DIGITAL DESIGN + FABRICATION SM1, 2016 THE FLOATING POD Jiaqi Mo
(716101) Michelle + Group 5
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1.0 IDEATION 1.1 Object: Measured drawing + digital Model 1.2 Object + System Analysis 1.2 Sketch model 1.3 Sketch design proposal 1.4 M1 Reflection 2.0 DESIGN 2.1 M2 Design development 1 2.2 Precedent research 2.4 Precedent applied to design 2.4 M2 Design Development 2 2.5 M2 Design V.1+ V.2 2.6 M2 Design Development 3 2.7 M2 Design V.3 2.8 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects 2.9 M2 Reflection 3.0 FABRICATION 3.1 M3 Introduction 3.2 M3 Design V.1 - 5 3.3 Assembly Drawing 3.4 Laser Cutter Lay Out Template 3.5 Fabrication sequence 3.6 Prototype development + optimisation 3.7 Completed Sleeping Pod 3.8 M3 Reflection 4.0 REFLECTION. 5.0 APPENDIX 5.1 Bibliography 5.2 Credit
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0.0 Introduction Design Brief: to create a sleep pod for 1 person that respond to the need of personal space as it will be intended to use in the work place or the university campus. Through the semester, I have been explored the material system of profile and section to represent an enclosed fluent dynamic shape that address the need of personal space.
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1.0 IDEATION 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.4
OBJECT: MEASURED DRAWING + DIGITAL MODEL OBJECT + SYSTEM ANALYSIS SKETCH MODEL SKETCH DESIGN PROPOSAL M1 REFLECTION
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1.1 MEASURE DRAWINGS + DIGITAL MODEL: THE EGG CUTER ACCESSORIES PLANS AND ELEVATION
BASE PLANS AND ELEVATIONS
BASE SECTIONS
BASE SECTION AA
ACCESSORIES 1
BASE PLAN (TOP)
BASE SECTION BB
BASE SECTION CC
ACCESSORIES 3 PLAN
BASE PLAN ( BOTTOM)
The base pattern is much more complex than the accessories as it needs to cater for there’s cutting traces. ACCESSORIES ELEVATION
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These 3 sections of the base is to show the coherent change of the height and shape inside of the base to cater for the shape of eggs and the cutting traces.
PERSPECTIVE DRAWING: SEPERATION AND COMBINATION These perspective drawings show how to combine the accessories and the base together to use as an egg cuter.
MEASURING DRAWING DESCRIPTION There are mainly 3 ways for me to do this measuring drawing. 1. I photocopy the egg cuter and then trace the main outline. In this way, I can easily use my ruler to measure it on paper.
TOP PLAN BASE PERSPECTIVE1
2. Directly measure. This method works when I need to know the height/ depth of different parts of the egg cuter, as the first method only tells the weight. 3. For those areas where ruler can not fit in, I use a small picese of paper to trace them out first. For examle, when I was drawing the base sections, I need to know the accurate height of the inside of the base.
BASE PLAN
BASE PERSPECTIVE
PERSPECTIVE
BASE PERSPECTIVE1
Thus, I put a paper inside and trace the outline, then use ruler to measure.
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3. EXPILLODED ISOMETRIC DAWING
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1.2 OBJECT + SYSTEM ANALYSIS 3 MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF MY OBJECT
1. Interlocking: the patterns of the base is designed to adjust the cutting pattern of the accessories so that they could interlock when being put together.
2. See through layering: when the cutting accessories and the base are combined together, each pattern of the cutting accessories could still be clearly observed from top view.
3. Flexibility: the 3 cutting accessories could be put into the base in random orders.
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GENERATING SKETCH MODEL IDEAS
1.2 SKETCH MODEL
My sketch model was composed by triangular interlocking panels, which could be took off and be arranged in random order, representing the ‘interlocking’ and ‘flexibility’ characteristics of the object. Besides, some of the panels were hollow so that it could embody the idea of ‘see through laying’.
