Architectural Design Project Report

Architectural Design Project (ARC60108)

Final Comprehensive Design Report Student: Chee Jia Xin Student ID: 0327392 Tutor: Ar.Ari Methi

Content Chapter 1 : Project Background

page 3

1.1 Introduction 1.2 Objectives of the Programme 1.3 Goals of the Project

Chapter 2: Site Investigation & Contextual Studies page 5 2.1 Introduction of site 2.2 Historical background 2.3 Site significant issues 2.4 Urban studies 2.5 Macro site analysis

Chapter 3: Design Intention Strategies page 10 3.1 Micro site analysis 3.2 Precedent studies 3.3 Design intention 3.4 Programme and project brief 3.5 Site response 3.6 Spatial programming 3.7 Form studies

Chapter 4: Environmental & Technological Strategies page 17 4.1 Design strategies & details 4.2 Sustainability concepts 4.3 Energy conservation feature 4.4 Material and resources 4.5 Innovation 4.6 Structural concept

Chapter 5: Final Presentation Board page 24 Chapter 6: Tutorial Log Sheet page 27

2

Chapter 1 : Project Background

3

1.1 Introduction of the project Culture and Innovation Centre Muar City, Johor, Malaysia Muar is need for a place to live,work learn and play to act as the heart and engine of the city, Public places, encourage human interactions and architectural intervention makes the places more meaningful.Currently the city has the Maharani Royal Town to attract tourist and visitors but requires the needed boosts to generate interest and appeal. The city of town is generally quiet after 7:00pm and literally not much happening in the outdoor or public areas.

1.2 Objectives of the programme ● ●

●

● According to the studies made by local and foreign researchers, Muar is lacking of a ‘node’ that will allow local people to gave their public activities, moreover, could ‘draw’ or act as a magnet to attract people from different places in Malaysia and countries to visit and stay in the place.

Hence, a Culture and Innovation Centre are introduced to serve as the Muar City’s cultural landmark and public activity centre. The project calls for a design that adhere to main criteria, appreciation of city/town’s culture and innovativeness; exhibit the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the people and teach visitors and the younger about what they need to know about the city.

●

●

To design spaces that will effectively to showcase and promote the culture of Muar City.

To align design, which will create a positive impact to the immediate neighborhood, more engaging and inviting hence, encourage people to stay and explore.

To respect and positively affect site and neighboring places with it is highly engaging design. Wherein the designed public areas serves as a platform to engage people thru exhibition, workshop and other types of activities.

The architecture or the design can be an iconic image to the city and a cultural landmark.

To incorporate an element of sustainability and green in design, educating people about the importance of healthy living and environment. Likewise as a representation of the city’s credibility as the cleanest tourist city in the Asean region in 2017.

Design should comply with pertinent guidelines and regulations. Compliance with buildability, safety and building requirements.

1.3 Goal of the project

Short Term ● To deliver the project without delays or loss in the project and achieving the requirements from the client’s design brief. ● To provide consultation on design and technical aspects of the project. ● Effectively foresseing risks and countering them efficiently.

Intermediate Term ● To create new cultural landmark and public activity centre to the local as the same time to promote the culture of Muar to the society. ● To create a social interactive platform for people from the site to know each other and gain benefits from each other.

Long Term ● To develop a sustainable urban development that is favourable to future construction. ● To make a good impact on local economics and promote heritage tourisms in Muar.

4

Chapter 2 : Site Investigation & Contextual Studies

5

2.1 Site Introduction

2.2 Historical Background The river and the city.

1840s-1940s During 1855, a treaty was signed that handed Muar to the Sultan of Johor. In 1870s, Sultan Abu Bakar travelled to Britain to learn their bureaucratic ways and town planning methods.After that, lands are reserved for government offices, mosques and shops, attracting traders in 1880s. Bandar Muar was given the name Bandar Maharani. Pepper and gambir plantations taken care by Chinese migrants due to the Kangchu system was introduced, allowing the growth of the inland river edges. Due to the growth of economy in Muar, ferry services established for transportation on the river.

