the Year at the Chamber of Commerce Harvest Ball and Annual Banquet. • Ann Smith, 16, achieved her firstdegree black belt in the Moo Duk Kwan Soo Bak Do Tan Soo Do school of karate. Her father, Bob Smith, a second-degree black belt artist and instructor, conducted the exam. • Margaret Feuz, president of the Jackson Cowbelles, submitted the organization’s Recipe of the Month to the Jackson Hole Guide: Pickle Pot Roast. • Donna Premor was appointed dog officer for Jackson. • At the St. John’s Auxiliary luncheon, President Kay King presented volunteers with pins for their various hours of work. In Nita Garaman’s case, it was more than 500 hours. Francis Scott had clocked the second-highest hourly total, with more than 300. • “Women’s Lib hit the local Punt, Pass and Kick” contest, reported the Jackson Hole Guide. More than 70 Jackson boys and girls competed. • First National Bank hosted the semiannual Wyoming group meeting of the National Association of Bank Women. The Jackson contingent included Betty Jones, Virginia Blair, Winnina Flower and Laurene Sinn of Jackson State Bank and Nancy Riddle of First National Bank. • County librarian Meg Tallber read to preschoolers every Wednesday morning for storytime.

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• As the third annual Quilting in the Tetons began, Bertha Gillette, owner of the Quilt Shop in Victor, Idaho, recalled when the art was a necessity, not a hobby.

She’d grown up on the Chambers homestead on what became the National Elk Refuge, and had started quilting at age 14. “We had nine kids, so every time a new baby came that meant a new quilt,” said Gillette, now 74. • Kathy Bressler’s clothing business, Cattle Kate, had grown in the eight years since she’d started making scarves for friends. She sold her merchandise to 400 stores around the country and had store displays in Japan, Germany and France. • Louise Bertschy was named Senior of the Year by Pioneer Homestead Senior Services. Her love affair with the Tetons began in 1927 when she was 13 — and then named Louise Mapes — and her family camped on the shore of Jenny Lake. At 75 she lived in a log home at Triangle X dude ranch, which she started with her first husband, John Turner.

15 years ago … • On the eve of her retirement from the Wyoming House of Representatives, where she’d served seven consecutive terms since 1990, Clarene Law showed no signs of slowing down. “I don’t plan to retire at all,” said the CEO and board chairwoman of Elk Country Motels Inc. “I plan to spend more time with my family, but I’ll never give up working.” • School board members fired Superintendent of Schools Sandee Oehring and installed Pam Shea, a principal with the district, as interim superintendent. • An article in the News&Guide’s Working Women section (now named Jackson Hole Woman) asked, “Where are Jackson’s women leaders?” No women sat on the Jackson Town Council or the Teton County Board of County Commissioners. Lisa daCosta, a candidate in the recent primary for House District 23, said many women were busy with careers. “The county commission and the Town Council are not 10-hour-per-week jobs,” she said. See Looking Back on 35

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Looking Back Continued from 34

• Photographer Bronwyn Minton won a Wyoming Arts Council fellowship. It was the second time in four years she’d been awarded the $3,000 prize. • In her first multisport race, Amy

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Jackson businesswoman Clarene Law, shown here in 1991, was named Citizen of the Year by the Chamber of Commerce in 1974 and served seven consecutive terms in the Wyoming House of Representatives beginning in 1990. On the eve of her retirement from the Legislature she said, “I’ll never give up working.”

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