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1.3 SKETCH DESIGNS PROPOSAL SKETCH DESIGN 1
SKETCH DESIGN 2
CHANGABLE/ADJUSTABLE/MULTIPURPOSE INSPIRATION: This design idea came from the characteristic of flexible from the model. This sleeping pod is designed for people who sleep on a chair/ next to a wall without a desk. The triangles interseting with each other on the shower are removeable and can be adjust by the user for their expected angle and height.
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LOCK/PROTECTIVE/SLEEPING ON A DESK I use triangle as the main design element is because it has the visual effect that looks not easy to approach. This implys that the user is not willing to be disturbed by others. Besides, the geomectic shape eye mask also contributes to increase the users’s sense of security as it blocks the view form outside but till also the user have the chance to see what’s happening outside.
INSPIRATION: This design idea came from
the characteristic of intersect and lock from the model. This sleeping pod is designed for people who sleep on a desk.
I use curv neck and the back.
ve shape pattern to wrap around the user’s back to protect the user being disturbed from
SKETCH DESIGN 3
RELIABLE/IOSLATE/SEE THROUGH LAYERING INSPIRATION: This design idea came from the characteristic of intersection and lock. Random amount of traingles intersec with the grid shape layers underneath to form the basic shape of this sleeping pod, which allows the user lay down to sleep.
Triangle is still the main design element in this design. Apart from the reasons mentioned above, in this design, triangle is use to protect the user and isolate he/she from the others and outside environment. Besides, the geomectic shape eye mask and the grid-shape layers underneth also contributes to increase the users’s sense of security as it wrap the user, isolating he/she from the outside environment and blocks the view form outside.
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1.4 M1 REFLECTION In M1, I was introduced the material system of profile and section by studying and analysing the given object the egg cuter. In order to represent my object accurately, I started to come up various measuring methods. Photocopying would be the most efficient way for measurement and drawing, as it converts the 3D object into 2D figure.
profile and section and which characterises of the egg cuter would represent the profile and section system the best. According to the feedback from M1 presentation, my sketch model was not very successful in representing the system as I was too disturbed by the characterise of the egg cuter instead of the system. My sketch model and designs were too focused on ‘flexibility’, which is not necessary a main characterises of profile and section. Thus, in the next module, I went back to
The importance of the measured drawing, as emphasised in Heath’s (2000) book, was fully reflecting in this modular. It’s not only a way to practise drawing techniques and learn how to represent a design by plans, sections and elevations, but also, it force us to know our object very well in terms of physical properties and it’s own characterises. In this way, we could start to get the sense of our material system and well prepare for the next stage which is absorb and apply the object’s characterises to our design, especially those representing the material system.
my measuring drawings of the object and reconsider which characteristic should be further developed.
After that, I
focused on further developing the second sketch design as the idea behind ‘Interlocking’ is more relevant to the system. Apart from that, all of my sketch designs at this stage intended to respond the personal space requirement by covering up the faces and block their view. As according to Sommer (1969), people would like to avoid eye contact when their personal space had been offended.
Overall, I feel like M1 was a good start for this subject as it Indeed, after making the measuring drawings and rhino model
introduced a new perspective to learn and understand a
for the egg cuter, I got to know almost every details of my
design object not only physically but also the design intention
object and started to have a very general sense of the system
behind it. Such understanding helps us move forward when
of profile and section. Besides, it provided a good chance
started to design our own sleeping pod in the next module.
for us to get used to Rhino, which would be a necessary tool for the rest of the semester. However, I found it challenging to make the sketch model as I was still not quite sure what is
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2.0 DESIGN 2.1 2.2 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9
M2 Design development 1 Precedent research Precedent applied to design M2 Design Development 2 M2 Design V.1+ V.2 M2 Design Development 3 M2 Design V.3 Prototype v.1+ Testing Effects M2 Reflection
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2.1 M2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 1
M1 SKETCH DEIGN, ZECH
This sketch design was created based on a combination of earlier sketch designs done by me and my groupmate. This design explores the idea of a shell that forms a physical boundary demarcating the personal space of the user resting within. M1 SKETCH DEIGN, JIAQI
This sketch model based on Design 1 was an exploration of the shell and its ability to contain the user and mark out the boundaries of the user’s personal space. However, this prototype was proved to be not work as the structural system was also more inclined toward a ‘Panel and Fold’ system as compared to a ‘Profile and Section’ system.