1967s-1990s In 1967, the first bridge - Sultan Ismail Bridge was built, replacing ferry services. The bridge act as a catalyst for change in the town of Muar, as the bridge allows easy access. Travellers can now head to their destination without stopping by Muar. The riverfront development continues with the erection of the Muar Trader’s Hotel. In consequences, Muar familiarized herself with furniture export. More furniture factories are built to satisfy the demand of the furniture industry. Local craftsmen adapted concept of labour division from Taiwan which allows mass production of furniture made from rubber wood.

Culture and Innovation Centre Muar City, Johor, Malaysia The site for this project is located at 26, Jalan Maharani, Pekan Muar, 84000 Muar, Johor (2.04687, 102.56481) with total size area 2540 sqm. It seated in between two administrative buildings and surrounded by traditional shop houses which mainly focus on commercial and eateries function. The old architecture style of the shop houses evoke the sense of heritage and sentimentality. Additionally, the site are situated beside the Muar river. The site are nearby the Jalan SIsi, where the weekend bazaar will be held during weekend night. The site iis highly accessible by both vehicular and pedestrian traffic as there’s paved walkway provided along the Jalan Maharani. Furthermore, the paved walkway along Jalan Maharani has safety barriers to ensure the safety of the pedestrian.

2000s-current Muar or Bandar Maharani is a historical town and the capital of Muar District, Johor, Malaysia. It is one of the most popular tourist attractions in Malaysia to be visited and explored for its food, coffee and historical pre war buildings. It was recently declared as the royal town of Johor by Sultan Ibrahim Sultan Iskandar and is the fourth largest city in Johor. In 2010s, Muar was awarded Asean Clean Tourist City Standard Award 2017 (2018-2020).

A Culture and Innovation Centre is proposed within the site to serve as the Muar City’s cultural landmark and public activity centre to the local as the same time to promote the culture of Muar to the society.

6

2.3 Site Significant Issue

Muar is situated between Singapore, Johor Bahru, Malacca and Kuala Lumpur. These main cities offer higher job opportunities and better education compared to those of Muar. Hence, most of the youngsters decide to leave the town and pursue their careers and this causes the shortage of younger generation in Muar. As a result, the population in Muar is either too young or too old as the middle age group is missing.

During the interview with local people, most of them said that they are going to shut down their family businesses because their children do not want to take over them. Consequently, hands-on skills such as furniture making and traditional culinary techniques are not able to be passed down from generation to generation.

The cultural dilution occurs too frequently due to globalization and it’s concerning that the Muarian culture will be forgotten slowly in near future.

7

2.4 Urban Studies Figure Ground

PESTLE Analysis

Muar City, Johor, Malaysia P - Political The site falls under the jurisdiction of Majlis Perbandaran Muar (MPM) and the are is regarded as a jurisdiction zone.

As the site presents the opportunity to act as a cultural focal / anchor attraction point, the proposed centre aims to address this & improve the quality of the existing and future community.

T - Technological Harsh tropical weather calls for proper shading and solar gain regulation, creating for a comfortable environment for the expression of the community.

As proposed building is of event-fueled, spaces are to be of multi-use & allow for flexibility of configurations & programme.

E - Economicals Jalan Maharani area is a mix-used district, complete with administration office, corporate offices, local retailers, eateries and bulk suppliers and wholesalers.

Close proximity of these services draw in working class of all cultures and ethnicities as well as those travel abroad for business and sightseeing. As such, this proposal is able to cater to the requirements of these potential users.

L - Legal According to the Street, Drainage and Building Act 1974, all buildings constructed in Malaysia must able by certain by laws. MPM codes require a minimum of 6 meters setback from adjacent roads.

To design, safety, construction methods, and other criteria of the buildings are set forth by the Uniform Building By-Laws 1984 (UBBL 1984). Thus, the building must set out to obey all requirements as stated not only in design, but also during construction, and even when the building is operational.

S - Sociological WIth the population of 247957 (stated 2010), age group of (0-14 years) is 27.6%, (15-64 years) is 64.6%, and (65+ years) is 7.8%. However, most of the youngers who fall at the age group of (15-64 years) will leave Muar to other states such as Kuala Lumpur or Johor Bahru for better job opportunity and education offer.

Hence, the proposed programme & activities is aimed at promoting the culture of Muar to the society in order to draw back their attention as well as attract more tourist to visit Muar.