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2.2 PRECEDENT RESEARCH
Sleep Suit, Forest Jesse
Sketch Design Apply to Precedent
Quick Study of two common sleeping positions, paying particular attention to the personal space requirements of both postions. Analysing two ‘Profile and Section’ systems that could potentially be incorporated in our next sketch design and model
(C) Space - DRL 10 Pavilion, Alan Dempsey + Alvin Huang
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2.2 PRECEDENT RESEARCHW (C) space - DRL10 Pavilion, Alan Dempsey + Alvin Huang
The temporary pavilion is formed by interlocking planes that create varying shades of light within the interior spaces of the pavilion. The interlocking system is utilized throughout the pavilion, from the exterior form to the furniture within the interior space. The pavilion was created with various users in mind allowing for various social interactions.
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2.3 PRECEDENT APPLIED TO DESIGN
These two sketch models to the right are from a previous study looking into how parallel panels could be employed to support the weight of a person’s head.
Having seen how the interlocking system is utrilized in the (C) space pavilion for lighting and structure, we intend to incorporate this system in the form of the sleeping pod. Inspired by the lighting within the pavilion, we also intend to utilize the panels to control the amount of light that enters into the interior space wherein the user sleeps. These were some sketches and experiments on rhino examining how a similar effect could be achieved.
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2.4 M2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 2 SKETCHES: GENERATING IDEA
Inspired by the sleeping position: sleeping on palm, I first came up the idea of the standing pillow. After studying the precent, I decided to design a ‘skin’/ cover that could not only define the personal spce, but also the structure of the ‘skin’ is embodied by the profile and section of itself. The teardrop shape of the skin is a result of tracing out the important areas of personal spance.
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2.4 M2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 2
DIGITAL MODELING: FROM CURVES TO SURFACE’S STRUCTURE
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2.5 M2 DESIGN V.1
2.5 M2 DESIGN V.2
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This proposed design attempts to use interlocking panels of various shapes and sizes to allow users to rest within its interior, whilst defining the personal space of the user with its exterior form. Within the interior space, there is a stand for which users can rest their heads against. A common position people sleep in is to rest their heads on their hands. By supporting the head, there is less strain on the neck.
Inspired by the varying depths and heights created by contour lines on maps, and the interlocking panel system experimented in the V.1 design, this V.2 design plays with varying widths between parallel panels. The varying spaces between panels controls the amount of light allowed into the interior space of the sleeping pod.
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2.6 M2 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT 3
SKETCHES + DIGITAL DEVELOPMENT
Sketches exploring a detail within the sleeping pod that can faciliate three possible sleeping positions within.
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Sketches developing the overall form and the head supports found within
DIGITAL DESIGN DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES Step 1: Making surfaces
Step 2: Contourling
Step 3: ExturdeCrv
M2 design
M2 design
M2 design V3 testing
M2 design V3
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2.7 M2 DESIGN V.3
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V3 employs the same interlocking panel system as V1 while retaining the inspiration of contour lines in V2. However, its overall form is altered and moulded to be more sensitive to the personal space of the user.
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2.8 PROTOTYPE + TESTING EFFECTS
DETAILS + TESTING
This prototype is inspired by contour lines and employs an interlocking system to create the head support used in the sleeping pod.
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Testing of the sketch model for comfort
Right Head Support
Bottom Head Support
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2.9 M2 REFLECTION In M2, precedent study would be a necessary start. As both
Furthermore, in week 5’s lecture, the term ’prototype’ was
of my group mate and I were confused about the system,
introduced to us. Me and my partner started to make partially
we explored the system together by looking up and studying
prototype for the design and it gave us more understanding
precedents. By analysing various profile and sectiwon
to our design in terms of the visual effect, the sense of scale
precedents represent in not only rigid form and soft form, it
and weather the concept or logic behind the design would
inspired us to come up different directions of idea development.
work or not. We did the pillow part of the design and through the process we figure out the most comfortable high of the head resting part by testing each panel’s high many times.
After figuring out the profile and section system, initial design
Besides, it did tell us that the idea of ‘holding pillow’ actually
idea came up in my mind. However, I found it hard to draw it
was not quite comfortable as it restricting our arms in a limited
out due to the dynamic shape and complexity of my design.
space. Thus, for the further design development, the shape of
At this stage, the huge advantage of using digital modelling
the pillow part would be change to a ‘floating’ shape so that
tools showed up. It did a great job in helping me to visualising
there would be enough space provide for the user’s to stretch
and refining the design idea. In Rhino, my design idea could
their arms.
be fully well represent in details. Further more, it provides the chance for me to easily experiment all sorts of potential development of my design. Without the comment ‘Contour’ in Rhino, my design would not be able to make it. Moreover, it allows me to keep changing the shape of me design so that it could more respond to the user’s personal space.
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3.0 FABRICATION 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8
M3 Introduction M3 Design V.1 - 5 Assembly Drawing Laser Cutter Lay Out Template Fabrication sequence Prototype development + Optimisation Completed Sleeping Pod M3 Reflection
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3.1 M3 INTRODUCTION In M2, our group was trying to design a sleeping pod that the dynamic shape or structure of the design was embodied by the profiles and sections by using the ‘contour’ command in Rhino. As comes to the design intention for sleeping position, we’d like to use the idea of ‘hugging pillow’ and provide multiple head resting seats for the users. Besides, we adjusted the shape of the skin to further respond the personal space.
M2 Design: Rhino Models
M2 Design: Prototype
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3.2 M3 DESIGN V.1+ V.2 From M2 Design to M3 Development 1
M3 Development 2
- Refine the shape: lift up the down part of the design to further respond to the pillow shape and make the whole piece more unify
M2 Design
M3 Design V.1
- Get ready for laser cutter: change the contour line directions to form a traditional waffle grid intersections. - Shrink the design to a more reasonable size for fabrication and using. - Extrude the pillow part from surface to a volume form
M3 Design V.2
Front
Exturde the pillow part
Back
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3.2 M3 DESIGN V.3 - Trying to experiment the way to contour as I was not satisfied with the traditional ‘waffle grid’ intersection - Start to contour the top part and under side separately to gain more interesting outcome - Finalised the design of pillow part: extend the ribs to let them go through the slices of the pillow. As a result, the ribs would connect with the pillow part. Besides, the pillow slices could provide support for the top ribs and achieve a ‘floating’ visual effect.
Front
Back
Right
3.2 M3 Design V.4 - When I started to make the notches of the ribs, I realized that the down-side part would not work as the ribs curve in multiple directions, even they were intersecting at the right angle, thus I have to go back to the original ‘waffle grid’ intersection for the side part
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Back
Right
Detail of side part
Detail of side part
Detail of top
Detail of Pillow
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3.2 M3 Design V.5: FINAL DESIGN - Realized the top part of development 4 would not work either - Finalised the contouring way - Modify all the connecting part of the designt
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Front
Back
Final design in rendering and the shadow effect
Detail of side part
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3.3 Assembly Drawing
The top handing part: MDF
The top part: white polypropylene
The top part: MDF
The base part: MDF
The connecting part: MDF
The side handing part: MDF
The horizontal side part: white polypropylene
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The horizontal side part: MDF
The side part: MDF
The pillow part: Perspex
3.4 LASER CUTTER LAY OUT TEMPLATE
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3.5 Fabrication Sequence
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3.6 Prototype development Test Out 1: Material
Using mountborad and polypropylene to test out the top part. It turned out that the notches works. However, mountboard is not rigid enough and easy to shake.