E - Environment The existing vegetation on site will be preserved and further enhance with landscaping feature in and out of the building.

Although not a legal requirement, all new developments are expected to adhere and achieve a certain minimum grade in the Green Building Index standards. The proposal aims to reduce the amount of artificial lighting and cooling.

8

2.5 Macro Site Analysis Building use

District

Landmark

functions

zoning

distinctive characters

Variety of shophouses the revolution of the function of shophouses

9

Chapter 3 : Design Intention Strategies

10

3.1 Micro Site Analysis SWOT Analysis Strength ● Rich historical background. ● Existing trees provide shading. ● Extensive view of riverfront. ● Situated next to the main road (Jalan Maharani).

Weakness ● Lack of attractions and entertainment facilities. ● Insufficient parkings. ● Heavy vehicular traffic such as cars and busses along the Jalan Maharani which facing directly to the site. ● Site appear isolated lead to the building might be difficult to stand out.

Opportunity ● Creating a network of cultural significance and investment. ● Multiple entrances and exits can be designed due to the expanse of site available. ● Tapping the nearby node(Jalan Sisi) during weekend bazaar. ● Site next to river, opportunity to introduce water activities. ● Empty spaces allowing trees to grow.

Threat ● Chance of flooding as the site is next to the river. ● Temporal & night dormancy of the area may encourage negative activities around the site. ● Visitors might take facilities provided for granted without care.

schematic elevation showing the river boundaries

Culture and innovation centre can be build up to

2537.9m2

11

3.2 Precedent Studies Suzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum, Vector architects

outdoor corridor and courtyard are connected

restaurant facing the riverfront

Suzhou Intangible Cultural Heritage Museum is located at east part of the Suzhou Horticultural Exposition Park, in a reserved village near Taihu lake of Wuzhong District, Suzhou. The site is surrounded by river on its three sides, and the design is inspired by its natural environmental and the traditional culture of the city-Suzhou.

The strategy is connecting different scattered functions by courtyards and outdoor corridors in order to generate the spatial experiences of traditional buildings types. In consideration of local climates, it allows visitors to walk through those outdoor corridors between different courtyards when raining.

water landscape features are introduced to Engage the building with the river

create natural ventilation and lighting

12

3.3 Design Intention The implementation of the culture and innovation centre begins with “constructing a platform for integration innovation” as a starting point; a culture and innovation centre that elevates and promotes the existing culture in Muar.

Inspired from the “hand’s on” spirit inside Muar culture, the culture and innovation centre are designed in more tactile way by using different architecture principal such as transparency, light and shadow, solid and void as well as materiality.

The building also emphasize permeability in different perspective: visual permeability among the user group either in horizontal or vertical way; visual permeability between the city and the river; physical permeability between the city and the river.

site

3.4 Programme and project brief The centre serves as a part of solution to reverse the current issue in Muar which is the shortage of middle age group. The main idea is to attract more people to visit Muar as well as to reignite the local’s pride of being a Muarian. With the authentic culture, the role of this centre is to create an environment whereby people can innovate within the existing culture and be experimental with traditional materials and techniques, in order to create interesting hybrids of both.

The cultural innovation centre promotes consolidating contemporary culture through multifunctional capabilities and facilities in anticipation of constructing an arena for the experimentation and showcase of existing culture to the public. It is a platform that encourage interdisciplinary collaborations, international cultural exchange and educational research. Ultimately, this centre could help promote local cultural attractions, and serve as a trademark to Muar.

Co-creation program Artists are required to submit their proposals and their projects should be relevant to the local culture. The artist-in-residence will be provided with accommodation in the centre. During their residencies, those artists will introduce their proposals to the public and hold an exhibition at the end of the program.

13

3.5 Site response

14

3.6 Spatial Programming

15

3.7 Form Studies Design development

Final physical model.

16

3.7 Form Studies Study model

Study model 1

Study model 2

Study model 5

Study model 6

Study model 3

Study model 4

Final physical model.

17

Chapter 4 : Environmental & Technological Strategies

18

4.1 Orientation Sun exposure

Sea breeze Sea breeze occurs during the day due to the difference in pressure created by the different temperature.

Site exposed with natural sunlight.Beside the existing vegetation, the site has no sun shading. It receives direct sunlight exposure throughout the day causing the area to be hot.