For the final model: mountboard was replaced by MDF.
Test Out 2: Pillow Part This part was not work as the MDF ribs were very hard to go through all the perspex slices. The reason behind that was the size of the holes on the perspex were excatly the same as the size of MDF ribs. This works in the rhino but not the reality.
For final model: the holes on perspex wee offseted into a slightly larger size.
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3.6 Prototype development Test Out 4: Material Colour For the polypropylene, I was not sure for the colour. So I print both of the white and clear polypropylene to test out. It turns out the white one makes it more pop out as it gives more contrast with the MDF colour and makes the layers more clear.
For the final model: Go for the whie olypropylene.
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3.6 Prototype development
The Failure Part of M3 final prototype For M3 final prototype, the top part was not well constructed. The hanging MDF ribs of the top part were the main problem cause. As for the M3 final prototype, the hanging part was indented to design for athletic reason. In Rhino model, the hanging part was placed on top of the polypropylene part and interlock together. However, it turned out that in reality the polypropylene would not be able to support the weight of the hanging ribs. As a result, the polypropylene collapse and the hanging ribs failed to be fit in the original cutting notches. Some of the hanging ribs even broke down into two pieces when I try to pull them to fit in the notches. Thus, the idea of hanging ribs was proved not working. Thus, I gave up the hanging part and extend the end of the ribs so that they could interlock with the bottom ribs.
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Fixing up in Rhino
The top handing part: MDF The top part: white polypropylene The top part: MDF
The top part: white polypropylene The top part: MDF
The substitution of top handing part: MDF
Extention of the top handing part
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3.6 PROTOTYPE OPTIMISATION
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3.7 COMPLETED SLEEPING POD ON BODY + IN DETAIL
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3.8 M3 REFLECTION In M3, I moved a very long way from digital modelling to actual
Apart from that, as shown in week 7’s lecture, the video: the power
fabrication. In the early stage of this module, I was focusing on
of making illustrated the amazing effect of hand making products.
refining my design from ideal form to be able to make it in reality
I also found that once started to fabricate, the whole design itself
(especially be able to laser cut). I was aiming at making a perfect
became much more touching and astonished.
rhino model so that I did not need to do a full scale prototypes as it would be really expensive and not efficient. As a result, I started to unroll all the pieces of my design and put them into the layout of
In short, M3 was a very important module as it pushed me to
laser cut template quite late. After waiting for the laser cut job to be
experiment the transition from digital design to fabrication. Through
done for quite a few days, I left myself not much time to fabricate
this transition, I get to know the two dimensional fabrication well and
the design. What’s worse, when I started to fabricate it, various
the restriction of laser cuter itself had also became part of my design
practical problems that I had never though about would happen
component. It’s exactly what Michael Speaks said (Iwamoto, 1969),
in Rhino modelling came out. This taught me a painful lesson: never
“Making becomes knowledge or intelligence creation”. Making now
think too much but without actually making it out. Only till this time I
becomes the part of deign. In this module, the boundary between
realised how important to making prototywpes to test out the design,
making and design disappeared and now interact with each other.
which was highlighted in week 5’s lecture. Even it’s only a partially one may tell the design would work or not. Due to lack of time for fabrication, the first full scale prototype for M3 presentation was not well constructed. Thus, after the presentation, I analysed the reason why it was not work and found out the hanging part was the main reason. To refine it, I gave up the hanging part and extended them in the Rhino model so that they would be supported. After that, I sent them to laser cut again. Finally, this prototype was successfully fabricated and well constructed.
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4.0 REFLECTION
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4.0 M4 REFLECTION Through out the semester, I have been explored and experienced the transition from digital design to fabrication. I have made a huge progress that I can be beneficial in the future as a designer. One of the most important achievements that gain from this subject would be gain “the digital mode thinking�(Rifkin, 2011) of design. Such digital design and fabrication logical thinking has a huge impact on me. Even when I was doing deign project for other studio, I found myself was exactly applying the same logic to design that I have gain from this subject. I think this the future, not only for me, but also for every designer: we all have to embrace the changes that technology brings to us. As mentioned in Marble’s book (2008), craft has always been tied with technology. Thus, in this information age, digital design would definitely be the trend in architectural industry as well. In this perspective, I think this subject provided a very good introduction for me to be able to learn and engage in this trend. In m2, I have learned to use digital software to design. In M3, I went through the transition from digital design to actual fabrication and get to know those basic two dimensional fabrication and theirs fabrication strategies (Kolarevic, 2003). After this semester, my technical skills of Rhino have been improved so much along with the design development. This dramatically enlarges my design possibility and ambitious in the future.
The two dimensional fabrication and its strategies have huge impacts on my design. My design was started from the dynamic surfaces that were created by random curve lines that I was experimenting in Rhino. Digital software allows me to create such free form but aesthetic surfaces that prevents me from being restricted. Besides, though these surfaces are not fully self support structurally, it dose form a semimonocoque structure that the structure of my design embedded into the surface. Contouring is the key tool for me
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to convert the surfaces into real ‘profile and section’ design and a further development point for my design in terms of function (light control and view blocking), aesthetics and fabrication. Laser cutter makes my design come true in reality. Due to the organic form, large scale, huge amount of intersections and extremely high accuracy it required of my design, there is no doubt that laser cutter is the most vital part of the fabrication. Laser cutter by no means speed up my fabrication process and save me from monotonous cutting works. Nevertheless, it still resisted the way I want to design and how the skin ribs intersect with each other in some degree, due to laser cutter’s two dimension essence. As it can only cut two dimensional patterns, my design basically have to restrict in intersecting at a right angle. Due to this reason, I had changed my design and tried different directions of contouring to make my design look good but still available for laser cutter.
When I look back, I found there are a lot of things that I could improve. In M1, I was not looking deep enough to consider the system logic behind my object. In M3, I was looking the portion of digital design development too much and not paid enough attention on fabrication. Time management should be planed better. If I could do it again, I would definitely start to make prototypes much early so that I could have enough time to react and solve the problems that come up. After all, it is not good to rely on Rhino too much without any actual making. Apart from that, I have to say I enjoy doing this subject. It allows me to think, make and create, and most important, it helps me to develop a brand new way of design thinking that I could be beneficial for my architectural study and career in the future.
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5.0 APPENDIX
Heath, A., Heath, D., & Jensen, A. (2000). 300 years of industrial design : function, form, technique, 1700- 2000 /Adrian Heath, Ditte Heath, Aage Lund Jensen. New York : Watson-Guptill. Kolarevic, B 2003, Architecture in the Digital Age ‐ Design and Manufacturing/ Branko Kolarevic. Spon Press, London Lwamoto, L 2009. Digital fabrications: architectural and material techniques/ New York : Princeton Architectural Press, c 2009. Marble, S, 2008. Building the Future: Recasting Labor in Architecture/ Philip Bernstein, Peggy Deamer. Princeton Architectural Press. pp 38‐42. Rifkin, J 2011, The third Industrial Revolution. Palgrave Macmillan.pp107‐126 Sommer, R. 1969. Personal space : the behavioral basis of design / Robert Sommer. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice‐Hall, c1969.A Sleep Suit, , Forest Jesse/ Creative Agency Image creds:http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/0/17957/198768/Test_800.jpg (C) Space DRL10 Pavilion, Alan Dempsey + Alvin Huang https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2007/11/drltencutjointsrender-1.jpg https://static.dezeen.com/uploads/2007/11/detail.jpg http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3023/2686728958_e83e654c85.jpg https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3373/3250713655_3e7c145cbb_b.jpg
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CREDITS
Page Cover
Drawings
Computation
Model Fabrication Model Assembly r
Photography
Writing
Graphic Design
Page Cover
Drawings
Computation
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