Land breeze

Wind flow Land breeze occurs during the night due to the difference in pressure created by the different temperature.

High tide, low tide

Wind directions are most prominent from South and North-East. In order to achieve thermal comfort, placement and orientation is considered throughout the design process.

19

4.2 Sustainability Concept The internal environment of a building, including factors such as thermal conditions, air quality, ergonomics, and lighting, affect the physical and psychological health of the humans who inhabit or work in the building. A better indoor environments can improve the quality of life.

ETFE film Next generation in material where the impossible with glass is now possible.

It’s super lightweight.

As ETFE film is lightweight, it requires less structural steel to support it, less materials results in a much lighter carbon footprint. Geater design capabilities due to the lightweight and flexibility of the ETFE film.

Excellent Light Transmission ETFE film produces a bright and open spaces that can emulate the outdoors.

Due to high transmittance of daylight, lighting costs can be reduced which in turn will contribute to saving energy.By choosing a specific ETFE film, light transmission can be controlled to best suit the exposed area.

Superior Durability and self-cleaning properties.

ETFE is highly resistant to chemical damage, as well as being resilient to wild weather.ETFE film can retain well its strength for over 20 years whilst also retaining its transparency with its self-cleaning capabilities.

Masonry wall

Eco steel

Bricks can exhibit above normal thermal insulation when compared to other building materials. Bricks can help regulate and maintain constant interior temperatures of a structure due to their ability to absorb and slowly release hear. In this way, bricks can produce significant energy savings.

The use of steel for construction offers a green solution at a time when environmental conservation has become very important in the country.

Steel structure are also an easily removable and transportable solution.

Fire Resistance Performance ETFE film has passed international standards in fire resistance.

Lighting Effects Added light or projection images is another way that ETFE film can help create a unique atmosphere for any structure.

ETFE Film

Masonry wall

Eco steel trusses

20

4.3 Energy Conservation Features Environmental Strategies

Facade ETFE filter the direct sunlight and this help to reduce glare from the building’s bright facade.

Hence, achieve the thermal comfort for the users. By choosing a specific ETFE film, light transmission can be controlled to best suit the exposed area.

Site vegetation

Overhang The massing of the building is overhang and it creates sufficient shading for the underneath space of the centre.

Additional vegetation are introduced to the site to filter the noise as well as covered the unpleasant view from the public. Furthermore, it can provide shade to the spaces and cool down the surrounding temperature.

Natural wind flow The cool air wind from South during April to May can help to cool down 75% of the spaces because of the central atrium.

21

4.4 Material & Resources Environment-Friendly Product

ETFE film ETFE is recyclable; once it has been taken from a structure it can be recycled back into useable ETFE products.

ETFE is a lightweight fabric, which requires less fabrication than traditional building materials, reducing CO2 emissions in the air.

Due to its transparency (up tp 90%) ETFE can reduce the use and cost of indoor lighting.

Nippon paint green choice series

Eco friendly concrete

Green Choice is Nippon Paint’s series of interior and exterior paints that are formulated with the wellness of the environment and your health in mind. The series features water-based, non-added lead and mercury as well as near-zero VOC coatings.

Concrete which is made from concrete wastes that are eco-friendly are called as “green concrete”. Green concrete is a tem given to a concrete that has had extra steps taken in the mix design and placement to insure a sustainable structure and a long life cycle with a low maintenance surface. E.e Energy saving, CO2 emission, wastewater.

Advantages: Reduction of the concrete industry CO2-emission by 30% Increased concrete industry’s use of water products by 20% No environmental pollution and sustainable development Green concrete requires less maintenance and repairs Green concrete having better workability than conventional concrete Good thermal resistant and fire resistant Compressive strength behaviour of concrete with water cement ratio is similar to conventional concrete Flexural strength of green concrete is almost equal to that of conventional concrete

22

4.5 Structural Concepts Building Technology Full wall section

23

4.5 Structural Concepts Building Technology

Callout wall section Detail A

Callout wall section Detail B

24

Chapter 5 : Final Presentation Board

25

5.1 Presentation Board

26

Chapter 6 : Tutorial Log Sheet

27

28

29

30

31